CN105265354A - Method for selecting single hybrid of Bastard halibut - Google Patents

Method for selecting single hybrid of Bastard halibut Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105265354A
CN105265354A CN201510471464.5A CN201510471464A CN105265354A CN 105265354 A CN105265354 A CN 105265354A CN 201510471464 A CN201510471464 A CN 201510471464A CN 105265354 A CN105265354 A CN 105265354A
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family
gynogenesis
parent
fish
selection
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刘海金
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BEIDAIHE CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL STATION CHINESE ACADEMY OF FISHERY SCIENCES
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BEIDAIHE CENTRAL EXPERIMENTAL STATION CHINESE ACADEMY OF FISHERY SCIENCES
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Priority to CN201510471464.5A priority Critical patent/CN105265354A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for selecting single hybrid of Bastard halibut. The method comprises the following steps of selecting wild parent fishes, inducing gynogenesis, optimizing families of gynogenesis, inducing fake milter, and mating. The beneficial effects of the method are that, selection of single hybrid of Bastard halibut comprises firstly inducing gynogenesis of different parent fishes to obtain families of gynogenesis having genetic similarity coefficient high than 90.0 %, so as to quickly establishing inbred lines, progeny being distinct in heterosis and uniform can be obtained through crossing the families of gynogenesis, so that single hybrid of fish can be created.

Description

A kind of selection of lefteye flounder single cross hybrid
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of aquatic organism, be specifically related to a kind of selection of lefteye flounder single cross hybrid.
Background technology
Lefteye flounder (Paralichthysolivaceus), have another name called step, Zuo Kou, left avertence, tooth sheet etc., be under the jurisdiction of Pleuronectiformes (Pleuronectiformes), lefteye flounder section (Bothidae), Paralichthys, mainly be distributed in Far-east Area of Russia, Japan, Korea S and China coast, belong to indigenous kind.It is individual large, and growth is fast, delicious flavour, the dark favor by East Asia various countries.
Lefteye flounder female individuals is large, and male is little, female heavier by 20% than male in an age fish, female heavier by more than 30% than male in two age fishes; Propagating artificially under condition, female individuals only accounts for 30-40%, and male accounts for 60-70%.Therefore, realize full feminisation, there is important industry meaning.In seed selection lefteye flounder improved seeds process, often adopt the method for crossbreeding.Crossbreeding is the common method of animals and plants breeding, refers to different population, difference genehybridize between type individuality, and be bred as the method for kind of isozygotying by selecting in its hybrid generation.Hybridization can make the recombination of genes of parents, forms various different type; The excellent genes that parents can be controlled various trait by genetic recombination is incorporated into one, produces the type exceeding parent in each this proterties.Crossbreeding requires that parent heritability is strong, have special genetic character, and homozygosity is higher, the feature such as not easily separated after hybridization.For this reason, generally take the method for first isozygotying, namely first carry out the inbreeding of several generations, be hybridized after making proterties fixing.What in inbreeding method, effect was best is exactly sib mating, but the algebraically needed is more, and the cycle is longer.On crop, conventional inbred line carries out hybridizing and obtaining new varieties.Single cross hybrid (singlehybrid) belongs to the one of crossbreed, is obtained by two hybridizations between selfed lines.Single cross hybrid has two major features, and one is that heterosis, hybrid vigor is obvious, shows powerful vitality; Two is that proterties is neat, and hereditary uniformity is high, is one of Main Means of seeding corn and other crops seed selection new varieties.Animal is difficult to set up inbred line, therefore, the more difficult foundation of new varieties.But mostly fish are oviparity, row is in vitro fertilization, and a lefteye flounder gynogenesis generation is equivalent to 9-10 for full-sib mating, and genetic similarity reaches more than 0.9, is equivalent to an inbred line.Our reference crop breeding method, creatively hybridizes by two gynogenesis familys, sets up fish single cross hybrid, shorten the seed selection cycle significantly, play hybrid vigour, obtained good economic characters, present the superiority that other existing breeding methods are incomparable.
