CN105244412B - A kind of passivating method of N-type crystal silicon battery boron emitter stage - Google Patents

A kind of passivating method of N-type crystal silicon battery boron emitter stage Download PDF

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CN105244412B
CN105244412B CN201510562071.5A CN201510562071A CN105244412B CN 105244412 B CN105244412 B CN 105244412B CN 201510562071 A CN201510562071 A CN 201510562071A CN 105244412 B CN105244412 B CN 105244412B
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emitter stage
boron
layer
layers
silicon substrate
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CN105244412A (en
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张中伟
廖亚琴
张世勇
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Dongfang Electric Corp
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L31/186Particular post-treatment for the devices, e.g. annealing, impurity gettering, short-circuit elimination, recrystallisation
    • H01L31/1868Passivation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of passivating method of N-type crystal silicon battery boron emitter stage, its passivation step is as follows:Phosphorus doping N+ layers and P+ layers of boron emitter stage are formed respectively on the two sides of N-type silicon substrate first;Then N-type silicon substrate is carried out into oxidative deactivation treatment, silicon oxide film is generated respectively on phosphorus doping N+ layers and boron emitter stage P+ layers;Finally SiN is deposited on the silicon oxide film on N-type silicon substrate two sidesxFilm;By the use of silica and silicon nitride stack film as the passivating film of boron emitter stage, wherein silica prepares generation to the present invention by low-temperature dry oxidation, and thickness is 2~10nm, and silicon nitride is prepared using PECVD methods;Film system preparation technology is relatively simple for this passivation, and process controllability is strong, equipment cost is low, consumables cost is low, can be suitable to large-scale industrial production with current crystal silicon cell manufacturing line hardware compatibility.

Description

A kind of passivating method of N-type crystal silicon battery boron emitter stage
Technical field
The present invention relates to manufacture of solar cells technical field, particularly a kind of passivation of N-type crystal silicon battery boron emitter stage Method.
Background technology
Current crystal silicon cell is the main product in solar cell market, and crystal silicon solar batteries are from material matrix type It is upper to be divided into p-type crystal silicon battery and N-type crystal silicon battery again.Relative to P type monocrystalline silicon batteries, n type single crystal silicon battery has light The features such as induced attenuation is small, resistance to metal impurity con performance is good, minority carrierdiffusion length is long, has huge in terms of improved efficiency Potentiality.
For the N-type crystal silicon battery of simple structure, preparation flow be typically making herbs into wool->Boron diffusion->Phosphorus diffusion/note Enter->Passivation->Antireflective coating deposition->Electrode print, wherein to boron emitter stage(P+ layers)Performance of the passivation for battery It is most important.Thin film material system and technical method currently for the passivation of boron emitter stage have a lot, useful atomic layer deposition method (ALD)Prepare aluminum oxide(Al2O3)Film is passivated;Using plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition(PECVD)Method is deposited Al2O3Thin film passivation;Use amorphous silicon hydride(α-Si:H)Film come realize passivation;Made using being processed in salpeter solution The methods such as standby oxidative deactivation film.But traditional ALD equipment has that growth rate is slow, stock utilization is low and equipment price is high in itself Expensive shortcoming, the solar cell industry with large-scale production is incompatible, only with technological progress and the reduction of equipment cost, even The ALD equipment and Al of continuous sedimentation type2O3Thin film passivation technique could enter manufacture of solar cells.PECVD prepares α-Si:H films There is also that chemical material utilization rate is low and α-Si:H films H after oversintering is lost in the problem that inactivating performance declines.Therefore, seek The passivating method that inactivating performance is good, process controllability is strong, equipment cost is low, consumables cost is low is extensive for N-type cell Promote significant.
