CN105234422B - Centrifugal device, apparatus for preparing metal powder and metal powder preparation method - Google Patents
Centrifugal device, apparatus for preparing metal powder and metal powder preparation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105234422B CN105234422B CN201510771870.3A CN201510771870A CN105234422B CN 105234422 B CN105234422 B CN 105234422B CN 201510771870 A CN201510771870 A CN 201510771870A CN 105234422 B CN105234422 B CN 105234422B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of centrifugal device, including the multistage centrifugal dish set gradually in the axial direction；The axis of multistage centrifugal dish overlaps and arranges, and centrifugal pans at different levels can independently drive rotation, and the centrifugal pan of arbitrary neighborhood two-stage can rotate backward；From first order centrifugal pan to afterbody centrifugal pan, the radial dimension of multistage centrifugal dish increases successively.The centrifugal pans at different levels of above-mentioned centrifugal device can independently drive rotation, enable to be centrifuged, from upper level centrifugal pan, the material thrown away by the rotating speed of regulation centrifugal pans at different levels and fall on next stage centrifugal pan, and molten drop is ground into the drop of appropriate particle size by the impulsive force using the reverse continuous centrifugal of multistage centrifugal dish to produce, power demand is low, efficiency is high, therefore the rotating speed of centrifugal pan at different levels is reduced, it is made to perform well in producing dystectic spherical or class globular metallic powder, improve job stability and service life, reduce production cost.Present invention also offers a kind of apparatus for preparing metal powder and metal powder preparation method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal dust preparing technical field, particularly relate to a kind of centrifugal device, metal dust
Preparation facilities and metal powder preparation method.
Background technology
3D printing technique be a kind of use powdery metal or plastics etc. can jointing material, by successively print
Mode carrys out the technology of constructed object.3D printing technique develops rapidly owing to can be directly produced complicated shape part,
It is used widely in fields such as Aero-Space, hygiene medical treatment, automobile, art, buildings in recent years.3D beats
Print metal dust needs to meet good sphericity, narrow particle size distribution (particle size distribution is between 15～53 μm), oxygen
The features such as content is low, good fluidity, wherein metal dust includes pure metal powder and alloy powder.
The most a lot of 3D print producer and metal injection molded metal dust used are used in precinct laser or electricity
On son bundle melting unit, but performance is the best, have that flow of powder performance is poor, granule-morphology irregularly,
Shape the problems such as consistency is low, laser irradiation splashes, oxygen content value is high, therefore can not mate metal 3D completely
Printing technique.High-quality and print, with 3D, the production status of metal dust matched and limit to a certain extent
The further development of 3D printing technique.At present, the production technology of globular metallic powder mainly have aerosolization method,
Rotary electrode method, plasma spheroidization method and centrifugal atomization etc..
Aerosolization method is by swiftly flowing gas by molten metal liquid (including simple metal liquid and aluminium alloy)
(nitrogen/argon gas) is atomized into the most small drop, and these drops cool down during dropping to atomisation tower
Form spherical powder.Gas atomization production efficiency is high, low cost, but the powder produced have hollow phenomenon and
In satellite distribution of particles, mobility is slightly worse, and its noble gas consumption is bigger.Rotary electrode method is with metal
Or alloy is consutrode, argon/helium is protective gas, and electrode end surface is melted as liquid by electric arc heated,
Through the centrifugal force of electrode high speed rotating molten metal dished out and pulverize as fine drop, being then condensed into metal powder
End.Rotary electrode method can prepare that sphericity is high and metal dust almost without satellite granule, but electric rotating at present
The rotary speed of pole is typically within 20000rpm, it is impossible to provide higher metal drop aerosol dispersion centrifugal force,
So the spherical powder overwhelming majority grain graininess prepared by this technology is between 100～250 μm, it is impossible to meet
Powder size is less than the requirement of 53 μm.Plasma spheroidization method utilizes high-temperature hot that plasma flare produces by shape
Shape irregular metal dust Flashmelt becomes drop, chilling subsequently, " freezing " globulate metal dust.Deng from
Powder size prepared by sub-spheroidising relies on raw material powder particle size, easily reunites because of raw material fine powder and causes feeding to be stranded
Difficult, it is difficult to batch production, and this preparation method is relatively costly.Centrifugal atomization refers to molten metal through at a high speed
Centrifugal force produced by the centrifugal pan rotated is ground into droplet, and then the method forming spherical powder.Centrifugal
Atomization because of its economical rationality, yield is big, equipment manufacturing cost is low, energy consumption is low, production efficiency is high and is extensively made
With.Existing centrifugal device generally pulverizes melted gold in the way of high-speed electric expreess locomotive drives centrifugal pan high speed rotating
Belong to liquid, rotating speed more than the 30000rpm to be reached of centrifugal pan main shaft, dystectic molten metal or aluminium alloy
Temperature is higher, and in centrifugal process, impulsive force to centrifugal pan makes centrifugal pan heating serious, makes the centrifugal pan can not
Continuous long-time high rotation speed operation.The most existing centrifugal atomization and device are only used for preparing glass putty etc. and melt
Point is the metal dust of less than 500 DEG C, it is impossible to be used for producing dystectic metal powder such as titanium valve, cochrome powder
End.
Summary of the invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a kind of and can produce the centrifugal device of refractory metal powder, metal dust system
Standby device and metal powder preparation method.
A kind of centrifugal device, including the multistage centrifugal dish set gradually in the axial direction；Described multistage centrifugal dish
Axis overlaps and arranges, and described centrifugal pans at different levels can independently drive rotation, and arbitrary neighborhood two-stage is centrifugal
Dish can rotate backward；From first order centrifugal pan to afterbody centrifugal pan, the radial direction of described multistage centrifugal dish
Size increases successively.
