CN105246476A - 含噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮的联合疗法在治疗细菌感染中的应用 - Google Patents
含噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮的联合疗法在治疗细菌感染中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105246476A CN105246476A CN201480031268.XA CN201480031268A CN105246476A CN 105246476 A CN105246476 A CN 105246476A CN 201480031268 A CN201480031268 A CN 201480031268A CN 105246476 A CN105246476 A CN 105246476A
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- HGKANZZLRDQFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-oxazolidin-2-one;1h-quinolin-2-one Chemical class O=C1NCCO1.C1=CC=C2NC(=O)C=CC2=C1 HGKANZZLRDQFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 208000035143 Bacterial infection Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 208000022362 bacterial infectious disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000002648 combination therapy Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- -1 7- (4- {4- [ (5S) -5- (acetylamino-methyl) -2-oxo-oxazolidin-3-yl ] -2-fluoro-phenoxymethyl } -4-phosphoryloxy-piperidin-1-yl) -1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1, 4-dihydro-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid Chemical class 0.000 claims description 87
- 229960003346 colistin Drugs 0.000 claims description 83
- 108010078777 Colistin Proteins 0.000 claims description 81
- JORAUNFTUVJTNG-BSTBCYLQSA-N n-[(2s)-4-amino-1-[[(2s,3r)-1-[[(2s)-4-amino-1-oxo-1-[[(3s,6s,9s,12s,15r,18s,21s)-6,9,18-tris(2-aminoethyl)-3-[(1r)-1-hydroxyethyl]-12,15-bis(2-methylpropyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20-heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptazacyclotricos-21-yl]amino]butan-2-yl]amino]-3-h Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCN)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)CN[C@@H](CCN)C(=O)N[C@H]1CCNC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC1=O.CCC(C)CCCCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCN)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)CN[C@@H](CCN)C(=O)N[C@H]1CCNC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCN)NC1=O JORAUNFTUVJTNG-BSTBCYLQSA-N 0.000 claims description 81
- XDJYMJULXQKGMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N polymyxin E1 Natural products CCC(C)CCCCC(=O)NC(CCN)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CCN)C(=O)NC1CCNC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC1=O XDJYMJULXQKGMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 81
- KNIWPHSUTGNZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N polymyxin E2 Natural products CC(C)CCCCC(=O)NC(CCN)C(=O)NC(C(C)O)C(=O)NC(CCN)C(=O)NC1CCNC(=O)C(C(C)O)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(CCN)NC1=O KNIWPHSUTGNZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 81
- YMDXZJFXQJVXBF-STHAYSLISA-N fosfomycin Chemical compound C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1P(O)(O)=O YMDXZJFXQJVXBF-STHAYSLISA-N 0.000 claims description 46
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- TYZROVQLWOKYKF-ZDUSSCGKSA-N linezolid Chemical compound O=C1O[C@@H](CNC(=O)C)CN1C(C=C1F)=CC=C1N1CCOCC1 TYZROVQLWOKYKF-ZDUSSCGKSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
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- VAAUVRVFOQPIGI-SPQHTLEESA-N ceftriaxone Chemical compound S([C@@H]1[C@@H](C(N1C=1C(O)=O)=O)NC(=O)\C(=N/OC)C=2N=C(N)SC=2)CC=1CSC1=NC(=O)C(=O)NN1C VAAUVRVFOQPIGI-SPQHTLEESA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 150000003952 β-lactams Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
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- MYPYJXKWCTUITO-LYRMYLQWSA-N vancomycin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1OC1=C2C=C3C=C1OC1=CC=C(C=C1Cl)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C(N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(N[C@@H](C3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C=3C(O)=CC=C1C=3)C(O)=O)=O)[C@H](O)C1=CC=C(C(=C1)Cl)O2)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC)[C@H]1C[C@](C)(N)[C@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 MYPYJXKWCTUITO-LYRMYLQWSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- SOVUOXKZCCAWOJ-HJYUBDRYSA-N (4s,4as,5ar,12ar)-9-[[2-(tert-butylamino)acetyl]amino]-4,7-bis(dimethylamino)-1,10,11,12a-tetrahydroxy-3,12-dioxo-4a,5,5a,6-tetrahydro-4h-tetracene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C2=C(N(C)C)C=C(NC(=O)CNC(C)(C)C)C(O)=C2C(O)=C2[C@@H]1C[C@H]1[C@H](N(C)C)C(=O)C(C(N)=O)=C(O)[C@@]1(O)C2=O SOVUOXKZCCAWOJ-HJYUBDRYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 5u8924t11h Chemical compound O1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OC)C[C@H](O[C@@H]2C(=C/C[C@@H]3C[C@@H](C[C@@]4(O3)C=C[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(C)C)O4)OC(=O)[C@@H]3C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]4OC\C([C@@]34O)=C/C=C/[C@@H]2C)/C)O[C@H]1C.C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 IBSREHMXUMOFBB-JFUDTMANSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
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- HZZVJAQRINQKSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Clavulanic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1C(=CCO)OC2CC(=O)N21 HZZVJAQRINQKSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
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- 239000000600 sorbitol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008174 sterile solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007929 subcutaneous injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010254 subcutaneous injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000020 sulfo group Chemical group O=S(=O)([*])O[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000829 suppository Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011885 synergistic combination Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride Natural products C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003831 tetrazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940124597 therapeutic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001113 thiadiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000335 thiazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005919 time-dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011200 topical administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000037317 transdermal delivery Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940086542 triethylamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;hydroxy-[[phosphonatomethyl(phosphonomethyl)amino]methyl]phosphinate Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OP(O)(=O)CN(CP(O)([O-])=O)CP([O-])([O-])=O SOBHUZYZLFQYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 210000003708 urethra Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003932 urinary bladder Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000008215 water for injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZNPOCLHDJCAZAH-UCQKPKSFSA-N zabofloxacin Chemical compound CO\N=C1\CN(C=2C(=CC=3C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN(C=3N=2)C2CC2)F)CC11CNC1 ZNPOCLHDJCAZAH-UCQKPKSFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005850 zabofloxacin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940126085 β‑Lactamase Inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供至少一种噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物与至少一种进一步的抗菌化合物的组合,及其作为药物的用途,尤其用于治疗或预防细菌感染。
