CN110702788A - Acoustic test platform and method capable of representing microscopic metal damage change - Google Patents
Acoustic test platform and method capable of representing microscopic metal damage change Download PDFInfo
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- CN110702788A CN110702788A CN201910996811.4A CN201910996811A CN110702788A CN 110702788 A CN110702788 A CN 110702788A CN 201910996811 A CN201910996811 A CN 201910996811A CN 110702788 A CN110702788 A CN 110702788A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/14—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object using acoustic emission techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/023—Solids
- G01N2291/0234—Metals, e.g. steel
Abstract
The invention relates to an acoustic test platform and a test method capable of representing microscopic damage changes of metal, wherein the acoustic test platform comprises a micro-force in-situ tensile test loading mechanism, a microscopic damage visual observation mechanism and a weak acoustic signal detection mechanism, the micro-force in-situ tensile test loading mechanism is formed by arranging a micro-force in-situ stretcher on an in-situ tensile test platform, and the micro-force in-situ stretcher is connected with an acoustic signal data acquisition system; the microscopic damage observation mechanism is formed by connecting a high-resolution microscope and a high-definition digital camera and arranging the high-resolution microscope and the high-definition digital camera on a microscope object placing table; the weak acoustic signal detection mechanism is provided with an acoustic emission tester, a preamplifier and a micro sensor, wherein the micro sensor is coupled to the surface of the tensile test piece to be detected by using a coupling agent, and the two ends of the tensile test piece to be detected are respectively fixed with one micro sensor. The method effectively establishes the relation between the acoustic signal parameters and the damage mechanism by combining the real-time change condition of the microscopic damage image under in-situ stretching under the condition of the abrupt change of the acoustic emission source signal.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the field of detecting microscopic damage based on an acoustic emission technology, in particular to an acoustic testing platform and an acoustic testing method capable of representing metal microscopic damage change.
Background art:
the metal material is widely applied to the industries of aerospace, automobiles, bridges, petrochemicals and the like. Various failure damages of metal materials under the combined action of load and environment can occur, and the number of catastrophic accidents caused by structural failure is increased sharply. Therefore, the method has the advantages that the failure mechanism of the engineering structure is mastered, the structure weight is better lightened, the load is improved, and the service life is prolonged, and is a research hotspot continuously concerned in the engineering technical field. From the viewpoint of metal microscopic damage mechanics, the method for exploring the early damage mechanism of the metal material is a currently common theoretical analysis method. However, the existing method mainly qualitatively analyzes the metal microscopic damage process and cannot quantitatively calculate, so that the establishment of a metal microscopic damage model and the accurate prediction of the early damage state of a metal material are further hindered.
The early metal damage process is accompanied by the generation of an acoustic emission phenomenon, a visual platform of the metal microscopic damage process is established, acoustic data of the whole damage process is recorded by using an acoustic testing technology, the visual platform and the acoustic emission platform are organically combined to realize the recording and description of the metal microscopic damage process, and a basis is provided for establishing an accurate metal microscopic model.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to provide an acoustic test platform capable of representing metal microscopic damage change, which is used for solving the problems that mechanical equipment is not damaged timely when the mechanical equipment is detected to be damaged, and metal material damage cannot be found at the initial stage of defect generation in the prior art, and also aims to provide a test method of the acoustic test platform capable of representing the metal microscopic damage process.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the acoustic test platform capable of representing the metal microscopic damage change comprises a micro-force in-situ tensile test loading mechanism, a microscopic damage visual observation mechanism and a weak acoustic signal detection mechanism, wherein the micro-force in-situ tensile test loading mechanism is formed by arranging a micro-force in-situ stretcher on an in-situ tensile test platform, and the micro-force in-situ stretcher is connected with an acoustic signal data acquisition system; the microscopic damage observation mechanism is formed by connecting a high-resolution microscope and a high-definition digital camera and arranging the high-resolution microscope and the high-definition digital camera on a microscope object placing table, and the high-resolution microscope and the high-definition digital camera are arranged above the micro-force in-situ stretcher; the weak acoustic signal detection mechanism is provided with an acoustic emission tester, a preamplifier, a signal wire and two micro sensors, wherein the micro sensors are coupled to the surface of a tensile test piece to be tested by using a coupling agent, and one micro sensor is fixed at each of two ends of the tensile test piece to be tested; the sound signal data acquisition system, the high-definition digital camera and the sound emission tester are all connected with the computer, and the sound emission tester is a multi-channel sound emission tester.
In the scheme, the acoustic emission tester is connected with the preamplifier by using a signal line, the preamplifier is connected with the PICO micro sensor, the signal line adopts a BNC coaxial signal line, the preamplifier adopts an 2/4/6-AST preamplifier, and the micro sensor adopts the PICO micro sensor.
