CN105008063B

CN105008063B - Methods to improve hot workability of metal alloys

Info

Publication number: CN105008063B
Application number: CN201480002662.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗宾·M·福布斯·琼斯; 理查德·L·肯尼迪; 曹维涤
Original assignee: ATI Properties LLC
Current assignee: ATI Properties LLC
Priority date: 2013-03-15
Filing date: 2014-03-07
Publication date: 2017-05-17
Anticipated expiration: 2034-03-07
Also published as: CN107267910A; BR112015008495A8; ES2683242T3; EP3167971B1; RU2015142535A; KR102013979B1; PT2969298T; JP6276883B2; MX2015005228A; BR112015008495A2; DK3167971T3; NZ706328A; US20140260478A1; ZA201502056B; MX363900B; EP2969298A2; EP2969298B1; HUE033620T2; ES2633487T3; CA2885932A1

Abstract

A method of processing an alloy workpiece to reduce thermal cracking may comprise spraying a metallic coating material onto at least a portion of a surface of the alloy workpiece to form a surface coating metallurgically bonded to the alloy workpiece. The surface coating may be more ductile than the alloy workpiece and reduces heat loss from the alloy workpiece.

Description

Method for improving the hot-workability of metal alloy

Technical field

It relates to alloy ingot and other alloy workpieces, and be related to for processing alloy ingot and other alloy works The method of part.

Background

It is " crack-sensitivity " that various alloys can be characterized as being.The ingot bar being made up of crack-sensitivity alloy and other workpiece Crackle may be formed during hot work operation along their surface and/or edge.Forming product by crack-sensitivity alloy may It is problematic, because for example, the crackle formed during forging or other hot work operations may need to grind off or with other Mode is removed, and so as to increase production time and expense, and reduces yield.

In some hot work operations as during forging and extruding, mould applies a force to alloy workpiece so that alloy workpiece becomes Shape.Interaction between the surface of mould and the surface of alloy workpiece may relate to heat transfer, friction and wear and tear.For subtracting A routine techniquess of surface and edge cracking are that alloy workpiece is enclosed in into metal cap before hot-working during few hot-working In shell.In the case of such as cylindrical work, the internal diameter of metal case can be slightly larger than the external diameter of alloy workpiece.Alloy workpiece In being inserted into metal case so that metal case loosely around but non-be metallurgically bound to alloy workpiece.Mould can With the outer surface of contacting metal case.Metal case is thermally isolated the alloy workpiece of closing and mechanically protects the closing Alloy workpiece, so as to eliminate or reduce the incidence rate that crackle is formed on alloy workpiece.Metal case is by alloy workpiece and metal The effect of the air gap between the inner surface of case, and while made by directly suppressing alloy workpiece to environmental radiation heat Alloy workpiece is thermally isolated.

Alloy workpiece dress shell operation may cause various shortcomings.For example, between the outer surface of forging mold and metal case Mechanical Contact may make metal case rupture.In addition, in the upsetting pressure-drawing forging (upset-and-draw of dress shell workpiece Forging during), metal case may rupture during drawing is operated, also, in this case, alloy workpiece may be needed Shell is reset between each upsetting pressure of multiple upsetting pressures-drawing forging operation and drawing circulation.Refitting shell increased complex process Property and expense.In addition, metal case may hinder operator's visual monitoring dress shell alloy workpiece surface crackle and other The defect of processing induction.

In view of disadvantage mentioned above, it would be advantageous to, there is provided Hot Working Crack sensitive alloy it is more efficient and/or more cost effective Method.More generally, it would be advantageous to, there is provided for improving the side of the hot-workability of alloy ingot and other alloy workpieces Method.

General introduction

It is related to process the side of alloy ingot and other alloy workpieces to improve hot-workability according to many aspects of the disclosure Method.

A kind of method of process alloy workpiece to reduce thermal cracking, the side are related to according to the non-limiting aspect of the disclosure Method includes metallurgically being bound to alloy to be formed at least a portion on the surface of metal coated injection of material to alloy workpiece The face coat of workpiece.Coating for metal surfaces can have more ductility than alloy workpiece, and reduce the heat loss of alloy workpiece. In some non-limiting embodiments of methods described, alloy workpiece surrounds workpiece in the injection period of metal coated material Major axis rotates, and the metal coated material is deposited at least a portion of the peripheral surface of alloy workpiece.

A kind of method of process alloy workpiece to reduce thermal cracking is related to according to the other non-limiting aspect of the disclosure, Methods described includes alloy workpiece is inserted in metal case.Metal case can have the thermal expansion system lower than alloy Number, and including inner surface of at least a portion comprising nickel-boron coating above.Alloy workpiece is encapsulated in metal case with shape Into dress shell component, and at least a portion of gas is removed from the inside of dress shell component.Plus hot charging shell component is with transient liquid phase With reference to alloy workpiece and metal case.

Any one manufacture in disclosed method is related to according to another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure or is processed Alloy workpiece.

Be related to by any one manufacture in disclosed method according to again another non-limiting aspect of the disclosure or The alloy workpiece of process is made or including the product of the alloy workpiece.This based article includes such as jet engine parts, land With turbine components, valve, engine components, axle and securing member.

Description of the drawings

Various non-limiting embodiments described herein may be better understood by being considered in conjunction with the accompanying being described below.

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of some non-limiting embodiments according to method disclosed herein.

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the method that alloy workpiece is processed according to various non-limiting embodiments disclosed herein.

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the method that alloy workpiece is processed according to various non-limiting embodiments disclosed herein.

Fig. 4 is the flow chart of some non-limiting embodiments according to method disclosed herein.

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the method that alloy workpiece is processed according to various non-limiting embodiments disclosed herein.

Reader under consideration according to after the description of the various non-limiting and nonexhaustive embodiment of the disclosure incite somebody to action by text Solution foregoing details and other.

The description of some non-limiting embodiments

As generally used herein, term " substantially by ... constitute " and " by ... constitute " embodied with term "comprising".

As generally used herein, unless otherwise noted, article " or a kind of (one) ", " one ", " one kind " and " institute State " refer to " at least one " or " one or more ".

As generally used herein, term " comprising " and " having " means "comprising".

As generally used herein, term " softening point " refers to certain material and no longer plays rigid solid effect and at its own Start sagging minimum temperature under weight effect.

As generally used herein, term " about " refers to the property or degree of accuracy in view of measurement, can for the quantity of measurement The error degree of acceptance.Typical exemplary error degree can be in give numerical value or numerical range 20%, 10% It is interior or in 5%.

Unless otherwise noted, all digital numericals stated herein should be understood in all cases by term " about " come Modification.Digital numerical disclosed herein is approximate, and each numerical value is intended to mean fiducial value and the upper and lower function of that value Both equivalent scopes.In bottom line and it is not intended to that the application of doctrine of equivalents is limited to the scope of claims, per number Value parameter should commonly round up technology to understand according at least to the numerical value of the significant digits of report and by application.Although Set forth the approximation of digital numerical herein, but should as accurately as possible report the number described in the given instance of actual measured value Number of words.

The all digital scopes stated herein include all subranges for wherein including.For example, scope " 1 to 10 " and " 1 Between 10 " be intended to include cited 1 minima and cited 10 maximum between and including the minima With all subranges of the maximum.Herein cited any maximum number limits and is intended to include all relatively low numerical limits. Herein cited any lowest numeric limits and is intended to include that all higher numbers are limited.

In the following description, some details will be illustrated to provide to the various non-of product described herein and method The comprehensive understanding of restricted embodiment.It will be appreciated by the skilled addressee that in the case where there are no these details Non-limiting embodiments described herein can be put into practice.In other cases, the well known structure related to product and method May not be illustrated with method or not be described in detail, to avoid unnecessarily making non-limiting embodiments described herein Description become obscure.

The present disclosure describes the various features of the various non-limiting embodiments of product and method, aspect and advantage. However, it should be understood that the disclosure includes numerous alternate embodiments, the alternate embodiment can pass through will be described herein each Any one combination planted in various features, aspect and the advantage of non-limiting embodiments can in those of ordinary skill in the art Realize in the useful any combinations of energy discovery or sub-portfolio.