Description
本发明提供了至少一种噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合分子与至少一种进一步的抗菌化合物的组合,及其作为药物的应用,特别是对细菌感染的治疗或预防。
长久以来抗菌剂的联合使用一直被用来为危重症病人的初期经验性治疗提供对多个潜在病原体的抗菌活性。联合使用两种或多种抗菌药物的基本原理是三重的:
1.通过实现协同效应,抗菌剂要么补足它们的抗菌谱,要么增强任一抗菌剂的活性。协同作用定义为两种或多种抗菌药物的联合作用,该联合作用显著大于每种抗菌药物单独使用的总和提供的效果。然而,抗菌药物联合使用也可能导致加和作用、无关作用或者拮抗作用。
2.可以降低任一抗菌药物的剂量以降低它们的毒性。
3.两种或多种抗菌剂的使用可以防止或减少对任一抗菌药物耐药性的出现(DowlingH.F.,FinlandM.,HamburgerM.,JawetzE.,KnightV.,LepperMH.H.,MeiklejohnG.,RantzL.A.,RhoadsP.S.抗菌剂的临床联用(Theclinicaluseofantibioticsincombination).AMAArchInternMed1957;99(4):536-538;MoelleringR.C.抗菌剂联合使用的基本原理(Rationaleforuseofantimicrobialcombinations).AnnJMed1983;75(2A):4-8)。在药物耐药性,特别是多药耐药性增加的时期,抗菌药物的联用得以产生。在这些情况下,实现协同作用不再是组合治疗所唯一要求的结果,因为抗菌药物组合的任何临床活性可以比单独每种药物的无活性要有优势。因此,可接受的效果可能是由于组合的加和作用或甚至是无关作用。可接受的结果也可能来自另一种无活性制剂导致某单一活性抗菌药物的性能改进,尤其是在其耐受性不那么好的情况下。在这种情况下,就可能防止活性抗菌药物的耐药性。
因为药敏试验的微生物检测结果通常只在24至72小时之后才可获得,感染的基础治疗是最凭经验的,并且以临床表现为指导。已经证明,对危重症的住院病人感染的经验治疗不足与不良后果有关,包括发病率和死亡率更高以及住院时间的延长。因此,在基础经验抗菌疗法中的一种通常方法(特别是对难以治疗的病原体)是,使用抗菌剂的组合,以拓展抗菌谱。对社区获得型感染和医院获得型感染都是如此(LeekhaS.,TerrellC.L.,EdsonR.S.抗菌剂治疗总则(GeneralPrinciplesofAntimicrobialTherapy);MayoClinProc.2011;86(2):156-167)。
噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物(hybrid)是其中,喹诺酮和噁唑烷酮的药效团通过在生理环境下稳定的接头相结合的化合物。这些化合物是有用的抗菌剂。
噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合抗菌剂及其制备方法披露在例如:WO02059116、WO03002560、WO03031443、WO03032962、WO2005058888、WO2005023801、WO2004096221、WO2007017828、WO2008056335、WO2008062379和WO2009136379中。
目前已经发现,噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合抗菌剂与至少一种进一步的抗菌化合物的组合导致抗菌谱和/或相应药物组合物的抗菌活性方面的意料不到的改进。
本发明提供了如下的组合:
i)至少一种(优选一种)噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物与
ii)至少一种(优选一种)不同于化合物i)的进一步的抗菌化合物。
本发明还提供一种药物组合物,包括:
i)至少一种(优选一种)噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物与
ii)至少一种(优选一种)不同于化合物i)的进一步的抗菌化合物。
本发明另外提供一种多部分的试剂盒,包括:
i)至少一种(优选一种)噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物与
ii)至少一种(优选一种)不同于化合物i)的进一步的抗菌化合物。
本发明的组合(例如,药物组合物和/或多部分试剂盒)可用于治疗和/或预防细菌感染。
较佳地,所述至少一种噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物选自以下所述的化合物:WO02059116、WO03002560、WO03031443、WO03032962、WO2005058888、WO2005023801、WO2004096221、WO2007017828、WO2008056335、WO2008062379和/或WO2009136379。
更佳地,所述噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物为式(I)所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物或水合物,
其中,
A为亚烷基、亚烯基、亚炔基、杂亚烷基、环亚烷基、杂环亚烷基、烷基环亚烷基、杂烷基环亚烷基、亚芳基或亚杂芳基,所有这些基团都可以被取代;
X为CR7或N;
Y为CR6或N;
n为1,2或3;
m为1,2或3;
R1为H、F、Cl、Br、I、OH、NH2、烷基或杂烷基;
R2为H、F或Cl;
R3为H、烷基、烯基、炔基、杂烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、烷基环烷基、杂烷基环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳烷基或杂芳烷基;其中所有基团都可以被1个、2个或更多个卤素原子如F或Cl或氨基所取代;
R4为氢、式PO3R9 2或SO3R10所示基团,或带有至少1个OH、NH2、SO3R10、PO3R9 2或COOH的杂烷基,或天然氨基酸的酯及其衍生物,其中,R9基团各自独立地为:H、烷基、环烷基、芳基或芳烷基,并且,R10为H、烷基、环烷基、芳基或芳烷基;
R5选自下组:
R6为H、F、Cl或OMe;
R7为H、F、Cl、OH、NH2、取代或未取代的烷基或取代或未取代的杂烷基,或者
R3和R7可通过亚烷基、亚烯基或杂亚烷基连接,或者,为环亚烷基或杂环亚烷基的一部分;如果R3不为H并且R7不为H、F、OH、NH2或Cl;并且
R8为C1-6烷基、C1-6杂烷基或杂芳烷基。
术语烷基指饱和直链或支链的烃基,优选含1到10个碳原子的,优选1到6个碳原子,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、正己基、2,2-二甲基丁基、正辛基或正戊基。如本文所定义的任何烷基可被1个、2个或多个取代基取代,例如氟、氯、溴、碘、NH2、OH、SH或NO2。
术语烯基和炔基指不饱和直链或支链烃基(含1个、2个或多个双键和/或三键,烯基优选地含1个或2个双键,炔基优选地含1个或2个三键),优选地,含有2到10个碳原子,优选地含2到6个碳原子,例如:乙烯(乙烯基),丙烯基(烯丙基),异丙烯基,正戊烯基,丁烯基,异戊二烯基或六-2-烯基;乙炔基、丙炔基或丁炔基。如本文定义的任何烯基或炔基可以被1个、2个或多个取代基取代,例如氟、氯、溴、碘、NH2、OH、SH或NO2。
术语杂烷基指如本文所定义的烷基、烯基或炔基,其中1个或多个碳原子被氧、氮、磷或硫原子取代,例如,烷氧基如甲氧基、乙氧基、丙氧基、异丙氧基、丁氧基或叔丁氧基,烷氧基烷基如甲氧基甲基、乙氧基甲基、1-甲氧基乙基、1-乙氧基乙基、2-甲氧基乙基或2-乙氧基乙基,烷基氨基如甲氨基、乙氨基、丙氨基、异丙基氨基、二甲氨基或二乙氨基,烷硫基如甲硫基、乙硫基或异丙硫基或氰基。所述杂烷基也可以指含有酮基的上述基团之一。术语杂烷基进一步地指下列基团,所述基团衍生自羧酸或羧酸酰胺,如乙酰基、丙酰基、乙酰氧基、丙酰氧基、乙酰氨基或丙酰氨基,羧基烷基如羧甲基、羧乙基或羧丙基,羧基烷基酯,烷硫基羧氨基,烷氧基亚氨基,烷基氨基硫代羧氨基(alkylaminothiocarboxyamino)或烷氧基羰基氨基。任何如本文所定义的杂烷基可被1个、2个或多个取代基取代,例如氟、氯、溴、碘、NH2、OH、SH或NO2。
术语环烷基指饱和或部分不饱和的(含1个,2个或多个双键和/或三键)的带有1个、2个或多个环的环状基团,所述环状基团含3个至14个碳环原子,优选5或6到10个碳环原子,例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、四氢化萘、环戊烯基或环己-2-烯基团。如本文所定义的任何环烷基可被1个、2个或多个取代基取代,例如氟、氯、溴、碘、OH、NH2、SH、N3、NO2、烷基如甲基或乙基、杂烷基如甲氧基、甲氨基、二甲氨基或氰化物。
术语杂环烷基指如本文所定义的环烷基,其中1个、2个或更多个碳环原子被1个、2个或更多个氧、氮、磷或硫原子或S(O)1-2基团取代,例如哌啶、吗啉或哌嗪基。
术语烷基环烷基指同时包含按上述定义所述的环烷基和烷基、烯基或炔基的基团,例如烷基环烷基、环烷基烷基,烷基环烯基,烯基环烷基和炔基环烷基。烷基环烷基优选包括环烷基以及1或2个具有1或2至6个碳原子的烷基、烯基或炔基(特别是烷基),所述环烷基包括1个或2个具有3至10个(尤其是3、4、5、6或7)环碳原子的环。
术语杂烷基环烷基指按上述定义所述的烷基环烷基,其中,1个或多个(优选1、2或3)碳原子被氧、氮、硅、硒、磷或硫原子(优选为氧、硫或氮原子)取代。杂烷基环烷基优选含有1或2个具有3至10个(尤其是3、4、5、6或7)个环原子的环,以及,具有1或2至6个碳原子的1个或2个烷基、烯基、炔基或杂烷基(尤其是烷基或杂烷基)。这类基团的实例是烷基杂环烷基、烷基杂环烯基、烯基杂环烷基、炔基杂环烷基、杂烷基环烷基、杂烷基杂环烷基和杂烷基杂环烯基,所述环状基团为饱和的或单不饱和、二不饱和或三不饱和的。
术语芳基指带有1个、2个或更多个环的芳环基,其具有5个至14个碳环原子,优选地为5或6-10个碳环原子,例如苯基或萘基。如本文定义的任何芳基可以被1个、2个或多个取代基取代,例如氟、氯、溴、碘、OH、NH2、SH、N3、NO2,烷基如甲基或乙基,杂烷基如甲氧基、甲氨基、二甲氨基或氰化物。
术语杂环芳基指如本文定义的芳基,其中1个、2个或多个环碳原子被氧、氮、硼、磷或硫原子取代,例如吡啶基、咪唑基、吡唑基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、吡咯基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、噻唑基、异噻唑基、1,2,3-三唑基、1,2,4-三唑基、恶二唑基、噻二唑基、吲哚基、吲唑基、四唑基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基和哒嗪基。
术语芳烷基(或芳基烷基或烷基芳基)指同时包含芳基以及烷基、烯基、炔基和/或环烷基的基团。
术语杂芳烷基(或杂芳基烷基或杂烷基芳基或杂烷基杂芳基)指如本文所定义的芳烷基,其中1个、2个、3个或更多个碳原子被1个、2个、3个或更多个氧、氮、磷或硫原子或S(0)1-2基团取代。
术语“任选取代”,尤其指其中1个、2个、3个或更多个氢原子可以被氟、氯、溴或碘原子或OH基、=O、SH、=S、NH2、=NH、N3或NO2基团取代的基团。其进一步地指可以被1个、2个、3个或更多个未取代的C1-C6烷基、C2-C6链烯基、C2-C6炔基、C1-C6杂烷基、C3-C10环烷基、C2-C9杂环烷基、C7-C12烷基环烷基、C2-C11杂烷基环烷基、C6-C10芳基、C1-C9杂芳基、C7-C12芳烷基或C2-C11杂芳烷基取代的基团。
根据优选的实施例,本文所述的所有烷基、烯基、炔基、杂烷基、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基、杂环烷基、烷基环烷基、杂烷基环烷基、芳烷基以及杂芳烷基可以任选地被取代。
就本发明而言,术语“抗菌药物”、“抗细菌药”、“抗菌剂”、“抗菌制剂”以及“抗菌化合物”具有相同含义。
优选式(I)化合物,其中R1为H。
进一步优选式(I)化合物,其中R2为F或H,更加优选地,R2为F。
更加优选式(I)化合物,其中R3为乙基、2-丙基、C3-C6环烷基(即环丙基、环丁基、环戊基或环己基)、苯基或吡啶基。所有这些基团可以被1个、2个、3个或更多个氟原子或氨基取代。
更加优选式(I)化合物,其中R3为环丙基。
更加优选式(I)化合物,其中R7和R3共同形成式-O-CH2-CH(Me)-