The centrifugal pans at different levels of above-mentioned centrifugal device can independently drive rotation, by regulating turning of centrifugal pans at different levels
Speed enables to be centrifuged, from upper level centrifugal pan, the material thrown away and falls on next stage centrifugal pan, and use multistage from
Molten drop is ground into the drop of appropriate particle size, power demand by the impulsive force that the reverse continuous centrifugal of cartridge produces
Low, efficiency is high, therefore reduces the rotating speed of centrifugal pan at different levels so that it is perform well in produce titanium valve, cobalt chromium
Alloyed powders etc. are dystectic spherical or class globular metallic powder, also improve the stability of centrifugal pan work and make
With the life-span, decrease the loss of centrifugal device, reduce production cost.
Wherein in an embodiment, in the axial direction, the outer peripheral edge protrusion upper level of next stage centrifugal pan is centrifuged
The outer peripheral edge of dish.
Wherein in an embodiment, the rounded tabular of card of described first order centrifugal pan, other levels from
The periphery of cartridge has the stop section for accepting the material that upper level centrifugal pan is dished out, outside described stop section
Periphery is rounded, and the card of described stop section is globoidal structure.
The most described first order of other grade of centrifugal pan wherein in an embodiment, in addition to first order centrifugal pan
Centrifugal pan is the most down-set, and the card of described multistage centrifugal dish is towards identical；Or
Other grade of centrifugal pan the most described first order centrifugal pan in addition to first order centrifugal pan the most successively to
Upper setting, and the dish of the card of other grade of centrifugal pan in addition to first order centrifugal pan and described first order centrifugal pan
Face is oppositely arranged.
Wherein in an embodiment, described multistage centrifugal dish at least has three grades of centrifugal pans, multiple described from
The stop section of cartridge towards identical；The radius of curvature of the card of the stop section of multiple described centrifugal pans subtracts successively
Little.
Wherein in an embodiment, other grade of centrifugal pan in addition to first order centrifugal pan also includes main part,
Described stop section is arranged around the outer peripheral edge of main part, and the radial dimension of the main part of multiple described centrifugal pans depends on
Secondary increase.
Wherein in an embodiment, described centrifugal device also includes the rotating shaft driving centrifugal pan at different levels to rotate,
The centrage of the rotating shaft of centrifugal pans at different levels overlaps and arranges, other grades in addition to first order centrifugal pan multiple described
The rotating shaft of centrifugal pan is hollow axle；And
When the multiple described centrifugal pan the most described first order centrifugal pan of other grades in addition to first order centrifugal pan exists
On Zhou Xiang the most down-set time, the rotating shaft of next stage centrifugal pan is movably set in the rotating shaft of upper level centrifugal pan
On；Or
When the multiple described centrifugal pan the most described first order centrifugal pan of other grades in addition to first order centrifugal pan exists
When setting up successively on Zhou Xiang, the rotating shaft activity of next stage centrifugal pan in the multiple described centrifugal pan of other grades
It is sheathed in the rotating shaft of upper level centrifugal pan.
Wherein in an embodiment, described centrifugal device also includes dynamic seal ring and drive mechanism, described dynamic
Sealing ring is located between the two-stage centrifugal dish that rotating shaft is sheathed and is set in the rotating shaft of upper level centrifugal pan；Described
Each drive mechanism is respectively used to drive centrifugal pan at different levels to rotate.
A kind of apparatus for preparing metal powder, including smelting apparatus, mozzle, atomisation tower, collection device and on
The centrifugal device stated, described mozzle connects with described smelting apparatus, and described centrifugal device is located at mozzle
Lower section and be positioned in described atomisation tower, described collection device is connected with described atomisation tower.
A kind of metal powder preparation method, uses above-mentioned centrifugal device；
Described metal powder preparation method comprises the steps:
Open centrifugal device；
Molten metal is delivered on first order centrifugal pan；
Described molten metal falls into next stage centrifugal pan after described first order centrifugal pan is centrifuged and throws away, and carries out successively
Multistage centrifugal, finally throws away from afterbody centrifugal pan, obtains metal dust after atomization.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the apparatus for preparing metal powder of embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the centrifugal device shown in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the centrifugal device of embodiment 2；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the centrifugal device of embodiment 3；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the centrifugal device of embodiment 4；
Fig. 6 is the flow chart of the metal powder preparation method of an embodiment.
Detailed description of the invention
For the ease of understanding the present invention, below with reference to relevant drawings, the present invention is described more fully.
Accompanying drawing gives the preferred embodiment of the present invention.But, the present invention can come in many different forms
Realize, however it is not limited to embodiment described herein.On the contrary, provide the purpose of these embodiments be make right
The understanding of the disclosure is more thorough comprehensively.
It should be noted that when element is referred to as " being fixed on " another element, and it can be directly at another
On individual element or element placed in the middle can also be there is.When an element is considered as " connection " another yuan
Part, it can be directly to another element or may be simultaneously present centering elements.Used herein
Term " vertical ", " level ", "left", "right" and similar statement simply to illustrate that mesh
's.
With reference to Fig. 1, the apparatus for preparing metal powder 10 of embodiment 1, including centrifugal device 100, smelting apparatus
200, mozzle 300, atomisation tower 400 and collection device 500.
With reference to Fig. 2, centrifugal device 100, including multistage centrifugal dish, drive each rotating shaft that centrifugal pan at different levels rotates,
Multiple dynamic seal rings 150 and multiple drive mechanism 160, multistage centrifugal dish include first order centrifugal pan 110 and
His level centrifugal pan 120, multiple rotating shafts include the first rotating shaft 130 and multiple second rotating shaft 140, the first rotating shaft 130
Driving first order centrifugal pan 110 to rotate, the second rotating shaft 140 drives other grade of centrifugal pan 120 to rotate.
