CN111230134A - Multicomponent alloy powder and its fast preparation method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application relates to a multi-element alloy powder and a rapid preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: designing alloy components, mixing a plurality of pure metals according to the design, or mixing a plurality of pure metals and a plurality of non-metals, smelting and preparing an alloy ingot; respectively and electrically connecting an electrode and the alloy ingot with two poles of a power supply, generating arc plasma in a discharge gap between the electrode and the alloy ingot, enabling the alloy ingot and the surface of the electrode to be partially melted by the arc plasma to form a melting zone, simultaneously causing the working form of the arc plasma to be changed, enabling the melting zone to generate micro explosion, crushing and throwing away materials in the melting zone, and collecting powder. The method can obtain the multi-component alloy powder with uniform components, good sphericity and high apparent density, has high efficiency, can realize the rapid preparation of multi-component alloys with different formulas, and strives for time for researching the performance of novel alloys.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloys, in particular to multi-element alloy powder and a rapid preparation method thereof.
Background
Pure metal means a metal that is free of other impurities or other metal components. The material has high electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and good plasticity, however, the mechanical property of pure metal is not high, and the material cannot be widely used as a metal material of an engineering structure, so the material is less applied to various industries. In fact, most of the metal materials used in the engineering structure are alloys, such as carbon steel, alloy steel, copper alloy, nickel alloy, titanium alloy, molybdenum alloy, tungsten alloy, high-entropy alloy and the like. The development and performance research of multi-element alloys have been a hot topic in the field, and high-entropy alloys are new materials which are more popular in recent years, have the properties of high strength, high hardness, good corrosion resistance, excellent high-temperature structure stability, radiation resistance and the like, and attract wide attention in the international material field. With further intensive research on various alloys and urgent demands for high performance of materials, how to rapidly prepare newly designed alloys in future work becomes important to research on properties thereof.
The existing mainstream methods for preparing the alloy powder include a mechanical method, an atomization method, a reduction method and the like. However, when the alloy powder is prepared by a mechanical method, the crushed powder has irregular shape and larger particle size, and impurities of a crushing medium are easily introduced; most of the alloy powder prepared by adopting a reduction method is irregular in sponge structure, and the loose packing density is low, so that the porosity of the formed part is high, and the strength is low; the atomization method is to melt and atomize the alloy into fine droplets and solidify the fine droplets in a cooling medium into alloy powder, and the prepared alloy powder has good sphericity and high apparent density, but because the melting points and specific gravities of all metal elements in the alloy powder are different, the elements with low melting points or large specific gravities flow into an atomization chamber firstly after being melted to generate powder, so that the components of the alloy powder are not uniform and the component segregation is easy to generate.
In addition, patent CN102363214A also discloses a tungsten-titanium powder mixing method, in which tungsten powder and titanium powder are put into a powder mixer according to a ratio, titanium balls are added, and ball milling is performed under a protective atmosphere.
Therefore, the development of a preparation method of the alloy powder with new components, which has the advantages of good powder sphericity, low cost, high efficiency and quick response, becomes the key of development.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the method, the multi-element alloy powder with uniform components, good sphericity and high apparent density can be obtained, the method is high in efficiency, rapid preparation of alloys with different formulas can be realized, and time is strived for researching the performance of novel alloys.
The specific technical scheme for solving the technical problems comprises the following steps:
a rapid preparation method of multi-component alloy powder comprises the following steps:
designing alloy components, and mixing a plurality of pure metals or mixing a plurality of pure metals and a plurality of non-metals according to the design, smelting and preparing an alloy ingot;
respectively and electrically connecting an electrode and the alloy ingot with two poles of a power supply, generating arc plasma in a discharge gap between the electrode and the alloy ingot, enabling the alloy ingot and the surface of the electrode to be partially melted by the arc plasma to form a melting zone, simultaneously causing the working form of the arc plasma to be changed, enabling the melting zone to generate micro explosion, crushing and throwing away materials in the melting zone, and collecting powder.
In one embodiment, the pure metal is selected from W, Mo, Hf, Ta, V, Nb, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ti, Al, Mg or Cu.
In one embodiment, the nonmetal is selected from C, P, S, N, Si, H, O, or B.
In one embodiment, the smelting method comprises the following steps:
mixing a plurality of pure metals or mixing a plurality of pure metals and a plurality of non-metals, and smelting in a vacuum environment to prepare an alloy ingot with uniform components.