或-O-CH2-CH(Me)-(尤其是-O-CH2-CH(Me)-)所示的桥。其中,优选的手性中心的立体化学是在最终化合物中形成(S)构型的手性中心。
进一步优选式(I)化合物,其中R4为H或式SO3H、PO3H2、CH2OPO3H2或COCH2CH2COOH所示基团。
更优选式(I)化合物,其中R4为天然存在的氨基酸的酯或其衍生物(例如式-COCHR'NH2所示基团或其衍生物,如酯、酰胺或烷基胺,其中R'为天然存在的氨基酸如天冬氨酸、戊二酸、赖氨酸等的侧链;例如二甲基氨基甘氨酸OCOCH2N(CH3)2)。
特别优选式(I)化合物,其中R4为H或PO3H2所示基团。
更优选式(I)化合物,其中R5具有如下结构:
进一步优选式(I)化合物,其中R5具有如下结构:
更优选式(I)化合物,其中R8为C1-6烷基或C1-6杂烷基。
进一步优选式(I)化合物,其中R8为式-CH2NHCOCH=CH芳基、-CH2O杂芳基(特别是-氧杂-3-噁唑)、-CH2NHSO2Me、-CH2NHCOOMe、-CH2NHCOMe、-CH2NHCS2Me、-CH2NHCSMe、-CH2NHCSNH2、-CH2NHCSOMe或-NHCOMe;优选-CH2NHCSMe、-CH2OH或-CH2NHCOMe所示基团。
更优选式(I)化合物,其中R5具有如下结构:
进一步优选式(I)化合物,其中R7为氢、氟、氯或甲氧基,所述甲氧基可以被1个、2个或3个氟原子取代。
特别优选式(I)化合物,其中R7为氢或甲氧基。
更优选式(I)化合物,其中X为N或CH;较佳地,X为CH。
进一步优选式(I)化合物,其中Y为CH。
更优选式(I)化合物,其中n为1或2。
进一步优选式(I)化合物,其中m为2。
进一步优选式(I)化合物,其中n为2且m为2。
更优选式(I)化合物,其中A为C1-6亚烷基、C2-6亚烯基、C2-6亚炔基、C1-6杂亚烷基、环丙烯、环氧化物、氮杂环丙烷、硫代环氧化物、内酰胺或内酯,所述基团均可以是取代的。
进一步优选式(I)化合物,其中A为化学式-O-B-所示基团,其中氧原子连接到苯基或吡啶基上,其中B为C1-4亚烷基、C2-4亚烯基、C2-4亚炔基或C1-4杂亚烷基,所述基团均可以被1个、2个或更多个羟基或氨基取代。
尤其优选的为式(I)化合物,其中A为式-CH2CH2-、-OCH2-、-OCH2CH2-、-SCH2-、-SCH2CH2-、-CH=CH-、-C≡C-、-CH(OH)CH(OH)-或–CH(NH2)CH(OH)-所示基团。
特别优选式(I)化合物,其中B为CH2或CH2CH2。
特别优选的噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合分子为式(II)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,溶剂合物或水合物:
其中余下的基团定义如上所述,在一优选例中,B为CH2或CH2CH2;X为CH,N或C-OMe,并且R3为环丙基或X为CR7,且R7和R3共同形成式-O-CH2-CH(Me)-所示桥,其中手性中心的立体化学(结构)使最终化合物形成(S)构型,n为1、2或3(较佳地为2),m为2且R4为氢原子或式PO3H2所示基团。
更加优选地为式(I)或式(II)化合物的单、二或三钠盐(最优选的是单钠盐)或它们的混合物。特别优选的是式(I)或式(II)化合物的单、二或三钠盐(最优选地是单钠盐),其中R4是PO3H2,或它们的组合。
尤其优选式(II)化合物的单钠盐,其中R3为环丙基基团,X为CH或N,n为2,m为2,R4为PO3H2并且B为CH2。
应当理解,本说明书提到的式(I)或式(II)的某些化合物可具有其中可能只有一种特别在本说明书中提及或描述的互变异构体,由1个或多个手性碳原子导致的不同的几何异构体(其通常表示为顺式/反式异构体或更一般地称为(E)和(Z)异构体)或不同的光学异构体(通常根据Cahn-Ingold-Prelog或R/S体系命名)。此外,一些化合物可显示为多晶型。所有这些互变异构形式、几何或光学异构体(以及外消旋物和非对映体)和多晶型形式都包括在本发明中。
特别优选的式(I)和/或式(II)化合物示例为:
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-[1,8]萘啶-3-羧酸:
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-[1,8]萘啶-3-羧酸:
7-[4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-(2,6-二氨基-己酰氧)-哌啶-1-基]-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-[1,8]萘啶-3-羧酸:
单-[4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-1-(6-羧基-8-环丙基-3-氟-5-氧-5,8-二氢-[1,8]萘啶-2-基)-哌啶-4-基]丁二酸酯:
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸:
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸:
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-8-甲氧基-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸:
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-8-甲氧基-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸:
9-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-8-氟-3-甲基-6-氧-2,3-二氢-6H-1-氧杂-3a-氮杂-非那烯(phenalene)-5-羧酸:
7-(3-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-3-羟基-吡咯烷-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-[1,8]萘啶-3-羧酸:
7-(3-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-3-羟基-吡咯烷-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸:
7-(3-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-3-羟基-吡咯烷-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-8-甲氧基-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸:
7-(3-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-3-羟基-吡咯烷-1-基)-1-环丙基-8-甲氧基-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸:
9-(3-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-3-羟基-吡咯烷-1-基)-8-氟-3-甲基-6-氧-2,3-二氢-6H-1-氧杂-3a-氮杂-非那烯-5-羧酸:
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-氮杂环庚-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸:
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-氮杂环庚-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-[1,8]萘啶-3-羧酸:
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸的钠盐;
7-(4-{4-[5S-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯乙炔基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸:
7-(4-{4-[5S-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯乙炔基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-[1,8]-萘啶-3-羧酸:
7-[4-(2-{4-[5S-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯基}-乙基)-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基]-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸:
以及
1-环丙基-6-氟-7-[4-({2-氟-4-[(5R)-5-(羟甲基)-2-氧-1,3-噁唑烷-3-基]苯氧基}甲基)-4-羟基哌啶-1-基]-4-氧-1,4-二氢喹啉-3-羧酸:
或者是上述化合物的药物上可接受的盐、溶剂合物或水合物。
尤其优选地,至少一种噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合分子选自下组:
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸:
和
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸:
或者其盐,例如:7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸的钠盐。
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸的酸和其盐是活性成分7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸的前药。
对一些动物物种作静脉注射时,7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸(化合物1)的钠盐在小鼠和大鼠迅速转化为活性物质7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸(化合物2)。水性介质中非常良好的溶解性使得(化合物1)可以很容易地使用冷冻干燥法配制。为了提高稳定性并且减少重建时间,化合物1可以,例如,与山梨糖醇和氢氧化钠一起配制,并冻干在小玻璃瓶中。所述冻干物可以通过加入注射用水轻易地重建,并且轻轻摇动以形成黄色无菌溶液用作静脉注射。
较佳地,至少一种进一步的抗菌化合物(ii)选自下组化合物:
-β-内酰胺:
-青霉烯类,包括碳-、硫代和氧杂青霉烯类,例如亚胺培南、美罗培南、厄他培南、比阿培南、法罗培南;
-青霉烯类,包括碳代,如亚胺培南、美罗培南、厄他培南、比阿培南、法罗培南;
-头孢菌素类例如头孢唑林、头孢吡肟、头孢噻肟、头孢西丁、头孢洛林、头孢他啶、头孢吡普、头孢曲松、头孢呋辛和头孢氨苄;
-单菌霉素例如氨曲南,BAL30072;
-青霉素例如青霉素G(苄基青霉素),青霉素V(苯氧基甲基青霉素);酰胺基青霉素例如哌拉西林、美洛西林、阿洛西林;氨基青霉素例如氨苄西林、阿莫西林;异噁唑基青霉素(Isoxazolylpenicillines)例如苯唑西林、氯唑西林、双氯西林、氟氯西林;甲氧西林;舒他西林;替卡西林、羧苄西林、替莫西林;
-β-内酰胺类与β-内酰胺酶抑制剂联用,例如克拉维酸+阿莫西林、舒巴坦+氨苄西林、三唑巴坦+哌拉西林、替卡西林+克拉维酸、头孢他啶+阿维巴坦、头孢洛林+阿维巴坦、亚胺培南+MX-7655、比阿培南+RPX7009、氨曲南+阿维巴坦;
-磷霉素;
-膦胺霉素;
-糖肽类例如替考拉宁、万古霉素;
-脂肽类例如达托霉素;
-脂糖肽类例如特拉万星、奥利万星、达巴万星;
-其他有效抵抗革兰氏阳性细菌例如GSK-1322322、AFN-1252、MUT-056399的制剂;
-多肽例如杆菌肽、粘菌素、短杆菌肽、多粘菌素B、短杆菌素;
-其他的膜作用剂(membrane-actingagents)例如布里新汀(brilicidin)、POL7080、ACHN-975;
-氨基糖苷类例如阿米卡星、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、新霉素、奈替米星、链霉素、妥布霉素;
-氯霉素、甲砜霉素;
-夫西地酸;
-大环内脂类例如阿奇毒素、克拉霉素、红霉素、罗红;
-酮内酯类抗生素例如喹红霉素、那多霉素、泰利霉素、索利霉素;
-林可酰胺类抗生素例如克林霉素、林可霉素;
-链霉杀阳菌素例如达福普汀、奎奴普丁;
-聚酮化合物;
-噁唑烷酮例如利奈唑胺、泰地唑胺、雷得唑来;
-四环素例如脱氧土霉素、盐酸米诺环素、四环素、氧四环素;
-甘氨环素类例如替加环素、奥玛环素;
-II型拓扑异构酶抑制剂:
-喹诺酮(尤其是氟代喹诺酮)例如诺氟沙星、依诺沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、左氧氟沙星、加替沙星、格帕沙星、莫西沙星、德拉沙星、非那沙星、奈诺沙星、氟喹诺酮(Zabofloxacin)、奥泽沙星(Ozenoxacin)、昌欣沙星(Chinfloxacin)、JNJ-Q2、DS-8587、KPI-10、GSK2140944、ACH-702;
-香豆素类例如新生霉素、氯新生霉素(clorobiocin)、库马霉素A;
-硝基咪唑类例如甲硝唑、替硝唑、奥硝唑、尼莫唑;
-叶酸激动剂:
-磺胺类药例如磺胺嘧啶、磺胺多辛、磺胺甲恶唑、柳氮磺胺吡啶;;
-二氨基嘧啶例如乙胺嘧啶、甲氧苄啶;
-安沙霉素:
-利福霉素例如利福平、利福布汀、利福喷丁、利福昔明;
-更多分级:
-截短侧耳素例如BC-3781、BC-7013;
-亮氨酰-t-RNA合成酶抑制剂例如AN3365。
更优选地,所述至少一种进一步的抗菌化合物(ii)选自下组化合物:粘菌素、磷霉素、妥布霉素、环丙沙星、替加环素、亚胺培南、哌拉西林-三唑巴坦、头孢他啶、氨苄西林、头孢曲松、万古霉素、达托霉素、莫西沙星和利奈唑胺。
尤其优选地,所述至少一种更进一步的抗菌化合物(ii)选自下组化合物:粘菌素、磷霉素、氨苄西林、头孢曲松、莫西沙星和利奈唑胺。
根据一个尤其优选的实施例,本发明提供了一种组合和/或一种药物组合物和/或一种多部分试剂盒(kit-of-parts),包括:
i)噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物以及;
ii)一种不同于化合物(i)的进一步的抗菌化合物,
其中,所述噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物选自下组化合物:
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸:
和
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸:
或者其盐、溶剂合物或水合物(例如:7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸的钠盐),并且,其中更进一步的抗菌化合物(ii)选自下组化合物:粘菌素、磷霉素、氨苄西林、头孢曲松、莫西沙星和利奈唑胺。
根据一个更优选的实施例,所述至少一种进一步的抗菌化合物(ii)选自下组化合物:粘菌素和其它聚合阳离子(或多阳离子抗菌剂)例如杆菌肽、短杆菌肽、多粘菌素B、短杆菌素、和氨基糖苷类(例如阿米卡星、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、新霉素、奈替米星、链霉素和妥布霉素)。
尤其优选地,所述进一步的抗菌化合物(ii)为粘菌素。
如果粘菌素或其它聚合阳离子(或多阳离子抗菌剂)例如杆菌肽、短杆菌肽、多粘菌素B、短杆菌素、和氨基糖苷类(例如阿米卡星、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、新霉素、奈替米星、链霉素和妥布霉素)(尤其是粘菌素)用作进一步的抗菌化合物(ii),最好是将本发明的相应药物组合物和/或组合局部用药,例如,用于眼部、耳部、呼吸道、皮肤和软组织、尿道和膀胱、口腔、腹腔或胸腔,或者任何手术部位。它们尤其可用于治疗或预防革兰氏阴性细菌例如肠杆菌科细菌(Enterobacteriaceae)和非发酵菌引起的细菌感染,包括但不限于产生ESBL-和/或AmpC的分离菌株,也可用于治疗或预防由革兰氏阳性菌引起的细菌感染,包括但不限于多药耐药性和/或甲氧西林耐药性葡萄球菌(staphylococci)(例如MRSA或MRSE)、多药耐药性和/或青霉素耐药性链球菌(streptococci)(例如PRSP),以及多药耐药性和/或万古霉素耐药性肠球菌(enterococci)(例如VRE)。
如果粘菌素或其它聚合阳离子(或多阳离子抗菌剂)例如杆菌肽、短杆菌肽、多粘菌素B、短杆菌素、和氨基糖苷类(例如阿米卡星、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、新霉素、奈替米星、链霉素和妥布霉素)(尤其是粘菌素)用作进一步的抗菌化合物(ii),更优选地是将本发明的相应药物组合物和/或组合胃肠外给药。它们尤其可用于治疗或预防革兰氏阴性细菌例如肠杆菌科细菌和非发酵菌引起的细菌感染,包括但不限于生产ESBL-和/或AmpC的分离菌株,也可用于治疗或预防由革兰氏阳性菌引起的细菌感染,包括但不限于多药耐药性和/或甲氧西林耐药性葡萄球菌(例如MRSA或MRSE)、多药耐药性和/或青霉素耐药性链球菌(例如PRSP),以及多药耐药性和/或万古霉素耐药性肠球菌(例如VRE)。此类感染包括心血管、中枢神经系统、循环系统、胃肠道、泌尿生殖系统、腹腔内、下/上呼吸道、骨骼(骨和关节)、以及皮肤和软组织感染,包括糖尿病足。
根据另一优选例,所述至少一种更进一步的抗菌化合物(ii)选自下组:氟代喹诺酮例如诺氟沙星、依诺沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、氧氟沙星、加替沙星、格帕沙星、莫西沙星、德拉沙星、奈诺沙星、氟喹诺酮(Zabofloxacin)、奥泽沙星(Ozenoxacin)、昌欣沙星(Chinfloxacin)、JNJ-Q2、DS-8587、KPI-10、GSK2140944、ACH-702和非那沙星,还有噁唑烷酮类例如利奈唑胺、泰地唑胺和雷得唑来。
进一步更优选地,所述至少一种进一步的抗菌化合物(ii)选自下组:利奈唑胺和莫西沙星。
如果氟代喹诺酮例如诺氟沙星、依诺沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、左氧氟沙星、加替沙星、格帕沙星、莫西沙星、德拉沙星、奈诺沙星、氟喹诺酮(Zabofloxacin)、奥泽沙星(Ozenoxacin)、昌欣沙星(Chinfloxacin)、JNJ-Q2、DS-8587、KPI-10、GSK2140944、ACH-702和非那沙星,还有噁唑烷酮类例如利奈唑胺、泰地唑胺和雷得唑来(尤其是利奈唑胺或莫西沙星)用于进一步的抗菌化合物(ii),本发明相应的药物组合物和/或组合优选用于治疗或预防细菌感染,尤其是由β-内酰胺-,喹诺酮-(包括氟代喹诺酮-),噁唑烷酮-和/或抗多药耐受性细菌引起的那些细菌感染。此类感染包括心血管、中枢神经系统、循环系统、胃肠道、泌尿生殖系统、腹腔内、下/上呼吸道、骨骼(骨和关节)、以及皮肤和软组织感染,包括糖尿病足。
根据另一优选例,所述至少一种进一步的抗菌化合物(ii)选自下组:β-内酰胺例如阿莫西林、氨苄西林、青霉素G(苄基青霉素)、青霉素V(苯氧基甲基青霉素)、哌拉西林、美洛西林、阿洛西林、苯唑西林、氯唑西林、双氯西林、氟氯西林、舒他西林、羧苄西林、替莫西林、替卡西林、亚胺培南、美罗培南、厄他培南、法罗培南、比阿培南、头孢唑林、头孢吡肟、头孢噻肟、头孢西丁、头孢洛林、头孢他啶、头孢吡普、头孢曲松、头孢呋辛和头孢氨苄、氨曲南和BAL30072还有β-内酰胺与β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的组合,例如克拉维酸+阿莫西林、舒巴坦+氨苄西林、三唑巴坦+哌拉西林、替卡西林+克拉维酸、头孢他啶+阿维巴坦、头孢洛林+阿维巴坦、亚胺培南+MX-7655、比阿培南+RPX7009、和氨曲南+阿维巴坦。
更进一步优选地,所述至少一种进一步的抗菌化合物(ii)选自下组:氨苄西林和头孢曲松。
如果β-内酰胺例如阿莫西林、氨苄西林、青霉素G(苄基青霉素),青霉素V(苯氧基甲基青霉素)、哌拉西林、美洛西林、阿洛西林、苯唑西林、氯唑西林、双氯西林、氟氯西林、舒他西林、羧苄西林、替莫西林、替卡西林、亚胺培南、美罗培南、厄他培南、法罗培南、比阿培南、头孢唑林、头孢吡肟、头孢噻肟、头孢西丁、头孢洛林、头孢他啶、头孢吡普、头孢曲松、头孢呋辛和头孢氨苄、氨曲南和BAL30072或β-内酰胺与β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的组合,例如克拉维酸+阿莫西林、舒巴坦+氨苄西林、三唑巴坦+哌拉西林、替卡西林+克拉维酸、头孢他啶+阿维巴坦、头孢洛林+阿维巴坦、亚胺培南+MX-7655、比阿培南+RPX7009、和氨曲南+阿维巴坦(尤其是氨苄西林或头孢曲松)作为进一步的化合物(ii),本发明的相应药物组合物和/或组合优选用于治疗或预防细菌感染,尤其是那些由β-内酰胺和/或多药耐受性革兰氏阳性细菌引起的那些细菌感染,包括但不限于甲氧西林耐药葡萄球菌(例如MRSA,MRSE)和/或青霉素耐药链球菌(例如PRSP),和/或多药耐受性和/或万古霉素耐药肠球菌。此类感染包括包括心血管、中枢神经系统、循环系统、胃肠道、泌尿生殖系统、腹腔内、下/上呼吸道、骨骼(骨和关节)、以及皮肤和软组织感染,包括糖尿病足。
根据一个更优选的实施例,所述至少一种进一步的抗菌化合物(ii)选自下组化合物:万古霉素、达托霉素、妥布霉素、环丙沙星、替加环素、亚胺培南、哌拉西林-三唑巴坦、特拉万星、达巴万星、奥利万星和头孢他啶。
如果万古霉素、达托霉素、妥布霉素、环丙沙星、替加环素、亚胺培南、哌拉西林-三唑巴坦、特拉万星、达巴万星、奥利万星或头孢他啶用作进一步的抗菌化合物(ii),本发明的相应药物组合物和/或组合优选用于治疗或预防细菌感染。尤其地,此类感染包括包括心血管、中枢神经系统、循环系统、胃肠道、泌尿生殖系统、腹腔内、下/上呼吸道、骨骼(骨和关节)、以及皮肤和软组织感染,包括糖尿病足。
根据一个更优选的实施例,所述至少一种进一步的抗菌化合物(ii)选自下组化合物:磷霉素和其他细胞壁合成抑制剂,例如β-内酰胺类,例如阿莫西林、青霉素G(苄基青霉素)、青霉素V(苯氧基甲基青霉素)、哌拉西林、美洛西林、阿洛西林、苯唑西林、氯唑西林、双氯西林、氟氯西林、舒他西林、羧苄西林、替莫西林、替卡西林、亚胺培南、美罗培南、厄他培南、法罗培南、比阿培南、头孢唑林、头孢吡肟、头孢噻肟、头孢西丁、头孢洛林、头孢他啶、头孢吡普、头孢曲松、头孢呋辛和头孢氨苄、氨曲南、BAL30072还有β-内酰胺类与β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的组合,例如克拉维酸+阿莫西林、舒巴坦+氨苄西林、三唑巴坦+哌拉西林、替卡西林+克拉维酸、头孢他啶+阿维巴坦、头孢洛林+阿维巴坦、亚胺培南+MX-7655、比阿培南+RPX7009、和氨曲南+阿维巴坦。
尤其更进一步更佳地,所述进一步的抗菌化合物(ii)为磷霉素。
如果磷霉素或其他细胞壁合成抑制剂,例如β-内酰胺类,例如阿莫西林、青霉素G(苄基青霉素)、青霉素V(苯氧基甲基青霉素)、哌拉西林、美洛西林、阿洛西林、苯唑西林、氯唑西林、双氯西林、氟氯西林、舒他西林、羧苄西林、替莫西林、替卡西林、亚胺培南、美罗培南、厄他培南、法罗培南、比阿培南、头孢唑林、头孢吡肟、头孢噻肟、头孢西丁、头孢洛林、头孢他啶、头孢吡普、头孢曲松、头孢呋辛和头孢氨苄、氨曲南、BAL30072或β-内酰胺类与β-内酰胺酶抑制剂的组合,例如克拉维酸+阿莫西林、舒巴坦+氨苄西林、三唑巴坦+哌拉西林、替卡西林+克拉维酸、头孢他啶+阿维巴坦、头孢洛林+阿维巴坦、亚胺培南+MX-7655、比阿培南+RPX7009、和氨曲南+阿维巴坦(尤其是磷霉素)用作进一步的抗菌化合物(ii),本发明的相应药物组合物和/或组合优选用于治疗或预防革兰氏阴性细菌,例如肠杆菌科细菌以及非发酵菌,包括但不限于生产ESBL-和/或AmpC的分离菌株引起的感染,也可用于治疗或预防由革兰氏阳性菌,包括但不限于多药和/或甲氧西林耐药葡萄球菌(例如MRSA或MRSE)、多药和/或青霉素耐药链球菌(例如PRSP),以及多药和/或万古霉素耐药肠球菌(例如VRE)引起的细菌感染。
根据更加优选的实施例,本发明提供一种组合和/或药物组合物和/或多部分试剂盒,包括:
i)噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物以及;
ii)粘菌素,
其中,所述噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物选自下组化合物:
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸,和
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸或其盐,例如7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸的钠盐。
根据更加优选的实施例,本发明提供一种组合和/或药物组合物和/或多部分试剂盒,包括:
i)噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物以及;
ii)利奈唑胺,
其中噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮混合物选自下组:
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸,和
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸或其盐,例如,7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸的钠盐。
根据更加优选的实施例,本发明提供一种组合和/或药物组合物和/或多部分试剂盒,包括:
i)噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物以及;
ii)莫西沙星,
其中噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮混合物选自下组:
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸,和7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸或其盐,例如7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸的钠盐。
根据更加优选的实施例,本发明提供一种组合和/或药物组合物和/或多部分试剂盒,包括:
i)噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物以及;
ii)氨苄西林,
其中噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物选自下组:
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸,和7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸或其盐,例如7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸的钠盐。
根据更加优选的实施例,本发明提供一种组合和/或药物组合物和/或多部分试剂盒,包括:
i)噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物以及;
ii)头孢曲松,
其中噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物选自下组:
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸,和7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸或其盐,例如7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸的钠盐。
根据更加优选的实施例,本发明提供一种组合和/或药物组合物和/或多部分试剂盒,包括:
i)噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物以及;
ii)磷霉素,
其中噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物选自下组:
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸,和7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸或其盐,例如7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸的钠盐。