Summary of the invention
In order to improve breeding effect and shorten the seed selection cycle, the invention provides a kind of selection of lefteye flounder single cross hybrid, selection of the present invention can play hybrid vigour, improve growth rate and the growth vigor of lefteye flounder, and specification is consistent, easily raises, has gynoecy simultaneously.
The selection of a kind of lefteye flounder single cross hybrid of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
1) select wild parent population: select physically fit, build is tall and big, the obvious wild female lefteye flounder of decorative pattern is as parent;
2) gynogenesis is induced: to the parent population picked out, carry out induction gynogenesis respectively;
3) seed selection gynogenesis family: set up gynogenesis family respectively, and by different gynogenesis familys according to growth rate and emergence rate sequence;
4) pseudo-milter induction: emergence rate sequence is separated a part in the gynogenesis family in prostatitis and carries out pseudo-milter induction, obtains heredity in as female and functionally just sort for male pseudo-milter family and according to survival rate;
5) combo: the optimum maternal family selected and optimum male parent family are carried out assembly, obtains lefteye flounder single cross hybrid.
The present invention is before combo, induction gynogenesis also sets up family, fitst water maternal family and fitst water male parent family is screened in different gynogenesis familys, the genetic similarity of parent can be improved, and make it have higher genetic stability, thus guarantee that the single cross hybrid after combo has larger hybrid vigour.Experimental data by analysis, the genetic similarity in gynogenesis family is more than 90.0%.
Preferably, step 1) in select the wild female lefteye flounder in 3 ~ 5 ages, build is tall and big, and speckle is obvious, and body weight is not less than 2 kilograms.The parent population biologically active of described feature is stronger, is more conducive to the carrying out of testing.
Preferably, step 2) in gynogenesis family use deactivation porgy sperm to lefteye flounder parent population induction gynogenesis.This belongs to conventional prior art in industry, just repeats no more at this.
Preferably, step 3) in screening outstanding maternal family index comprise: incubation rate, growth rate.Family sequence is carried out, to evaluate the quality of family according to These parameters.
Preferably, step 4) in screening outstanding male parent family index be: pseudo-milter survival rate and growth rate.
The detailed process of above-mentioned screening is, the first growth rate according to different family and conformation trait, as important indicator, sort to all gynogenesis familys, filters out the family that growth rate is the fastest and build is good and the family differed from one another; Then the forward some thelykaryon familys of sequence are carried out pseudo-milter induction respectively, then with pseudo-milter survival rate for standard, select the highest gynogenesis family of survival rate as outstanding male parent family.Finally can obtain optimum maternal family and optimum male parent family.Because any one gynogenesis family is all obtained by induction gynogenesis by different female parents, therefore in any one gynogenesis family, all there is very high genetic similarity, thus ensure that the genetic stability in parent's family.Again because the hereditary difference between different gynogenesis family is comparatively large, therefore, hybridization can obtain larger hybrid vigour.
For the parent population laid eggs, first trimester of laying eggs, carries out accelerating cultivation to it, and nurturing an environment is: seawater salinity is 25 ~ 33 ‰, and dissolved oxygen concentration is greater than 6mg/L, and water temperature is 9 ~ 14 DEG C, and illuminance is 500 ~ 1500lux; Use chilled trash fish for bait, day feeding rate be 3 ~ 7%, every day 1 ~ 2 time; Parent population water is sand filter water, day quantity of exchanged water 100%, remove contamination every day and inhale the end, keep water quality pure and fresh, cultivate density domination at 2 ~ 5kg/m 2.During parent fish rearing, water temperature controls at 12 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, optimum water temperature 14 DEG C ~ 16 DEG C; Salinity 27 ~ 33 ‰, illumination is at below 10000lux, and flowing water is cultivated.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, the final economic characters of single cross hybrid and the selection of parent have close ties, the present invention is when carrying out the seed selection of lefteye flounder single cross hybrid, creatively different parent population is first carried out gynogenesis induction, genetic similarity in the gynogenesis family obtained more than 90.0%, thus ensure that the genetic stability of parental population.