During hot work operation such as forging operation and extrusion operation, in temperature such as workpiece more than ambient temperature At a temperature of on recrystallization temperature, alloy ingot or other alloy workpieces can be applied a force to so that workpiece plastic deformation. The temperature of the alloy workpiece of experience process operation can be more than for mechanically applying power to the mould on the surface of alloy workpiece Or the temperature of other structures.Cooling and the alloy work due to the alloy workpiece surface in thermal loss to surrounding air Part surface can form thermograde with the thermal gradient skew between mould or other structures, alloy workpiece is contacted.In hot-working Period, thermograde may cause the surface of workpiece to crack.The feelings that surface cracking is formed in alloy workpiece by crack-sensitivity alloy Especially it is a problem in condition.

According to some non-limiting embodiments, alloy workpiece can be made up of or comprising the crackle crack-sensitivity alloy Sensitive alloy.For example, various nickel-base alloys, ferrous alloy, Ni-Fe based alloy, titanium-base alloy, titanium-nickel-base alloy, cobalt-base alloyss Especially may be sensitive to cracking during hot work operation with superalloy such as nickel based super alloy.Alloy ingot or other alloy works Part can be formed by this class crack-sensitivity alloy and superalloy.For example, crack-sensitivity alloy workpiece can be by alloy or superalloy Formed, the alloy or superalloy are selected from, but not limited to, alloy 718 (UNS No.N07718), (UNS of alloy 720 No.N07720)、Rene 41^TMAlloy (UNS No.N07041), Rene 88^TMAlloy,Alloy (UNS No.N07001) and100 alloys.

Although method described herein can be advantageously combined crack-sensitivity alloy and be used together, it will be understood that, methods described Be generally also applied to any alloy, including, for example, be characterized as under hot processing temperature relatively low ductility alloy, At a temperature of the ℉ of 1000 ℉ to 2200 hot worked alloy and generally be difficult crack alloy.Therefore, it is as used herein, art Language " alloy " includes conventional alloy and superalloy.As one of ordinary skill in the understanding, superalloy shows relatively good High creep resistance under surface stability well, corrosion resistance and non-oxidizability, high intensity and high temperature.Various non-limiting In embodiment, alloy workpiece can include or selected from ingot bar, blank, billet, blanket, base pipe, sintered preforms (a Sintered pre-form) etc..

Alloy ingot or other alloy workpieces can be formed such as conventional metallurgical technology or PM technique with use example. For example, in various non-limiting embodiments, can by be known as VIM-VAR operation vacuum induction melting (VIM) and Vacuum arc melts again the combination of (VAR) forming alloy ingot or other alloy workpieces.In various non-limiting embodiments, Alloy workpiece can be formed by triple smelting technologies, wherein electroslag remelting (ESR) operation operates it in VIM operations with VAR Between carry out, so as to provide VIM-ESR-VAR (that is, three remeltings) order.In other non-limiting embodiments, it is possible to use Forming alloy workpiece, the powder metallurgy operation includes the atomization of molten alloy and gained metallurgical powder to powder metallurgy operation Collection and the consolidation of the gained metallurgical powder to alloy workpiece.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, it is possible to use injection molding operates to form alloy ingot or other alloys Workpiece.For example, VIM can be used for preparing base alloy compositionss from raw material.ESR operations can be used optionally after VIM. Molten alloy can be extracted from VIM or ESR melting tanks, and be atomized to form molten melt drop.Can be sensed using such as cold wall Guide member (CIG) extracts motlten metal from melting tank.Alloy can be deposited as melting or semi-molten material using injection molding operation Expect to form solidified alloy workpiece.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, it is possible to use high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) (HIP) come formed alloy ingot or other conjunction Metal working part.HIP generally refers to equilibrium using high pressure and gases at high pressure such as argon to be compacted and be consolidated into list by dusty material Block prefabricated component.Powder can be separated by hermetic container with high pressure and gases at high pressure, and the hermetic container is used as gas and is pressed Pressure barrier between real and consolidation powder.Hermetic container can be plastically deformed with compacted powder, and high temperature can be effective Ground is sintered together single powder particle to form monolithic prefabricated component.Uniform compacting pressure can be applied on all powder Power, and uniform Density Distribution can be realized in prefabricated component.For example, atomic nickel-titanium alloy powder can be nearly waited to load To in metal case such as steel case, and to the alloy powder degasification with the dampness for removing absorption and the sky carried secretly Gas.Such as the container closure containing the atomic nickel-titanium alloy powder such as near can be made by welding under vacuo.Afterwards can be The container of sealing is entered under uniform temperature and in the case where be enough to realize in a reservoir the pressure of the complete densification of Ni-Ti alloy powder Row HIP, so as to form fully dense nearly grade atom Ni-Ti alloy prefabricated component.

In some non-limiting embodiments according to the disclosure, with reference to Fig. 1, process alloy workpiece to reduce thermal cracking Method generally can include 10 around alloy workpiece major axis rotation alloy workpieces；And 15 arrive metal coated injection of material In at least a portion of the peripheral surface of alloy workpiece, to form the heat for being metallurgically bound to alloy workpiece, reducing alloy workpiece The face coat of loss.In certain non-limiting embodiments, alloy workpiece can be general cylindrical alloy workpiece, and Metal coating can be deposited in the peripheral surface of such as alloy workpiece.It is to be appreciated, however, that alloy workpiece can have it is different Shape.In addition, although Fig. 1 schematically depict wherein alloy workpiece and enclose the embodiment for pivoting, it will be understood that, can be with Using any alternative method, wherein injection apparatus are translated relative to alloy workpiece, or vice versa it is as the same so that metal coated material The surface distributed of alloy workpiece can be surrounded and deposited on said surface.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, can be included arriving metal coated injection of material according to disclosed method In at least a portion of the longitudinal end of alloy workpiece, to form the heat for being metallurgically bound to alloy workpiece, reducing alloy workpiece The coating for metal surfaces of loss.In certain non-limiting embodiments, method can be included in and complete alloy workpiece at least After once rotating, the major axis along workpiece moves alloy workpiece；By the outer circumferential table of metal coated injection of material to alloy workpiece On at least further part in face；And repeat mobile and spray until realizing required coating layer thickness.However, again, it will be appreciated that Operation can be substituted using any, so that relative motion is realized between injection apparatus and alloy workpiece, so that metal Coating material can surround the surface distributed of alloy workpiece and deposit on said surface.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, the material of metal coating can than alloy workpiece have more ductility and/or Toughness.In various non-limiting embodiments, the metal coating being formed on alloy workpiece can be in wide temperature range for example As having ductility in the ℉ of 68 ℉ to the 2300 and ℉ of 1500 ℉ to 2250.The ductility of metal coating and alloy workpiece can be measured For elongating or shortening for the region in pull-out test.In certain non-limiting embodiments, metal coating can be included than closing The bigger percentage elongation (2 inches of % at room temperature) of the percentage elongation of metal working part.In certain non-limiting embodiments, metal is applied Layer can include at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, more than 20%, more than 25%, more than 30%, be more than 35th, more than 40%, more than (2 inches at room temperature of the percentage elongation of 45%, 15% to 45%, 20% to 40% or 25% to 40% %).In certain non-limiting embodiments, alloy workpiece can include at most 15%, at most 20% or at most 30% Percentage elongation (2 inches of % at room temperature).