In one embodiment, the alloy ingot has an outer shape of a regular rod, an irregular rod, a regular block, or an irregular block.
In one embodiment, the electrode is a single element electrode, and the element of the single element electrode is the same as the main element of the alloy ingot.
In one embodiment, the electrode is an alloy electrode, and the alloy electrode has the same elements as the alloy ingot.
In one embodiment, the method for causing the arc plasma working form to change is as follows:
introducing a fluid medium into the discharge gap, and controlling the flow rate of the fluid medium and the relative rotation speed of the electrode and the alloy ingot to cause the working form of the arc plasma to change.
In one embodiment, the electrode is electrically connected to an anode of the power supply, the electrode is provided with a hollow cavity, and part or all of the fluid medium is introduced from the hollow cavity of the electrode.
In one embodiment, the alloy ingot is electrically connected to an anode of the power supply, the alloy ingot is provided with a hollow cavity, and part or all of the fluid medium is introduced from the hollow cavity of the electrode.
In one embodiment, the fluid medium is a water-based medium and/or an inert gas.
The invention also provides the multi-element alloy powder prepared by the method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention takes a plurality of pure metals or a plurality of pure metals and a plurality of non-metals as raw materials, firstly, the pure metals or the pure metals and the non-metals are smelted into alloy ingots, and then, the multi-element alloy powder is successfully prepared by utilizing the electric arc micro-explosion powder preparation technology. The electric arc micro-explosion powder preparation technology specifically comprises the following steps: the arc plasma is used as a high-density energy heat source and acts on the surfaces of the alloy ingot and the electrode to melt a part of the surfaces of the alloy ingot and the electrode to form a small-range melting pit, namely a melting area. Meanwhile, the working form of the arc plasma in the discharge gap between the electrode and the alloy ingot is changed, tiny explosion is generated in a melting area, materials in the melting area are crushed and thrown away, and then the materials are rapidly condensed into spherical powder in a fluid medium. Meanwhile, the method has a high production effect, can quickly respond to the preparation of the alloy powder with new components, can realize the quick preparation of alloys with different formulas, and strives for time for researching the performance of novel alloys.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process for preparing multi-component alloy powder by an arc micro-explosion powder preparation technique;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the multi-component alloy powder obtained in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the multi-component alloy powder obtained in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the multi-component alloy powder obtained in example 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the multi-component alloy powder obtained in example 4.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Theoretically, "pure metal" means a metal containing no other impurities or other metal components, but the purity of the pure metal is difficult to reach 100% due to actual smelting, so the "pure metal" in the present invention includes a metal containing a small amount of impurities.
The "plurality" means two or more kinds.
The main element of the alloy ingot refers to the element with the highest content in the alloy ingot.
A rapid preparation method of multi-component alloy powder comprises the following steps:
designing alloy components, and mixing a plurality of pure metals or mixing a plurality of pure metals and a plurality of non-metals according to the design, smelting and preparing an alloy ingot;
respectively and electrically connecting an electrode and the alloy ingot with two poles of a power supply, generating arc plasma in a discharge gap between the electrode and the alloy ingot, enabling the alloy ingot and the surface of the electrode to be partially melted by the arc plasma to form a melting zone, simultaneously causing the working form of the arc plasma to be changed, enabling the melting zone to generate micro explosion, crushing and throwing away materials in the melting zone, and collecting powder.
Specifically, the types of elements and the contents of the respective elements of the multi-element alloy powder can be designed by mixing several pure metals in different proportions, or several pure metals and non-metals in different proportions. According to actual needs, various pure metals or non-metals of different types can be weighed to form corresponding alloy ingots, and then corresponding multi-component alloy powder is formed. In theory, multi-component alloy powders of various formulations can be prepared by the process of the present invention.
The pure metal is selected from W, Mo, Hf, Ta, V, Nb, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ti, Al, Mg or Cu. Wherein, various elements can be mixed in a proper proportion, and the invention is not limited particularly.
The nonmetal is selected from C, P, S, N, Si, H, O or B. Wherein, various elements can be mixed in a proper proportion, and the invention is not limited particularly.
In some preferred embodiments, the pure metal is selected from Fe, Mo, Cr, Ni, Mn, Ti, Hf, V, Ta, the non-metal is selected from C, Si, P, S, and the resulting alloy ingot is stainless steel.
In one embodiment, the alloy ingot comprises the following elements in percentage by mass:
mo: 2.0% -3.0%; cr: 16.0% -18.0%; ni: 10.0% -14.0%; mn: 2.0 percent; c: 0.03 percent; si: 1.00 percent; p: 0.045%; s: 0.03 percent; fe: and (4) the balance.