The testing method of the acoustic testing platform capable of representing the metal microscopic damage change combines the acoustic technology and the digital image observation technology, and can feed back the damage condition of the test piece in time through the acoustic signal at the initial stage of damage occurrence, which is as follows:
fixing the processed tensile test piece with the surface reaching a metallographic observation grade on a micro-force in-situ stretcher, respectively fixing two micro sensors at two ends of the tensile test piece, performing a lead-breaking experiment to test the sensitivity of the micro sensors, starting the micro-force in-situ stretcher when the micro sensors are qualified, starting to record an acoustic emission signal, and observing a microscopic image of the surface of the test piece shot by a digital camera on a computer; in the stretching process, the in-situ stretching machine controls the loading rate, the digital camera records the microscopic image of the surface of the test piece in the whole stretching process, and the microscopic damage generation process of the test piece in the stretching process is observed and recorded, so that the problem that the in-situ stretching experiment is not reproducible is solved, and the acoustic emission data in the stretching process is recorded. By comparing the characteristics of the acoustic emission signals at different moments and the change condition of the microscopic image on the surface of the test piece corresponding to the moments, an acoustic emission quantitative characterization model of the microscopic damage process of the metal material can be established, and early prediction of the microscopic damage of the metal material by using acoustic emission test data is realized.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the loading rate can be controlled by adopting an in-situ stretcher in an experimental platform, so that the microscopic damage condition of the surface of the test piece can be observed conveniently in the stretching process;
2. the acoustic emission testing technology and the digital image observation technology are combined, so that the whole process of the microscopic damage of the metal material can be recorded in an audio-visual mode, and the microscopic damage of the metal material can be early forecasted by using acoustic data;
3. the acoustic signal parameter and damage mechanism relation is effectively established by combining an acoustic technology and an in-situ stretching technology and combining the real-time change condition of a microscopic damage image under in-situ stretching under the condition of the sudden change of an acoustic emission source signal;
4. the experiment platform can be stopped as needed, and a microscopic damage change graph under in-situ stretching can be captured in time, so that subsequent image analysis is realized;
5. the digital camera in the experimental platform can record the whole stretching process, and the problem that the in-situ stretching experiment is not reproducible is solved.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
High resolution microscope, 1 in fig. 1; 2. a high-definition digital camera; 3. a computer; 4. an acoustic signal data acquisition system; 5. an acoustic emission tester; 6. a preamplifier; 7. a signal line; 8. a micro-force in-situ stretcher; 9. a micro sensor 10, a detected tensile test piece.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the acoustic test platform capable of representing the microscopic damage change of the metal comprises a micro-force in-situ tensile test loading mechanism, a microscopic damage observation mechanism and a weak acoustic signal detection mechanism, wherein the micro-force in-situ tensile test loading mechanism is formed by arranging a micro-force in-situ stretcher 8 on an in-situ tensile test platform, and the micro-force in-situ stretcher 8 is connected with an acoustic signal data acquisition system 4; the acoustic signal data acquisition system 4 is connected with the computer 3, the acoustic signal data acquisition system 4 is a PAC acoustic signal data acquisition system, the computer 3 is provided with AEwin software, a micro-force in-situ stretcher 8 and the acoustic signal data acquisition system 4, and the functions of the system are that the test specimen is stretched at a certain speed and real-time stretching data is recorded.
The microscopic damage observation mechanism is formed by connecting a high-resolution microscope 1 and a high-definition digital camera 2 and arranging the high-resolution microscope 1 and the high-definition digital camera 2 on a microscope object placing table, and the high-resolution microscope 1 and the high-definition digital camera 2 are arranged above a micro-force in-situ stretcher 8; the high-definition digital camera 2 is connected with the computer 3. The upright microscope and the high-definition digital camera 2 have the functions of recording the change condition of microscopic damage of the metal material in the stretching process and transmitting an image result to the main control computer in real time, and the microscope object placing table has the function of facilitating observation of the process of the stretching machine on a tested stretched test piece in the experimental process.
The weak acoustic signal detection mechanism is provided with an acoustic emission tester 5, a preamplifier 6, a signal wire and two micro sensors 9, wherein the micro sensors 9 are coupled to the surface of a tensile test piece 10 to be detected by using a coupling agent, and the two ends of the tensile test piece 10 to be detected are respectively fixed with one micro sensor 9; the acoustic emission tester 5 is connected with the computer 3, and the acoustic emission tester 5 is a multi-channel acoustic emission tester. The acoustic emission tester 5 is connected with a preamplifier 6 by a signal line 7, the preamplifier 6 is connected with a PICO micro sensor, the signal line 7 adopts a BNC coaxial signal line, the preamplifier 6 adopts an 2/4/6-AST preamplifier, and the micro sensor 9 adopts a PICO micro sensor. The weak acoustic signal detection mechanism is used for recording acoustic emission signals generated in the stretching process and transmitting the signals to the computer 3 in real time.
The working process of the acoustic testing platform capable of representing the metal microscopic damage change comprises the following steps:
1. connect the required equipment and debug without errors
Before the in-situ stretching experiment, a high-resolution microscope 1, a micro-force in-situ stretcher 8 and an acoustic emission tester 5 are connected, a power supply is switched on, a proper acoustic emission threshold is selected, the stretching rate is set, and software is debugged.