In certain non-limiting embodiments, have to be used when metal coated material may be embodied in processing alloy workpiece Particular process at a temperature of there is the metal material of toughness bigger than the alloy of alloy workpiece and/or more soft.Hardness can be with Test (Rockwell test) to measure according to Rockwell.In certain non-limiting embodiments, metal coating can include ratio The less Rockwell hardness of the Rockwell hardness of alloy workpiece.In certain non-limiting embodiments, metal coating can include 88 To 95 Rockwell B hardness, and alloy workpiece can include 92 to 100 Rockwell B hardness.In some non-limiting embodiments In, metal coating can include 82 to 88 Rockwell B hardness, and alloy workpiece can include 92 to 100 Rockwell B hardness. In certain non-limiting embodiments, metal coating can include 88 Rockwell B hardness, and alloy workpiece can include 92 Rockwell B hardness.In certain non-limiting embodiments, metal coating can include 25 Rockwell C hardness, and alloy work Part can include 38 Rockwell C hardness.The toughness of metal coating and alloy workpiece can be by entering to annealed material at room temperature Row Charpy V-notch shock-testing (Charpy V-notch impact testing) is measuring.In some non-limiting enforcements In scheme, the material of metal coating can include the Charpy V-notch bigger than the Charpy V-notch impact energy of alloy workpiece Impact energy.In certain non-limiting embodiments, metal coating can include Charpy V of 65 to 80 foot-pounds under 75 ℉ V notch v impact energy.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, metal coating can make the surface of alloy workpiece and contact the surface of mould It is thermally isolated.In this case, metal coating suppresses or limits forging of the bottom alloy workpiece to environment and/or contact coating workpiece Make or extrusion die surface emissivity heat.Metal coating is thermally isolated the table that effect can be prevented or suppress bottom alloy workpiece Face is cooled to surface and the brittle temperature of cracking may be easier during hot-working.In certain non-limiting embodiments, gold Category coating material can be than alloy workpiece more antioxygen.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, metal coated material can include metallic particles, the metallic particles spray It is mapped on surface of the work.Metallic particles can be for example stainless steel particles, nickel-base alloy granule, ferrous alloy granule, Ni-Fe base It is one or more of in alloying pellet, titanium-base alloy granule and cobalt-base alloyss granule.In some non-limiting embodiments In, metallic particles can be selected from stainless steel particles and nickel-base alloy granule.In certain non-limiting embodiments, rustless steel Grain can include austenite stainless steel particles.In certain non-limiting embodiments, metal coated material can include being selected from The austenite stainless steel particles of the group for consisting of：The rustless steels of Type 304 (UNS No.S30400) granule, Type 304L Rustless steel (UNS No.S30403) granule, the rustless steels of Type 316 (UNS No.S31600) granule and Type 316L are stainless Steel (UNS No.S31603) granule.In certain non-limiting embodiments, metal coated material can be comprising selected from following The nickel-base alloy granule of the group of composition：(UNS N06600) granule of alloy 600 and alloy 625 (UNS N06625) granule.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, metal coated material and alloy workpiece can comprising selected from cobalt, ferrum with And the underlying metal of the group of nickel composition.In certain non-limiting embodiments, the underlying metal of metal coated material can be with The underlying metal of alloy workpiece is identical.For example, metal coated material can comprising selected from alloy 600 (UNS No.N06600) and The nickel-base alloy of alloy 625 (UNS No.N06625), and alloy workpiece can be comprising selected from (the UNS of alloy 720 No.N07720)、Rene 88^TMAlloy andThe nickel-base alloy of alloy (UNS No.N07001).It is non-at some In restricted embodiment, the underlying metal of metal coated material and the underlying metal of alloy workpiece can be with different.For example, Metal coated material can be comprising selected from the rustless steels of Type 304 (UNS S30400) and the rustless steel (UNS of Type 316 S31600 ferrous alloy), and alloy workpiece can be comprising selected from alloy 720 (UNS No.N07720), Rene 88^TMAlloy AndThe nickel-base alloy of alloy (UNS No.N07001).

In certain non-limiting embodiments, process alloy workpiece with the method for reducing thermal cracking generally can include by Metal coated material is thermally sprayed at least a portion of the peripheral surface of alloy workpiece, and to be formed alloy work is metallurgically bound to The coating for metal surfaces of part, wherein coating for metal surfaces reduce the heat loss of alloy workpiece.In some non-limiting embodiments In, alloy workpiece can include general cylindrical alloy workpiece.As one of ordinary skill in the understanding, thermojet can be wrapped Include in metal coated injection of material to surface, at the same metal coated material in the fusing point than metal coated material it is bigger or with Equal temperature so that the metal coated material for being sprayed includes semi-molten metallic particles and/or molten metal drop.Often The thermojet technology of rule includes, for example, plasma, high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF), electric arc and gas flame thermojet technology. Any one of some conventional thermojet technologies are without the need for arduously just going for and being used together according to disclosed method.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, in the gold by semi-molten metallic particles and/or molten metal drop is included Before category coating material is thermally sprayed on the surface of alloy workpiece, at least a portion on the surface of alloy workpiece can be heated to At least 1100 ℉ such as temperature of the ℉ of 1100 ℉ to 2000.For example, can be by the peripheral surface of general cylindrical alloy workpiece At least a portion temperature for being heated to more than 2000 ℉, and afterwards can be comprising semi-molten metallic particles and/or melting The metal coated material of molten drop is thermally sprayed in alloy workpiece plus hot surface at least a portion.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, with reference to Fig. 2, thermal ejection system 100 generally can be included for by metal Coating material keeps the vessel 105 such as pans in molten condition.Vessel 105 can include diapire, and the diapire has to be permitted Perhaps the opening that melted material flows from vessel 105.Vessel 105 can receive melted material from ladle (ladle) or smelting furnace 107. Nozzle 110 can be adjacent to the diapire of vessel 105 with from the outlet stream of opening reception motlten metal coating material.Nebulizer 120 can To connect with nozzle 110 so as to leave the motlten metal coating material atomization of nozzle 110.Nebulizer 120 can be with fluid stream such as Liquid, air or inert gas flow clash into the outlet stream of melted material, so that outlet stream is split into forming the melting of atomizer cone 125 Drop.Ejecta comprising atomizer cone 125 may be at than metal coated material fusing point and/or softening temperature more greatly or therewith Equal temperature.Ejecta comprising atomizer cone 125 can include melted material and/or semi-molten material.Considering the disclosure Various embodiments this description after, can be with reference to this and other non-limiting embodiments described herein together The nebulizer 120 for using and the alternate design of spraying system will be apparent for those of ordinary skills.

With reference to the non-limiting embodiments shown in Fig. 2, alloy workpiece 130 can be parallel to the length of alloy workpiece 130 Axle moves and rotates through rotating seal 140 and enter in ejection chamber 150.Induction coil or heat resistanceheat resistant coil 160 can be determined Around the periphery of workpiece 130 surface of workpiece 130 and/or atomizer cone 125 is heated with permission position.It is non-limiting at some In embodiment, heating coil 160 can be by heating surfaces of work pieces to 1850 ℉.Alloy can be clashed into by making atomizer cone 125 Workpiece 130 simultaneously rotates alloy workpiece 130 thermojet coating for metal surfaces 135 is formed in into general cylindrical alloy workpiece 130 Peripheral surface at least a portion on.Alloy workpiece 130 can be passed through and through the atomizer cone below atomizer cone 125 125.Although Fig. 1 schematically depict wherein alloy workpiece encloses the embodiment for pivoting, it will be understood that, can adopt and appoint What alternative method, wherein injection apparatus are translated relative to alloy workpiece, or vice versa it is as the same so that metal coated material can enclose Around alloy workpiece surface distributed and deposit on said surface.