根据更加优选的实施例,本发明提供一种组合和/或药物组合物和/或多部分试剂盒,包括:
i)7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸;以及
ii)粘菌素。
根据更加优选的实施例,本发明提供一种组合和/或药物组合物和/或多部分试剂盒,包括:
i)7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸以及
ii)利奈唑胺。
根据更加优选的实施例,本发明提供一种组合和/或药物组合物和/或多部分试剂盒,包括:
i)7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸以及
ii)莫西沙星。
根据更加优选的实施例,本发明提供一种组合和/或药物组合物和/或多部分试剂盒,包括:
i)7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸以及
ii)氨苄西林。
根据更加优选的实施例,本发明提供一种组合和/或药物组合物和/或多部分试剂盒,包括:
i)7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸以及
ii)头孢曲松。
根据更加优选的实施例,本发明提供一种组合和/或药物组合物和/或多部分试剂盒,包括:
i)7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸以及
ii)磷霉素。
根据更加优选的实施例,本发明提供一种组合和/或药物组合物和/或多部分试剂盒,包括:
i)7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸的钠盐以及
ii)粘菌素。
根据更加优选的实施例,本发明提供一种组合和/或药物组合物和/或多部分试剂盒,包括:
i)7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸的钠盐以及
ii)利奈唑胺。
根据更加优选的实施例,本发明提供一种组合和/或药物组合物和/或多部分试剂盒,包括:
i)7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸的钠盐以及
ii)莫西沙星。
根据更加优选的实施例,本发明提供一种组合物和/或药物组合物和/或多部分试剂盒,包括:
i)7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸的钠盐以及
ii)氨苄西林。
根据更加优选的实施例,本发明提供一种组合和/或药物组合物和/或多部分试剂盒,包括:
i)7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸的钠盐以及
ii)头孢曲松。
根据更加优选的实施例,本发明提供一种组合和/或药物组合物和/或多部分试剂盒,包括:
i)7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸的钠盐以及
ii)磷霉素。
本发明还分别包含化合物(i)和(ii)药学上可接受的盐、或溶剂合物和水合物。
碱性化合物(i)和(ii)药学上可接受的盐的示例为:药学上可接受的无机酸盐,例如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、磷酸;或者有机酸的盐,例如甲磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、乳酸、乙酸、三氟乙酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、马来酸和水杨酸。此外,酸性化合物(i)和(ii)可形成碱或碱土金属盐,例如钠、钾、锂、钙或镁盐;铵盐;或有机碱的盐,例如甲基胺、二甲基胺、三甲基胺、三乙胺、乙二胺、乙醇胺、胆碱氢氧化物、甲基葡胺、哌啶基,吗啉、三(2-羟基乙基)胺、赖氨酸或精氨酸盐。化合物(i)或(ii)可以溶剂化,尤其是与水化合。水合作用可在生成过程中发生,或者作为最初无水化合物(i)或吸湿性的结果。
本发明的组合包括至少两种活性化合物,其可以同时地、分别地或随时间变化施用。它们可以例如以试剂盒的形式提供(例如,作为多部分试剂盒),从而能分别施用噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物(化合物i)和进一步的抗菌药物(化合物ii)。
所述噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物(化合物i)与进一步的抗菌化合物(化合物ii)的重量比范围从999:1到1:999。
较佳地,所述噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物(化合物i)与进一步的抗菌化合物(化合物ii)的重量比范围从99:1到1:99。
本发明的药物组合物含有噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物(例如式(I)或(II)化合物)和进一步的抗菌化合物。该药物组合物任选地还含有载体和/或稀释剂和/或辅助剂。本发明的药物组合物也任选可以包含其它的抗菌化合物。
本发明的组合(例如所述药物组合物)可以通过使用本领域公知的和可接受的方式,单独或与任何其它治疗剂组合施用。它们可以例如:由下列途径之一给药:口服,例如:作为片剂、锭剂、包衣片剂、丸剂、半固体、软胶囊或硬胶囊、例如软或硬明胶胶囊、水性或油性溶液剂、乳剂、混悬剂或糖浆剂、肠胃外包括静脉内、肌内和皮下注射,例如作为可注射溶液或悬浮液、直肠栓剂、通过吸入或吹入、例如作为粉末制剂,作为微晶体或作为喷雾剂(例如液体气雾剂),经皮给药,例如经由透皮递送系统(TDS),例如包含活性成分的膏药,或鼻内或局部地施药,例如软膏、糊剂、滴剂、洗剂、溶液,例如在皮肤上、粘膜、眼、耳或口腔、腹腔、胸腔中。为了生产这样的片剂、丸剂、半固体、包衣片剂、糖衣丸和硬胶囊,例如明胶胶囊,治疗上可用的产品可以与药学上惰性的无机或有机赋形剂混合,例如乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、明胶、麦芽、硅胶、淀粉或其衍生物、滑石、硬脂酸及其盐、脱脂奶粉、和其类似物。用于软胶囊剂的生产,人们可以使用赋形剂,例如植物油、石油、动物油或合成油、蜡、脂肪、多元醇。用于液体溶液(例如滴剂),乳剂或混悬剂或糖浆的生产,可以例如使用水、醇类、盐水、葡萄糖水溶液、多元醇、甘油、脂质、磷脂、环糊精、植物油、石油、动物油或合成油作为赋形剂。特别优选地是脂质,更优选地是磷脂(优选天然来源的;特别优选粒径在300至350nm之间的),优选地在磷酸盐缓冲盐水中(pH值=7-8,优选7.4)。对于栓剂,可以使用例如植物油、石油、动物油或合成油、蜡、脂肪和多元醇作为赋形剂。对于气溶胶形式,可以使用合适的压缩气体,如氧气、氮气和二氧化碳。药学上有效的制剂也可以含利于保存的添加剂,稳定剂,如UV稳定剂、乳化剂、甜味剂、香料、改变渗透压的盐类、缓冲剂、包衣添加剂和抗氧化剂。
每名患者的日剂量约1mg至约10克的本发明组合(例如组合物),尤其是约50毫克至3克,这些是本领域普通技术人员通常能够掌握的。剂量也取决于治疗对象的年龄、条件,和所治疗或预防的疾病种类。每日剂量可以单剂量施用,或者,可以分成多次剂量给药。可以考虑约50毫克、100毫克、250毫克、500毫克、1000毫克和2000毫克的平均单次剂量。本发明的组合也可以用作手术器械的消毒剂。
实施例
1.材料和方法
1.1MIC测定和时间-杀菌曲线
对于试验菌株和质控菌株(参见1.3节),化合物1的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)一式两份地在不同条件下根据CLSI准则(临床和实验室标准研究所(CLSI),好氧生长细菌的稀释抗微生物敏感性测试M07-A8方法:执行标准(M07-A8Methodsfordilutionantimicrobialsusceptibilitytestingforbacteriathatgrowaerobically:approvedstandard);第8版2009;临床和实验室标准研究所,韦恩,宾夕法尼亚州),通过肉汤微量稀释法利用阳离子校正的MuellerHinton-肉汤(CAMHB)进行测定。用10毫升的塑料管将CAMHB中的两倍连续稀释液(256到0.03毫克/升)分装到空的圆底96孔板中。
MIC检测在制备稀释液后立即进行。所有试验一式两份完成,并在独立情况下重复一次。结果章节(见第2节)中报道的数据表示,偏离数据情况下较高的MIC值,这种情况很少记录到。
未接触的试验菌株作为生长对照。莫西沙星用作质量对照药物。按CLSI准则的推荐,金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)ATCC29213、粪肠球菌(E.faecalis)ATCC29212、肺炎链球菌(S.pneumoniae)ATCC49619及33400、大肠杆菌(E.coli)ATCC25922、以及铜绿假单胞菌(P.aeruginosa)ATCC10145作为质量对照菌株。一般来说,每次实验中,所有的质量对照都在可接受的范围内,不仅对于对照药物莫西沙星,对于所有其他测试的抗菌药物也一样(见1.2节)。
根据CLSI准则重复测定杀菌曲线动力学(临床和实验室标准研究所(CLSI);用M07-A8方法进行有氧细菌生长的稀释抗菌剂药敏试验;执行标准;2009年第8版;韦恩,宾夕法尼亚州)。用于活菌计数量化的样本在0、1、2、4、6、8、及24小时时取出。
单点杀死率(k)如以前所述计算(SchaperK.J.,SchubertS.,DalhoffA.β酰胺类、大环内脂类和喹诺酮类抗革兰氏阳性和阴性菌感染的抗菌效果动力学及量子学(Kineticsandquantificationofantimicrobialeffectsofbeta-lactams,macrolides,andquinolonesagainstGram-positiveandGram-negativeRTI-pathogens).Infection,2005;33(增刊2):3-14),使用以下公式(其中No和Nt=0小时和t小时的活菌计数)
k(h-1)=(ln(Nt/N0))/t
1.2噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物(化合物1)和组合剂
化合物1:
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸:
该化合物根据WO2005/058888中揭露的工艺进行制备。对于以下测试,化合物1在DMSO中溶解和稀释。
根据它们在难以治疗的革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性病原体的细菌感染的治疗中的抗菌谱和治疗用途,选择以下抗菌药物作为组合剂(即抗菌化合物ii;下文中也指组合剂):
粘菌素CF80mg粉末=33.3mg纯粘菌素,格陆安瑟公司-GruenenthalGmbH,&CoKG,52078亚琛,德国(批号111C06)
磷霉素,磷霉素,4g输液,ERN实验室-LaboratoriosERN,S.A.,E-8020巴塞罗那,西班牙(批号E014)
环丙沙星Kabi,400mg/200mL输液,FK(德国)-FreseniusKabiDeutschlandGmbH,D-61352巴特洪堡-BadHomburg,德国,(批号15FC145F2)
莫西沙星,拜耳-BayerVitalGmbH,D-51368勒沃库森,德国(批号BXGON82)
氨苄西林,1.06g粉末=1.0g纯净物,理药公司-Ratiopharm,D-89079乌尔姆,德国,(批号L46849)
头孢他啶,Fortum2.0g,2.606g粉末=2.328g纯净物,MP公司-MIPPharma,D-66440布利斯卡斯特尔(批号1012)
头孢曲松,Ceftriaxon-saar,1.193g粉末=1.0g纯净物,MP公司,D-66440B布利斯卡斯特尔l(批号2355000)
亚胺培南,Zienam500mg/500mg(亚胺培南+cilastatin),MSD公司-MSDSharp&DohmeGmbH,D-85540Haar,德国(批号2050470)
哌拉西林/tazobactam,TazobacEF4g/0.5g,辉瑞公司-PfizerPharmaGmbH,D-10785柏林(批号AH2R/21)
达托霉素,Cubicin500mg,输液,诺华公司-NovartisEuropharmLtd.,RH125ABHorsham,英国(批号CDC153D)
利奈唑胺,Zyvoxid2mg/mL输液,辉瑞公司,D-10785柏林(批号12B08U10)
妥布霉素,Gernebcin80mg/2mL输液,IAC公司-InfectopharmArzneimittelundConsiliumGmbH,D-64630赫本海姆(批号W081102.1)
万古霉素,万古霉素CP500mg,512mg粉末=500mg纯净物,HP公司-HikmaPharmaGmbH,D-82166格雷菲尔芬格(批号111204.1)
替加环素,Tygacil50mg输液,惠氏欧洲-WyethEuropeLtd.BerksSL60PH,英国(批号F75592)
1.3试验和质量对照菌株
基于其具体表达的抗菌敏感性模式、难治疗耐药机制,对研究菌株进行选择;它们并不代表着目前的临床和流行病学上引起呼吸道或皮肤和软组织感染或其他感染性疾病的相关菌株。
在一般情况下,每1个物种的一种敏感野生型菌株被纳入试验菌株组。此敏感菌株最常见地是等同于1.1节中提到的ATCC质量对照菌株;另外的ATCC敏感野生型菌株如下所述:
革兰氏阴性细菌:
大肠杆菌ATCC25922(MIC测试的质量对照)
大肠杆菌NRZ-00401(VIM-1)
大肠杆菌NRZ-00302(金属β-内酰胺酶NDM-1)
大肠杆菌GNS-2601(ESBLCTX-M-15)
肺炎克雷伯菌(K.pneumoniae)ATCC13883MIC测试的质量对照)
肺炎克雷伯菌NRZ-00002(OXA-48)
肺炎克雷伯菌NRZ-00535(VIM-1)
肺炎克雷伯菌NRZ-00103(KPC-2)
奇异变形杆菌(P.mirabilis)ATCC9240(敏感野生型)
奇异变形杆菌NRZ-00185(AmpC,CMY-2型)
铜绿假单胞菌ATCC10145(MIC测试的质量对照)
铜绿假单胞菌NRZ-00425(VIM-1)
阴沟肠杆菌(E.cloacae)ATCC13047(敏感野生型)
阴沟肠杆菌NRZ-00239(VIM-1)
革兰氏阳性细菌:
金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213(杀菌曲线分析的质量对照)
金黄色葡萄球菌RNG1GH001(杀菌曲线分析的质量对照)