2, the induction gynogenesis technology of the present invention's use, purifying individual in gynogenesis family can be realized fast, improve the genetic similarty between individuality in family, shorten the seed selection cycle significantly, obtaining highly purified breeding material expeditiously, is a kind of very important technological means for fish breeding.
3, the single cross hybrid that finally obtains of the present invention is excellent by two growth traits and in family, genetic similarity is high gynogenesis family is hybridized and formed, and between two gynogenesis familys, hereditary difference greatly, can obtain larger hybrid vigour.
4, because the present invention parent used is gynogenesis offspring, only containing female Sex determination gene, so the lefteye flounder single cross hybrid finally cultivated is also only containing female Sex determination gene, in normal breeding process, the ratio of raun is up to more than 90%.
5, the lefteye flounder single cross hybrid that the present invention obtains has the advantage of fast growth, than common lefteye flounder growth fast 35%.In addition, neat specification and easy raising is also had to wait good characteristic.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the seed selection schematic flow sheet of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the pcr amplification result figure that lefteye flounder single cross hybrid uses Poli151TUF mark.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the invention provides a kind of selection of lefteye flounder single cross hybrid.Below by specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
A selection for lefteye flounder single cross hybrid, comprises the following steps:
1) select wild parent population: select physically fit, build is tall and big, the obvious wild female lefteye flounder of speckle is as parent; In general, select the parent population in 3 ~ 5 ages, and raun body weight is not less than 2 kilograms, milter body weight is not less than 1.2 kilograms.In the present embodiment, from 118 tail Wild Paralichthys olivaceus, select 20 tails as parent population, volume is 1 ~ No. 20.
It should be noted that, as the visible physical characteristic of lefteye flounder, presence or absence and the quantity of body surface black speckle are also put in screening criteria, generally in lefteye flounder wild population, body surface has the individual proportion of black speckle to be about 45%, cultivates veteran fisherman and thinks that speckle significantly grows soon.20 tail lefteye flounders selected by the present embodiment, body surface all has black speckle.
2) seed selection gynogenesis family: to the parent population picked out, uses deactivation porgy sperm to induce gynogenesis respectively, sets up gynogenesis family and different gynogenesis familys numbered; In the gynogenesis family cultivating process of the present embodiment, pay close attention to the index such as incubation rate, growth rate.Therefore, according to growth rate sequence, select the gynogenesis family of top ten as the candidate parent of the pseudo-milter of induction, concrete data refer to table 1.1:
The induction of table 1.1 gynogenesis and pseudo-milter inductivity sequencing table
3) pseudo-milter induction: the some individuals of forward for described sequence 10 gynogenesis familys is induced pseudo-milter from 30 ages in days.Induce pseudo-milter to use high temperature breeding method, namely cultivate 60 with 28 DEG C from 30 ages in days, become in heredity as female and be functionally male " pseudo-milter ".After high temperature induction is cultivated, screen according to induction survival rate, concrete data refer to table 1.1.
4) single cross parent seed selection: index screening is carried out to the forward gynogenesis family of sequence, selects optimum male parent family and optimum maternal family respectively; It should be noted that, the index of screening optimum maternal family comprises: growth rate, emergence rate etc., has taken into account other economic characters and fertility simultaneously; The index of screening optimum male parent family is pseudo-milter survival rate, growth rate, and wherein most important index is pseudo-milter survival rate.
In the present embodiment, using the highest 0021 family of gynogenesis survival rate as optimum maternal family, using the pseudo-milter of the highest 0679 family of pseudo-milter survival rate as optimum male parent family.
5) combo: the optimum male parent family selected and optimum maternal family are carried out assembly, obtains lefteye flounder single cross hybrid.
The lefteye flounder single cross hybrid obtained in the present embodiment, every urosome table has black speckle, this also from a side illustration the present embodiment genetic stability better.
In the present embodiment, the important technological parameters of employing is:
Lay eggs parent population at first trimester of laying eggs, carries out accelerating cultivation, nurturing an environment is: seawater salinity is 25 ~ 33 ‰, and dissolved oxygen concentration is greater than 6mg/L, and water temperature is 9 ~ 14 DEG C, and illuminance is 500 ~ 1500lux; Use the chilled trash fish that with the addition of parent population nutrition fortifier to be bait, day feeding rate be 3 ~ 7%, every day 1 ~ 2 time; Parent population water is sand filter water, day quantity of exchanged water 100%, remove contamination every day and inhale the end, keep water quality pure and fresh, cultivate density domination at 2 ~ 5kg/m 2.