Optionally, alloy workpiece 130 is leaving ejection chamber 150 and/or can contact after ejection chamber 150 is left One or more roller (not shown).After thermojet and optionally roller coat, alloy work can be removed from ejection chamber 150 Part.Any excessive ejecta of melt coating material can be cured as powder to collect in chamber base 155 and carry out back Receive.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, can be included in after thermojet according to a kind of method of the disclosure, roller Alloy workpiece is applied so that thermojet coating for metal surfaces consolidation or densification.It is not intended to be limited to any particular theory, it is believed that fritting Melting metallic particles and/or molten metal drop can aoxidize during being formed and when splashing, and form hole.Gained thermal jet Penetrating coating for metal surfaces can include open-cell porosity, and the open-cell porosity may interfere with the subsequent thermal of coating alloy workpiece and add Work.In certain non-limiting embodiments, the inventive method can be included in after thermojet, and roller coat is closed in ejection chamber Metal working part to remove or reduce thermojet coating for metal surfaces in open-cell porosity.In certain non-limiting embodiments, Methods described can be included in after thermojet, and to coating alloy workpiece reheating, and roller coat alloy workpiece is removing or subtract Open-cell porosity in little thermojet coating for metal surfaces.It is in certain non-limiting embodiments, and restrictive, Roller coating process can use at most 17 rollers, such as 2 to 8, and with the rate processing material of at most 100 ton hours. In some other non-limiting embodiments, can be included by carrying out high temperature insostatic pressing (HIP) to being coated with workpiece according to disclosed method Come the open-cell porosity in making coating for metal surfaces consolidation or densification to remove or reduce thermojet coating for metal surfaces.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, the feature of thermojet face coat can be related to treatment conditions, described Treatment conditions include but is not limited to temperature, pressure, spacing (the distance between target surface of injection nozzle and alloy workpiece), spray Firing rate rate and deposition yield.In certain non-limiting embodiments, the metal coated material spray for being produced by thermal spray equipment The pressure for penetrating thing can be 1MPa, at most 1MPa, less than 1MPa, 0.5 to 1MPa or 0.7 to 1MPa.In some non-limiting realities In applying scheme, by thermal spray equipment produce metal coated injection of material thing temperature can be the ℉ of 1000 ℉ to 2700,1500 The ℉ of ℉ to the 2500 or ℉ of 2250 ℉ to 2700.In certain non-limiting embodiments, the metal for being produced by thermal spray equipment is applied The injection rate of cloth material can be 1 ppm to 100 ppms, 30 ppms to 100 ppms, 25 ppms extremely 75 ppms or 50 ppms.In certain non-limiting embodiments, the target surface of thermal spray equipment and alloy workpiece Between spacing distance can be 1 inch to 72 inches, 12 inches to 72 inches, 24 inches to 36 inches, 36 inches to 72 English It is very little or 36 inches.In certain non-limiting embodiments, the deposition yield of thermojet technique can be at most 95%, at most 80%th, at most 75%, at most 70%, 10% to 95%, 20% to 80%, 25% to 75%, 30% to 60% or 50%.Such as this Text is generally used, and term " deposition yield " refers to the percentage ratio that alloy workpiece is adhered in thermojet metal coated material.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, the thickness of thermojet coating for metal surfaces can be at most on alloy workpiece 2 inches, at most 1 inch, at most 0.5 inch, at most 0.25 inch, 0.25 to 2 inch, 0.5 to 1 inch or 1 to 2 inch. In some non-limiting embodiments, the thickness that thermojet coating for metal surfaces can have after roller coat is at most 2 inches, At most 1 inch, at most 0.5 inch, at most 0.25 inch, 0.25 to 2 inch, 0.5 to 1 inch, 1 to 2 inch, 0.25 to 0.5 Inch, 0.1 to 0.5 inch or 0.1 to 0.25 inch.In certain non-limiting embodiments, the thickness of thermojet metal surface Degree can be related to the traverse speed of alloy workpiece and/or rotary speed.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, process alloy workpiece with the method for reducing thermal cracking generally can include by Metal coated material is cold to be ejected at least a portion on the surface of alloy workpiece, and to be formed alloy workpiece is metallurgically bound to Coating for metal surfaces, wherein coating for metal surfaces reduce the heat loss of alloy workpiece.In certain non-limiting embodiments, close Metal working part can be general cylindrical alloy workpiece, and metal coating can be deposited on the peripheral surface of such as alloy workpiece On.It is to be appreciated, however, that alloy workpiece can have different shapes.As one of ordinary skill in the understanding, cold injection can To include in metal coated injection of material to surface, while metal coated material is in lower than the fusing point of metal coated material Temperature so that the metal coated material for being sprayed comprising metal coated material solid particle.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, with reference to Fig. 3, cold spraying system 200 generally can be included for keeping solid The vessel 205 of body particle metal coating material.Vessel 205 can include diapire, and the diapire has allows particulate solid material From the opening of the flowing of vessel 200.Nozzle 210 can be connected with from opening as restrained-spreading (Lavalle) type nozzle with vessel 200 Receive particulate solid material.Nozzle 210 can make fluid stream such as air, nitrogen, helium, argon or its mixture accelerate to ultrasound Speed.Can from vessel 200 by particulate solid material feeding for fluid stream to become entrained in stream in, and make the fluid stream Accelerate at high speed, so as to form atomizer cone 225.Can be in the upstream of nozzle 210 or in the exit of nozzle 210 from vessel Particulate solid material feeding is fluid stream by 200.Can be by fluid flows heat to less than the fusing point of particulate solid material and/or soft Change the temperature of temperature.In certain non-limiting embodiments, in particulate solid material enough speed is realized with impact work Before the entrance of the nozzle 210 of plastic deformation during part 205, may not convection cell stream heating.In the embodiment party for considering the present invention After the existing description of case, can with reference to this and other non-limiting embodiments described herein be used together it is suitable Nozzle and cold injection apparatus will be apparent for those of ordinary skills.

With reference to the non-limiting embodiments shown in Fig. 3, alloy workpiece 230 can be parallel to the length of alloy workpiece 230 Axle moves and rotates through rotating seal 240 and enter in ejection chamber 250.Alloy can be clashed into by making atomizer cone 225 Workpiece 230 simultaneously rotates peripheral surface that cold jeting surface coating 235 is formed in alloy workpiece 230 by alloy workpiece 230 extremely In a few part.Alloy workpiece 230 can be passed through and through the atomizer cone 225 below atomizer cone 225.Solid metal is applied Any excessive ejecta of cloth material may collect in chamber base 255 and be reclaimed.Although Fig. 3 schematically describes Wherein alloy workpiece encloses the embodiment for pivoting, it will be understood that, any alternative method, wherein injection apparatus can be adopted Relative to alloy workpiece translation, or vice versa it is as the same so that metal coated material can surround alloy workpiece surface distributed simultaneously And deposit on said surface.

Can perform less than at a temperature of the fusing point of particulate metal coating material and alloy workpiece in relatively low temperature Cold injection.Relatively low temperature can prevent high-temperature oxydation, evaporation, fusing, recrystallization and/or the gas of metal coated material from putting Go out, this can provide the advantage better than thermojet coating process.In certain non-limiting embodiments, solid metal coating material The prototype structure and characteristic of material can be preserved when coating is deposited as on alloy workpiece, and do not exist possibility in addition with height The such as associated phase transformation of plasma, HVOF, electric arc, gas flame injection or other thermojet techniques of warm coating process. It is not intended to be limited to any particular theory, it is believed that cold injection coating material may not be aoxidized during sputtering, and can be in alloy Metal coating is provided on workpiece, the metal coating has the density and/or lower thermal conductivity higher than various thermal spray coatings Rate.

Ultimate principle, equipment and the method for cold injection are for example generally described in U.S. Patent number 5,302,414.Nothing Meaning is limited to any particular theory, it is believed that cold jeting surface coating may be formed because of the surface of particles hit workpiece.Solid gold Impact of the metal particles to alloy workpiece can make solid metal particles plastic deformation.Granule/granular boundary and/or granule/workpiece The shearing of interface can make granule and/or the division of the surface oxide film on alloy workpiece, so as to cause metal to metal to connect Touch, and strong metallurgical junction is formed between each metal coated granule and between metal coated granule and alloy workpiece surface Close.The combination of cold spray technology can depend on particle deformation process, and therefore hard and crisp material may be unfavorable for cold spray Penetrate, because their plastic deformations is limited in one's ability.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, the feature of cold jeting surface coating can be related to treatment conditions, described Treatment conditions include but is not limited to temperature, pressure, the traverse speed of alloy workpiece, spacing (surface of nozzle and alloy workpiece it Between distance), injection rate and deposition yield.In certain non-limiting embodiments, the spray for being produced by cold injection apparatus The pressure for penetrating thing can be 0.5 to 5MPa, 0.7 to 5MPa, 1 to 5MPa, 1 to 4MPa, 0.3 to 1MPa, 0.5 to 1MPa or 0.7 To 1MPa.In certain non-limiting embodiments, the temperature of the ejecta for being produced by cold injection apparatus can be 100 DEG C extremely 1000 DEG C, 100 DEG C to 600 DEG C, 250 DEG C to 600 DEG C, 300 DEG C to 1000 DEG C, 400 DEG C to 600 DEG C, 500 DEG C to 1000 DEG C or 500 DEG C to 800 DEG C.In certain non-limiting embodiments, the injection rate of cold injection apparatus can be 1 to 200 Grams Per Minute Clock, 10 to 100 gram/minutes or 0.1 to 1 gram/minute.In certain non-limiting embodiments, cold injection apparatus and alloy work Spacing distance between the target surface of part can be 1 to 72 inch, 12 to 72 inches, 24 to 36 inches, 36 to 72 inches or 36 inches.In certain non-limiting embodiments, the deposition yield of cold spray technology can be at most 95%, at most 80%, At most 75%, at most 70%, 10% to 95%, 20% to 80%, 25% to 75%, 30% to 60% or 50%.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, the thickness of cold jeting surface coating can be at most 2 inches, at most 1 English It is very little, at most 0.5 inch, at most 0.25 inch, 0.25 inch to 2 inches, 0.5 inch to 1 inch or 1 inch to 2 inches.At certain In a little non-limiting embodiments, the thickness of thermojet metal surface can be with the traverse speed of alloy workpiece and/or rotation speed Degree is related.

