CN106813993B - Fatigue test component state monitoring method based on sound-ultrasound and sound emission technology - Google Patents
Fatigue test component state monitoring method based on sound-ultrasound and sound emission technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN106813993B CN106813993B CN201710026054.9A CN201710026054A CN106813993B CN 106813993 B CN106813993 B CN 106813993B CN 201710026054 A CN201710026054 A CN 201710026054A CN 106813993 B CN106813993 B CN 106813993B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
- G01N3/06—Special adaptations of indicating or recording means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
- G01N2203/0064—Initiation of crack
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
- G01N2203/0066—Propagation of crack
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0658—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using acoustic or ultrasonic detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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Abstract
The invention discloses a component fatigue test data monitoring method based on sound-ultrasound and sound emission technologies. The monitoring system is communicated with the fatigue testing machine, and the switching circuit realizes automatic switching of the sound-ultrasonic detection mode and the sound emission monitoring mode according to the working state of the fatigue testing machine; the four piezoelectric transducers arranged on the tested piece are utilized to realize the sound-ultrasonic detection and the sound emission monitoring, and the component crack data monitoring in the loading and unloading processes and the component performance state data detection in the static load process of the fatigue testing machine are automatically completed. The invention provides a more comprehensive automatic monitoring scheme for component crack and mechanical property data in the fatigue test process, and provides richer test data for component fatigue tests and research on material fatigue damage characteristics.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for acquiring and monitoring component fatigue test data, in particular to a method for monitoring component fatigue test data based on sound-ultrasound and sound emission technologies.
Background
Fatigue fracture is one of the main forms of failure of mechanical components. When the mechanical member bears alternating load or strain, local stress change and internal defect development are caused, so that the mechanical property is reduced, and even the member is subjected to fatigue fracture, thereby causing safety accidents. For this reason, there is a pressing need to perform fatigue tests on key components of important equipment and to intensively study the fatigue characteristics thereof.
The data acquisition in the fatigue test about fatigue cracks and component performance is mainly based on visual inspection and simple measurement, namely, whether the tested piece has cracks or not is observed by naked eyes, or the size of the cracks is detected by stopping the machine and using a micrometer and the like. The methods have the limitations of low efficiency, difficulty in realizing automation and the like, are difficult to acquire the data of the whole process of fatigue crack initiation, expansion and fracture, and have single acquired data type. In order to realize the real-time monitoring of the fatigue cracks, patent documents with an authorization publication number of CN203572806U and an authorization publication date of 2014, 4 and 30 disclose an online fatigue crack detection system, which can monitor the initiation and the propagation of the fatigue cracks in real time and can acquire image signals of the fatigue cracks in real time through a microscopic image acquisition device. Patent documents with application publication number CN102253087A and publication date of 2011, 11/23 disclose an automatic fatigue crack propagation rate measuring device and method, which obtain fatigue crack propagation parameters of a sample by measuring the condition that a fracture line is sequentially fractured along with the propagation of fatigue cracks in the sample, and obtain the fatigue crack propagation rate through the processing of an industrial personal computer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a member fatigue test data monitoring method based on sound-ultrasound and acoustic emission technologies, which can monitor the fatigue crack initiation and propagation of a tested piece in a fatigue test in the loading and unloading processes through the acoustic emission technology, and can detect the state information and the mechanical property information of the test piece crack in the static loading process of the fatigue test through the sound-ultrasound technology.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a monitoring device adopted by the method comprises a fatigue testing machine, a tested piece, an industrial personal computer, four piezoelectric transducers, an ultrasonic signal generator, an acoustic emission acquisition card and a switching circuit. Four piezoelectric transducers are respectively installed at two ends and two sides of a tested piece, a coupling agent is filled between each piezoelectric transducer and the tested piece, an ultrasonic signal generator is connected with two piezoelectric transducers at one end of a test piece through a switching circuit, two piezoelectric transducers at the other end of the tested piece are connected with an acoustic emission acquisition card through a band-pass filter and a preamplifier, the acoustic emission acquisition card is connected with an industrial personal computer, the industrial personal computer is communicated with a fatigue testing machine, and the industrial personal computer can control the work of the switching circuit by acquiring the working state of the fatigue testing machine.
