CN111230134B - Multi-element alloy powder and rapid preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-element alloy powder and rapid preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/14—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes using electric discharge
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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Abstract
The application relates to a multi-element alloy powder and a rapid preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: designing alloy components, and referring to the design, mixing a plurality of pure metals or mixing a plurality of pure metals with a plurality of nonmetallic materials, and smelting to prepare an alloy ingot; and respectively and electrically connecting an electrode and the alloy ingot with two poles of a power supply, generating arc plasma in a discharge gap between the electrode and the alloy ingot, partially melting the surfaces of the alloy ingot and the electrode by the arc plasma to form a melting area, simultaneously, causing the working form of the arc plasma to change, so that micro explosion is generated in the melting area, crushing and throwing away materials positioned in the melting area, and collecting powder. The method can obtain the multi-element alloy powder with uniform components, good sphericity and high apparent density, has high efficiency, can realize the rapid preparation of multi-element alloys with different formulas, and strives for time for researching the performance of novel alloys.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloys, in particular to a multi-element alloy powder and a rapid preparation method thereof.
Background
Pure metal refers to a metal that does not contain other impurities or other metallic components. The metal material has higher electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and good plasticity, however, the mechanical property of pure metal is not high, and the metal material cannot be widely used as a metal material of an engineering structure, so that the metal material has less application in various industries. In practice, more metal materials are used in engineering structures, such as carbon steel, alloy steel, copper alloy, nickel alloy, titanium alloy, molybdenum alloy, tungsten alloy, high entropy alloy, and the like. Conventionally, development and performance research of multi-element alloys have been hot problems in the art, and high-entropy alloys are relatively popular new materials in recent years, which have high strength, high hardness, good corrosion resistance, excellent high-temperature tissue stability, irradiation resistance and other properties, and have attracted extensive attention in the field of international materials. With further intensive research into various alloys and urgent demands for high performance of materials, how to rapidly prepare newly designed alloys in future works, so that research on their properties is becoming particularly important.
The existing main flow method for preparing alloy powder comprises a mechanical method, an atomization method, a reduction method and the like. However, when alloy powder is prepared by a mechanical method, the crushed powder is irregular in shape, larger in particle size and easy to introduce impurities of crushing media; alloy powder prepared by adopting a reduction method is mostly in an irregular shape of a sponge structure, has low apparent density, and can lead to high porosity and low strength of the formed part; the atomization method is to melt and atomize the alloy into fine liquid drops, solidify the fine liquid drops in a cooling medium to obtain alloy powder, and the prepared alloy powder has good sphericity and high apparent density, but because the melting point and specific gravity of each metal element in the alloy powder are different, the elements with low melting point or large specific gravity flow into an atomization chamber to generate powder after being melted, so that the components of the alloy powder are uneven, and the component segregation is easy to occur.
In addition, patent CN102363214a also mentions a tungsten-titanium powder mixing method, in which tungsten powder and titanium powder are put into a powder mixer according to a specific ratio, titanium balls are added, ball milling is performed under a protective atmosphere, and powder with uniform components and good sphericity can be obtained by the method, but the method is complex to operate, has low efficiency, needs to be performed under the protective atmosphere, and has large energy consumption.
Therefore, developing a preparation method of alloy powder with good sphericity, low cost, high efficiency and quick response to new components becomes a key of development.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the method, the invention provides a rapid preparation method of the multi-element alloy powder, which can obtain the multi-element alloy powder with uniform components, good sphericity and high apparent density, has high efficiency, can realize rapid preparation of alloys with different formulas, and strives for time for researching the performance of novel alloys.
The specific technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a rapid preparation method of multi-element alloy powder comprises the following steps:
designing alloy components, and referring to the design, mixing a plurality of pure metals or mixing a plurality of pure metals with a plurality of nonmetallic materials, and smelting to prepare an alloy ingot;
and respectively and electrically connecting an electrode and the alloy ingot with two poles of a power supply, generating arc plasma in a discharge gap between the electrode and the alloy ingot, partially melting the surfaces of the alloy ingot and the electrode by the arc plasma to form a melting area, simultaneously, causing the working form of the arc plasma to change, so that micro explosion is generated in the melting area, crushing and throwing away materials positioned in the melting area, and collecting powder.
In one embodiment, the pure metal is selected from W, mo, hf, ta, V, nb, cr, mn, fe, co, ni, ti, al, mg or Cu.
In one embodiment, the non-metal is selected from C, P, S, N, si, H, O or B.
In one embodiment, the smelting method is as follows:
mixing a plurality of pure metals or mixing a plurality of pure metals with a plurality of nonmetallic materials, and smelting in a vacuum environment to prepare an alloy ingot with uniform components.
In one embodiment, the alloy ingot has a regular rod shape, an irregular rod shape, a regular block shape, or an irregular block shape.
In one embodiment, the electrode is a single element electrode, the element of the single element electrode being the same as the main element of the alloy ingot.
In one embodiment, the electrode is an alloy electrode having the same elements as the alloy ingot.
In one embodiment, the method of causing the arc plasma operating profile to change is:
introducing a fluid medium into the discharge gap, and causing a change in the operating profile of the arc plasma by controlling the flow rate of the fluid medium, and the relative rotational speeds of the electrode and the alloy ingot.