In some non-limiting embodiments according to the disclosure, by surface coating deposition alloy workpiece circumference Or on the region on other surfaces after, can to alloy workpiece reorientation with will deposition face coat and surface corresponding region Remove from atomizer cone, and second or the subsequent sections on the surface are moved towards atomizer cone.To alloy workpiece reorientation it Afterwards, can be by moving up alloy workpiece with the side of the longer axis parallel of alloy workpiece to contact atomizer cone by metal surface Coating is cold to be ejected on the surface of alloy workpiece.In other words, atomizer cone can be static, while alloy workpiece is parallel to alloy The major axis of workpiece is moved, and the subsequent sections on the surface of the alloy workpiece are passed through below atomizer cone.

Can successfully repeat alloy workpiece relative reorientation and coating for metal surfaces in the major axis with alloy workpiece Deposition on parallel direction in such as peripheral surface of substantial cylindrical alloy workpiece, until the circumference of the alloy workpiece Surface is substantially covered with metal coating.In certain non-limiting embodiments, it may be predetermined that and/or actively control Nozzle parameter and alloy workpiece position to form uniform face coat at least a portion of the peripheral surface of alloy workpiece.

Alloy can consider the temperature cracked in alloy and by according to this public affairs with hot worked temperature range The composition and form of the metal coated material of the method deposition opened.Under the given initial temperature of hot work operation, some alloys Can the effectively hot-working within the scope of the temperature bigger than other alloys because the temperature that cracks in alloy exist it is poor It is different.For with relatively small hot processing temperature scope (that is, alloy can with the minimum temperature residing for hot-working with crack institute Difference between the temperature at place) alloy, the thickness of coating for metal surfaces can relatively more greatly suppressing or prevent bottom workpiece It is cooled to the brittle temperature scope for cracking.Similarly, for the alloy with relatively large hot processing temperature scope, metal The thickness of face coat can be split with relatively smaller with suppressing or preventing bottom alloy ingot or other alloy workpieces to be cooled to generation The brittle temperature scope of stricture of vagina.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, coating for metal surfaces can be formed at least the one of the surface of alloy workpiece On part.In certain non-limiting embodiments, coating for metal surfaces can be formed in the quite big of the surface of workpiece On point.In certain non-limiting embodiments, coating for metal surfaces can be formed in the peripheral surface of alloy workpiece.At certain In a little non-limiting embodiments, coating for metal surfaces can be formed at least one side of the peripheral surface of workpiece and workpiece Or on end face.In certain non-limiting embodiments, coating for metal surfaces can be formed in the peripheral surface and workpiece of workpiece Each side or end face on.

The coating for metal surfaces provided on alloy workpiece according to method disclosed herein can deposit to have and be enough to make bottom The thickness that layer surface of the work is thermally isolated with the surface for contacting mould, so as to suppress or prevent bottom surface of the work to be cooled to hot-working Period bottom surface of the work may be easier the temperature of cracking.In this way, larger hot processing temperature generally can with to larger The preference association of coating for metal surfaces thickness.In certain non-limiting embodiments, coating for metal surfaces can have and be suitable to Reduce the thickness of the heat loss of workpiece.It is not intended to be limited to any particular theory, during hot-working, coating for metal surfaces can subtract The heat loss and/or increase workpiece of few alloy workpiece is relative to mould or the slippage of other contact surfaces.Coating for metal surfaces Workpiece can be served as by convection current, conduction and/or the thermodynamic barrier of the heat loss for producing is radiated.

According to some non-limiting embodiments, the method for alloy ingot or other alloy workpieces to reduce thermal cracking is processed May be generally comprised in cooling before processing alloy workpiece includes the alloy workpiece of coating for metal surfaces.Cooled alloy workpiece can be with Including cooling coating for metal surfaces.In certain non-limiting embodiments, cooled alloy workpiece can include that air cooling is closed Metal working part.In certain non-limiting embodiments, the surface of alloy workpiece can be cooled to room before processing alloy workpiece Temperature.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, with reference to Fig. 4, process alloy workpiece to reduce thermal cracking according to the disclosure Other method generally includes 40 and alloy workpiece is inserted in metal case.At least a portion bag of the inner surface of metal case Coating containing nickel-boron.Alloy workpiece is encapsulated in 42 metal cases to form dress shell component.By at least a portion of gas from dress The inside of shell component removes 44, and adds hot charging shell component 46 to combine alloy workpiece and metal case with transient liquid phase.At some In non-limiting embodiments, metal case can include crown cap.For example, crown cap can be welded or otherwise firm Be attached to the opening of metal case alloy workpiece is enclosed in metal case and so as to form dress shell component.Institute In stating the various non-limiting embodiments of method, outlet can be provided in of metal case and crown cap, and be removed Dress shell component can be sealed outside outlet.Gas can be taken out from the inside of dress shell component by producing vacuum in outlet Go out.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, nickel-boron coating can be during the heating of dress shell component by alloy workpiece Metallurgically it is bound to metal case.Therefore, in certain non-limiting embodiments, metal case may refer to or be regarded as metallurgy Be bound to the face coat of alloy workpiece.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, metal case can include generally a cylindrical with opening and crown cap Shape metal part, the opening and the crown cap can weld or be otherwise attached to the opening of metal part simultaneously And so as to alloy workpiece be encapsulated wherein.In certain non-limiting embodiments, metal case can include 0.25 to 1 English Very little such as 0.25 to 0.75 inch or the wall thickness more than 0.25 to 0.5 inch.In certain non-limiting embodiments, metal Case can include the internal diameter bigger than the external diameter of alloy workpiece, so that alloy workpiece can be arranged in case.At some In non-limiting embodiments, metal case can include case opening at relative to the internal diameter at closed end it is bigger in Footpath.In certain non-limiting embodiments, the gap that shell component can be included between alloy workpiece and metal case is filled.At certain In a little other non-limiting embodiments, the gap that shell component may lack between alloy workpiece and metal case is filled.At some In non-limiting embodiments, alloy workpiece can be inserted in metal case with contacting metal case under gravity. In certain non-limiting embodiments, alloy workpiece can transient liquid phase combine and/or homogenizing during contact including The metal case of nickel-boron coating.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, alloy workpiece and/or metal case can be with tapered.Cone-shaped metal case Can be by cold forming and welding metal piece coordinating taper alloy workpiece to be formed.In certain non-limiting embodiments, Taper alloy workpiece and cone-shaped metal case can each include wide end and narrow end.In certain non-limiting embodiments, it is narrow End can include bottom and wide end can include top.In certain non-limiting embodiments, taper alloy workpiece and cone Shape metal case can include 1:50 to 1:200、1:50 to 1:100、1:200、1:100 or 1:50 taper.In some non-limits In property embodiment processed, alloy workpiece can include tapered cylindrical outer surface, and metal case can include complementary tapers Cylindrical form interior surface.In certain non-limiting embodiments, the complimentary geometries of conical surface can provide alloy workpiece With the close contact between the metal case including nickel-boron coating.In certain non-limiting embodiments, alloy workpiece can be with Whole length along the major axis of alloy workpiece is tapered.It is not intended to be limited to any particular theory, it is believed that relative to non-tapered alloy Workpiece and/or non-tapered metal case, can be changed using taper work and the cone-shaped metal case with complementary geometry The contact entered between alloy workpiece and the metal case including nickel-boron coating.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, metal case can be comprising with the thermal expansion system lower than alloy workpiece Several materials.For example, austenitic stainless steel can have the thermal coefficient of expansion than carbon steel about 30%.In some non-limiting realities In applying scheme, in the wide temperature range such as ℉ of 68 ℉ to 2000, the thermal coefficient of expansion of metal case can compare alloy workpiece Thermal coefficient of expansion it is little by least 20%.It is not intended to be limited to any particular theory, it is believed that provide between alloy workpiece and metal case Hot expansion property this species diversity can produce compressive stress with dress shell component heating and transient liquid phase combine during maintain Contact between alloy workpiece and the metal case including nickel-boron coating.In certain non-limiting embodiments, metal case Material can include under the ℉ of 70 ℉ to 200 being 6.9x 10^-6Inch/Ying Cun ℉ (being 12.4 μm/m DEG C at 21 DEG C to 93 DEG C) Thermal coefficient of expansion.In certain non-limiting embodiments, metal cap shell material can include under the ℉ of 70 ℉ to 200 being 9.2x 10^-6The thermal coefficient of expansion of inch/Ying Cun ℉ (being 16.5 μm/m DEG C at 21 DEG C to 93 DEG C).In some non-limiting embodiment party In case, alloy workpiece can include under the ℉ of 70 ℉ to 200 being 6.8x 10^-6Inch/Ying Cun ℉ (are 12.2 μ at 21 DEG C to 93 DEG C M/m DEG C) thermal coefficient of expansion.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, metal case can be comprising selected from nickel-base alloy, ferrous alloy, Ni-Fe Based alloy, cobalt-base alloyss and stainless material.Ferrous alloy case can include alloy 902 (UNS No.N09902). In some non-limiting embodiments, metal case can include the rustless steels of Type 430 (UNS No.S43000).