The switching circuit is shown in fig. 3 and comprises a controller, a resistor R, NPN transistor, a diode, and a relay. Wherein the controller links to each other with the industrial computer, and the fixed contact end of switch K1, K2 links to each other with two piezoelectric transducer of test piece one end respectively, and contact a, c end link to each other with ultrasonic signal generator, and contact b, d end link to each other with the wave filter, and it is its initial condition that switch K1, K2 are closed with contact b, d respectively, and wherein switch K1, K2 can be switched by hand. When a tested piece is loaded, the industrial personal computer communicates with the fatigue testing machine to know that the fatigue testing machine is in a loading state, and sends a waiting instruction to the controller, the relay coil is not electrified, the switches K1 and K2 do not act, the monitoring system is in an acoustic emission monitoring mode, when the tested piece is in a static load state, the industrial personal computer can know that the fatigue testing machine is in the static load state, and send an action instruction to the controller, the relay coil is electrified, the switches K1 and K2 act, and the monitoring system is in an acoustic-ultrasonic detection mode.
When the tested piece is loaded, the monitoring system is in an acoustic emission monitoring mode, acoustic emission signals generated by fatigue crack initiation and expansion in the tested piece are collected in real time through a piezoelectric transducer, are filtered by a band-pass filter and amplified by a preamplifier, are received by an acoustic emission acquisition card and are transmitted to an industrial personal computer for storage, when the tested piece is statically loaded, the monitoring system is switched to an acoustic-ultrasonic detection mode, an ultrasonic signal generator generates an excitation signal, the excitation signal is converted into ultrasonic waves by the piezoelectric transducer connected with the ultrasonic transducer and is transmitted into the tested piece, then the ultrasonic waves are transmitted into the piezoelectric transducer at the other end of the tested piece, are filtered by the band-pass filter and amplified by the preamplifier, are received by the acoustic emission acquisition card and are transmitted to the industrial personal computer for storage.
The test is finished by carrying out loading circulation on the tested piece until the test piece is broken. And extracting the acoustic emission signal and the acoustic-ultrasonic signal recorded in the industrial personal computer, and respectively analyzing and processing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method can automatically complete the monitoring of the crack data of the component in the loading and unloading processes of the fatigue testing machine and the detection of the performance state data of the component in the static load process, and can acquire the information such as the distribution condition of the fatigue cracks, the growth rate of the number of the cracks, the change condition of the mechanical property of the tested piece in the testing process and the like through analyzing and processing the acquired acoustic emission and acoustic-ultrasonic signals. Therefore, the dynamic evaluation can be carried out on the tested piece, and more comprehensive test data is provided for the component fatigue test and the material fatigue damage research.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fatigue test monitoring system;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a piezoelectric transducer arrangement;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a switching circuit;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an acoustic emission monitoring mode;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an acoustic-ultrasonic testing mode.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in the figures 1 and 2, the monitoring device adopted in the method for monitoring the component fatigue test data based on the sound-ultrasonic and sound emission technology comprises a fatigue testing machine (1), a tested piece (2), an industrial personal computer (5), a piezoelectric transducer I (9), a piezoelectric transducer II (10), a piezoelectric transducer III (11), a piezoelectric transducer IV (12), an ultrasonic signal generator (4), a sound emission acquisition card (6) and a switching circuit (3). Four piezoelectric transducers are installed respectively as shown in figure 2 by test piece (2) both ends and both sides, piezoelectric transducer and by packing the couplant between the test piece, ultrasonic signal generator (4) are connected through piezoelectric transducer I (9) of switching circuit (3) and test piece (2) one end, piezoelectric transducer III (11), piezoelectric transducer II (10) of the other end of the test piece, piezoelectric transducer IV (12) are through band-pass filter (8), preamplifier (7) are connected with acoustic emission collection card (6), acoustic emission collection card (6) are connected with industrial computer (5), industrial computer (5) and fatigue testing machine (1) establish the communication.