金黄色葡萄球菌DSM11823,克隆16(MSSA,抗喹诺酮)
金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC33593(MRSA)
金黄色葡萄球菌NRS-119(MRSA,抗利奈唑胺和抗喹诺酮)
金黄色葡萄球菌VisaMu50(MRSA,万古霉素中间体敏感的)
粪肠球菌(E.faecalis)ATCC29212(质量对照)
粪肠球菌V583(VanB)
屎肠球菌(E.faecium)DSMZ2146(敏感野生型)
屎肠球菌UW3695(抗利奈唑胺和抗喹诺酮)
肺炎链球菌ATCC49619(MIC测试的质量对照)
肺炎链球菌ATCC33400(敏感野生型)
肺炎链球菌BAY19397(抗青霉素、抗大环内脂、抗喹诺酮)
1.4培养基
使用阳离子校正的M-H肉汤(CationadjustedMueller-HintonBroth(CAMHB))(Becton-Dickinson-Diagnostics,D-69126海德堡,德国)。
1.5接种物的制备
试验菌株在哥伦比亚琼脂培养基上作再次培养,在36℃+/-1℃条件下温育过夜。
对含有3-5mL无菌的0.85%NaCl的管接种取自琼脂板的5个或更多个菌落,并调整到相当于0.5号麦氏比浊标准的浑浊度(1x108CFU/mL)。
将1mL的细菌悬液转移至含10mLCAMHB的管中,并彻底漩涡(10mLCAMHB中1mL肺炎链球菌(肺炎链球菌)+5%裂解的马血)。96孔板中的1-15列接种5μL的所述悬浊液(1-15=抗菌剂溶液,16=不含测试品的无菌培养基)。
将平板小心地振摇约5分钟,然后在36℃下温育培养18-24小时。
用反射镜目测观察浊度。
最终体积:105μL(抗菌剂溶液100μL,细菌悬液5μL)
最终细菌浓度:5x105CFU/mL
最终抗菌剂浓度:0.06–16mg/L
1.6协同测试和FIC指数
协同测试用三种方法进行(NeuH.C.,FuK.P.阿洛西林和美洛西林与氨基糖苷类抗生素和头孢菌素类联用的协同效应(Synergyofazlocillinandmezlocillincombinedwithaminoglycosideantibioticsandcephalosporins).AntimicrobAgentsChemother1978;13(5):813-819):
1.加入一种组合剂,其浓度等同于其最小抑制浓度的0.5,以增加化合物1的浓度。
2.利用杀菌曲线技术来评估一种组合剂和化合物1的联合,其浓度相当于它们MIC的1+1、1+2、2+1、和2+2倍。通过向稀释到105–106CFU/mL的对数生长大肠杆菌培养物(10mL)中加入组合的抗菌剂进行,并且在37℃下在50-mL的烧瓶中生长来进行时间-杀菌研究。
3.每次试验采用一种组合剂和化合物1的棋盘双重稀释法(Pillai,S.,MoelleringR.,EliopoulosG.“抗菌剂组合”(Antimicrobialcombinations),刊于V.Lorian(编),《试验室药物中的抗生素》(Antibioticsinlaboratorymedicine),第5版.LippincottWilliams&Wilkins,巴尔的摩,马里兰州.,2005,第365-440页)。
棋盘技术,分数抑制浓度(FIC)以及FIC指数
使用如前所述的肉汤微量稀释杀菌棋盘法(Pillai,S.,MoelleringR.,EliopoulosG.“抗菌剂组合”,刊于V.Lorian(编),《试验室药物中的抗生素》,第5版.LippincottWilliams&Wilkins,巴尔的摩,马里兰州,2005,第365-440页)。对两种抗菌剂A和B的连续稀释液(即1种抗菌剂和化合物1)进行测试。棋盘由列构成,其中沿着X轴方向,每个孔包含相同数量的抗菌剂A,i个稀释度,并且,在一排中,沿着Y轴方向,每个孔包含相同数量的抗菌剂B,j个稀释度,即,抗菌剂A和B的连续稀释液分别以矩形形式进行滴定。其结果是,每个孔都包含两种抗菌剂的不同组合,因此抗菌剂A的每种浓度都与抗菌剂B的每种浓度结合。所有板中都包括增殖和无菌对照。使用5×105CFU/mL(如上文制备)的细菌接种物。微量滴定盘在37℃下温育18小时。
分数抑制浓度(FIC)是两种抗菌药物A和B联合效果的数学表达式。FIC计算为抗菌剂A和抗菌剂B组合的MIC除以单用抗菌剂A或抗菌剂B的MIC。FIC指数被认为是表征组合是否具有协同的、加和的、无关的、或拮抗的作用(“测定细菌对抗菌剂敏感性的方法的相关术语”(Terminologyrelatingtomethodsforthedeterminationofsusceptibilityofbacteriatoantimicrobialagents).欧洲临床微生物与感染性疾病协会(ESCMID)的欧洲抗菌剂敏感性测试委员会(EuropeanCommitteeforAntimicrobialSusceptibilitytesting(EUCAST)oftheEuropeanSocietyforClinicalMicrobiologyandInfectiousDiseases(ESCMID)).EUCAST决定文件E.Def1.2;ClinMicrobiolInfectDis2000;6:503-508):
-协同作用定义为FIC指数小于0.5。
-加和的或无关作用定义为FIC指数0.5-4(加和作用>0.5–1;无关作用>1–4)。
-拮抗定义为FIC指数大于4。
FIC和FIC指数分别根据下列公式进行计算:
FIC(A)=MIC(有B存在下的)/MIC(单独的A)
FIC(B)=MIC(有A存在下的B)/MIC(单独的B)
FIC指数=FIC(A)+FIC(B)
2.结果
2.1质量对照
国际上公认的菌株大肠杆菌ATCC25922、肺炎克雷伯菌ATCC13883和绿脓杆菌ATCC10145作为质量对照菌株用于药敏试验。这些质量对照菌株测试的不同试剂的MIC在CLSI定义的可接受范围内。
除了用于MIC测试的质量对照ATCC-参考菌株,金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213和金黄色葡萄球菌RNG1GH001用作杀菌试验的质量对照。在本研究过程中,金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC29213在七种不同情况下暴露于莫西沙星,选择莫西沙星作为参考药物。此外,化合物1-敏感菌株金黄色葡萄球菌RN1GH001在不同条件下暴露于不同浓度的化合物1,因此可以评估化合物1的抗菌效果的再现性。
2.2在有联合试剂存在下化合物1的MIC检测
下述表1A至1C和2A至2C的数值表示相应的单种物质的MIC,或者,在联用测试的情况下,仅表示化合物1的MIC,因为已经在相当于它们各自MIC的0.5倍的不同联用剂的亚抑制浓度下(参见1.6章节)进行了联用测试,因此不会产生各组合剂的MIC。
表1A报道的试验重复三次;表1B和1C中报道,表2A、2B和2C中报道的所有其他试验重复一次。
对革兰氏阴性细菌的活性(参见表1A、B和C):
粘菌素,磷霉素:化合物1对肠杆菌科细菌或非发酵菌显示低活性。粘杆菌素对肠杆菌科细菌有活性,但对测试的铜绿假单胞菌无活性。磷霉素已经对大肠杆菌测试过,对大肠杆菌它只是表现出异质活性。
通过6步甚至9步滴定(表1A),化合物1与粘菌素的组合降低了化合物1对肠杆菌科细菌的MIC。
通过2至3步滴定,化合物1与磷霉素的联合降低了化合物1对两种大肠杆菌的MIC;通过9步以上滴定,降低了化合物1对残余大肠杆菌试验菌株的MIC(表1A)。
表1A:单种物质化合物1、粘菌素和磷霉素的抗菌活性(MIC,mg/L),或者化合物1与0.5倍MIC的粘菌素和磷霉素联合的各抗菌活性(Ec=大肠杆菌,Kp=肺炎克雷伯菌,Pm=奇异变形杆菌;Pa=绿脓杆菌;Ecl=阴沟肠杆菌;MCB=化合物1;fosfo=磷霉素;nt=未测试)
菌株 | 化合物1 | 粘菌素 | MCB+粘菌素 | fosfo | MCB+fosfo |
Ec ATCC25922 | 16 | 1 | <0.25 | 2 | 2 |
Ec NRZ00401 | 16 | 1 | <0.25 | 2 | 4 |
Ec NRZ00302 | 256 | 1 | <0.25 | 64 | 0.5 |
Ec GNS2601 | 256 | 2 | <0.25 | 64 | <0.25 |
Kp ATCC13883 | 128 | 0.03 | >128 | nt | nt |
Kp NRZ00002 | 256 | 0.25 | >128 | nt | nt |
Kp NRZ00535 | >256 | 0.25 | >128 | nt | nt |
Kp NRZ00103 | 256 | 0.25 | >128 | nt | nt |
Pm ATCC9240 | 256 | >256 | nt | nt | nt |
Pm NRZ00185 | 256 | >256 | nt | nt | nt |
Pa ATCC10145 | 256 | 0.5 | >128 | nt | nt |
Pa NRZ00425 | 256 | 1 | >128 | nt | nt |
Ecl ATCC13047 | 128 | 64 | 1 | nt | nt |
Ecl NRZ00239 | 256 | 0.5 | >128 | nt | nt |
妥布霉素、环丙沙星、替加环素:妥布霉素仅对敏感野生型菌株,以及产生CMY-2的奇异变形杆菌有活性;妥布霉素对残余测试菌株的MIC超过4mg/L。环丙沙星对野生型菌株和两种β-内酰胺酶产生菌(大肠杆菌NRZ-00401和奇异变形杆菌NRZ-00103)有效。环丙沙星对残余的测试菌株的MIC超过16mg/L。化合物1与环丙沙星的联合降低了化合物1对所有试验菌株的MIC。化合物1对野生型菌株的MIC显着降低,而化合物1对所选择的耐药菌株的MIC没有影响(表1B)。替加环素在0.5mg/L时抑制了参照菌株大肠杆菌ATCC25922;替加环素在浓度>2mg/L下抑制所有其它的测试菌株。化合物1加上替加环素的组合不影响化合物1对这些革兰氏阴性试验菌株的活性(表1B)。
表1B单物质化合物1、妥布霉素、环丙沙星、和替加环素,或化合物1与0.5倍MIC的妥布霉素、环丙沙星、和替加环素联合的各抗菌活性(MIC,mg/L)(Ec=大肠杆菌;Kp=肺炎克雷伯菌;Pm=奇异变形杆菌;Pa=绿脓杆菌;Ecl=阴沟肠杆菌;MCB=化合物1;tob=妥布霉素;cip=环丙沙星;tige=替加环素)
亚胺培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢他定:在测试的β-内酰胺类中,亚胺培南是最有活性的;在浓度<8mg/L(表1C)下,它抑制了除了铜绿假单胞菌NRZ-00185和肺炎克雷伯菌NRZ-00103之外的所有试验菌株。化合物1与亚胺培南的联合并没有影响化合物1的MIC。哌拉西林/他唑巴坦能有效抵御野生型大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和奇异变形杆菌菌株;残余菌株的MIC>4mg/L。通过2至3步的稀释步骤,化合物1与哌拉西林组合/他唑巴坦的联用降低了三种试验菌株(大肠杆菌ATCC25922、大肠杆菌GNS2601、铜绿假单胞菌ATCC10145)的MIC,但并没有影响化合物1对其他试验菌株的活性。头孢他啶在<0.5mg/L的低浓度下抑制大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、和奇异变形杆菌野生型菌株;残余菌株的MIC超过2mg/L。化合物1与头孢他啶的联用导致对两种铜绿假单胞菌有明显的活性,但并没有影响化合物1对其他试验菌株的活性(表1C)。
表1C单物质化合物1、亚胺培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和头孢他定的抗菌活性,或化合物1与0.5倍MIC的亚胺培南、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦和头孢他定联合的抗菌活性(MIC,mg/L)(Ec=大肠杆菌;Kp=肺炎克雷伯菌;Pm=奇异变形杆菌;Pa=绿脓杆菌;Ecl=阴沟肠杆菌;MCB=化合物1;imi=亚胺培南;P/T=哌拉西林/他唑巴坦;cef=头孢他定;*=这些数据可重现两次,但在其他条件下可变;nt=未测试)
抗革兰氏阳性菌的活性(参考表2A、B和C):
化合物1对所有的经测试革兰氏阳性菌株有效,而不论这些菌株的敏感模式;在<0.25mg/L下,化合物1同等抑制野生型菌株与多药耐受性菌株(表2A至2C)。
氨苄西林、头孢曲松:β-内酰胺类氨苄西林和头孢曲松仅对野生型或MSSA菌株有效(表2A)。对于除MRSA菌株NRS-119和VisaMu50以外的大多数试验菌株,化合物1与两种β-内酰胺类的联合在变异性(+/-一到两步滴定步骤)的可接受范围内,与化合物1单用一样有效,其中与氨苄西林联用,化合物1对MRSA菌株NRS-119和VisaMu50的MIC分别从1降至0.25mg/L,从0.06至<0.00003毫克/升,化合物1对屎肠球菌DSMZ2146的MIC也从0.06降至<0.00003mg/L。化合物1联合头孢曲松对肺炎链球菌19397的MIC从0.004降至<0.00003mg/L(表2A)。
表2A单物质化合物1、氨苄西林、头孢曲松的抗菌活性,或化合物1与0.5倍最小抑制浓度的氨苄西林、头孢曲松联用的抗菌活性(MIC,mg/L)(MCB=化合物1;ampi=氨苄西林;ceftr=头孢曲松;Sa=金黄色葡萄球菌;Ef=粪肠球菌;Efc=屎肠球菌;Spn=肺炎链球菌;*=这些数据可重现两次,但在其他条件下可变)。
万古霉素、达托霉素:万古霉素和达托霉素对所有测试的革兰氏阳性菌株有效,除了万古霉素耐药性粪肠球菌V583,万古霉素的MIC为32mg/L,并且达托霉素的MIC为4mg/L。化合物1与万古霉素或达托霉素联用在变异性的可接受范围内,与单物质化合物1对抗试验菌株的效果一致(表2B)。
表2B单物质化合物1、万古霉素、达托霉素的抗菌活性,或化合物1与0.5倍最小抑制浓度的万古霉素和达托霉素联用的抗菌活性(MIC,mg/L)(MCB=化合物1;vanco=万古霉素;dapto=达托霉素;Sa=金黄色葡萄球菌;Ef=粪肠球菌;Efc=屎肠球菌;Spn=肺炎链球菌;*=这些数据可重现两次,但在其他条件下可变)。
莫西沙星、利奈唑胺、替加环素:莫西沙星对革兰氏阳性测试菌株(除了金黄色葡萄球菌NRS-119和VisaMu50、利奈唑胺和喹诺酮耐药性屎肠球菌UW3695和多药耐受性肺炎链球菌19397)表现出良好活性。利奈唑胺在<4mg/L浓度下,抑制了所有的试验菌株(除了金黄色葡萄球菌NRS-119和屎肠球菌UW3695)。替加环素在<0.5mg/L浓度下(表2C)对所有的试验菌株有效。化合物1、莫西沙星联用与单物质对葡萄球菌ATCC29213、克隆菌株16以及ATCC33593的效果一致;然而,化合物1对所有其他试验菌株有活性,并且MIC降低至<0.000025mg/L。同样地,化合物1和利奈唑胺联用与化合物1独自对葡萄球菌ATCC29213、克隆菌株16和ATCC33593一样有效;然而,化合物1和利奈唑胺联用可以获得对所有其他试验菌株的活性,并且MIC降低至<0.000001mg/L(除了喹诺酮和利奈唑胺耐药性粪肠球菌UW3695菌株,联用MIC为2mg/L,相比之下化合物1单用为0.06mg/L)(表2C)。