In some preferred embodiments, the pure metal is selected from Al, Co, Cr, Fe, Ni, and the resulting alloy ingot is AlCoCrFeNi.
In one embodiment, the alloy ingot comprises the following elements in percentage by mass:
Al:1％～2％；Co：15％～20％；Cr：15％～20％；Fe：15％～20％；Ni：38％～54％。
it is understood that the pure metals and non-metals can be in various states, and for the convenience of smelting, the pure metals and non-metals are preferably in powder form.
The smelting method comprises the following steps:
mixing a plurality of pure metals or mixing a plurality of pure metals and a plurality of non-metals, and smelting in a vacuum environment to prepare an alloy ingot with uniform components.
It will be appreciated that the smelting is carried out in a smelting furnace, the temperature being heated to a temperature at which pure metal or non-metal melts.
It is to be understood that, in the production of an alloy ingot according to the present invention, the alloy ingot may be subjected to a conventional operation such as refining, quenching, hot rolling, etc. after melting, and the present invention is not particularly limited thereto.
The shape of the prepared alloy ingot can be regular or irregular.
Specifically, the shape of the alloy ingot is a regular rod, an irregular rod, a regular block or an irregular block.
The rod shape includes, but is not limited to, a round rod.
Including but not limited to squares or triangles.
Wherein, the electrode and the alloy ingot are respectively and electrically connected with two poles of a power supply, which can be understood as follows: connecting the electrode to an anode of the power supply and connecting the alloy ingot to a cathode of the power supply. It is also understood that the electrode is connected to the cathode of the power source and the alloy ingot is connected to the anode of the power source.
When the electrode is connected to the anode of a power source, the power source drives the electrode to rotate. At this time, the electrode is provided with a hollow cavity. Some or all of the fluid medium is introduced from within the hollow cavity of the electrode. That is, the fluid medium may be introduced from the hollow cavity of the electrode, or may be introduced from the outside of the hollow cavity of the electrode, including flowing along the outer surface of the electrode toward the alloy ingot, and then introduced into the discharge gap between the electrode and the alloy ingot, or may be introduced into the gap between the electrode and the alloy ingot through other means.
It will be appreciated that the fluid media flowing from within the hollow cavity and from outside the hollow cavity may be the same fluid media or different fluid media.
In a preferred embodiment, the fluid medium is a water-based medium and/or an inert gas, the inert gas comprising nitrogen.
In a preferred embodiment, the water-based medium is distilled water.
It is understood that the electrode provided with a hollow cavity is an electrode provided with a single tube, multiple tubes and hollow nests.
In some preferred embodiments, the electrode is an electrode provided with a single tube having a partial structure as shown in the left side of fig. 1, and the single tube electrode is provided with electrode assemblies 110 and a passage tube 120 between the electrode assemblies. The passage tube is provided with an inlet and an outlet, and the fluid medium can enter from the inlet in the passage tube and flow out from the outlet in the passage tube. The outlet of the passage pipe faces the alloy ingot, so that the fluid medium can flow to the alloy ingot and is introduced into the discharge gap between the electrode and the alloy ingot.
When the alloy ingot is connected to the anode of the power supply, the power supply drives the alloy ingot to rotate. At this time, the alloy ingot was provided with a hollow cavity. It is understood that the hollow cavity of the alloy ingot may be formed during the process of preparing the alloy ingot. And introducing part or all of the fluid medium into the hollow cavity of the alloy ingot. That is, the fluid medium may be introduced into the hollow cavity of the alloy ingot, or may be introduced into the gap between the alloy ingot and the electrode by flowing along the outer surface of the alloy ingot to the electrode, or by other means.
It will be appreciated that the fluid media flowing from within the hollow cavity and from outside the hollow cavity may be the same fluid media or different fluid media.
In a preferred embodiment, the fluid medium is a water-based medium and/or an inert gas, the inert gas comprising nitrogen.
In a preferred embodiment, the water-based medium is distilled water.
Preferably, the electrode of the present invention is a single element electrode, and the element of the single element electrode is the same as the main element of the alloy ingot.
Preferably, the electrode of the present invention is an alloy electrode, and the elements of the alloy electrode are the same as those of the alloy ingot.