Multistage centrifugal dish sets gradually in the axial direction, and the axis of multistage centrifugal dish overlaps and arranges, at different levels centrifugal
Dish can independently drive rotation；From first order centrifugal pan 110 to afterbody centrifugal pan, multistage centrifugal dish
Radial dimension increases successively.Wherein, vertical direction is axially represented；Radial dimension represents that centrifugal pan is at horizontal plane
On the diameter of projection, the order comprised successively all represent from first order centrifugal pan 110 to afterbody from
The order of cartridge.Being appreciated that can be by regulating rotating speed or the footpath of regulation multistage centrifugal dish of centrifugal pans at different levels
Enable to be centrifuged, from upper level centrifugal pan, the material thrown away to size to fall on next stage centrifugal pan.
The molten metal being centrifuged is delivered to first order centrifugal pan 110, and molten metal revolves through first order centrifugal pan 110
Turn and be centrifuged into droplet, then become more droplet through second level centrifugal pan rotating centrifugal, the thing prepared as required
Material particle diameter is the most repeatedly centrifuged.Wherein, molten metal includes simple metal liquid and the aluminium alloy melted.
The centrifugal pans at different levels of above-mentioned centrifugal device 100 can independently drive rotation, by regulating centrifugal pans at different levels
Rotating speed enable to be centrifuged, from upper level centrifugal pan, the material thrown away and fall on next stage centrifugal pan, and use many
Molten drop is ground into the drop of appropriate particle size by the impulsive force that the level reverse continuous centrifugal of centrifugal pan produces, required
Power is low, efficiency is high, therefore reduces the rotating speed of centrifugal pan at different levels, and the rotating speed of each centrifugal pan can be made from super
Cross 30000rpm and be down to 15000rpm so that it is perform well in producing the high-melting-point such as titanium valve, cochrome powder
Spherical or class globular metallic powder, also improve centrifugal pan work stability and service life, decrease
The loss of centrifugal device 100, reduces production cost.
Concrete, the centrifugal pan of arbitrary neighborhood two-stage can rotate backward.Wherein centrifugal direction is centrifugal pan
Direction of rotation, as in one embodiment, the centrifugal direction of adjacent two-stage centrifugal dish one is clockwise,
One is then counterclockwise.Molten metal becomes droplet through first order centrifugal pan 110 with first direction rotating centrifugal,
Again through second level centrifugal pan to become more droplet with first party rotating centrifugal in the opposite direction, make as required
Standby material particular diameter is the most repeatedly centrifuged.Use the continuous counter-rotating of multistage centrifugal dish to be centrifuged, produce
Molten drop can be ground into less drop by raw impulsive force, reduces the rotating speed of centrifugal pans at different levels further,
The rotating speed that can make each centrifugal pan is down to 15000rpm from more than 30000rpm.
Concrete, in the axial direction, the outer peripheral edge of upper level centrifugal pan is protruded in the outer peripheral edge of next stage centrifugal pan.
So material of the centrifugal pan of upper level can preferably be accepted by next stage centrifugal pan.
Concrete, the rounded tabular of first order centrifugal pan 110, the periphery of other grade of centrifugal pan 120 has
For accepting the stop section 121 of the material that upper level is dished out, the outer peripheral edge of stop section 121 is rounded.Stop section
121 ranges of speeds having further expanded multistage centrifugal dish, and improve centrifugal efficiency.
Be appreciated that multistage centrifugal dish can the most rounded tabular, if the rotating speed of multistage centrifugal dish and multistage
The radial dimension of centrifugal pan is suitable, can enable to be centrifuged, from upper level centrifugal pan, the material thrown away and fall at next stage
On centrifugal pan.
Concrete, the card of stop section 121 is globoidal structure.So be conducive to material along stop section 121
Cambered surface card centrifugal throw away, improve centrifugal efficiency.More specifically, the cambered surface of stop section 121 is convex
If cambered surface.
Concrete, multistage centrifugal dish at least has three grades of centrifugal pans, the court of the stop section 121 of multiple centrifugal pans
To identical.
Concrete, the dish of the stop section 121 of multiple centrifugal pans of other grades in addition to first order centrifugal pan 110
The radius of curvature in face is sequentially reduced.The card of the stop section 121 of multiple centrifugal pans of other grades is more and more bent,
It it is to make next stage centrifugal pan adapt to the rotating speed of upper level centrifugal pan, it is ensured that upper level centrifugal pan centrifugal drying
The material gone out can fall on next stage centrifugal pan.
Other grade of centrifugal pan 120 in addition to first order centrifugal pan 110 also includes main part 122, stop section 121
Outer peripheral edge around main part 122 is arranged.Concrete, the main part 122 of multiple centrifugal pans of other grades
Radial dimension increases successively, also for the material making upper level centrifugal pan be centrifuged to throw away can effectively fall under
On first-stage centrifugal dish.It is appreciated that main part 122 can omit.
The axis of the rotating shaft of centrifugal pans at different levels overlaps and arranges, except the first rotating shaft 130 of first order centrifugal pan 110,
Second rotating shaft 140 of other grade of centrifugal pan be in hollow axle, and multiple centrifugal pans of other grades next stage from
The rotating shaft of cartridge is movably set in the rotating shaft of upper level centrifugal pan.The most each autorotation of each rotating shaft, its rotating speed is also
It is independent of each other, further enhancing the suitability of centrifugal device, decrease part energy consumption.Concrete, phase
Spaced space is had between adjacent two rotating shafts.