As shown in fig. 3, the switching circuit includes a controller (31), a resistor (32), an NPN transistor (33), a diode (34), and a relay (35), when a test object is loaded, a wait command is sent from an industrial personal computer (5) to the controller (31), the controller (31) inputs a low level to the circuit, a relay coil is not energized, switches K1 and K2 are respectively in contact with contacts b and d, the apparatus is in an acoustic emission monitoring mode as shown in fig. 4, when the test object is statically loaded, an operation command is sent from the industrial personal computer (5) to the controller (31), the controller (31) inputs a high level to the circuit, the relay coil is energized, the switches K1 and K2 are respectively in contact with contacts a and c, and the apparatus is in an acoustic-ultrasonic detection mode as shown in fig. 5.
The following will explain the specific implementation of the present invention by taking an aluminum alloy test piece as an example. The ultrasonic signal generator (4) that this example adopted is that the excitation frequency range is 100kHz-1MHz, excitation voltage is 300V, piezoelectric transducer central frequency is 500KHZ, band pass filter central frequency is 1050KHz, and the passband width is 1.9MHz, PCI-2 signal acquisition card is chooseed for use in acoustic emission signal acquisition card (6), preamplifier (7) chooses for use the 2/4/6 type, and the magnification selects 40 times, and the couplant chooses for use vaseline.
Firstly, debugging and calibrating a sound-ultrasonic detection mode and a sound emission monitoring mode, wherein the specific process comprises the following steps: manually closing a relay switch to enable the monitoring system to be in an acoustic-ultrasonic detection mode, generating a 500kHz sine periodic signal through an ultrasonic signal generator (4) to excite a piezoelectric transducer I (9) and a piezoelectric transducer III (11), observing receiving signals of the piezoelectric transducer II (10) and a piezoelectric transducer IV (12), and adjusting the coupling states of the piezoelectric transducer I (9), the piezoelectric transducer II (10), the piezoelectric transducer III (11) and the piezoelectric transducer IV (12) to enable the amplitude of the receiving signal to be maximum; and then, manually resetting a relay switch to enable the monitoring system to be in an acoustic emission monitoring mode, and adjusting each parameter in acoustic emission software by using a lead-breaking experiment to enable received signal energy to be maximum.
According to the axial force control method for the fatigue test of GB/T3075-2008 metal materials, the standard sample with the rectangular section as shown in FIG. 2 is adopted, and the maximum stress sigma is measured in the operation interface of the fatigue testing machinemax□ set at 100KN, stress ratio, sine wave waveform selected, and frequency set at 2.5Hz, wherein the stress ratio R represents any single cycle in the fatigue testMinimum stress σ ofmin□ and maximum stress σmax□ ratio. Next, fatigue tests and data monitoring of the fatigue tests were started.
When a tested piece (2) is loaded, the industrial personal computer (5) communicates with the fatigue testing machine (1) to know that the fatigue testing machine (1) is in a loading state, the industrial personal computer (5) sends a waiting command to the controller (31), the switching circuit (3) does not act, the monitoring system is in an acoustic emission monitoring mode, acoustic emission signals generated by fatigue crack initiation and expansion in the tested piece are collected in real time through the piezoelectric transducer I (9), the piezoelectric transducer III (11), the piezoelectric transducer II (10) and the piezoelectric transducer IV (12), are amplified through the band-pass filter (8) and the preamplifier (7), are received by the acoustic emission acquisition card (6), and are transmitted to the industrial personal computer (5) for storage.
When a tested piece is in static load, the industrial personal computer (5) is communicated with the fatigue testing machine (1) to know that the fatigue testing machine (1) is in a static load state, the industrial personal computer (5) sends an action command to the controller (31), the switching circuit (3) acts, the monitoring system enters an acoustic-ultrasonic detection mode, the ultrasonic signal generator (4) sequentially generates excitation signals for the piezoelectric transducer I (9) and the piezoelectric transducer III (11) and transmits the excitation signals into the tested piece (2), then the piezoelectric transducer II (10) and the piezoelectric transducer IV (12) for receiving the acoustic-ultrasonic signals receive the acoustic-ultrasonic signals, the signals are filtered by the band-pass filter (8) and amplified by the preamplifier (7), received by the acoustic emission acquisition card (6) and then transmitted to the industrial personal computer (5) for storage.