Described parent population nutrition fortifier is commercially available prod, and industry technical staff can directly select to buy as required, and the selection of described parent population nutrition fortifier is prior art, just repeats no more at this.
During Gunther parent fish spawning, water temperature controls at 12 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, optimum water temperature 14 DEG C ~ 16 DEG C; Salinity 27 ~ 33 ‰, illumination is at below 2000lux, and flowing water is cultivated, and fish-egg overflows to outside pond, collects, between the egg-laying period, keep quite, avoid parent population to be disturbed with 80 ~ 100 mesh sieve tulle casees.
Certainly, if no special instructions, all adopt industry general operation and processing method, just repeat no more at this.
In addition, accompanying drawing 2 is the pcr amplification result that described lefteye flounder single cross hybrid uses Poli151TUF mark, can find out, the genetic stability of described lefteye flounder single cross hybrid is better, can be used as one of characteristic of described lefteye flounder single cross hybrid.
Wherein, the sequence of micro-satellite primers Poli151TUF is:
F: as shown in SEQIDNO:1; R: as shown in SEQIDNO:2;
It should be noted that, the singlehybrid in accompanying drawing 2 is lefteye flounder single cross hybrid, and Meio-Female is that it is maternal, and Meio-Male is its male parent.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is the growth traits contrast of lefteye flounder single cross hybrid, this family of his father, its maternal family and the common lefteye flounder that embodiment 1 obtains.Wherein, common lefteye flounder is commercially available general general kind.
The present embodiment using lefteye flounder single cross hybrid as experiment one group; This family of his father is as experiment two groups; Its maternal family is as experiment three groups; Common lefteye flounder as a control group.Adopt general lefteye flounder cultural method, respectively test experiments one group, test two groups, test that three groups and control group lefteye flounder are long at the body at 12.5 monthly ages, the data of total length and body weight.Table analysis arranged side by side.
Table 2.1 is the contrast of group growth traits respectively
Note: different alphabetical a, b, c represent to have significant difference (P<0.05)
One group of heterosis, hybrid vigor assessment tested by table 2.2
Wherein:
Mid-parent heterosis (super equal advantage) (mid-parentheterosis): the ratio referring to the mean value difference of the output of Hybrids F1 or the numerical value of a certain quantitative character and parents (P1 and P2) same proterties.
Heterosis over higher-parent (overhighparentheterosis): the ratio referring to the output of Hybrids F1 or the numerical value of a certain quantitative character and the same proterties quantity difference of high level parent (HP).
Ultralow close advantage (overlowparentHeterosis): the ratio referring to the output of Hybrids F1 or the numerical value of a certain quantitative character and the same proterties quantity difference of low high level parent (LP).
Heterosis over CK (over-standardheterosis): the ratio referring to the output of Hybrids F1 or the numerical value of a certain quantitative character and local recommended variety or the same proterties quantity difference of check variety (CK).
Heterosis index (indexofheterosis): the ratio referring to the mean value of the output of Hybrids F1 or the numerical value of a certain quantitative character and parents (P1 and P2) same proterties.
Can be clear that from above data, the lefteye flounder single cross hybrid that the present invention cultivates all greatly is better than its parent and common lefteye flounder in genetic stability and growth traits, has very high market popularization value.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, the final economic characters of single cross hybrid and the selection of parent have close ties, the present invention is when carrying out the seed selection of lefteye flounder single cross hybrid, creatively different parent population is first induced gynogenesis, genetic similarity in the gynogenesis family obtained, more than 90.0%, ensure that the genetic stability of parent's family.
2, the induction gynogenesis technology of the present invention's use, can realize the purifying of parent's family rapidly, can shorten the seed selection cycle significantly, obtain highly purified breeding material expeditiously, be a kind of very important mode of reproduction for fish breeding.