Concrete, multiple centrifugal pans of other grades relative to first order centrifugal pan 110 the most successively to dividing into
Put, and the card of multistage centrifugal dish is towards identical.
More specifically, multiple centrifugal pans of other grades are the most downward relative to first order centrifugal pan 110
When arranging, the rotating shaft of next stage centrifugal pan is movably set in the rotating shaft of upper level centrifugal pan.More specifically,
In the present embodiment, the second rotating shaft 140 of second level centrifugal pan is sheathed on the first of first order centrifugal pan 110
In rotating shaft 130.More specifically, in the present embodiment, drive each rotating shaft that centrifugal pan at different levels rotates with at different levels
The bottom of centrifugal pan connects.
Concrete, the centrifugal device 100 of embodiment 1, including two-stage centrifugal dish.Wherein in an embodiment,
A diameter of the 20 of first order centrifugal pan 110～40mm.The rotating speed of first order centrifugal pan 110 is
5000～8000rpm.A diameter of the 60 of second level centrifugal pan～120mm.The rotating speed of second level centrifugal pan is
15000～25000rpm.
With reference to Fig. 3, the centrifugal device of embodiment 2, including three grades of centrifugal pans.
Reference Fig. 4, the centrifugal device of embodiment 3, including two-stage centrifugal dish, and the main body of second level centrifugal pan
Portion 122 omits.The rounded tabular of first order centrifugal pan 110, second level centrifugal pan includes for accepting
The stop section 121 of the material that one-level is dished out, and in the axial direction, the periphery of the stop section 121 of next stage centrifugal pan
Edge protrudes the outer peripheral edge of the stop section 121 of upper level centrifugal pan.
With reference to Fig. 5, the centrifugal device of embodiment 4, other grade of centrifugal pan phase in addition to first order centrifugal pan 110
First order centrifugal pan 110 is axially being set up successively, and other levels in addition to first order centrifugal pan are being centrifuged
The card of dish is oppositely arranged with the card of first order centrifugal pan 110.
Concrete, the centrifugal device of embodiment 4 includes two-stage centrifugal dish, the main part 122 of second level centrifugal pan
Omit.And second level centrifugal pan sets up the most successively relative to first order centrifugal pan 110.The first order
The rounded tabular of centrifugal pan 110, second level centrifugal pan has the gear for accepting the material that upper level is dished out
Stop 121.
In the axial direction, the block of upper level centrifugal pan is protruded in the outer peripheral edge of the stop section 121 of next stage centrifugal pan
The outer peripheral edge in portion 121.The stop section 121 of multiple centrifugal pans of other grades can make upper level centrifugal pan centrifugal drying
The material gone out can fall on next stage centrifugal pan with imitating.
Concrete, the molten metal opening from the stop section 121 of second level centrifugal pan drops down onto the in the present embodiment
In first-stage centrifugal dish 110, the centrifugal material thrown away of first order centrifugal pan 110 is through the block of second level centrifugal pan
Portion 121 undertaking drops down onto to be centrifuged through second level centrifugal pan after being centrifuged into less material in the centrifugal pan of the second level and throws away.
Concrete, in the present embodiment, the rotating shaft of multiple centrifugal pans of other grades in addition to first order centrifugal pan
It is the rotating shaft of next stage centrifugal pan in hollow axle, and the multiple described centrifugal pan of other grades to be movably set in
In the rotating shaft of first-stage centrifugal dish.What deserves to be explained is, when other levels in addition to first order centrifugal pan 110 are centrifuged
Dish is relative to first order centrifugal pan 110 when axially setting up successively, and the rotating shaft of second level centrifugal pan is hollow
The setting of axle can make molten metal be dropped down onto on first order centrifugal pan 110 by the hollow part of its rotating shaft.
More specifically, in the present embodiment, drive the first rotating shaft 130 that first order centrifugal pan 110 rotates with
The bottom of first order centrifugal pan 110 connects.Drive the second rotating shaft 140 and second that second level centrifugal pan rotates
The top of level centrifugal pan connects.Molten metal drops down onto the through the hollow part of the second rotating shaft 140 through stop section 121
In first-stage centrifugal dish 110.
With continued reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the rotating shaft for next stage centrifugal pan is movably set in upper level centrifugal pan
Situation in rotating shaft, dynamic seal ring 150 is located between the two-stage centrifugal dish that rotating shaft is sheathed and is set in upper level
In the rotating shaft of centrifugal pan.
Concrete, dynamic seal ring 150 is located at the second rotating shaft 140 of other grade of centrifugal pan 120 near centrifugal pan
One end.Concrete, dynamic seal ring 150 covers the space at interval between adjacent two rotating shafts.Concrete,
Dynamic seal ring 150 can rotate with the second rotating shaft 140 of other grade of centrifugal pan 120 simultaneously.
Each drive mechanism 160 is respectively used to drive centrifugal pan at different levels to rotate.
Smelting apparatus 200 includes smelting furnace 210 and holding furnace 220, and smelting furnace 210 is for by metal or alloy
It is melted into molten metal.Holding furnace 220 is for storing the molten metal that smelting furnace 210 obtains, and makes molten metal protect
Temperature.It is appreciated that holding furnace 220 can omit.Concrete, smelting furnace 210 can be induction furnace.
Mozzle 300 connects with smelting apparatus 200.Concrete, mozzle 300 connects with holding furnace 220.
More specifically, mozzle 300 is communicated in the bottom of holding furnace 220.It is appreciated that holding furnace 220 omits
Time, mozzle 300 directly connects with smelting furnace 210.Concrete, the internal diameter of mozzle 300 is 6～12mm.
