CN105237514B - 一种具有生物显影功能的咔唑三联吡啶锌配合物双光子荧光探针及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种具有生物显影功能的咔唑三联吡啶锌配合物双光子荧光探针及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有生物显影功能的咔唑三联吡啶锌配合物双光子荧光探针及其制备方法,其中咔唑三联吡啶锌配合物双光子荧光探针的结构式为:本发明合成的配合物探针分子ZnL2(NO3)2在800nm处具有大的双光子吸收截面,激发能量低、穿透性强、光损伤小。
Description
一、技术领域
本发明涉及一种双光子荧光探针及其制备方法,具体地说是一种具有生物显影功能的咔唑三联吡啶锌配合物双光子荧光探针及其制备方法,可应用于活体细胞和小动物双光子显微成像。
二、背景技术
小分子荧光探针在生物医药,医学诊断,分子生物学和细胞生物学等领域起着越来越重要的作用。近年的诺贝尔奖授予了如荧光蛋白(GFP)的发现者,超级分辨率显微镜(SRCM)的发明设计者等,预示了小分子荧光探针具有不可限量的应用前景。尤其是具有双光子荧光效应的金属配合物小分子生物探针,它具有三点其它材料不可替代的优势:其一,配体很容易进行修饰,调节荧光,并且可以根据要求进行蛋白质化,糖化等,以达到生物靶向目的;其二,中心金属(如锌,钌,铂等)可以很好的控制分子内荧光,发生配体金属电子转移(LMCT)和金属配体电子转移(MLCT),实现对配合物光学性质的调控;其三,中心金属电子云密度大,还可以通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)进行观察,以此开发具有生物靶向性的新型电镜探针。
然而,制备新型生物显像双光子荧光探针必须符合以下基本要求:强双光子效应、低毒性、生物相容性、水溶性等。面临的难题是增大分子共轭体系提高双光子效应的同时,增大了探针分子的分子量,势必造成探针分子生物相容性、水溶性差,难以穿透生物膜(如细胞膜,血管内壁等),如果借助有机溶剂DMSO,DMF等溶解探针分子,必会对生物体造成明显的毒副作用。
申请人对本申请的主题进行了如下的文献检索:
1、www.google.com网检索结果:(2015/8/18)
2、中国期刊网检索结果:
检索方式一:
篇名-一种具有生物显影功能的咔唑三联吡啶锌配合物双光子荧光探针无相关文献。
检索方式二:
全文-一种具有生物显影功能的咔唑三联吡啶锌配合物双光子荧光探针无相关文献。
三、发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种具有生物显影功能的咔唑三联吡啶锌配合物双光子荧光探针及其制备方法,以配位功能强的三联吡啶作为电子受体(Acceptor,A),以发光性好和生物相容性的咔唑作为电子给体(Donor,D),并引入兼具有水溶性和生物相容性的柔性醚氧链,组装形成推拉电子(D-A)结构的小分子量、强双光子效应的功能配体,选择对生物无毒的锌作为中心体,制备了综合性能好的配合物双光子荧光探针。
本发明咔唑三联吡啶锌配合物双光子荧光探针的结构式为:
本发明咔唑三联吡啶锌配合物双光子荧光探针的制备方法如下:
1、配体L的制备
将8.40g(0.030mol)N-二甘醇单甲醚-3-甲酰基咔唑溶于50mL乙醇中,常温搅拌下加入9mL(0.075mol)2-乙酰基吡啶以及6.72g(0.12mol)KOH,常温下反应18h,反应结束后抽滤,水洗,得到黄色固体,即为配体L。
2、配合物ZnL2(NO3)2的制备
将0.20g(0.4mmol)配体L溶于50mL甲醇中,随后加入0.06g(0.2mmol)Zn(NO3)2·6H2O的甲醇溶液,65℃回流反应2h,浓缩,抽滤,用乙醇洗涤,得黄色固体,即为目标产物。
合成路线如下:
与已有技术相比,本发明的有益效果体现在:
1、本发明合成的配合物探针分子ZnL2(NO3)2在800nm处具有大的双光子吸收截面(图1),激发能量低、穿透性强、光损伤小。
2、与配体相比配合物探针分子ZnL2(NO3)2的双光子荧光明显增强(图2),由于锌的无毒、醚氧链的水溶性和咔唑的生物相容性,是一种高效、低毒、生物相容性的生物显影探针。
3、本发明合成的配合物探针分子ZnL2(NO3)2,是一种可以同时靶向两种不同细胞器——细胞膜和细胞核的双光子荧光探针(图3),在国际上还没有报道的先例,也不存在类似可利用的商业生物荧光探针。
4、本发明合成的配合物探针分子ZnL2(NO3)2,能透过小动物的血脑屏障,被脑细胞摄取,发出强的荧光(图4)、(图5),可能成为中枢神经系统探针或者药物载体。
5、本发明合成的配合物探针分子ZnL2(NO3)2,原料易得,成本低,反应条件温和,合成步骤简单,使其商业化成为可能。
四、附图说明
图1是配体L和配合物ZnL2(NO3)2在DMF中的双光子吸收截面比较,说明配合物在红外区的双光子吸收截面远比配体L的大。
图2是配体L和配合物ZnL2(NO3)2的双光子荧光强度比较,说明配合物的双光子荧光强度远比配体L的强。
图3是配合物ZnL2(NO3)2与肝癌细胞的双光子共聚焦成像,其中A.1μmol ZnL2(NO3)2与HepG2细胞共培养30分钟的双光子共聚焦成像,明场图以及叠加图;B.1μmol ZnL2(PF6)2与HepG2细胞共培养30分钟的双光子共聚焦成像,与细胞膜商染CellMask的共染以及叠加图。说明该探针具有细胞通透性和细胞摄取性,在肝癌细胞膜和细胞核处发出强荧光。
