CN105254838B - 一种本体无卤阻燃tpu改性材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种本体无卤阻燃tpu改性材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105254838B
CN105254838B CN201510784097.4A CN201510784097A CN105254838B CN 105254838 B CN105254838 B CN 105254838B CN 201510784097 A CN201510784097 A CN 201510784097A CN 105254838 B CN105254838 B CN 105254838B
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毕燕
段金凤
张旭
肖学文
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Shandong Taixing New Materials Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种本体无卤阻燃TPU改性材料,该材料由聚酯多元醇、异氰酸酯、无卤阻燃剂、扩链剂和极少量环境介质磷酸制成。本发明合成的TPU材料自身无卤阻燃,按照垂直燃烧测试标准检测能够达到UL 94 V0级(1.6mm)的要求,阻燃剂在TPU材料中分散更为均匀,阻燃及各方面性能检测数据更为均一,解决了后改性添加造成的分散不均、阻燃效果不稳定的问题。另外,材料在拉伸、伸长率、回弹、模量方面与纯原料相比,降低幅度仅在12%左右,与市场销售阻燃改性料产品相比各方面性能均高出20%以上,能够满足TPU基材方面高端无卤阻燃客户的需求。

Description

一种本体无卤阻燃TPU改性材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种本体无卤阻燃TPU改性材料及其制备方法,属于阻燃技术领域。
背景技术
热塑性TPU弹性体,硬度范围在65A-85D,颜色有本色,透明,高透明三种,在性能方面不仅拥有卓越的高张力、高拉力、强韧和耐老化的特性,而且是一种成熟的环保材料,是PVC材料最好的环保替代品。目前,随着各领域对环保要求的逐渐提高,由于PVC本身含有较高的氯元素导致其相应的制品应用受到限制,尤其是高端客户如高端汽车内饰、高端壁材等方面均提出了无卤环保的要求,PVC材质已经被限制在该“门槛”之外,而凡是使用PVC的地方,TPU均能成为PVC之替代品,相比较而言TPU所拥有的优点,PVC则望尘莫及。但随着国内外对无卤环保阻燃要求的逐步提高,单纯的TPU制品阻燃效果较差且熔点较低导致在燃烧的过程中特别容易滴落无法满足UL94V0级的要求,各种针对TPU的无卤阻燃剂的开发成为了近年来阻燃行业内的热点之一,但根据近几年市场的发展情况来看,出现了材料的制备厂家与阻燃剂的生产厂家发生了脱节的情况,所有的阻燃剂基本上全部为添加型阻燃剂,也就是在TPU自身材料合成后再添加阻燃剂进行改性,这种方法在一定程度上虽然解决了V0级的阻燃要求,但在很大程度上降低了材料的强韧性、耐张力以及耐老化等优异性能,个别性能数据在添加阻燃剂后降低幅度达到40%以上,很多改性厂家只能在阻燃与其他性能方面进行选择。
发明内容
针对目前在TPU改性方面所存在的情况,该发明旨在选择一种新型的无卤阻燃剂、采用一种新型的方法在TPU合成过程中进行阻燃改性直接制得本体无卤阻燃的材料,在满足阻燃性能的前提下得到较佳的其他方面性能,能够满足高端无卤阻燃制品的要求(要求阻燃及高性能)。
本发明的目的之一是提供一种本体无卤阻燃TPU改性材料,该材料由以下组分及重量份制成:
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种本体无卤阻燃TPU改性材料,该方法适用于制备要求较高的无卤阻燃TPU材料,其制备方法步骤如下:
1)分别将聚酯多元醇在70℃~85℃、异氰酸酯在55℃~70℃进行熔融;
2)将反应釜体升温至70℃-90℃,案板加热至140℃~170℃;
3)将聚酯多元醇投入釜内,投入扩链剂及极少量的环境介质磷酸,使体系磷酸的量在3-5ppm范围内;
4)加入无卤环保阻燃剂进行搅拌混合,通入氮气进行保护,搅拌30min~100min;
5)加入异氰酸酯,进行乳化聚合反应60~80s,物料颜色状态由透明完全变白后将料转入案板熟化;
6)待料块冷却可以粉碎后挤出造粒得到所述的本体无卤阻燃TPU改性材料。