Concrete, in mozzle 300, the flow velocity of molten metal is 10～20g/s.What deserves to be explained is mozzle 300
Have spaced apart between end and first order centrifugal pan 110, so that molten metal can in mozzle 300
Drop down onto on first order centrifugal pan 110.
Centrifugal device 100 is located at the lower section of mozzle 300, and mozzle 300 is for by holding furnace 220
Molten metal is delivered to centrifugal device 100 and is centrifuged atomization.Concrete, molten metal is carried by mozzle 300
To the first order centrifugal pan 110 of centrifugal device 100.
Centrifugal device 100 is located in atomisation tower 400.Molten metal is centrifuged through centrifugal device 100 and is ground into conjunction
Throw in atomisation tower 400 after the molten drop of suitable particle diameter and be cooled into metal dust.
Concrete, atomisation tower 400 also includes centrifugal device support 410, slideway 420, discharging opening 430 and valve
Door 440.
Centrifugal device support 410 supports centrifugal device 100.Concrete, in the present embodiment, centrifugal device props up
Frame 410 is positioned in the middle part of atomisation tower 400.Discharging opening 430 is located at the bottom of atomisation tower 400.Slideway 420 is even
Connect the discharging opening 430 of centrifugal device support 410 and atomisation tower 400.Valve 440 is used for being turned on and off discharging
Mouth 430.When needs discharging, Open valve 440；When need not discharging, close valve 440.Can manage
Solving, slideway 420 or valve 440 can omit.
Collection device 500 is connected with atomisation tower 400, is used for collecting metal dust.Concrete, collection device
500 are connected with the discharging opening 430 of atomisation tower 400.Concrete, collection device 500 is additionally provided with moving assembly,
Moving assembly is located at the bottom of collection device 500, for the movement of collection device 500.Collection device 500
Can shift quickly and easily after filling material.More specifically, in the present embodiment, moving assembly is roller.
The centrifugal pans at different levels of above-mentioned centrifugal device can independently drive rotation, by regulating turning of centrifugal pans at different levels
Speed enables to be centrifuged, from upper level centrifugal pan, the material thrown away and falls on next stage centrifugal pan, and use multistage from
Molten drop is ground into the drop of appropriate particle size, power demand by the impulsive force that the reverse continuous centrifugal of cartridge produces
Low, efficiency is high, therefore reduces the rotating speed of centrifugal pan at different levels so that it is perform well in produce titanium valve, cobalt chromium
Alloyed powders etc. are dystectic spherical or class globular metallic powder, also improve the stability of centrifugal pan work and make
With the life-span, decrease the loss of centrifugal device 100, reduce production cost.
Apparatus for preparing metal powder 10 uses centrifugal device 100 that molten drop is ground into the liquid of appropriate particle size
Drip, drop atomization is obtained the metal dust of appropriate particle size.Centrifugal device 100 power demand is low, efficiency is high,
Therefore reduce the rotating speed of centrifugal pan at different levels, the rotating speed of each centrifugal pan can be made to be down to from more than 30000rpm
15000rpm so that it is perform well in producing the dystectic spherical or spherical gold of class such as titanium valve, cochrome powder
Belong to powder, also improve stability and the service life of centrifugal pan work, decrease the damage of centrifugal device 100
Consumption, reduces production cost.Use the metal dust granularity that apparatus for preparing metal powder 10 prepares less than 53 μm
Account for mass percent more than 90%, obtain meeting 3D and print the metal dust required.
Additionally, present invention also offers the centrifugal device of an embodiment.
With reference to Fig. 6, the metal powder preparation method of an embodiment, use above-mentioned centrifugal device 100 or metal
Powder preparing unit 10, metal powder preparation method comprises the steps:
Step S101: metal or alloy fusing is obtained molten metal.
Preferably, at least one during metal is copper, gold, titanium and silver.
Preferably, at least one during alloy is titanium alloy, ferroalloy, cobalt alloy and aluminium alloy.More preferably
, alloy is in Ti6Al4V titanium alloy, cobalt chrome molybdenum tungsten alloy, 316L rustless steel and Al10SiMg alloy
At least one.
Wherein in an embodiment, metal or alloy is melted follow-up temperature 50 of continuing rising～200 DEG C at fusing point, makes
Molten metal is overheated.The temperature difference continuing to heat up can be adjusted according to the fusing point difference of metal or alloy.Concrete, pure
Titanium and Ti6Al4V titanium alloy melt follow-up temperature 150 of continuing rising～200 DEG C at fusing point.Concrete, cobalt chrome molybdenum tungsten
Alloy and 316L rustless steel melt follow-up temperature 100 of continuing rising～150 DEG C at fusing point.
Wherein in an embodiment, before step S101, also include the surface oxidation removing metal or alloy
Thing and the pre-treatment step of impurity.Concrete, mechanical means can be used to remove metal surface scale removal,
As metal being placed in lathe removal surface scale.
Step S102: open centrifugal device.
First open centrifugal device, after making the first order centrifugal pan of centrifugal device reach setting value and stablize, then enter
Row step S103: molten metal is delivered on first order centrifugal pan.Concrete, prepare according to metal dust
Device, after first unlatching centrifugal device makes the first order centrifugal pan of centrifugal device reach setting value and stablize, then makes
Molten metal in smelting apparatus is transported on first order centrifugal pan through mozzle.
Step S103: molten metal is delivered on first order centrifugal pan.
Step S104: molten metal falls into next stage centrifugal pan after first order centrifugal pan is centrifuged and throws away, and enters successively
Row multistage centrifugal, finally throws away from afterbody centrifugal pan, obtains metal dust after atomization.