It is understood that the power source of the present invention is a pulse power source, the pulse width is 2 μ s-200000 μ s, and the pulse interval is 2 μ s-200000 μ s. Adjusting the gap between the electrode and the alloy ingot to generate arc plasma, wherein the distance between the discharge gap, namely the discharge end of the electrode, and the surface of the alloy ingot is preferably 0.1mm-100 mm. The distance can enable the arc plasma to act on the electrode and the alloy ingot, and can ensure that the fluid medium has large pressure when passing through. The central temperature of the arc plasma is as high as 10000K, most of alloy can be melted, the surface of the alloy ingot is melted under the action of the arc plasma, a tiny melting pit with the radius range of 0.5mm-2mm, namely a melting area, is formed, and at the moment, the electrode does mechanical motion with high-speed rotation relative to the alloy ingot.
Preferably, the power supply parameters of the power supply further include: the gap voltage is 10-160V, and the discharge current is 5A-1000A.
The rotating speed of the electrode or the alloy ingot is adjusted, and the discharge current of the power supply is adjusted, so that the apparent density and the processing efficiency of the multi-element high-entropy alloy powder can be influenced.
Preferably, the discharge current of the current is 500A.
When the electrode is connected with the anode of the power supply, the electrode is preferably controlled to rotate at a speed of 3000r/min-8000 r/min. More preferably, the electrode is controlled to rotate at a speed of 5000 r/min.
When the alloy ingot is connected with the anode of the power supply, the electrode is preferably controlled to rotate at a speed of 3000r/min-8000 r/min. More preferably, the alloy ingot is controlled to rotate at a speed of 5000 r/min.
And introducing a fluid medium between the electrode and the alloy ingot while starting the power supply. The working state of the arc plasma can be changed by controlling the relative rotation speed of the electrode or the alloy ingot and the flow rate of the fluid medium, micro explosion is generated in a melting area, materials in the melting area are crushed and thrown away, and then the materials are rapidly condensed into spherical powder in the fluid medium, and the principle is shown in the right side of the figure 1.
Preferably, the flow rate at which the fluid medium is initially introduced is 0.5L/min to 500L/min.
It can be understood that the spherical powder formed after condensation can be collected by adopting a multi-stage powder collecting device. Multistage receipts powder device be provided with the buffer portion that is the loudspeaker form and with the echelonment collection platform of the unsmooth connection of buffer of loudspeaker form, each grade ladder all corresponds to a collection platform. The spherical powder after condensation flows out along with the fluid medium and arrives in the multistage powder collecting device, then, along with the fluid medium flows through each stage of ladder, the spherical powder can deposit on the ladder, avoids the phenomenon that the fluid medium directly erodes and causes the spherical powder to run off or splash along with the fluid medium in the powder collecting box, guarantees the integrality that the powder was collected, realizes the purpose that improves the fine powder yield.
It can be understood that the obtained multicomponent alloy powder can be cleaned and dried.
Wherein, when cleaning, the cleaning agent can be selected from carbonic acid cleaning agent, alcohol cleaning agent or ether cleaning agent, and can clean the oil stain in the powder. The carbonic acid cleaning agent, the alcohol cleaning agent or the ether cleaning agent have low melting point and are easy to volatilize, so that the subsequent drying is facilitated. And (4) drying the cleaned powder in a vacuum drying box or a resistance box for later use.
The invention takes a plurality of pure metals or a plurality of pure metals and a plurality of non-metals as raw materials, firstly, the pure metals or the pure metals and the non-metals are smelted into alloy ingots, and then, the multi-element alloy powder is successfully prepared by utilizing the electric arc micro-explosion powder preparation technology. The electric arc micro-explosion powder preparation technology specifically comprises the following steps: the arc plasma is used as a high-density energy heat source and acts on the surfaces of the alloy ingot and the electrode to melt a part of the surfaces of the alloy ingot and the electrode to form a small-range melting pit, namely a melting area. Meanwhile, the working form of the arc plasma in the discharge gap between the electrode and the alloy ingot is changed, tiny explosion is generated in a melting area, materials in the melting area are crushed and thrown away, and then the materials are rapidly condensed into spherical powder in a fluid medium. Meanwhile, the method has a high production effect, can quickly respond to the preparation of the new-component alloy powder, can realize the quick preparation of alloys with different formulas, and strives for time for researching the performance of the novel alloy.
The following is a further description with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of multi-component alloy powder, which comprises the following steps:
weighing the following components in percentage by mass: mo: 2.5 percent; cr: 17 percent; ni: 12.0 percent; mn: 2.0 percent; c: 0.03 percent; si: 1.00 percent; p: 0.045%; s: 0.03 percent; fe: and (4) the balance.