The content of the invention
The present invention is intended to provide a kind of passivating method of N-type crystal silicon battery boron emitter stage, using silica and silicon nitride Laminate film as boron emitter stage passivating film, wherein silica by low-temperature dry oxidation prepare generation, thickness be 2~ 10nm, silicon nitride is prepared using PECVD methods.Film system preparation technology is relatively simple for this passivation, process controllability is strong, equipment into This low, consumables cost is low, can be suitable to large-scale industrial production with current crystal silicon cell manufacturing line hardware compatibility.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:
A kind of passivating method of N-type crystal silicon battery boron emitter stage, it is characterised in that passivation step is as follows:
(1)On the two sides of N-type silicon substrate by diffusion or ion implanting twice, formed respectively on the two sides of N-type silicon substrate Phosphorus doping N+ layers and P+ layers of boron emitter stage;
(2)Step(1)In N-type silicon substrate be placed in oxidative deactivation treatment carried out in high purity oxygen gas atmosphere, by low temperature Thermal oxide generates one layer of silicon oxide film respectively on phosphorus doping P+ layers and phosphorus doping N+ layers;
(3)SiN is deposited on the silicon oxide film on N-type silicon substrate two sidesxFilm.
Step(1)In diffusion twice refer to:N-type silicon substrate is spread by high temperature boron and realizes that N-type silicon substrate one side boron is mixed It is miscellaneous to prepare P+ layers of boron emitter stage;By wet etching remove boron emitter stage P+ layer surfaces Pyrex layer, back side diffusion around Layer is penetrated, phosphorus diffusion mask layer is prepared on P+ layers of boron emitter stage, then carries out phosphorus to the another side of N-type silicon substrate and diffuse to form phosphorus mixing Miscellaneous N+ layers, phosphorosilicate glass layer and boron using chemical etching method removal phosphorus doping N+ layer surfaces launch the diffusion mask of pole-face Layer;Step(1)In ion implanting refer to by N-type silicon substrate by high temperature boron spread realize N-type silicon substrate one side boron adulterate system It is standby go out P+ layers of boron emitter stage;Pyrex layer, the back side diffusion diffraction layer of boron emitter stage P+ layer surfaces are removed by wet etching, The another side to N-type silicon substrate carries out phosphorus injection again, activates to form phosphorus doping N+ layers by process annealing.
Step(2)The thickness of the silicon oxide film of middle generation is 2~10nm.
Step(2)The oxidizing temperature of middle oxidative deactivation treatment is 650 DEG C -790 DEG C, and oxygen flow is 0.3-10slm, oxygen The change time is 5min-60min.
Step(3)In deposition deposited using plasma reinforced chemical vapour deposition method, by control deposition bar Part, makes SiNxH is rich in film.
Step(3)In depositing temperature be 400-450 DEG C, sedimentation time is 8-15min, SiH during deposition4Flow is 500sccm-1700sccm, NH3Flow is 4000sccm-8000sccm, and radio-frequency power is 5000W-7000W, deposition pressure It is 1300-2000mTorr, prepares SiNxFilm thickness is 65-75nm.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
By the use of silica/silicon nitride stack as the passivation layer of N-type cell boron emitter stage, silica has in process Prepared by low-temperature dry oxidation technology, silicon nitride is prepared by PECVD technique.Low-temperature dry oxidation can spread in boron emitter stage and phosphorus Thin layer of silicon oxide is formed on layer simultaneously, the dangling bond density on boron emitter stage and phosphorus-diffused layer surface can be effectively reduced, it is right to realize It is passivated while battery front side and the back side;The H in battery prepares sintering process of the silicon nitride film rich in H diffuses to Si/ simultaneously SiO2Interface, the dangling bond at boundary saturation is further passivated to boron emitter stage and phosphorus doping layer surface.Prepare oxide passivated film Oxidizing temperature at 650 DEG C -790 DEG C, temperature is relatively low, to boron diffusion and phosphorus diffusion concentration curve distribution influence it is little, it is easy to Control;Avoid the pyroprocess of silicon chip experience conventional dry oxidation(850 DEG C~1100 DEG C), can keep minority carrier life time not because Pyroprocess and decay.Additionally, the equipment that oxidation is used is tube furnace, it is crystal silicon battery producing line equipment the most common, with original Sublayer depositing device and preparation Al2O3The PECVD device of film is compared, and cost of equipment and consumptive material expense are all very low, therefore low temperature is dry Method oxidative deactivation is a kind of simple, economic process, it is easy to mass produced.