Wherein in an embodiment, in step S104, the rotation direction of the centrifugal pan of arbitrary neighborhood two-stage is contrary.
Molten metal through with first direction carry out the first order be centrifuged, then with first party in the opposite direction through the second level from
The heart, can advance row multistage continuous centrifugal being atomized with this type of as required, the metal dust obtained spherical in shape or
Class is spherical, and granularity accounts for mass percent more than 90% less than 53 μm, meets 3D and prints requirement.
Concrete, it is 10～20g/s that molten metal is delivered to the flow velocity of first order centrifugal pan.Molten metal is delivered to
The flow velocity of first-stage centrifugal dish can adjust according to the fusing point of metal or alloy, for dystectic metal or alloy,
Molten metal is delivered to the flow velocity of first order centrifugal pan and can suitably reduce, so that molten metal can have time enough to fill
Divide and pulverize.
Wherein in an embodiment, in step S104, molten metal through two-stage continuous centrifugal and is atomized, and obtains gold
Belong to powder.Concrete, the rotating speed of first order centrifugal pan is 5000～8000rpm.Concrete, the second level is centrifuged
The rotating speed of dish is 15000～25000rpm.The rotating speed of first order centrifugal pan and second level centrifugal pan all can be according to not
Suitably adjust with metal or alloy.
Step S105: metal dust is collected, sieves and packs.
Concrete, according to grading, undesirable coarse granule is melted by screening again, it is thus achieved that be less than
The metal dust of 53 μm.
Wherein in an embodiment, screening uses ultrasonic activation sieve, is passed through argon shield.Preferably,
The frequency of vibration of ultrasonic activation sieve is 50～90 times/s, and time of vibration is 1～2h.
It is appreciated that step S101 can be omitted, is directly centrifuged atomization from molten metal as raw material,
To metal dust.It is appreciated that step S105 can be omitted.
Wherein, step S101, S103 and S104 are all carried out under protective gas atmosphere.Concrete, protect
Protecting property gas is at least one in nitrogen, argon and helium.Concrete, the pressure of protective gas atmosphere
More than 30Pa, and oxygen mass content is less than 0.01%.
Above-mentioned metal powder preparation method, uses centrifugal device 100 or apparatus for preparing metal powder 10 to prepare,
Utilize multistage reverse continuous centrifugal that molten drop is ground into the drop of appropriate particle size, drop atomization is closed
The metal dust of suitable particle diameter.Effectively reduce the rotating speed of centrifugal pan at different levels, can make the rotating speed of each centrifugal pan from
It is down to 15000rpm so that it is perform well in producing titanium valve, cochrome powder contour molten more than 30000rpm
Spherical or the class globular metallic powder of point, also improves stability and the service life of centrifugal pan work, reduces
The loss of centrifugal device 100, reduces production cost.
It addition, above-mentioned metal powder preparation method technique is simple, technically reliable, product granularity are easily controllable,
Energy consumption is low, production efficiency is high and can produce refractory metal powder, overcome current centrifugal atomization, etc. from
Deficiency in the presence of sub-rotary electrode method and the production of plasma spheroidization law technology.The metal dust prepared is spherical
Degree is high, impurity content is low, good fluidity, narrow particle size distribution, and particle diameter is distributed between 15～53 μm, meets
The requirement that 3D prints.The metal dust that above-mentioned metal powder preparation method prepares is spherical in shape or class is spherical, oxygen
Mass content is less than 1200ppm；Calculated in weight percent, 53 μm following powder occupation rate reaches 90%.
It it is below specific embodiment.
Above-mentioned apparatus for preparing metal powder and metal powder preparation method is all used to prepare.
Embodiment 1
3D prints with the preparation of technical pure titanium valve
After pure titanium rod is removed surface impurity and oxide, put into be filled with the induction furnace of argon and make its
1670 DEG C of fusings obtain molten metal, continue to heat up 180 DEG C to 1850 DEG C.
Molten metal is delivered to the first centrifugal pan with suitable with the flow of 12g/s through the internal diameter drain pipe flow as 12mm
Hour hands carry out the most centrifugal, and wherein, a diameter of 30mm of the first centrifugal pan, rotating speed is 8000rpm.Warp
Molten drop after the most centrifugal is entered in the second centrifugal pan by Directional Throw to carry out second time counterclockwise
Centrifugal, a diameter of 120mm of the second centrifugal pan, rotating speed is 18000rpm.Gold after two times centrifugal is pulverized
Belong to drop in atomisation tower under argon gas atmosphere cooled and solidified obtain titanium valve, be cooled to after room temperature use collect dress
Put collection to take out.
Using ultrasonic activation to sieve, be passed through argon shield, frequency of vibration is 50 times/s, during vibration
Between be 2h, according to grading, undesirable coarse granule is returned and again melts, it is thus achieved that particle diameter is less than
The titanium valve of 53 μm.
The titanium valve prepared, spherical in shape or class is spherical, wherein the powder size of mass fraction 90% is less than 53 μm,
The main chemical elements mass content such as table 1 of the titanium valve prepared, wherein ppm represents 1/1000000th.
Table 1
| Element | O | H | N | C | Fe | Ti |
| Mass content ppm | 1200 | 50 | 100 | 100 | 500 | Surplus |
Embodiment 2
Prepared by 3D printing Ti6Al4V Titanium Powder
After Ti6Al4V titanium alloy bar is removed surface impurity and oxide, put into the induction furnace being filled with argon
And make it obtain molten metal 1650 DEG C of fusings, continue to heat up 175 DEG C to 1825 DEG C.