Mixing the powder of the components, putting the mixture into a square crucible, directly putting the square crucible into a vacuum smelting furnace, smelting at 1500 ℃ for 2 hours, heating to 1600 ℃, smelting for 1 hour, then preserving heat for two hours, and cooling by water to obtain a stainless steel alloy ingot with a regular block shape.
And cleaning and decontaminating the stainless steel alloy ingot, and connecting the stainless steel alloy ingot with a cathode of a power supply. The 304 stainless steel electrode provided with the single tube was connected to the anode of the power supply. The single tube is a channel tube positioned between the electrode assemblies, and the outlet of the channel tube faces the alloy ingot. The distance between the discharge end of the 304 stainless steel electrode and the alloy ingot material is 0.5 mm.
Setting power supply parameters as follows: the gap voltage is 45V-55V, the discharge current is 500A, the pulse width is 2000 mus, the power supply is started, and the electrode is controlled to rotate at the speed of 5000 r/min. The arc plasma acts on the alloy ingot and the electrode to melt a part of the alloy ingot and the electrode, and simultaneously distilled water is introduced from the channel pipe, the flow rate during introduction is 30L/min, the working form of the arc plasma is changed, the melting area generates tiny explosion, the material in the melting area is crushed and thrown away, and finally the material is condensed into spherical powder in the distilled water.
The obtained spherical powder was measured to have a bulk density of 4.25g/cm as shown in FIG. 23。
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of multi-component alloy powder, which comprises the following steps:
weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 2 percent of Al; co: 18 percent; cr: 18 percent; fe: 18 percent; ni: 44 percent.
Mixing the powder of each component, putting the mixture into a cylindrical crucible, directly putting the crucible into a vacuum smelting furnace, smelting at 1600 ℃ for 2 hours, heating to 1700 ℃, smelting for 1 hour, then preserving heat for two hours, and cooling by water to obtain the AlCoCrFeNi alloy ingot with a regular rod shape.
And cleaning the alloy ingot, and connecting the alloy ingot with a cathode of a power supply. The nickel electrode provided with the single tube is connected with the anode of a power supply. The single tube is a channel tube positioned between the electrode assemblies, and the outlet of the channel tube faces the alloy ingot. The distance between the discharge end of the nickel electrode and the alloy ingot material is 1 mm.
Setting power supply parameters as follows: the gap voltage is 45V-55V, the discharge current is 500A, the pulse width is 2000 mus, the power supply is started, and the electrode is controlled to rotate at the speed of 5000 r/min. The arc plasma acts on the alloy ingot and the electrode to melt a part of the alloy ingot and the electrode, and simultaneously distilled water is introduced from the channel pipe, the flow rate during introduction is 50L/min, the working form of the arc plasma is changed, the melting area generates tiny explosion, the material in the melting area is crushed and thrown away, and finally the material is condensed into spherical powder in the distilled water.
The obtained spherical powder was measured to have a bulk density of 4.66g/cm as shown in FIG. 33。
Example 3
This example provides a method for producing a multi-component alloy powder, which is substantially the same as that of example 2 except that the discharge current of the power source is different. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 2 percent of Al; co: 18 percent; cr: 18 percent; fe: 18 percent; ni: 44 percent.
Mixing the powder of each component, putting the mixture into a cylindrical crucible, directly putting the crucible into a vacuum smelting furnace, smelting at 1600 ℃ for 2 hours, heating to 1700 ℃, smelting for 1 hour, then preserving heat for two hours, and cooling by water to obtain the AlCoCrFeNi alloy ingot with a regular rod shape.
And cleaning the alloy ingot, and connecting the alloy ingot with a cathode of a power supply. The nickel electrode provided with the single tube is connected with the anode of a power supply. The single tube is a channel tube positioned between the electrode assemblies, and the outlet of the channel tube faces the alloy ingot. The distance between the discharge end of the nickel electrode and the alloy ingot material is 1 mm.
Setting power supply parameters as follows: the gap voltage is 45V-55V, the discharge current is 300A, the pulse width is 2000 mus, the power supply is started, and the electrode is controlled to rotate at the speed of 5000 r/min. The arc plasma acts on the alloy ingot and the electrode to melt a part of the alloy ingot and the electrode, and simultaneously distilled water is introduced from the channel pipe, the flow rate during introduction is 50L/min, the working form of the arc plasma is changed, the melting area generates tiny explosion, the material in the melting area is crushed and thrown away, and finally the material is condensed into spherical powder in the distilled water.