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is passivation film structural representation of the invention;
Wherein, accompanying drawing 1 is labeled as:1 is the SiN on silicon chip two sidesxLayer;2 is the SiO above P+ layers and N+ layers2Passivation layer;3 are Boron doping emitter stage P+;4 is N-type silicon base;5 is phosphorus doping layer N+.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
As shown in figure 1, a kind of passivating method of N-type crystal silicon battery boron emitter stage, comprises the following steps:
(1)It is substrate to use N type monocrystalline silicon silicon chips, and resistivity is 1 ~ 12 Wcm, and thickness is 170 ~ 200 mm, by silicon Piece is cleaned, and removes the damage layer on surface, and aqueous slkali carries out making herbs into wool treatment to silicon chip;
(2)Above-mentioned silicon chip is spread by high temperature boron and realizes that P+ layers of boron emitter stage is prepared in the doping of silicon chip one side boron;
(3)Surface Pyrex, back side diffusion diffraction layer are removed by wet etching, phosphorus is prepared on P+ layers of boron emitter stage Diffusion mask layer;
(4)Using tube furnace simultaneously carrying out phosphorus and diffuse to form N+ layer in addition to silicon chip, using chemical etching method removal The phosphorosilicate glass layer on surface and the diffusion mask layer of P+ layers of boron emitter stage;
(5)(4)In silicon chip be put into oxidation furnace in oxidative deactivation treatment, oxidizing temperature are carried out in high purity oxygen gas atmosphere It it is 650 DEG C -790 DEG C, preferably 720 DEG C, oxidization time is 5min-60min, preferably 25min, and oxygen flow is 0.3slm- 10slm, preferably 3slm, silicon oxide film is generated on silicon chip two sides simultaneously, and thickness is 2-10nm;
(6)SiN is deposited on the silicon oxide film on silicon chip two sides by the method for PECVDxFilm, depositing temperature is 400-460 DEG C, preferably 450 DEG C, sedimentation time is 8-15min, preferably 12min, SiH during deposition4Flow is 500sccm- 1700sccm, NH3Flow is 4000sccm-8000sccm, and radio-frequency power is 5000W-7000W, and deposition pressure is 1300- 2000mTorr, prepares SiNxFilm thickness is 65-75nm.
Embodiment 2
As shown in figure 1, a kind of passivating method of N-type crystal silicon battery boron emitter stage, comprises the following steps:
(1)It is substrate to use N type monocrystalline silicon silicon chips, and resistivity is 1 ~ 12 Wcm, and thickness is 170 ~ 200 mm, by silicon Piece is cleaned, and removes the damage layer on surface, and aqueous slkali carries out making herbs into wool treatment to silicon chip;
(2)Above-mentioned silicon chip is spread by high temperature boron and realizes that P+ layers of boron emitter stage is prepared in the doping of silicon chip one side boron;
(3)Surface Pyrex, back side diffusion diffraction layer are removed by wet etching, using the method for injection in silicon chip Phosphorus doping is simultaneously carried out in addition, N+ layers of phosphorus doping is formed after annealing;
(4)(3)In silicon chip be put into oxidation furnace in oxidative deactivation treatment, oxidizing temperature are carried out in high purity oxygen gas atmosphere It is 670 DEG C, oxidization time is 45min, oxygen flow is 5slm, silicon oxide film is generated simultaneously on silicon chip two sides, thickness is 2- 10nm;
(5)SiN is deposited on the silicon oxide film on silicon chip two sides by the method for PECVDxFilm, depositing temperature is 440 DEG C, sedimentation time is 10min, SiH during deposition4Flow is 1000sccm, NH3Flow is 6000sccm, and radio-frequency power is 5500W, Deposition pressure is 1500mTorr, prepares SiNxFilm thickness is 65-75nm.