3, the single cross hybrid that finally obtains of the present invention is excellent by two growth traits and in family, genetic similarity is higher gynogenesis family is hybridized and formed, and between two gynogenesis familys, hereditary difference is very large, can obtain larger hybrid vigour.
4, because the present invention parent used is gynogenesis offspring, only containing female Sex determination gene, thus the lefteye flounder single cross hybrid finally cultivated also only containing female Sex determination gene, in normal breeding process, the ratio of raun is up to more than 90%.
5, the lefteye flounder single cross hybrid that the present invention obtains has the advantage of fast growth, than common lefteye flounder growth fast 35%.In addition, also have neat specification, survival rate height waits good characteristic.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned preferred forms; anyone can draw other various forms of products under enlightenment of the present invention; no matter but any change is done in its shape or structure; every have identical with the application or akin technical scheme; as comprised all fishs of left-eyed flounder, all drop within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a selection for lefteye flounder single cross hybrid, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1) female parent population is selected: the excellent raun of selection traits is as parent;
2) gynogenesis is induced: to the parent picked out, induce gynogenesis respectively;
3) preferred gynogenesis family: the gynogenesis offspring of every tail is cultivated respectively, namely sets up family, sorts according to the incubation rate of different gynogenesis family and growth rate;
4) pseudo-milter induction: it is individual that the preceding some gynogenesis familys that will sorts respectively take out a part, induces pseudo-milter in units of family, to obtain in heredity as female and be functionally male pseudo-milter family, just carries out family sequence according to survival rate;
5) combo: using outstanding gynogenesis family as female parent, carries out assembly using outstanding pseudo-milter family as male parent, acquires the excellent single cross hybrid of lefteye flounder.
2. selection according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step 1) in select the wild female lefteye flounder in 3 ~ 5 ages, basic standard is fast growth, and build is tall and big, and body weight is not less than 2 kilograms.
3. selection according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step 2) in induction gynogenesis use deactivation porgy sperm to induce parent population.
4. selection according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step 3) in screening outstanding maternal family index comprise: incubation rate, growth rate.
5. selection according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step 4) in screening outstanding male parent family index be: the survival rate of pseudo-milter and growth rate.
6. selection according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step 5) in the method for combo be: classic female parent and classic male parent family or the female parent differed from one another coordinate with male parent family.
7. will use parent population fish-egg before seed selection gynogenesis family, Gunther parent fish spawning first trimester, carry out accelerating cultivation to it, nurturing an environment is: seawater salinity is 25 ~ 33 ‰, and dissolved oxygen concentration is greater than 6mg/L, and water temperature is 9 ~ 14 DEG C, and illuminance is 500 ~ 10000lux; Use chilled trash fish for bait, day feeding rate be 3 ~ 7%, every day 1 ~ 2 time; Parent population water is sand filter water, day quantity of exchanged water 100%, remove contamination every day and inhale the end, keep water quality pure and fresh, cultivate density domination at 2 ~ 5kg/m 2.
8. selection according to claim 6, is characterized in that, with the addition of nutrition fortifier in described parent fish rearing bait, in the hope of obtaining high-quality fish-egg.
9. selection according to claim 1, is characterized in that, during the Gunther parent fish spawning of seed selection gynogenesis family, water temperature controls at 12 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, optimum water temperature 14 DEG C ~ 16 DEG C; Salinity 27 ~ 33 ‰, running water technology.
10. selection according to claim 1, is characterized in that, after preferred gynogenesis family combo, when hatching, the fish-egg of collection, through cleaning and sorting, rejects heavy ovum, leave and take floating egg hatching, hatch fish roe uses 80 order net cages, hatching density 30 × 10 4grain/m 3~ 60 × 10 4grain/m 3, hatching water temperature controls at 14 DEG C ~ 18 DEG C, and salinity 27 ~ 33 ‰, pH value is 7.7 ~ 8.6, and dissolved oxygen is greater than 6mg/L.
CN201510471464.5A 2015-08-04 2015-08-04 Method for selecting single hybrid of Bastard halibut Pending CN105265354A (en)

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