The obtained spherical powder was measured to have a bulk density of 4.45g/cm as shown in FIG. 43。
Example 4
This example provides a method for preparing a multi-component alloy powder, which is substantially the same as the method of example 2, except that the rotation speed of the electrodes is different. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 2 percent of Al; co: 18 percent; cr: 18 percent; fe: 18 percent; ni: 44 percent.
Mixing the powder of each component, putting the mixture into a cylindrical crucible, directly putting the crucible into a vacuum smelting furnace, smelting at 1600 ℃ for 2 hours, heating to 1700 ℃, smelting for 1 hour, then preserving heat for two hours, and cooling by water to obtain the AlCoCrFeNi alloy ingot with a regular rod shape.
And cleaning the alloy ingot, and connecting the alloy ingot with a cathode of a power supply. The nickel electrode provided with the single tube is connected with the anode of a power supply. The single tube is a channel tube positioned between the electrode assemblies, and the outlet of the channel tube faces the alloy ingot. The distance between the discharge end of the nickel electrode and the alloy ingot material is 1 mm.
Setting power supply parameters as follows: the gap voltage is 45V-55V, the discharge current is 500A, the pulse width is 2000 mus, the power supply is started, and the electrode is controlled to rotate at the speed of 3000 r/min. The arc plasma acts on the alloy ingot and the electrode to melt a part of the alloy ingot and the electrode, and simultaneously distilled water is introduced from the channel pipe, the flow rate during introduction is 50L/min, the working form of the arc plasma is changed, the melting area generates tiny explosion, the material in the melting area is crushed and thrown away, and finally the material is condensed into spherical powder in the distilled water.
The obtained spherical powder was measured to have a bulk density of 4.51g/cm as shown in FIG. 53。
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A rapid preparation method of multi-component alloy powder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
designing alloy components, and mixing a plurality of pure metals or mixing a plurality of pure metals and a plurality of non-metals according to the design, smelting and preparing an alloy ingot;
respectively and electrically connecting an electrode and the alloy ingot with two poles of a power supply, generating arc plasma in a discharge gap between the electrode and the alloy ingot, enabling the alloy ingot and the surface of the electrode to be partially melted by the arc plasma to form a melting zone, simultaneously causing the working form of the arc plasma to be changed, enabling the melting zone to generate micro explosion, crushing and throwing away materials in the melting zone, and collecting powder.
2. The method for rapid production of multi-component alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the pure metal is selected from W, Mo, Hf, Ta, V, Nb, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Ti, Al, Mg or Cu.
3. The method for rapid production of multi-element alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the non-metal is selected from C, P, S, N, Si, H, O or B.
4. The method for rapidly preparing the multi-element alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the smelting method comprises the following steps:
mixing a plurality of pure metals or mixing a plurality of pure metals and a plurality of non-metals, and smelting in a vacuum environment to prepare an alloy ingot with uniform components.
5. The method for rapidly preparing a multicomponent alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the alloy ingot has an outer shape of a regular rod, an irregular rod, a regular block, or an irregular block.
6. The method for rapidly preparing multi-component alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the electrode is a single element electrode, and the element of the single element electrode is the same as the main element of the alloy ingot.
7. The method for rapidly preparing a multicomponent alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the electrode is an alloy electrode, and the elements of the alloy electrode are the same as those of the alloy ingot.
8. The method for rapidly preparing the multi-element alloy powder according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the method for causing the arc plasma working form to change is as follows:
introducing a fluid medium into the discharge gap, and controlling the flow rate of the fluid medium and the relative rotation speed of the electrode and the alloy ingot to cause the working form of the arc plasma to change.
9. The method for rapidly preparing multi-component alloy powder according to claim 8, wherein the electrode is electrically connected with an anode of the power supply, the electrode is provided with a hollow cavity, and part or all of the fluid medium is introduced from the hollow cavity of the electrode; and/or the presence of a catalyst in the reaction mixture,
the alloy ingot is electrically connected with the anode of the power supply, the alloy ingot is provided with a hollow cavity, and part or all of the fluid medium is introduced from the hollow cavity of the electrode; and/or the presence of a catalyst in the reaction mixture,
the fluid medium is a water-based medium and/or an inert gas.
10. The multi-component alloy powder produced by the rapid manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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