The method being passivated using non-oxidation is obtained the front back side and all plates silicon nitride structure, is comparative example 1:
(1)It is substrate to use N type monocrystalline silicon, and resistivity is 1 ~ 12 Wcm, and thickness is 170 ~ 200 mm, and silicon chip is entered Row cleaning, removes the damage layer on surface, and aqueous slkali carries out making herbs into wool treatment to silicon chip;
(2)Above-mentioned silicon chip is spread by high temperature boron and realizes that boron emitter stage P+ is prepared in the doping of silicon chip one side boron;
(3)Surface Pyrex, back side diffusion diffraction layer are removed by wet etching, preparing phosphorus on boron transmitting pole-face expands Dissipate mask layer;
(4)Using tube furnace simultaneously carrying out phosphorus and diffuse to form N+ layer in addition to silicon chip, using chemical etching method removal The phosphorosilicate glass layer and boron on surface launch the diffusion mask layer of pole-face;
(5)SiN is deposited on the silicon oxide film on silicon chip two sides by the method for PECVDxFilm, depositing temperature is 400-460 DEG C, preferably 450 DEG C, sedimentation time is 8-15min, preferably 12min, SiH during deposition4Flow is 500sccm- 1700sccm, NH3Flow is 4000sccm-8000sccm, and radio-frequency power is 5000W-7000W, and deposition pressure is 1300- 2000mTorr, prepares SiNxFilm thickness is 65-75nm.
Determine the minority carrier life time and potential open-circuit voltage of silicon chip in above-described embodiment 1 and comparative example 1(implied Voc), Result see the table below shown:
From above-mentioned, using the silicon chip of Passivation Treatment of the present invention, its minority carrier life time and potential open-circuit voltage be not than blunt The silicon chip of change is greatly improved, and technique is relatively easy, and equipment requirement is not high, with crystal silicon battery producing line hardware compatibility, production Low cost, with positive realistic meaning.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of passivating method of N-type crystal silicon battery boron emitter stage, it is characterised in that passivation step is as follows:
(1)On the two sides of N-type silicon substrate by diffusion or ion implanting twice, phosphorus is formed respectively on the two sides of N-type silicon substrate and is mixed Miscellaneous N+ layers and P+ layers of boron emitter stage;
(2)Step(1)In N-type silicon substrate be placed in oxidative deactivation treatment carried out in high purity oxygen gas atmosphere, by Low Temperature Thermal oxygen Change and generate one layer of silicon oxide film respectively on P+ layers of boron emitter stage and phosphorus doping N+ layers;The oxidation temperature of the oxidative deactivation treatment It is 650 DEG C -790 DEG C to spend, and oxygen flow is 0.3-10slm, and oxidization time is 5min-60min;
(3)SiN is deposited on the silicon oxide film on N-type silicon substrate two sidesxFilm.
2. the passivating method of a kind of N-type crystal silicon battery boron emitter stage according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(1) In diffusion twice refer to:N-type silicon substrate is spread by high temperature boron and realizes that boron emitter stage is prepared in the doping of N-type silicon substrate one side boron P+ layers;Pyrex layer, the back side diffusion diffraction layer of boron emitter stage P+ layer surfaces are removed by wet etching, in boron emitter stage P+ Phosphorus diffusion mask layer is prepared on layer, then phosphorus is carried out to the another side of N-type silicon substrate and diffuse to form phosphorus doping N+ layer, using chemistry quarter The phosphorosilicate glass layer and boron of etching method removal phosphorus doping N+ layer surfaces launch the diffusion mask layer of pole-face;Step(1)In ion Injection refers to spread N-type silicon substrate by high temperature boron to realize that P+ layers of boron emitter stage is prepared in the doping of N-type silicon substrate one side boron;It is logical Pyrex layer, the back side diffusion diffraction layer of wet etching removal boron emitter stage P+ layer surfaces are crossed, then to the another of N-type silicon substrate Face carries out phosphorus injection, activates to form phosphorus doping N+ layers by process annealing.
3. the passivating method of a kind of N-type crystal silicon battery boron emitter stage according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(2) The thickness of the silicon oxide film of middle generation is 2~10nm.
4. the passivating method of a kind of N-type crystal silicon battery boron emitter stage according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:Step(3) In deposition deposited using plasma reinforced chemical vapour deposition method, by controlling sedimentary condition, make SiNxIn film Rich in H.
5. the passivating method of a kind of N-type crystal silicon battery boron emitter stage according to claim 1 or 4, it is characterised in that:Step (3)In depositing temperature be 400-450 DEG C, sedimentation time is 8-15min, SiH during deposition4Flow is 500sccm- 1700sccm, NH3Flow is 4000sccm-8000sccm, and radio-frequency power is 5000W-7000W, and deposition pressure is 1300- 2000mTorr, prepares SiNxFilm thickness is 65-75nm.
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