表2C单物质化合物1、莫西沙星、利奈唑胺、替加环素的抗菌活性,或化合物1与0.5倍MIC的莫西沙星、利奈唑胺和替加环素联用的抗菌活性(MIC,mg/L)(MCB=化合物1;mox=莫西沙星;line=利奈唑胺;tige=替加环素;Sa=金黄色葡萄球菌;Ef=粪肠球菌;Efc=屎肠球菌;Spn=肺炎链球菌;*=这些数据可重现两次,但在其他条件下可变)。
2.3有粘菌素和磷霉素存在下化合物1的时间-杀菌曲线
化合物1与多粘菌素和磷霉素联用对活菌计数的时间依赖性效应已经确定。在8小时时记录的活菌计数总结在表3A和3B中。计算的杀伤率显示在表4A和4B中。
菌株大肠杆菌ATCC25922、NRZ-00401、NRZ-00302和GNS-2601分别暴露于化合物1与粘菌素和磷霉素组合中,分别为它们MIC的一倍和两倍。对这些试剂的下列组合进行了测试:
-1xMIC化合物1+1xMIC粘菌素或磷霉素(1+1)
-1xMIC化合物1+2xMIC粘菌素或磷霉素(1+2)
-2xMIC化合物1+1xMIC粘菌素或磷霉素(2+1)
-2xMIC化合物1+2xMIC粘菌素或磷霉素(2+2)
1倍或2倍MIC的化合物1在最初的4到6小时内对革兰氏阴性试验菌株显示出抑菌活性;此后,菌株继续生长。同样地,磷霉素对菌株ATCC25922、NRZ-00401表现出细菌抑制性,但是对菌株NRZ-00302和GNS-2601表现出杀菌活性,但并没有将后两种菌株从测试体系中消除(表3A)。粘菌素对四种测试的大肠杆菌菌株具有杀菌活性,并且在6至8小时内能将活菌计数降低至可检测的范围以下(除了菌株NRZ-00302,其在8小时内明显降低,并在24小时内消除)(表3B)。
化合物1与磷霉素以1+1和2+1的比例联合,对ATCC25922和NRZ-00401具有抑菌作用,但与单独暴露在化合物1中相比,联合后可以防止细菌再生。1+2的联用在8小时时,将菌株ATCC25922的活菌计数降至0.7log10CFU/mL,但其后注意到再生长至3.9log10CFU/mL(表3A)。2+2的联用在24小时内消除了体系中的大肠杆菌ATCC25922菌株。菌株NRZ-00401受到1+1联用和1+2联用的抑菌作用影响,1+2联用在8小时内将活菌计数降低到2.9log10CFU/mL,其后出现再生长。在24小时内,化合物1与磷霉素的任一测试比例的联用都消除测试系统中的菌株NRZ-00302和GNS-2601。
表3A暴露于化合物1(MCB)、磷霉素(fosfo)、或者两种制剂以一倍(1x)或两倍(2x)它们的MIC联用,8小时时以log10CFU/mL计的活菌计数
制剂 | ATCC25922 | NRZ00401 | NRZ00302 | GNS2601 |
对照 | 9.06 | 8.95 | 8.99 | 8.29 |
1x MCB | 4.69 | 6.32 | 8.28 | 8.34 |
2x MCB | 2.61 | 4.26 | 5.69 | 6.29 |
1x磷霉素 | 8.95 | 7.95 | 2.78 | 5.08 |
2x磷霉素 | 8.59 | 6.65 | 1.30 | 3.45 |
联用 | ||||
1MCB+1fosfo | 3.31 | 4.36 | 0 | 1.70 |
1MCB+2fosfo | 0.69 | 2.92 | 0 | 2.0 |
2MCB+1fosfo | 2.44 | 3.66 | 0 | 1.65 |
2MCB+2fosfo | 0.0 | 1.84 | 0 | 2.23 |
任何一种化合物1与多粘菌素的联用都在24小时内将菌株从测试体系中消除,正如单用粘菌素一样(表3B)。
表3B8小时时以log10CFU/mL计的活菌计数,暴露于化合物1(MCB)、粘菌素(col)、或者两种制剂以一倍(1x)或两倍(2x)MIC联用
制剂 | ATCC25922 | NRZ00401 | NRZ00302 | GNS2601 |
对照 | 9.06 | 8.95 | 8.99 | 9.29 |
1x MCB | 4.69 | 6.32 | 8.28 | 7.34 |
2x MCB | 2.62 | 0 | 5.69 | 6.29 |
1x粘菌素 | 0 | 0 | 1.95 | 0 |
2x粘菌素 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
联用 | ||||
1MCB+1col | 0 | 0 | 1.77 | 0 |
1MCB+2col | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
2MCB+1col | 0 | 0 | 2.66 | 0 |
2MCB+2col | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
活菌计数降低速度的增加也反映出测试的大肠杆菌菌株活菌计数的加剧降低,尤其是化合物1加上磷霉素联用后增强的活性。表4A和4B中总结的数据显示了最初4小时内暴露于单种物质或它们联用时计算出的杀伤率。表4A中总结的数据表明,单物质化合物1和单独的磷霉素降低了四个试验菌株中两个的生长速率。两种试剂的联用降低活菌计数的杀伤率范围从1.01变为2.38h-1。
表4A化合物1(MCB)、磷霉素(fosfo)、或两种制剂以1(1x)或2(2x)MIC联用分别对四种大肠杆菌试验菌株生长率和杀伤率的影响。正值(以‘+’标记)表明增长,所有的其余数值为负数,并表明活菌计数降低的速度,即杀伤率k(h-1)。
制剂 | ATCC25922 | NRZ00401 | NRZ00302 | GNS2601 |
对照 | +1.06 | +1.03 | +1.01 | +1.22 |
1x MCB | 0.82 | +0.08 | +0.46 | +0.43 |
2x MCB | 1.35 | 0.25 | +0.25 | +0.35 |
1x磷霉素 | +0.68 | +0.40 | 1.67 | 1.21 |
2x磷霉素 | +0.72 | +0.32 | 2.09 | 1.85 |
联用 | ||||
1MCB+1fosfo | 1.96 | 1.12 | 2.27 | 1.94 |
1MCB+2fosfo | 2.03 | 1.00 | 1.92 | 1.64 |
2MCB+1fosfo | 1.97 | 1.22 | 2.38 | 1.76 |
2MCB+2fosfo | 2.19 | 1.01 | 2.02 | 1.47 |
通过粘菌素与化合物1的联用(表4B),粘菌素对所测试的大肠杆菌菌株的显著杀菌活性没有增加(除了大肠杆菌ATCC25922)。
表4B化合物1(MCB)、粘菌素(col)、或两种制剂以1(1x)或2(2x)MIC联用分别对四种大肠杆菌试验菌株生长率和杀伤率的影响。正值(以’+’标记)表明增长,所有的其余数值为负数,并表明活菌计数降低的速度,即杀伤率k(h-1)。
制剂 | ATCC25922 | NRZ00401 | NRZ00302 | GNS2601 |
对照 | +1.34 | +1.03 | +1.01 | +1.21 |
1x MCB | 0.74 | 0.09 | +0.45 | +0.43 |
2x MCB | 1.62 | 0.25 | +0.25 | +0.35 |
1x粘菌素 | 0.86 | 2.46 | 1.63 | 1.55 |
2x粘菌素 | 1.04 | 2.53 | 1.89 | 1.80 |
联用 | ||||
1MCB+1col | 2.29 | 1.99 | 1.60 | 1.52 |
1MCB+2col | 2.31 | 2.27 | 1.24 | 1.83 |
2MCB+1col | 2.24 | 2.06 | 0.98 | 1.04 |
2MCB+2col | 2.29 | 2.42 | 1.94 | 1.09 |
2.4化合物1和粘菌素的棋盘滴定法
进行三次棋盘滴定。化合物1从<0.015至256mg/L的每个浓度都与粘菌素从<0.015至256mg/L的每个浓度联用。
所述试验菌株大肠杆菌ATCC25922(敏感型参考菌株)、大肠杆菌NRZ-00302(NDM-1β-内酰胺酶)、肺炎克雷伯菌NRZ-00535(VIM-1β-内酰胺酶)、铜绿假单胞菌NRZ-00425(VIM-2β-内酰胺酶)、阴沟肠杆菌ATCC13047(敏感型参考菌株)和阴沟肠杆菌NRZ-00239(VIM-1β-内酰胺酶)暴露于化合物1和粘菌素的每1个浓度中。
在一般情况下,对于大部分测试菌株(除了阴沟肠杆菌ATCC13047之外),与2或至少4倍的粘菌素MIC联用时,化合物1的MIC降低到0.015mg/以下L,与低于0.25倍MIC的粘菌素浓度的联用不会影响化合物1的MIC。阴沟肠杆菌ATCC13047耐受粘菌素,MIC为256mg/L;化合物1与128mg/L浓度的粘菌素的联用导致化合物1的MIC从>256mg/L变为1-0.5mg/L;甚至是低达2mg/L的粘菌素浓度能将化合物1的MIC降低至1-4mg/L。
总结在表5中的数据表示在一种亚抑菌浓度(即0.5倍)、一种抑菌浓度(即1.0倍最小抑制浓度)、以及两种超抑菌浓度(即2.0和4.0倍的最小抑制浓度)的粘菌素存在下对化合物1MIC的联用效应。
总结在表5的数据表明,抑菌和超抑菌粘菌素浓度将化合物1的MIC从>256mg/L降至<0.015mg/L。对于化合物1与亚抑菌粘菌素浓度联用,FIC指数范围为0.5至1.8,对于化合物1与超抑菌粘菌素浓度联用,FIC指数范围为1.0至2.0。
表5化合物1与粘菌素联用对六种选定的指示菌株的棋盘滴定。对以下菌株进行了测试:大肠杆菌ATCC25922(EcATCC)、大肠杆菌NRZ-00302(EcNRZ)、肺炎克雷伯菌NRZ-00535(kpnNRZ)、铜绿假单胞菌NRZ-00425(PaNRZ)、阴沟肠杆菌ATCC13047(EclATCC)和阴沟肠杆菌NRZ-00239(EclNRZ)。(参数:MICmg/L;MCBMIC=化合物1的MIC;colMIC=粘菌素的MIC;MCB+0.5col=化合物1在0.5倍MIC的粘菌素存在下的MIC;MCB+1.0col=化合物1在1.0倍MIC的粘菌素存在下的MIC;MCB+2.0col=化合物1在2.0倍MIC的粘菌素存在下的MIC;MCB+4.0col=化合物1在4.0倍MIC的粘菌素存在下的MIC;FICind0.5col=0.5倍粘菌素MIC下的FIC指数;FICind1.0col=1.0倍粘菌素MIC下的FIC指数;FICind2.0col=2.0倍粘菌素MIC下的FIC指数;FICind4.0col=4.0倍粘菌素MIC下的FIC指数;FIC指数代表2或3个测试的平均值或者某单个测试结果)
*粘菌素浓度为256mg/L,因其限制溶解性,化合物1与2-4倍粘菌素MIC联用时未进行测试。
3.讨论
3.1化合物1与粘菌素和磷霉素联用
已经对选定的产生不同类型β-内酰胺酶的革兰氏阴性细菌测试了粘菌素和磷霉素与化合物1的联用;超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)的产生经常与多药耐药相关。多耐药菌的日益流行减少了治疗方案的选择,因此新型药剂的开发和/或抗菌药物的联用为此问题提供了解决方案。产生ESBL(例如CTX-M-15、VIM、NDM-1)的选定的革兰氏阴性细菌暴露在化合物1与粘菌素的组合中,在部分实验里,暴露于化合物1与磷霉素的组合中。
第2.2节报告的数据可以明显得出,粘菌素和磷霉素的亚抑菌浓度都没有增加试验菌株对化合物1的敏感型,因为化合物1对试验菌株的MIC没有降低(表1A)。
正如在第一系列的实验中,只有一种粘菌素或磷霉素的亚抑制浓度与不同浓度的化合物1组合,对化合物1和粘菌素(参见第2.4节)的组合使用棋盘法。这种方法使得每种测试菌株暴露于两种联用制剂,即,化合物1与粘菌素的每一种浓度下。FIC指数公认为是协同作用、加和作用、无关作用或者拮抗作用指标的参数。协同作用定义为FIC指数小于0.5。加和作用或无关作用定义FIC指数为0.5–4(加和>0.5–1;无关>1–4)。拮抗作用定义为FIC指数超过400(“测定细菌对抗菌剂敏感性的方法的相关术语”.欧洲临床微生物与感染性疾病协会(ESCMID)的欧洲抗菌剂敏感性测试委员会EUCASTEUCAST决定文件E.Def1.2;ClinMicrobiolInfectDis2000;6:503-508)。总结在表5中的数据表明,对于暴露于化合物1加0.5或2倍的粘菌素MIC的所有菌株,FIC指数范围为0.5至2.5,表明无关作用。
然而,FIC指数应谨慎解释:例如,化合物1与1倍和2倍粘菌素MIC联用对阴沟肠杆菌NRZ-00239的平均FIC指数已经分别计算为2.0和2.3。这是因为,例如,在一个试验中,粘菌素MIC达到1mg/L而化合物1的MIC为256mg/L,因此1mg/L粘菌素加上256mg/L化合物1联用的FIC指数为2.0(=(1/1)+(256/256)),显示出无关性。然而,另1个试验中,此试验菌株暴露在2倍的粘菌素MIC加化合物1中,导致其对化合物1的敏感型显著增加,其是由<0.015mg/L的化合物1的MIC值反映出的。2mg/L粘菌素加0.015mg/L化合物1联用的FIC指数为2.00006(=(2/1)+(0,015/256)),即,与上述没有区别,也显示出无关性。4mg/L粘菌素加0.015mg/L化合物1联用的FIC指数甚至为4。此实例表明,FIC指数的计算与协同作用、加和作用、无关作用或者拮抗作用的定义并不一致。虽然棋盘技术和FIC指数的计算通常用于评价联用试验,该方法具有显著的限制:它仅产生定量抑制的数据,但不产生杀菌活性,并且只提供一个全有或全无反应(即增长或无增长),但没有量化活菌计数减少的分级反应。更为重要的是,FIC指数的计算不正确地假定所有的联用组分呈现出线性浓度效应的(PillaiSK,MoelleringRC,EliopoulosGM.“抗菌剂组合”.刊于:试验室药物中的抗生素》.LorianV(编),第9章,第5版,2005,LippincrottRaven)。粘菌素、氟代喹诺酮和氨基糖苷类抗生素显示出了线性浓度活性效应,但是β-内酰胺类或化合物1并没有显示出该效应。因此,对于化合物1与其他制剂的联用效应的表征,FIC指数仅具有有限的预测价值。化合物1与2倍至4倍粘菌素MIC联用,对测试菌株中的五种菌株的MIC从256mg/L到<0.015mg/L显著下降,对大肠杆菌ATCC25922菌株的MIC从8–16mg/L到<0.015mg/L显著下降,并且同时产生了从0.6至4.0的FIC指数,这表明FIC指数的计算并不是描述这些联合效应的充分途径。