And finally, carrying out loading circulation of the fatigue test until the test piece is broken or the set circulation times are reached, and finishing the test. And extracting the acoustic emission signal and the acoustic ultrasonic signal recorded in the industrial personal computer, and analyzing the crack state change and the component performance change in the subsequent component fatigue test process.
Claims (1)
1. A component fatigue test data monitoring method based on sound-ultrasound and acoustic emission technology is characterized in that an adopted monitoring device comprises a fatigue testing machine (1), a tested piece (2), an industrial personal computer (5), piezoelectric transducers I (9), piezoelectric transducers II (10), piezoelectric transducers III (11), piezoelectric transducers IV (12), an ultrasonic signal generator (4), an acoustic emission acquisition card (6) and a switching circuit (3), wherein the four piezoelectric transducers are respectively installed at two ends and two sides of the tested piece (2), the ultrasonic signal generator (4) is connected with the piezoelectric transducers I (9) and the piezoelectric transducers III (11) at one end of the tested piece (2) through the switching circuit (3), and the piezoelectric transducers II (10) and the piezoelectric transducers IV (12) at the other end of the tested piece (2) are connected through a band-pass filter (8), Preamplifier (7) is connected with acoustic emission acquisition card (6), industrial computer (5) is connected with acoustic emission acquisition card (6) to establish the communication with fatigue testing machine (1), industrial computer (5) is according to the mode of operation of fatigue testing machine (1), control switching circuit (3), automatic switch sound-ultrasonic detection and acoustic emission monitoring mode, when to being tested piece (2) loading, monitoring system is in acoustic emission monitoring mode, through piezoelectricity transducer I (9), piezoelectricity transducer II (10), piezoelectricity transducer III (11) and piezoelectricity transducer IV (12), acoustic emission data that acoustic emission acquisition card (6) real-time collection was produced because fatigue crack sprouts, the extension in being tested piece (2), when being tested piece (2) static load, monitoring system switches to sound-ultrasonic detection mode successively, through supersound signal generator (4) to piezoelectricity transducer I (9), The piezoelectric transducer III (11) generates an excitation signal and transmits the excitation signal into the tested piece (2), then the piezoelectric transducer II (10) and the piezoelectric transducer IV (12) for receiving the acoustic-ultrasonic signal respectively receive the acoustic-ultrasonic signal, the collected acoustic emission and acoustic-ultrasonic data are stored in the industrial personal computer (5), and the change data of the crack and fatigue characteristics of the tested piece (2) are obtained through data processing.
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| CN107340229A (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2017-11-10 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of experimental provision and method for testing coal and rock dynamics |
| CN109975134A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-07-05 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of torsional fatigue damage check test platform |
| CN110261480B (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2024-03-12 | 中国工程物理研究院化工材料研究所 | System and method for rapidly testing acoustic emission response performance of piezoelectric material |
| CN111323317B (en) * | 2020-04-13 | 2020-12-22 | 北京大学 | High-frequency fatigue test device and method based on piezoelectric double-stack resonance driving |
| CN111537599B (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2024-03-19 | 中国特种设备检测研究院 | Magneto acoustic emission detection method for fatigue damage of ferromagnetic metal component |
| CN113252794B (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-11-16 | 沈阳工业大学 | Acoustic emission crack monitoring method and system |
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| JP5482119B2 (en) * | 2009-11-10 | 2014-04-23 | 株式会社Ｉｈｉ | Fatigue damage evaluation method and apparatus |
| CN201637722U (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2010-11-17 | 北京工业大学 | Metallic material early-period fatigue damage nonlinear ultrasonic on-line detection device |
| CN203572806U (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2014-04-30 | 天津工程机械研究院 | On-line fatigue crack detection system |
| CN203745428U (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2014-07-30 | 长沙理工大学 | Microcrack nondestructive test device |
| CN204758542U (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-11-11 | 上海市特种设备监督检验技术研究院 | Detection apparatus for metallic structure's crackle |
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