In certain non-limiting embodiments, alloy workpiece and metal case can be comprising selected from cobalt, ferrum and nickel The underlying metal of the group of composition.In certain non-limiting embodiments, the base of the underlying metal of metal case and alloy workpiece Plinth metal can be with different.For example, metal case can be comprising selected from alloy 902 (UNS No.N09902) and Type 430 The ferrous alloy of rustless steel (UNS No.S43000), while alloy workpiece can be comprising selected from (the UNS of alloy 720 No.N07720)、Rene 88^TMAlloy andThe nickel-base alloy of alloy (UNS No.N07001).

In certain non-limiting embodiments, method can be included in and for alloy workpiece be inserted in metal case it Before, nickel-boron is applied and is deposited upon at least a portion of the inner surface of metal cap shell.In certain non-limiting embodiments, Nickel-boron coating can be coated by chemical plating to the inner surface of metal case.As one of ordinary skill in the known, Chemical plating can deposit material on the surface in the case where electric current is not used.In general, chemical plating is included in not Reduce the one or more of metal ion catalysises in solution in the case of using electric energy to deposit metal on surface.It is heavy The driving force of product process can be provided by the chemical reducing agent in solution.Various suitable chemical plating techniques can be used for by Nickel-boron is applied and is deposited upon on the inner surface of metal cap shell, and those of ordinary skill in the art are possible to be easily adjusted routine Chemical plating technology with reference to the inventive method by suitable nickel-boron coating provide on the inner surface of metal case.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, nickel-boron is applied at least one of the inner surface for being deposited upon metal cap shell Generally can include on point：Coating solution comprising nickel-boron material is arranged in the inside of metal case；By nickel-boron material It is plated at least a portion of the inner surface of metal case；Such as coating solution is discharged from metal case by outlet；Punching Abacus category case；And such as by being dried metal case to the heating of metal case.The process is into metal case Surface provides nickel-boron coating.During plating process, the temperature and pH of coating solution can be monitored and controlled.It is non-at some In restricted embodiment, coating solution can be kept in steady temperature.In certain non-limiting embodiments, initially may be used Start to be catalyzed plating process to heat coating solution.In certain non-limiting embodiments, Plating times can be selected To produce the coating with a certain desired thickness.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, coating solution can include solvent, reducing agent and need to be plated to gold The ion of the one or more of metals on the inner surface of category case.Solvent can include water and/or alcohol, such as methanol and/ Or ethanol.Metal ion can be provided using for example at least partially soluble in a solvent slaine.It is non-limiting at some In embodiment, slaine can include nickel chloride, nickel sulfate, nickel formate, nickel acetate and/or solvable any in the solution Other suitable nickel salts.In certain non-limiting embodiments, salt can be selected to cause salt anion without interference with Chemical plating process will not produce unwanted coating performance.In certain non-limiting embodiments, reducing agent can be wrapped Include one or more of in N- dimethyamine boranes, H- diethylamine boranes and sodium borohydride.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, coating solution can include one or more of additives to control solution PH so that metal ion is stable, to prevent the precipitation of slaine, to control free metal ion concentration and/or control painting Some physical characteristics of layer.In certain non-limiting embodiments, coating solution can include acid and/or alkali to control solution pH.In certain non-limiting embodiments, coating solution can include chelating agent such as sour (such as) to control coating solution Free nickel ion concentration.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, coating solution can include kollag and/or hard particles to produce Raw some physical characteristics.For example, kollag and/or hard particles can be selected to produce with a certain coefficient of friction or anti- The coating of abrasiveness.In certain non-limiting embodiments, kollag can be selected from politef, graphite and two Molybdenum sulfide.In certain non-limiting embodiments, coating solution is comprising selected from carbide (for example, carborundum and/or carbonization Chromium), nitride, boride, the hard particles of diamond and/oxide.In certain non-limiting embodiments, solid lubrication Agent and/or hard particles can include the powder being suspended in coating solution.During deposition process, can be by some suspension materials Material is incorporated in gained coating, so as to produce required physical characteristics.In certain non-limiting embodiments, kollag And/or hard particles can respectively constitute at most 20% by the stereometer of coating.In certain non-limiting embodiments, nickel- Boron coating can have the hardness and/or abrasion resistance bigger than the hardness or abrasion resistance of alloy workpiece.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, nickel-boron coating can include the boron of nickel and 1 to 10 percentage by weight, example Such as picture, the boron of 2 to 7 percentage by weights, or the boron of 3 to 5 percentage by weights.In certain non-limiting embodiments, nickel-boron is applied Layer can include the boron of nickel and 3 to 5 percentage by weights.Nickel-boron coating can also include subsidiary impurity.It is non-limiting at some In embodiment, nickel-boron coating by or substantially by the boron of 1 to 10 percentage by weight, the boron of 2 to 7 percentage by weights, or 3 to 5 The boron of percentage by weight, nickel and subsidiary impurity composition.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, nickel-boron coating can include 0.005 inch to 0.25 inch, such as 0.005 inch to 0.1 inch or 0.005 inch to 0.01 inch of thickness.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, before deposition nickel-boron coating, for example by grinding or gold can be divested The inner surface of category case to metal case carrying out surface modulation.In various non-limiting method embodiments, can polish And/or burnished metal case.In certain non-limiting embodiments, metal envelope surface can be ground to #3 to #4 polishings Spend to improve the combination of the inner surface of nickel-boron coating to case.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, can be incited somebody to action by the one kind in thermojet as above and cold injection Nickel-boron coating is coated to metal case.Using thermojet by nickel-boron coating coat to the inwall of case some are non-limiting In embodiment, motlten metal coating material can include nickel-boron alloy.Nickel-boron coating is being coated to cover using cold injection In some non-limiting embodiments of the inwall of shell, the solid metal particles of metal coated material can include nickel-boron alloy Granule.In certain non-limiting embodiments, the nickel-boron alloy for being coated by thermojet or cold injection can include Ni-based conjunction The borated rustless steel of gold or the composition at most boron of 3 percentage by weights.In certain non-limiting embodiments, pass through The nickel-boron alloy of thermojet or cold injection coating can include the Type304B7 of the boron for constituting 1.75 to 2.25 percentage by weights Rustless steel (UNS No.S30467).