该事实由以下发现证实,虽然FIC指数表现出无关性,杀菌曲线实验显示了作为单一物质对革兰氏阴性菌较低活性的化合物1,在1倍和2倍MIC的粘菌素或磷霉素存在下(参见5.3节),对革兰氏阴性试验菌株表现出了杀菌活性。化合物1与粘菌素或磷霉素联用降低了活菌计数,并且比任一种试剂单用更快地将试验菌株从系统中清除(表3A、3B和4A、4B)。棋盘滴定中化合物1的MIC从例如256mg/L降低至<0.015mg/L的数值这一事实表明粘菌素或磷霉素的抑制和超抑制浓度增强了化合物1对这些革兰氏阴性指示菌株的活性。因此,粘菌素的抑制和超抑制浓度降低了化合物1的MIC。这一发现可通过以下事实解释,即,已知多粘菌素可增加革兰氏阴性菌外膜的渗透性(VaaraM.“增加外膜渗透性的药剂”(Agentsthatincreasethepermeabilityoftheoutermembrane).MicrobiolRev1992;56(3):395-411),因此降低了其它低活性制剂的MIC。然而,本项研究出乎意料地发现对应于1倍其MIC的化合物1浓度提高了粘菌素的杀菌效力。
因此,化合物1和粘菌素的联用获得了杀菌活性,使得抗菌疗法更为有效。除此之外,更重要的是注意到,未记录到拮抗效应,因此化合物1与粘菌素的联用将化合物1的革兰氏阳性抗菌谱显著地扩展到了革兰氏阴性菌,包括难以治疗的、多药耐受性菌株。
3.2化合物1与联用剂的联用
对革兰氏阴性细菌的效应:
化合物1与除了粘菌素或磷霉素以外的临床用于治疗革兰氏阴性菌所致感染的抗菌药物联用产生了无关的效果(参见2.2节,表1B和1C),表明化合物1可能与β-内酰胺类、氨基甙类抗生素、氟代喹诺酮或替加环素组合对病人进行经验治疗。
对革兰氏阳性菌的效应:
化合物1与0.5倍MIC的氨苄青霉或头孢曲松联用一方面降低了化合物1对三种MRSA指示菌株的MIC,但是另一方面对MSSA试验菌株不适用(第2.2节,表2A)。这一发现是出乎意料的,因为MRSA菌株中的β-内酰胺类靶标,青霉素-结合蛋白2,已经突变为具有非常低的β-内酰胺亲和力。这也同样适用于化合物1加上头孢曲松对肺炎链球菌BAY19397的组合效应。此外,敏感型参考菌株不会受联用影响。看起来不大可能是暴露在化合物1中恢复了目标靶标β-内酰胺类的亲和力。因此,这项研究的发现,即,氨苄西林或头孢曲松亚抑菌浓度与化合物1联用对MRSA和β-内酰胺耐受性链球菌和肠球菌表现出协同作用是出乎意料的。化合物1与β-内酰胺类联用恢复了β-内酰胺类在甲氧西林或青霉素耐药性葡萄球菌、链球菌及肠球菌治疗中的疗效。
化合物1与万古霉素或达托霉素(2.2节,表2B)或替加环素(表2C)的联用产生了无关作用。
化合物1与莫西沙星或利奈唑胺的联用是高度协同的,其将化合物1对大部分菌株的MIC降至<0.000025mg/L(2.2节,表2C)。因此,化合物1与莫西沙星或利奈唑胺的联用显然恢复了它们对喹诺酮-或噁唑烷酮耐药性细菌的活性,增强了两种组分对这些难以治疗的革兰氏阳性MDR菌株的疗效。
从上述给出的数据可以总结出:
1.粘菌素显著地增强了噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物(例如化合物1)对革兰氏阴性细菌的活性,扩展了噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物(例如化合物1)对革兰氏阴性细菌(包括难以治疗的MDR菌株)的抗菌谱。
2.由于无关或协同联合作用效应,噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物(例如化合物1)可以与其他用于治疗革兰氏阴性菌的市售抗菌剂联用,在细菌感染的经验治疗初期,补充噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物(例如化合物1)的主要革兰氏阳性菌抗菌谱。
3.噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物(例如化合物1)与β-内酰胺类或莫西沙星和利奈唑胺联用,可观察到其对MRSA和MDR-肺炎双球菌或MDR-肠球菌的高度协同作用,从而增强了噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物(例如化合物1)的活性,并且可能恢复β-内酰胺类或莫西沙星和利奈唑胺的活性。
Claims (16)
1.一种以下的组合:
i)至少一种噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物与
ii)至少一种进一步的不同于化合物(i)的抗菌化合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合,其特征在于,所述至少一种噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物为式(I)所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物或水合物:
其中,
A为亚烷基、亚烯基、亚炔基、杂亚烷基、环亚烷基、杂环亚烷基、烷基环亚烷基、杂烷基环亚烷基、亚芳基、或杂亚芳基,所有这些基团都可被取代;
X为CR7或N;
Y为CR6或N;
n为1、2或3;
m为1、2或3;
R1为H、F、Cl、Br、I、OH、NH2、烷基或杂烷基;
R2为H、F或Cl;
R3为H、烷基、烯基、炔基、杂烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、烷基环烷基、杂烷基环烷基、芳基、杂芳基、芳烷基或杂芳烷基;所有这些基团都可被1个、2个、或多个像F或Cl的卤素原子或氨基取代;
R4为氢,式PO3R9 2或SO3R10所示基团,带有至少1个OH、NH2、SO3R10、PO3R9 2或COOH的杂烷基,或天然存在的氨基酸的酯或其衍生物,其中,基团R9各自独立地为H、烷基、环烷基、芳基或芳烷基,并且其中R10为H、烷基、环烷基、芳基或芳烷基;
R5选自下述基团:
R6为H、F、Cl或OMe;
R7为H、F、Cl、OH、NH2、取代或未取代的烷基或取代或未取代的杂烷基,或
R3和R7可通过亚烷基、亚烯基或杂亚烷基相连,或者,成为环亚烷基或杂环亚烷基的一部分;如果R3不为H且R7不为H、F、OH、NH2或Cl;以及
R8为C1-6烷基、C1-6杂烷基或杂芳烷基。
3.如权利要求1所述的组合,其特征在于,所述至少一种噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物为式(II)所示化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物或水合物:
其中,
B为CH2或CH2CH2;
X为CH、N或C-OMe,以及R3为环丙基,或
X为CR7且R7与R3共同形成式-O-CH2-CH(Me)-所示的桥;
n为1、2或3;
m为2和
R4为氢,或式PO3H2所示的基团。
4.如权利要求1所述的组合,其特征在于,所述至少一种噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物选自下组的化合物或其盐、溶剂合物或水合物:
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸;
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸
5.如权利要求1-4任一项所示的组合,其特征在于,所述至少一种进一步的抗菌化合物(ii)选自下组的化合物:
β-内酰胺类:
-青霉烯类包括碳代、硫代以及乙二酸青霉烯类,例如亚胺培南、美罗培南、厄他培南、法罗培南、比阿培南;
-头孢菌素类例如头孢唑林、头孢吡肟、头孢噻肟、头孢西丁、头孢洛林、头孢他啶、头孢吡普、头孢曲松、头孢呋辛和头孢氨苄;
-单菌霉素,例如氨曲南,BAL30072;
-青霉素例如青霉素G(苄基青霉素),青霉素V(苯氧基甲基青霉素);酰胺基青霉素例如哌拉西林、美洛西林、阿洛西林;氨基青霉素例如氨苄西林、阿莫西林;异噁唑青霉素例如苯唑西林、氯唑西林、双氯西林、氟氯西林;甲氧西林;舒他西林;替卡西林、羧苄西林、替莫西林;
-β-内酰胺类与β-内酰胺酶抑制剂联用,例如克拉维酸+阿莫西林、舒巴坦+氨苄西林、三唑巴坦+哌拉西林、替卡西林+克拉维酸、头孢他啶+阿维巴坦、头孢洛林+阿维巴坦、亚胺培南+MX-7655、比阿培南+RPX7009、氨曲南+阿维巴坦;
磷霉素;
膦胺霉素;
糖肽类例如替考拉宁、万古霉素;
脂肽类例如达托霉素;
脂糖肽类例如特拉万星、奥利万星、达巴万星;
其他制剂有效对抗革兰氏阳性菌例如GSK-1322322、AFN-1252、MUT-056399;
多肽例如杆菌肽、粘菌素、短杆菌肽、多粘菌素B、短杆菌素;
其他的膜作用剂例如布里新汀、POL7080、ACHN-975;
氨基糖苷类例如阿米卡星、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、新霉素、奈替米星、链霉素、妥布霉素;
氯霉素、甲砜霉素;
夫西地酸;
大环内脂类例如阿奇毒素、克拉霉素、红霉素、罗红,
酮内酯类抗生素例如喹红霉素、那多霉素、泰利霉素、索利霉素;
林可酰胺类抗生素例如克林霉素、林可霉素;
链霉杀阳菌素例如达福普汀、奎奴普丁;
聚酮化合物
噁唑烷酮例如利奈唑胺、泰地唑胺、雷得唑来;
四环素例如脱氧土霉素、盐酸米诺环素、四环素、氧四环素;
甘氨环素类例如替加环素、奥玛环素;
II型拓扑异构酶抑制剂:
-喹诺酮(尤其是氟代喹诺酮)例如诺氟沙星、依诺沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、左氧氟沙星、加替沙星、格帕沙星、莫西沙星、德拉沙星、非那沙星、奈诺沙星、氟喹诺酮、奥泽沙星、昌欣沙星、JNJ-Q2、DS-8587、KPI-10、GSK2140944、ACH-702;
香豆素类例如新生霉素、氯新生霉素、库马霉素A;
硝基咪唑类例如甲硝唑、替硝唑、奥硝唑、尼莫唑;
叶酸激动剂:
-磺胺类药例如磺胺嘧啶、磺胺多辛、磺胺甲恶唑、柳氮磺胺吡啶;
-二氨基嘧啶例如乙胺嘧啶、甲氧苄啶;
安沙霉素:
-利福霉素例如利福平、利福布汀、利福喷丁、利福昔明;
更多分级:
-截短侧耳素例如BC-3781、BC-7013;
-亮氨酰-t-RNA合成酶抑制剂例如AN3365。
6.如权利要求1-4任一项所示的组合,其特征在于,所述至少一种进一步的抗菌化合物(ii)选自下组化合物:粘菌素、磷霉素、妥布霉素、环丙沙星、替加环素、亚胺培南、哌拉西林-三唑巴坦、头孢他啶、氨苄西林、头孢曲松、万古霉素、达托霉素、莫西沙星和利奈唑胺。
7.如权利要求1-4任一项所示的组合,其特征在于,所述至少一种进一步的抗菌化合物(ii)选自下组化合物:粘菌素和其它聚合阳离子(或多阳离子抗菌剂)例如杆菌肽、短杆菌肽、多粘菌素B、短杆菌素、和氨基糖苷类(例如阿米卡星、庆大霉素、卡那霉素、新霉素、奈替米星、链霉素和妥布霉素)。
8.如权利要求1-4任一项所示的组合,其特征在于,所述至少一种进一步的抗菌化合物(ii)选自下组化合物:氟代喹诺酮,例如诺氟沙星、依诺沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、左氧氟沙星、加替沙星、格帕沙星、莫西沙星、德拉沙星、奈诺沙星、氟喹诺酮、奥泽沙星、昌欣沙星、JNJ-Q2、DS-8587、KPI-10、GSK2140944、ACH-702和非那沙星,还有噁唑烷酮例如利奈唑胺、泰地唑胺和雷得唑来。
9.如权利要求1-4任一项所示的组合,其特征在于,所述至少一种进一步的抗菌化合物(ii)选自下组化合物:β-内酰胺类例如阿莫西林、氨苄西林、青霉素G(苄基青霉素)、青霉素V(苯氧基甲基青霉素)、哌拉西林、美洛西林、阿洛西林、苯唑西林、氯唑西林、双氯西林、氟氯西林、舒他西林、羧苄西林、替莫西林、替卡西林、亚胺培南、美罗培南、厄他培南、法罗培南、比阿培南、头孢唑林、头孢吡肟、头孢噻肟、头孢西丁、头孢洛林、头孢他啶、头孢吡普、头孢曲松、头孢呋辛和头孢氨苄、氨曲南和BAL30072还有β-内酰胺类与β-内酰胺酶抑制剂联用,例如克拉维酸+阿莫西林、舒巴坦+氨苄西林、三唑巴坦+哌拉西林、替卡西林+克拉维酸、头孢他啶+阿维巴坦、头孢洛林+阿维巴坦、亚胺培南+MX-7655、比阿培南+RPX7009、和氨曲南+阿维巴坦。
10.如权利要求1-4任一项所示的组合,其特征在于,所述至少一种进一步的抗菌化合物(ii)选自下组化合物:万古霉素、达托霉素、妥布霉素、环丙沙星、替加环素、亚胺培南、哌拉西林-三唑巴坦、特拉万星、达巴万星、奥利万星和头孢他啶。
11.如权利要求1-4任一项所示的组合,其特征在于,所述至少一种进一步的抗菌化合物(ii)选自下组化合物:磷霉素和其他细胞壁合成抑制剂,例如β-内酰胺类、阿莫西林、青霉素G(苄基青霉素),青霉素V(苯氧基甲基青霉素)、哌拉西林、美洛西林、阿洛西林、苯唑西林、氯唑西林、双氯西林、氟氯西林、舒他西林、羧苄西林、替莫西林、替卡西林、亚胺培南、美罗培南、厄他培南、法罗培南、比阿培南、头孢唑林、头孢吡肟、头孢噻肟、头孢西丁、头孢洛林、头孢他啶、头孢吡普、头孢曲松、头孢呋辛和头孢氨苄、氨曲南、BAL30072还有β-内酰胺类与β-内酰胺酶抑制剂克拉维酸+阿莫西林、舒巴坦+氨苄西林、三唑巴坦+哌拉西林、替卡西林+克拉维酸、头孢他啶+阿维巴坦、头孢洛林+阿维巴坦、亚胺培南+MX-7655、比阿培南+RPX7009、氨曲南+阿维巴坦。
12.如权利要求1所述的组合,其特征在于,所述至少一种噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物选自下组化合物或其盐、溶剂合物或水合物:
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-羟基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸:
7-(4-{4-[(5S)-5-(乙酰氨基-甲基)-2-氧-噁唑烷-3-基]-2-氟-苯氧甲基}-4-磷酰基氧基-哌啶-1-基)-1-环丙基-6-氟-4-氧-1,4-二氢-喹啉-3-羧酸:
以及
其中,所述至少一种进一步的抗菌化合物(ii)选自下组化合物:粘菌素、磷霉素、氨苄西林、头孢曲松、莫西沙星和利奈唑胺。
13.一种药物组合物,包含如前述权利要求任一所述的组合及任选的载体和/或稀释剂和/或辅助剂。
14.一种多部分试剂盒,包括:
i)至少一种如权利要求1-4或12所述的噁唑烷酮-喹诺酮杂合物和
ii)如权利要求1和5-12任一项所述的至少一种进一步的不同于化合物(i)的抗菌化合物。
15.根据前述任一权利要求所述的组合或药物组合物或多部分试剂盒,用于治疗和/或预防细菌感染。
16.一种治疗患有细菌感染或对细菌感染易感的对象的方法,包含对该对象施用前述任一权利要求所述的组合、药物组合物或多部分试剂盒。
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CN111170911A (zh) * | 2019-09-29 | 2020-05-19 | 安帝康(无锡)生物科技有限公司 | 用于治疗细菌感染性疾病的截短侧耳素类化合物 |
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