本发明的优选技术方案是:将聚丁二醇己二酸酯在75℃的温度下、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯在65℃的温度下分别进行熔融,然后将反应釜体加热至80℃、案板加热至160℃,然后将100份的聚丁二醇己二酸酯投入釜内,按照计算比例投入17.5份的1,4-丁二醇扩链剂及极少量的环境介质磷酸使体系磷酸的量在3-5ppm范围内,然后按照理论合成TPU原料的量加入20份的市售中粒径小于8μm的HT-219TPU专用无卤阻燃剂进行搅拌混合,通入氮气进行保护,搅拌50min后再按比例加入63份二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,进行乳化聚合80s,反应结束后将料转入案板熟化,料块冷却后粉碎挤出造粒得到最终的本体无卤阻燃的改性料。
优选的,所述的多元醇为聚丁二醇己二酸酯、聚乙二醇己二酸酯、聚丁二醇苯二酸酯等分子量为2000的多元醇均可;
优选的,所述的异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯、2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯等
优选的,所述无卤阻燃剂为中粒径小于8μm的市售HT-219TPU专用无卤阻燃剂、次磷酸铝、叔丁基次膦酸铝、二乙基次膦酸铝、聚磷酸铵等能形成氢键的高效磷系阻燃剂;
优选的,所述扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇等醇类扩链剂。
本发明的有益效果是:合成的TPU材料自身无卤阻燃,按照垂直燃烧测试标准检测能够达到UL 94V0级(1.6mm)的要求,阻燃剂在TPU材料中分散更为均匀,阻燃及各方面性能检测数据更为均一,解决了后改性添加造成的分散不均、阻燃效果不稳定的问题。另外,材料在拉伸、伸长率、回弹、模量方面与纯原料相比,降低幅度仅在12%左右,与市场销售阻燃改性料产品相比各方面性能均高出20%以上,能够满足TPU基材方面高端无卤阻燃客户的需求。
具体实施方式
本发明在聚酯多元醇与异氰酸酯(MDI)反应的过程中加入粒度较细且晶型较为规整的无卤阻燃剂(优选含氢键且不影响反应速度及过程),通过乳化分散增强阻燃剂在原料中的分散性,再通过加入环境介质控制原料的反应速度将阻燃剂直接合成在原料中,最后通过浇注、挤出切粒得到本体无卤阻燃的TPU改性材料。
本发明的TPU改性材料性能指标与市场销售类似产品性能对比情况如表1所示:
表1性能指标对比情况表
实施例1
将聚丁二醇己二酸酯在70℃的温度下、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯在55℃的温度下分别进行熔融备用,然后将反应釜体加热至70℃,熟化案板加热至160℃,然后加入100份的聚丁二醇己二酸酯投入釜内,再投入17.5份的1,4-丁二醇及极少量的环境介质磷酸使体系磷酸的量在3.5ppm,然后加入20份市售HT-219TPU专用无卤阻燃剂(中粒径小于8μm,济南泰星精细化工有限公司,批号1505012)进行搅拌混合,通入氮气进行保护,搅拌50min后加入63份二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,乳化聚合反应80s,反应结束后将料转入案板熟化,待料块冷却、粉碎后挤出造粒得到最终的本体无卤阻燃的TPU改性材料。本实施例的性能指标如表2所示。
表2性能对比表
实施例2
将聚乙二醇己二酸酯(分子量为2000)在75℃的温度下、2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯在65℃的温度下分别进行熔融备用,然后将反应釜体加热至80℃、案板加热至150℃备用,然后加入100份的聚乙二醇己二酸酯投入釜内,投入15份的1,6-己二醇及极少量的环境介质磷酸使体系磷酸的量在3ppm范围内,然后加入15份的聚磷酸铵(n≥1000)进行搅拌混合,通入氮气进行保护,搅拌30min再投入75份2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯,乳化聚合反应60s,反应结束后将料转入案板熟化,待料块冷却、粉碎后挤出造粒得到最终的本体无卤阻燃的改性料。本实施例的性能指标如表3所示。
表3性能对比表
实施例3