2. Confirming the working state of the equipment and starting the experiment
Fixing the processed test piece on a micro-force in-situ stretcher 8, fixing micro sensors 9 at two ends of the test piece, performing a lead-breaking experiment to test the sensitivity of the micro sensors 9, starting the stretcher after the micro sensors 9 are qualified, simultaneously starting recording acoustic emission signals, and storing and displaying a microscopic damage image of the surface of the test piece shot by a high-definition digital camera 2 on a computer 3.
The experimental loading is provided with a micro-force in-situ stretcher 8 for carrying out uniaxial tension on the metal material sample at a set speed, the upper limit of the loading load is set, and a data acquisition system for acquiring weak acoustic signals is adopted to collect data. The image recording and AEwin software need to be done simultaneously when the specimen begins to stretch.
3. Record of the Experimental procedures
And (3) observing the change of the characteristic parameters of the acoustic signals and the change of the microscopic damage image on the surface of the test piece all the time from the beginning of stretching to the fracture of the test piece, establishing the relation between the acoustics and the microscopic damage image change in the stretching process, repeating the experiment for many times, and verifying the accuracy of the experiment by comparing the obtained data.
In conclusion, after the experiment, the damage degree can be obtained at the initial stage of metal damage, and the relationship between the acoustic emission data and the microscopic damage mechanism can be obtained, so that a reliable metal microscopic damage model can be established. In the operation of actual equipment, the types of damage are various, and how to effectively identify the types of damage in time is important. By using the experimental method, the relationship between the acoustic emission signal parameters and the damage types can be established, so that the real-time monitoring in important occasions can deal with the damage problem more pertinently, and the early prediction of the damage of the metal material is realized.
Claims (3)
1. An acoustic test platform capable of representing microscopic damage changes of metal is characterized in that: the acoustic test platform capable of representing the metal microscopic damage change comprises a micro-force in-situ tensile test loading mechanism, a microscopic damage observation mechanism and a weak acoustic signal detection mechanism, wherein the micro-force in-situ tensile test loading mechanism is formed by arranging a micro-force in-situ stretcher (8) on an in-situ tensile test platform, and the micro-force in-situ stretcher (8) is connected with an acoustic signal data acquisition system (4); the microscopic damage observation mechanism is formed by connecting a high-resolution microscope (1) and a high-definition digital camera (2) and arranging the high-resolution microscope (1) and the high-definition digital camera (2) on a microscope object placing table, wherein the high-resolution microscope (1) and the high-definition digital camera (2) are arranged above a micro-force in-situ stretcher (8); the weak acoustic signal detection mechanism is provided with an acoustic emission detector (5), a preamplifier (6), a signal wire (7) and two micro sensors (9), wherein the micro sensors (9) are coupled to the surface of a tensile test piece (10) to be detected by using a coupling agent, and the two ends of the tensile test piece (10) to be detected are respectively fixed with one micro sensor (9); the sound signal data acquisition system (4), the high-definition digital camera (2) and the acoustic emission detector (5) are all connected with the computer (3), and the acoustic emission detector (5) is a multi-channel acoustic emission detector.
2. The acoustic test platform capable of characterizing metal mesoscopic damage variations according to claim 1, wherein: the acoustic emission detector (5) is connected with a preamplifier (6) by a signal line (7), the preamplifier (6) is connected with a PICO micro sensor, the signal line (7) adopts a BNC coaxial signal line, the preamplifier (6) adopts an 2/4/6-AST preamplifier, and the micro sensor (9) adopts a PICO micro sensor.
3. A method for testing an acoustic test platform capable of characterizing metal microscopic damage variations according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the acoustic technology and the digital image observation technology are combined, the damage condition of the test piece can be fed back in time through an acoustic signal at the initial stage of damage, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
fixing a processed detected tensile test piece (10) on a micro-force in-situ tensile machine (8), fixing two micro sensors (9) at two ends of the detected tensile test piece (10) respectively, performing a lead-breaking experiment to test the sensitivity of the micro sensors (9), starting the micro-force in-situ tensile machine (8) and recording an acoustic emission signal after the micro sensors (9) are qualified, and reflecting a microscopic image of the surface of the test piece shot by a high-definition digital camera (2) on a computer (3); in the stretching process, the micro-force in-situ stretching machine (8) controls the loading rate, the high-definition digital camera (2) records the stretching process, the change of the microscopic image on the surface of the test piece is convenient to observe in the stretching process, the problem that the in-situ stretching experiment is not reproducible is solved, and once the signal of the acoustic emission source suddenly changes, the real-time change condition of the microscopic image on the surface of the test piece under in-situ stretching is combined, and the relation between the acoustic signal parameter and the damage mechanism is effectively established.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN113063789A (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2021-07-02 | 山东建筑大学 | Shield tunnel segment interior micro-damage detection device and method |
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Application publication date: 20200117 |