In certain non-limiting embodiments, at least the one of the inner surface that nickel-boron coating is formed in metal case After on part, but before insertion alloy workpiece, metal case can be heated.For example, in various embodiments, metal Case can be exposed to high temperature, and such as, the ℉ of 1100 ℉ to 2500 are so that metal case expands, and can insert alloy workpiece Enter in the metal case of expansion.Metal case can shrink when metal case is cooled down, so that nickel-boron coating can be drawn Into being in close contact with alloy workpiece.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, the inventive method can be included by the way that the outlet provided on case is connected To vacuum pump and applying vacuum is so that at least a portion of gas and/or dampness is removed gas from the inside of dress shell component Remove from the inside of dress shell component.In certain non-limiting embodiments, vacuum can produce air compression pressure with wink Interstitial fluid combine and/or homogenizing during make between alloy workpiece and metal case maintain contact.It is not intended to be limited to any specific reason By, it is believed that gas may be produced in the inside of dress shell component to filling shell component heating, the gas may negatively affect moment Liquid phase is combined to form and/or metallurgical binding is formed.In certain non-limiting embodiments, method can include applying true simultaneously Dress shell component is heated to transient liquid phase combination temperature by sky so that gas and/or dampness to be removed from the inside of dress shell component And/or homogenization temperature.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, plus hot charging shell component with transient liquid phase combine alloy workpiece combine and metal During case can include for dress shell component being placed on smelting furnace or baking oven.In certain non-limiting embodiments, shell will can be filled Component is heated at least one of transient liquid phase combination temperature and homogenization temperature.In certain non-limiting embodiments, wink The interstitial fluid temperature that combines can be less than or equal to homogenization temperature.In certain non-limiting embodiments, transient liquid phase combines temperature Degree can be equal to or more than the fusion temperature of nickel-boron coating.In certain non-limiting embodiments, the fusing of nickel-boron coating Temperature can be less than or equal to homogenization temperature.In certain non-limiting embodiments, homogenization temperature can be 2100 ℉ extremely 2200℉.In certain non-limiting embodiments, transient liquid phase combination temperature can be the ℉ of 1800 ℉ to 2000.It is non-at some In restricted embodiment, the fusion temperature of nickel-boron coating can be the ℉ of 1850 ℉ to 1930.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, transient liquid phase is combined and homogenizing can occur simultaneously.For example, it is non-at some In restricted embodiment, transient liquid phase combination temperature can be Chong Die with homogenization temperature.It is not intended to be limited to any particular theory, phase Letter transient liquid phase combine and/or homogenizing during, nickel-boron coating can melt, and boron can diffuse into alloy workpiece and In both metal cases.As boron spreads from nickel-boron coating, the fusing point of nickel-boron coating can increase.When again nickel-boron coating is consolidated During change, the metallurgical binding of the inner surface that alloy workpiece is soldered to metal case can be formed, be combined so as to produce transient liquid phase. In certain non-limiting embodiments, transient liquid phase is combined and can occurred before the homogenisation.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, dress shell component can be heated to into transient liquid phase knot in first time period Temperature is closed, and homogenization temperature is heated in second time period.In certain non-limiting embodiments, first time period and Second time period can independently selected from most 72 hours, at most 48 hours, at most 36 hours, at most 24 hours, it is at most 12 little When, at most 5 hours, at most 4 hours and at most 2 hours, such as, 24 to 72 hours, 36 to 48 hours, 6 to 24 hours, 1 To 5 hours, 2 to 4 hours or 2 to 3 hours.In certain non-limiting embodiments, first time period can be at most 5 little When, such as, at most 4 hours, at most 2 hours, 1 to 5 hour, 2 to 4 hours or 2 to 3 hours.In some non-limiting enforcements In scheme, second time period can be at most 72 hours, such as, at most 48 hours, at most 36 hours, at most 24 hours, extremely When many 12,24 to 72 hours, 36 to 48 hours or 6 to 24 hours.In certain non-limiting embodiments, can be by dress shell group Part is heated to the temperature of the ℉ of 1850 ℉ to 1930, is continued up to two hours, so that nickel-boron cladding melts, and cause alloy Transient liquid phase between workpiece and metal case is combined, and dress shell component is heated to afterwards the homogenizing temperature of the ℉ of 2100 ℉ to 2200 Degree, continues 36 to 72 hours.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, shell component heating will can be filled to produce by applying the first thermograde Transient liquid phase between alloy workpiece and metal case is combined, and afterwards by applying second temperature gradient heating so as to close Metal working part homogenizing.In certain non-limiting embodiments, the first thermograde can be at least 0.50 ℉/minute, such as, At least 0.75 ℉/minute, at least 1 ℉/minute, at least 2 ℉/minute, at most 3 ℉/minute, at most 2 ℉/minute, at most 1.5 ℉/minute, at most 1 ℉/minute, 0.5 to 2 ℉/minute or 0.6 to 1.75 ℉/minute.In some non-limiting embodiments In, the first thermograde may be at being enough within the at most time of two hours making temperature, and from 1850 ℉ to 1930, ℉ increases Speed.In certain non-limiting embodiments, the first thermograde can be at least 0.10 ℉/minute, such as, at least 0.2 ℉/minute, at least 0.5 ℉/minute, at least 0.75 ℉/minute, at most 1 ℉/minute, at most 1 ℉/minute, at most 0.9 ℉/minute, at most 0.75 ℉/minute, 0.1 to 0.9 ℉/minute or 0.2 to 0.5 ℉/minute.In some non-limiting embodiment party In case, second temperature gradient may be at being enough to make the temperature speed that ℉ increases from 2100 ℉ to 2200 in 36 to 48 hours. Be not intended to be limited to any particular theory, it is believed that make thermograde slow down close nickel-boron coating fusing point and/or keep in nickel- The migration on a large scale of nickel-boron coating that the fusing point of boron coating can reduce or prevent from melting, and in alloy workpiece and metal cap Higher metallurgical binding is provided between shell.In certain non-limiting embodiments, heating can reduce to 1930 ℉ from 1850 ℉, And ℉ is kept for 1 to 2 hour from 1900 ℉ to 1930.

Compared with dress shell side method described herein, the feature of conventional dress shell technology can be relatively low protective efficacy, Because metal-back cannot metallurgically be bound to workpiece.It is not intended to be limited to any particular theory, it is believed that metal case and alloy workpiece Between transient liquid phase combination can bear heavy hot-working effectively to protect workpiece to avoid because caused by mould chilling effect Surface cracks, and so as to improve forging yield.For example, present inventors have observed that the moment liquid produced according to the inventive method Combining can bear the roller coat condition of very severe.Nickel-boron face coat can metallurgically be bound to the surface of alloy workpiece, And until hot-working and during hot-working, metal case may remain on the surface of alloy workpiece.It is bound to alloy The metal case of workpiece can reduce the heat loss of alloy workpiece, and relative to lacking the other identical of this combination case The incidence rate of surface cracking during alloy workpiece elimination or the forging of reduction alloy workpiece, extrusion or other processing.In rotation forging After making to produce forging billet and blank product and/or after roller coat is to produce billet and loop product, metal case can To be still metallurgically bound to alloy workpiece.

In certain non-limiting embodiments, with reference to Fig. 5, process alloy workpiece and generally may be used in the method for reducing thermal cracking To include：50 ingot bars are provided；It is ground 52 ingot bars to form taper ingot bar；54 cone-shaped metal cases are provided；By chemical plating, spray Penetrate in molding or cold injection it is a kind of by nickel-boron coating deposition 56 at least a portion of the inner surface of metal case；Rinse 58 and be dried 60 metal cases inner surface；Alloy workpiece is inserted in 62 metal cases；Alloy workpiece is encapsulated in into 64 gold medals Shell component is filled in category case to be formed；At least a portion of gas and/or dampness is gone from the inside of dress shell component under vacuo Except 66；Heating 68 under vacuo fills the inner surface that shell component combines alloy workpiece and metal case with transient liquid phase, so as to be formed 70 dress shell alloy workpieces.

According to some non-limiting embodiments, the coating that can be produced to the embodiment by method disclosed herein Alloy workpiece or dress shell alloy workpiece hot-working.Can include applying a force to coating to being coated with or filling the hot-working of shell alloy workpiece Or dress shell workpiece is so that workpiece deformation.The power can be applied with such as mould and/or roller.In some non-limiting embodiments In, can be included at a temperature of the ℉ of 1500 ℉ to 2500 to workpiece hot-working to being coated with or filling the hot-working of shell alloy workpiece. In some non-limiting embodiments, to being coated with or filling the hot-working of shell alloy workpiece forging operation and/or extrusion behaviour can be included Make.For example, can be to the metal watch being deposited on according to method disclosed herein at least one region on the surface of workpiece The workpiece of finishing coat, or as being disclosed herein, the alloy workpiece that shell has been filled carries out upsetting pressure forging and/or drawing is forged.Various non- In restricted embodiment, method can be included in after coating for metal surfaces is formed on workpiece, by forging come to applying Cloth workpiece hot-working.In various non-limiting embodiments, method can be included in and for coating for metal surfaces be formed in workpiece After upper, by the forging at a temperature of the ℉ of 1500 ℉ to 2500 come to coating alloy workpiece hot-working.Various non-limiting In embodiment, method can be included in after face coat is formed on alloy workpiece, by extruding to coating alloy Workpiece hot-working.In various non-limiting embodiments, method can be included in and for coating for metal surfaces be formed in alloy work After on part, by extruding at a temperature of the ℉ of 1500 ℉ to 2500 to coating alloy workpiece hot-working.

Upsetting pressure-drawing forging operation can include one or more orders of upsetting pressure forging operation and drawing forging behaviour The one or more orders made.During upsetting pressure forging operation, the end surfaces that can make workpiece are contacted with forging mold, described Forging mold applies a force to workpiece, and the power will compress the length of workpiece and increase the section of workpiece.The phase is operated in drawing Between, side surface (for example, the peripheral surface of cylindrical work) can be made to contact with forging mold, the forging mold applies power To workpiece, the power will compress the section of workpiece and increase the length of workpiece.