Molten metal is delivered to the first centrifugal pan with suitable with the flow of 12g/s through the internal diameter drain pipe flow as 12mm
Hour hands carry out the most centrifugal, and wherein, a diameter of 30mm of the first centrifugal pan, rotating speed is 5000rpm.Warp
Molten drop after the most centrifugal is entered in the second centrifugal pan by Directional Throw to carry out second time counterclockwise
Centrifugal, a diameter of 120mm of the second centrifugal pan, rotating speed is 18000rpm.Gold after two times centrifugal is pulverized
Belong to drop in atomisation tower under argon gas atmosphere cooled and solidified obtain Ti6Al4V powder, be cooled to after room temperature use
Collection device is collected and is taken out.
Using ultrasonic activation to sieve, be passed through argon shield, frequency of vibration is 90 times/s, during vibration
Between be 1h, according to grading, undesirable coarse granule is returned and again melts, it is thus achieved that particle diameter is less than
The Ti6Al4V powder of 53 μm.
The Ti6Al4V powder prepared, spherical in shape or class is spherical, wherein the powder size of mass fraction 90% is less than
53 μm, the main chemical elements mass content of prepared Ti6Al4V powder such as table 2, wherein ppm represents million
/ mono-.
Table 2
| Element | Al | V | O | H | N | C | Fe | Ti |
| Mass content | 6.08% | 3.92% | 1000ppm | 50ppm | 100ppm | 100ppm | 500ppm | Surplus |
Embodiment 3
Prepared by 3D printing cobalt chrome molybdenum tungsten alloy powder
Cobalt chrome molybdenum tungsten alloy is put into and is filled with the induction furnace of nitrogen and makes it obtain metal 1470 DEG C of fusings
Liquid, continues to heat up 140 DEG C to 1610 DEG C.Cobalt chrome molybdenum tungsten alloy by cobalt chrome molybdenum wolfram element mass ratio is
59:26:6:6:3。
Molten metal is delivered to the first centrifugal pan with inverse with the flow of 10g/s through the internal diameter drain pipe flow as 10mm
Hour hands carry out the most centrifugal, and wherein, a diameter of 40mm of the first centrifugal pan, rotating speed is 8000rpm.Warp
Molten drop after the most centrifugal is entered in the second centrifugal pan by Directional Throw to carry out second time clockwise
Centrifugal, a diameter of 110mm of the second centrifugal pan, rotating speed is 25000rpm.Gold after two times centrifugal is pulverized
Belong to drop in atomisation tower under argon gas atmosphere cooled and solidified obtain cobalt chrome molybdenum tungsten alloy powder, after being cooled to room temperature
Collect and take out.
Using ultrasonic activation to sieve, be passed through nitrogen protection, frequency of vibration is 70 times/s, during vibration
Between be 2h, according to grading, undesirable coarse granule is returned and again melts, it is thus achieved that particle diameter is less than
The cobalt chrome molybdenum tungsten alloy powder of 53 μm.
The cobalt chrome molybdenum tungsten alloy powder prepared, spherical in shape or class is spherical, the wherein powder size of mass fraction 90%
Less than 53 μm, the main chemical elements mass content such as table 3 of prepared cobalt chrome molybdenum tungsten alloy powder.
Table 3
| Element | Cr | Mo | W | Si | C | O | Co |
| Mass content | 26.2% | 5.9% | 5.9% | ≤ 1.5% | ≤ 0.03% | ≤ 0.03% | Surplus |
Embodiment 4
Prepared by 3D printing 316L stainless steel powder
After 316L stainless steel bars is removed oxide on surface process, put into and be filled with the induction furnace of nitrogen and make
It obtains molten metal 1450 DEG C of fusings, continues to heat up 120 DEG C to 1570 DEG C.
Molten metal is delivered to the first centrifugal pan with inverse with the flow of 15g/s through the internal diameter drain pipe flow as 10mm
Hour hands carry out the most centrifugal, and wherein, a diameter of 30mm of the first centrifugal pan, rotating speed is 6000rpm.Warp
Molten drop after the most centrifugal is entered in the second centrifugal pan by Directional Throw to carry out second time clockwise
Centrifugal, a diameter of 100mm of the second centrifugal pan, rotating speed is 20000rpm.Gold after two times centrifugal is pulverized
Belong to drop cooled and solidified under an argon atmosphere and obtain 316L stainless steel powder, collect after being cooled to room temperature and take out.
Using ultrasonic activation to sieve, be passed through nitrogen protection, frequency of vibration is 90 times/s, during vibration
Between be 0.5h, according to grading, undesirable coarse granule is returned and again melts, it is thus achieved that particle diameter is little
316L stainless steel powder in 53 μm.
The 316L stainless steel powder prepared, spherical in shape or class is spherical, wherein the powder size of mass fraction 90% is little
In 53 μm, the main chemical elements mass content of prepared 316L stainless steel powder such as table 4.
Table 4
| Element | Cr | Ni | Mo | Mn | Si | C | P | S | O | Fe |
| Mass content % | 17.2 | 12.5 | 2.6 | ≤2.0 | ≤1.0 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.045 | ≤0.03 | ≤0.05 | Surplus |
Embodiment 5
Prepared by 3D printing Al10SiMg alloyed powder
After Al10SiMg aluminium alloy ingots or bar are removed oxide on surface, put into the induction furnace being filled with nitrogen
In and make it obtain molten metal 650 DEG C of fusings, continue to heat up 80 DEG C to 730 DEG C.