将聚已二醇苯二酸酯在85℃温度下、2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯在70℃温度下分别进行熔融备用,然后将反应釜体加热至90℃、案板加热至170℃备用,然后加入100份的聚已二醇苯二酸酯投入釜内,按照计算比例投入17份的新戊二醇及极少量的环境介质磷酸使体系磷酸的量在4ppm范围内,然后按照理论合成TPU原料的量加入10份的叔丁基次膦酸铝进行搅拌混合,通入氮气进行保护,搅拌50min后再投入50份2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯,进行乳化聚合反应70s,反应结束后将料转入案板熟化,待料块冷却、粉碎后挤出造粒得到最终的本体无卤阻燃的改性料。本实施例的性能指标如表4所示。
表4性能对比表
实施例4
将聚丁二醇苯二酸酯在85℃的温度、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯在60℃的温度下分别进行熔融备用,然后将反应釜体加热至75℃、案板加热至140℃,然后将100份的聚丁二醇苯二酸酯投入釜内,再投入20份的1,6-丁二醇及极少量的环境介质磷酸使体系磷酸的量在5ppm,然后按照理论合成TPU原料的量加入20份的二乙基次膦酸铝进行搅拌混合,通入氮气进行保护,搅拌100min后在投入70份二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,进行乳化聚合反应80s,反应结束后将料转入案板熟化,待料块冷却、粉碎后挤出造粒得到最终的本体无卤阻燃的改性料。本实施例的性能指标如表5所示。
表5性能对比表
实施例5
将聚丁二醇苯二酸酯在78℃的温度、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯在67℃的温度下分别进行熔融备用,然后将反应釜体加热至82℃、案板加热至155℃,然后将100份的聚丁二醇苯二酸酯投入釜内,再投入20份的1,4-丁二醇及极少量的环境介质磷酸使体系磷酸的量在4.5ppm,然后按照理论合成TPU原料的量加入20份的次磷酸铝无卤阻燃剂(济南泰星精细化工有限公司,批号1504281,中粒径5.87μm)进行搅拌混合,通入氮气进行保护,搅拌90min后在投入65份二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,进行乳化聚合反应70s,反应结束后将料转入案板熟化,待料块冷却、粉碎后挤出造粒得到最终的本体无卤阻燃的改性料。本实施例的性能指标如表6所示。
表6性能对比表
由以上五个实施例性能指标可以看出,经过该方法阻燃改性的TPU产品阻燃方面可以达到较高的阻燃级别-UL 94V0级,且阻燃性能稳定;另外,由于通过乳化分散,阻燃剂及扩链剂等助剂分散更为均匀,在力学性能方面虽然填充了10%-20%的阻燃剂但在拉伸性能、回弹性能方面降低幅度均控制在12%以内,磨耗的增加幅度也在20%左右,与市场目前传统工艺后添加改性相比,性能提高了近20%以上,满足了TPU高端制品的无卤阻燃要求,突破了进入无卤阻燃、高力学性能的TPU高端应用市场的门槛。

Claims (2)

1.一种本体无卤阻燃TPU改性材料,其特征在于,该材料由以下重量份的原料制成:
其制备步骤如下:
1)分别将聚丁二醇己二酸酯在70℃、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯在55℃进行熔融;
2)将反应釜体升温至70℃,案板加热至160℃;
3)将聚丁二醇己二酸酯投入釜内,投入扩链剂及环境介质磷酸,使体系磷酸的量在3.5ppm范围内;
4)加入HT-219TPU专用无卤阻燃剂进行搅拌混合,通入氮气进行保护,搅拌50min;
5)加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,进行乳化聚合反应80s,物料颜色状态由透明完全变白后将料转入案板熟化;
6)待料块冷却可以粉碎后挤出造粒得到所述的本体无卤阻燃TPU改性材料。
2.权利要求1所述的本体无卤阻燃TPU改性材料的制备方法,其特征在于,制备方法如下:
1)分别将聚丁二醇己二酸酯在70℃、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯在55℃进行熔融;
2)将反应釜体升温至70℃,案板加热至160℃;
3)将聚丁二醇己二酸酯投入釜内,投入扩链剂及环境介质磷酸,使体系磷酸的量在3.5ppm范围内;
4)加入HT-219TPU专用无卤阻燃剂进行搅拌混合,通入氮气进行保护,搅拌50min;
5)加入二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯,进行乳化聚合反应80s,物料颜色状态由透明完全变白后将料转入案板熟化;
6)待料块冷却可以粉碎后挤出造粒得到所述的本体无卤阻燃TPU改性材料。
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