According to some non-limiting embodiments, the method for alloy ingot or other alloy workpieces to reduce thermal cracking is processed Generally can include removing the residue of at least a portion of coating for metal surfaces and/or face coat from workpiece.At some In non-limiting embodiments, after method can be included in being coated with workpiece hot-working, by least the one of coating for metal surfaces Part removes from the product by being formed to workpiece hot-working.Removing coating material can include such as blast cleaning, mill It is one or more of in cutting, divest and rotating.In certain non-limiting embodiments, hot worked coating workpiece is divested Can rotate including lathe.

According to some non-limiting embodiments, the method for alloy ingot or other alloy workpieces to reduce thermal cracking is processed Generally can include removing the residue of at least a portion of metal case and/or metal case from workpiece.In some non-limits In property embodiment processed, after method can be included in filling shell workpiece hot-working, by least a portion of metal case from logical Cross the product formed to filling shell workpiece hot-working to remove.Remove case material can include such as blast cleaning, be ground, divest with And it is one or more of in rotation.In certain non-limiting embodiments, divesting hot worked coating workpiece can include Lathe rotates.

In various non-limiting embodiments, it is processed to include coating for metal surfaces or be such as described herein to fill The alloy ingot of shell or other alloy workpieces can undergo one or more upsetting pressures-drawing forging operation.For example, in triple upsettings In pressure-drawing forging operation, can first to being coated with or filling shell workpiece upsetting pressure forging and carry out drawing forging afterwards.For total Totally three order upsetting pressure-drawing forging operations, upsetting pressure and drawing order can be repeated twice the above.In various non-limiting enforcements In scheme, coating or dress shell workpiece can undergo one or more extrusion operations.For example, in extrusion operation, can force Substantial cylindrical is coated with or fills shell workpiece and passes through circular die, so as to reducing the diameter of workpiece and increasing the length of the workpiece Degree.Other hot-working process will be apparent for those of ordinary skill, and can be fitted according to disclosed method Together in such other technologies in it is one or more of be used together, without carrying out extra experiment.

In various non-limiting embodiments, method disclosed herein can be used for from casting, consolidate or be injected into The alloy ingot of type ingot bar form produces forging blank.Ingot bar is changed into blank or forging conversion or the extrusion turn of other fabricated products Change can produce more fine grain structure compared with previous workpiece in product.It is described herein for producing coating and fills The method and technique of shell alloy workpiece can improve the yield of forging or extruded product (such as, blank) by made by workpiece, Because providing the surface cracking of workpiece during the material on the surface of alloy workpiece can reduce forging and/or extrude operation Incidence rate.For example, it has been observed that provide the gold on the region on alloy workpiece surface according to the embodiment of disclosed method Metal surface coating can bear the strain induced by processing mold.It was additionally observed that, can according to the coating for metal surfaces that the disclosure is provided Temperature contrast during more easily bearing hot-working between processing mold and alloy workpiece.In this way, it has been observed that root Zero or the cracking of small surface can be shown according to the coating for metal surfaces of the disclosure, while the bottom of at during preventing or reducing processing Face crack in layer alloy workpiece causes.

In various non-limiting embodiments, containing various alloys, face coat is had according to the disclosure or enters luggage The ingot bar of shell or other workpiece can be thermally processed to form the product that can be used for making various products.For example, it is described herein Technique can be used for by nickel-base alloy, ferrous alloy, Ni-Fe based alloy, titanium-base alloy, titanium-nickel-base alloy, cobalt-base alloyss, During nickel based super alloy and other superalloy form blank.The base formed by hot worked ingot bar or other alloy workpieces Part or other products can be used for making product, and the product includes but is not limited to turbine components, such as, turbogenerator Disk and annular element and various land turbines.By the conjunction processed according to various non-limiting embodiments described herein Other products made by golden ingot bar or other alloy workpieces can include but is not limited to valve, engine components, axle and securing member.

Can be able to be in any suitable form according to the alloy workpiece that herein various embodiments are processed.Specific non- In restricted embodiment, for example, alloy workpiece can include or in the form of：Ingot bar, blank, billet, blanket, base pipe, Sintered preforms etc..

Unless otherwise instructed, otherwise all references cited herein is herein incorporated by reference.To any document Reference should not be construed as and recognize that the document is prior art with regard to the present invention.In addition, if the term in the literature appoint Any implication of what implication or definition and the same term in the document being incorporated by reference or definition mutually conflict, then will be with tax The implication or definition for giving the term in the literature is defined.

Although it is stated that and describe the concrete non-limiting embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art will be clear Chu, can without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention make various other changing and modifications.Therefore, in appended right Be intended to cover in the scope of the invention in claim all such changes and modifications.

Claims

1. a kind of to process method of the alloy workpiece to reduce thermal cracking, methods described includes：

By at least a portion of metal coated injection of material to the peripheral surface of substantial cylindrical alloy workpiece forming metallurgy Be bound to the face coat of the alloy workpiece；

Wherein will include at least a portion of metal coated injection of material to the peripheral surface than the metal coated material The metal coated material is sprayed at the less temperature of the fusing point of the fusing point of material and the alloy workpiece；

Wherein described face coat has more ductility than the alloy workpiece；And

Wherein described face coat reduces the heat loss of the alloy workpiece.

2. the method for claim 1, wherein by described in the metal coated injection of material to the alloy workpiece During at least a portion of peripheral surface, the alloy workpiece rotates around the major axis of the workpiece.

3. the method for claim 1, wherein the metal coated material is comprising selected from stainless steel particles and nickel-base alloy The granule of granule.

4. the method for claim 1, wherein the metal coated material comprising selected from group consisting of at least A kind of granule of austenitic stainless steel：The rustless steels of Type 304 (UNS No.S30400), Type 304L rustless steel (UNS No.S30403), the rustless steels of Type 316 (UNS No.S31600) and Type 316L rustless steels (UNS No.S31603).

5. the method for claim 1, wherein the metal coated material is included selected from (the UNS of alloy 600 No.N06600) and alloy 625 (UNS No.N06625) composition group at least one nickel-base alloy granule.

6. the method for claim 1, wherein by least a portion of metal coated injection of material to the peripheral surface On include solid metal particles are ejected in the peripheral surface.

7. the method for claim 1, wherein the metal coated material includes solid metal particles.

8. the method for claim 1, its be additionally included in by metal coated injection of material to the peripheral surface at least Before in a part：

At least a portion of the peripheral surface of the alloy workpiece is heated to into the temperature more than 2000 ℉.

9. the method for claim 1, wherein the alloy workpiece is comprising being selected from nickel-base alloy, nickel based super alloy, ferrum The material of the group of based alloy, Ni-Fe based alloy, titanium-base alloy, titanium-nickel-base alloy and cobalt-base alloyss composition.

10. the method for claim 1, wherein the alloy workpiece is comprising being selected from (the UNS of alloy 718 No.N07718), alloy 720 (UNS No.N07720), Rene 41^TMAlloy (UNS No.N07041), Rene 88^TMAlloy,Alloy (UNS No.N07001) andThe material of the group of 100 alloys composition.

11. the method for claim 1, wherein the metal coated material and the alloy workpiece comprising selected from cobalt, The underlying metal of the group of ferrum and nickel composition.

12. methods as claimed in claim 11, wherein the underlying metal of the metal coated material and the alloy work The underlying metal of part is identical.

13. methods as claimed in claim 11, wherein the underlying metal of the metal coated material and the alloy work The underlying metal of part is different.

14. the method for claim 1, its be additionally included in by metal coated injection of material to the peripheral surface at least Before in a part：

Adjust at least a portion of the peripheral surface of the alloy workpiece.

15. methods as claimed in claim 2, it also includes：

After the rotation at least one times for completing the alloy workpiece, moving along the direction of the major axis of the alloy workpiece Move the alloy workpiece；

By on the further part of the peripheral surface of the metal coated injection of material to the alloy workpiece；And

The metal coating thickness of the repetition movement and injection needed for realizing.

16. the method for claim 1, it also includes：

By at least a portion of the metal coated injection of material to the longitudinal end of the alloy workpiece with formed metallurgically It is bound to the face coat of the alloy workpiece.

17. the method for claim 1, its be additionally included in by metal coated injection of material to the peripheral surface at least After in a part：

Alloy workpiece described in roller coat is so that face coat consolidation.

18. the method for claim 1, its be additionally included in by metal coated injection of material to the peripheral surface at least After in a part：

By at least one in forging and extrusion come to the alloy workpiece hot-working so that the alloy workpiece deformation.

19. methods as claimed in claim 18, it is additionally included in after the alloy workpiece hot-working：

At least a portion of the face coat is removed from the alloy workpiece.