Molten metal is delivered to the first centrifugal pan with suitable with the flow of 20g/s through the internal diameter drain pipe flow as 6mm
Hour hands carry out the most centrifugal, and wherein, a diameter of 20mm of the first centrifugal pan, rotating speed is 5000rpm.Warp
Molten drop after the most centrifugal is entered in the second centrifugal pan by Directional Throw to carry out second time counterclockwise
Centrifugal, a diameter of 60mm of the second centrifugal pan, rotating speed is 15000rpm.Gold after two times centrifugal is pulverized
Belong to drop cooled and solidified in the environment of argon and obtain Al10SiMg Al alloy powder, collect after being cooled to room temperature
Take out.
Using ultrasonic activation to sieve, be passed through nitrogen protection, frequency of vibration is 80 times/s, during vibration
Between be 1h, according to grading, undesirable coarse granule is returned and again melts, it is thus achieved that particle diameter is less than
The Al alloy powder of 53 μm.
The Al10SiMg Al alloy powder prepared, spherical in shape or class is spherical, the wherein powder grain of mass fraction 90%
Degree is less than 53 μm, the main chemical elements mass content of prepared Al10SiMg Al alloy powder such as table 5.
Table 5
| Composition | Si | Mg | Mn | Fe | Ti | Zn | Other impurity | Al |
| Mass content % | 9.8 | 0.3 | ≤0.45 | ≤0.2 | ≤0.15 | ≤0.1 | ≤0.05 | Surplus |
Each technical characteristic of embodiment described above can combine arbitrarily, for making description succinct, the most right
The all possible combination of each technical characteristic in above-described embodiment is all described, but, if these skills
There is not contradiction in the combination of art feature, is all considered to be the scope that this specification is recorded.
Embodiment described above only have expressed the several embodiments of the present invention, and it describes more concrete and detailed,
But can not therefore be construed as limiting the scope of the patent.It should be pointed out that, for this area
For those of ordinary skill, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, it is also possible to make some deformation and change
Entering, these broadly fall into protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be with appended power
Profit requires to be as the criterion.
Claims (8)
1. a centrifugal device, it is characterised in that include the multistage centrifugal dish set gradually in the axial direction；Institute
Stating the axis of multistage centrifugal dish to overlap and arrange, described centrifugal pans at different levels can independently drive rotation, and arbitrarily
The centrifugal pan of adjacent two-stage can rotate backward；From first order centrifugal pan to afterbody centrifugal pan, described many
The radial dimension of level centrifugal pan increases successively；In the axial direction, upper level is protruded in the outer peripheral edge of next stage centrifugal pan
The outer peripheral edge of centrifugal pan；The rounded tabular of card of described first order centrifugal pan, outside other grade of centrifugal pan
Having the stop section for accepting the material that upper level centrifugal pan is dished out week, the outer peripheral edge of described stop section is circle
Shape, the card of described stop section is globoidal structure.
Centrifugal device the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that its in addition to first order centrifugal pan
His level centrifugal pan the most described first order centrifugal pan is the most down-set, and described multistage centrifugal dish
Card towards identical；Or
Other grade of centrifugal pan the most described first order centrifugal pan in addition to first order centrifugal pan the most successively to
Upper setting, and the dish of the card of other grade of centrifugal pan in addition to first order centrifugal pan and described first order centrifugal pan
Face is oppositely arranged.
Centrifugal device the most according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that described multistage centrifugal dish is extremely
There are three grades of centrifugal pans less, the stop section of multiple described centrifugal pans towards identical；Multiple described centrifugal pans
The radius of curvature of the card of stop section is sequentially reduced.
Centrifugal device the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that its in addition to first order centrifugal pan
His level centrifugal pan also includes main part, and described stop section is arranged around the outer peripheral edge of main part, multiple described from
The radial dimension of the main part of cartridge increases successively.
Centrifugal device the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described centrifugal device also includes band
The rotating shaft that dynamic centrifugal pans at different levels rotate, the centrage of the rotating shaft of centrifugal pans at different levels overlaps and arranges, except the first order from
The rotating shaft of the multiple described centrifugal pan of other grades outside cartridge is hollow axle；And
When the multiple described centrifugal pan the most described first order centrifugal pan of other grades in addition to first order centrifugal pan exists
On Zhou Xiang the most down-set time, the rotating shaft of next stage centrifugal pan is movably set in the rotating shaft of upper level centrifugal pan
On；Or
When the multiple described centrifugal pan the most described first order centrifugal pan of other grades in addition to first order centrifugal pan exists
When setting up successively on Zhou Xiang, the rotating shaft activity of next stage centrifugal pan in the multiple described centrifugal pan of other grades
It is sheathed in the rotating shaft of upper level centrifugal pan.
Centrifugal device the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described centrifugal device also includes moving
Sealing ring and drive mechanism, described dynamic seal ring is located between the two-stage centrifugal dish that rotating shaft is sheathed and is set in
In the rotating shaft of first-stage centrifugal dish；Described each drive mechanism is respectively used to drive centrifugal pan at different levels to rotate.
7. an apparatus for preparing metal powder, it is characterised in that include smelting apparatus, mozzle, atomisation tower,
Centrifugal device described in collection device and any one of claim 1～6, described mozzle and described smelting apparatus
Connection, described centrifugal device is located at the lower section of mozzle and is positioned in described atomisation tower, described collection device with
Described atomisation tower connects.
8. a metal powder preparation method, it is characterised in that use described in any one of claim 1～6
Centrifugal device；
Described metal powder preparation method comprises the steps:
Open centrifugal device；
Molten metal is delivered on first order centrifugal pan；
Described molten metal falls into next stage centrifugal pan after described first order centrifugal pan is centrifuged and throws away, and carries out successively
Multistage centrifugal, finally throws away from afterbody centrifugal pan, obtains metal dust after atomization cooling.
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