图4A是1μmol配合物ZnL2(NO3)2作为探针与斑马鱼共培养12小时后的照片以及UV灯下的照片,图4B是1μmol配合物ZnL2(NO3)2作为探针与斑马鱼共培养12小时的双光子共聚焦成像,与细胞膜商染CellMask的共染以及叠加图。说明该探针可以在斑马鱼头部(脑部)发荧光。
图5是用100微摩配合物ZnL2(NO3)2作为探针对小鼠进行静脉注射24小时后的脑部成像,其中A.40倍对局部脑部放大,与毛细血管商染Lectin,细胞核商染DAPI的共染以及叠加图;B.60倍放大;C.200倍放大。说明该探针可以在小鼠的脑部发荧光。
五、具体实施方式
本实施例中咔唑三联吡啶锌配合物双光子荧光探针的制备方法如下:
1、配体L的制备
将8.40g(0.030mol)N-二甘醇单甲醚-3-甲酰基咔唑溶于50mL乙醇,置于250mL烧瓶常温搅拌,向其中加入9mL(0.075mol)2-乙酰基吡啶,加入6.72g(0.12mol)KOH溶液,反应18h,抽滤,水洗,得到黄色固体,即为配体L,产率53%。
1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz,ppm)δ(ppm)=3.34(s,3H),3.45(q,2H),3,56(q,2H),3.93(t,2H),4.57(t,2H),7.31(t,1H),7.39(t,2H),7.51(d,2H),7.60(d,1H),7.91(t,2H),8.07(d,1H),8.23(d,1H),8.68(s,1H),8.73(d,2H),8.79(d,2H),8.89(s,1H).
13C NMR(CDCl3,150MHz):δ(ppm)=155.47,155.23,150.38,149.24,140.99,140.80,137.33,128.26,126.09,124.54,124.35,122.95,122.27,120.92,120.78,119.27,118.79,117.88,110.39,109.81;71.23,70.50,69.78,68.80,58.02;
IR(KBr,cm-1):3445(m),3063(vw),2918(w),1581(s),1467(s),1123(m),795(m),750(m).MALDI–TOF–MS:m/z,500.2.
2、配合物ZnL2(NO3)2的制备
将0.20g(0.4mmol)配体L溶于50mL甲醇中,置于100mL圆底烧瓶中,向其中加入0.06g(0.2mmol)Zn(NO3)2·6H2O的甲醇溶液,65℃回流反应2h,浓缩,抽滤,用乙醇洗涤,得黄色固体,即为目标产物ZnL2(NO3)2,产率68%。
1H NMR(d-DMSO,400MHz,ppm)δ(ppm)=9.51(s,2H),9.34(s,1H),9.23(d,2H),8.62(d,1H),8.01(t,3H),7.83(t,3H),7.76(d,2H),7.54(t,4H),7.38(t,1H),4.73(t,2H),3.91(t,2H),3.52(t,2H),3.35(t,2H),3.14(s,3H);
13C NMR(CDCl3,150MHz):δ(ppm)=158.03,157.45,152.08,145.28,145.12,139.89,137.20,128.35,125.13,124.26,121.74,121.45,119,87,118.94,118.06,118.02,116.38,110.83,109.61,103.32,71.64,71.21,69.81,59.32,54.90;
IR(KBr,cm-1):3423(s),2915(w),2513(w),1796(m),1472(w),1118(m),874(m),712(m);EI-MS:m/z,cal:1065.37found:532.67[M2+100%].C64H56ZnN10O10:Calcd.C 64.54,H 4.74,N11.76.Found:C 64.69,H 4.78,N 11.68.
3、配合物ZnL2(NO3)2探针的生物学应用研究
1)活细胞荧光:
在活细胞共聚焦成像中,低浓度(1μmol)的探针分子ZnL2(NO3)2与人类肝癌细胞HepG2在0.5小时的共培养后,通过双光子激光共聚焦显微镜观察,展示了异常出色的细胞通透性和细胞摄取性(图3A)。实验结果表明,探针分子对肝癌细胞HepG2以及人类肝组织成纤维正常细胞HELF都具有显影作用。进一步荧光共定位显示,目标分子不仅对细胞膜有识别作用,而且对细胞核也有特异识别作用(图3B)。
2)小动物荧光:
分别以斑马鱼和小鼠作为小动物模型进行研究。
幼年斑马鱼在1μmol探针分子ZnL2(NO3)2的水溶液中培养72-96小时,没有发现异常和死亡现象。经UV灯照射,发现经过ZnL2(NO3)2培养的斑马鱼发出明显荧光(图4A)。通过双光子共聚焦显微镜的观察,发现探针分子大量渗透到斑马鱼活体组织中,并且在大脑内有一定的聚集(图4B)。
成年雄性昆明小鼠通过尾部静脉,注射50μL、100μmol探针分子ZnL2(NO3)2,24小时后,观察小鼠没有发现不良反应和死亡现象。对小鼠麻醉,取出大脑,进行冷冻切片。通过双光子共聚焦显微镜对大脑切片观察,发现探针分子不仅对脑部毛细血管有明显标记,而且大量通过了血脑屏障渗透到脑组织中(图5)。
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