In one embodiment, the electrode is electrically connected to the anode of the power supply, the electrode being provided with a hollow cavity, part or all of the fluid medium being introduced from within the hollow cavity of the electrode.
In one embodiment, the alloy ingot is electrically connected to an anode of the power supply, the alloy ingot being provided with a hollow cavity, and part or all of the fluid medium being introduced from within the hollow cavity of the electrode.
In one embodiment, the fluid medium is a water-based medium and/or an inert gas.
The invention also provides the multi-element alloy powder prepared by the method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention takes a plurality of pure metals or a plurality of pure metals and a plurality of nonmetallic materials as raw materials, firstly melts the raw materials into alloy ingots, and then successfully prepares the multi-element alloy powder by utilizing an electric arc micro-explosion powder preparation technology. The electric arc micro-explosion pulverizing technology specifically comprises the following steps: arc plasma is used as a high-density energy heat source to act on the surfaces of the alloy ingot and the electrode, so that a part of the alloy ingot and the electrode surface are melted, and a small-range melting pit, namely a melting zone, is formed. Meanwhile, the working form of the arc plasma in the discharge gap between the electrode and the alloy ingot is changed, tiny explosion is generated in the melting area, materials in the melting area are crushed and thrown away, and then the materials are rapidly condensed into spherical powder in a fluid medium, in the process, various metal or nonmetal components in the multi-element alloy powder are uniformly distributed, and the crushed multi-element alloy powder is small in particle size, regular in shape and high in loose packing density. Meanwhile, the method has higher production effect, can quickly respond to the preparation of the alloy powder with new components, can realize the quick preparation of the alloy with different formulas, and strives for time for researching the performance of the novel alloy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process for preparing a multi-component alloy powder using an arc micro-explosion pulverizing technique;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the multi-component alloy powder produced in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the multi-component alloy powder produced in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the multi-component alloy powder produced in example 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the multi-component alloy powder produced in example 4.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples. The present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In theory, "pure metal" refers to a metal that does not contain other impurities or other metal components, but the purity of pure metal is difficult to reach 100% due to practical smelting, so the "pure metal" according to the present invention includes a metal that contains a small portion of impurities.
The term "several" as used herein means two or more.
The main element of the alloy ingot refers to the element with the highest content in the alloy ingot.
A rapid preparation method of multi-element alloy powder comprises the following steps:
designing alloy components, and referring to the design, mixing a plurality of pure metals or mixing a plurality of pure metals with a plurality of nonmetallic materials, and smelting to prepare an alloy ingot;
and respectively and electrically connecting an electrode and the alloy ingot with two poles of a power supply, generating arc plasma in a discharge gap between the electrode and the alloy ingot, partially melting the surfaces of the alloy ingot and the electrode by the arc plasma to form a melting area, simultaneously, causing the working form of the arc plasma to change, so that micro explosion is generated in the melting area, crushing and throwing away materials positioned in the melting area, and collecting powder.
Specifically, the types of elements and the contents of various elements of the multi-element alloy powder can be designed by mixing pure metals in several different proportions, or pure metals and non-metals in several different proportions. Various kinds of pure metals or non-metals can be weighed according to actual needs to form corresponding alloy ingots, and then corresponding multi-element alloy powder is formed. In theory, multi-component alloy powders of various formulations can be prepared by the method of the present invention.
The pure metal is selected from W, mo, hf, ta, V, nb, cr, mn, fe, co, ni, ti, al, mg or Cu. Wherein, each element can be mixed in a proper proportion, and the invention is not particularly limited.
The non-metal is selected from C, P, S, N, si, H, O or B. Wherein, each element can be mixed in a proper proportion, and the invention is not particularly limited.
In some preferred embodiments, the pure metal is selected from Fe, mo, cr, ni, mn, ti, hf, V, ta and the non-metal is selected from C, si, P, S, and the resulting alloy ingot is stainless steel.
In one embodiment, the alloy ingot comprises the following elements in mass percent:
mo:2.0 to 3.0 percent; cr:16.0 to 18.0 percent; ni:10.0 to 14.0 percent; mn:2.0%; c:0.03%; si:1.00%; p:0.045%; s:0.03%; fe: the balance.
In some preferred embodiments, the pure metal is selected from Al, co, cr, fe, ni and the resulting alloy ingot is AlCoCrFeNi.
In one embodiment, the alloy ingot comprises the following elements in mass percent:
Al:1％～2％；Co：15％～20％；Cr：15％～20％；Fe：15％～20％；Ni：38％～54％。
it will be appreciated that the pure metals and non-metals may be in a variety of forms, and for ease of smelting, the pure metals and non-metals are preferably in powder form in the present invention.
The smelting method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
mixing a plurality of pure metals or mixing a plurality of pure metals with a plurality of nonmetallic materials, and smelting in a vacuum environment to prepare an alloy ingot with uniform components.
It will be appreciated that the smelting is carried out in a smelting furnace, heated to a temperature at which the pure metal or non-metal melts.
It is to be understood that the present invention is not particularly limited herein, and conventional operations such as refining, quenching, hot rolling, etc. may be performed after melting when producing an alloy ingot.
The shape of the prepared alloy ingot can be regular or irregular.
Specifically, the alloy ingot has a regular bar shape, an irregular bar shape, a regular block shape or an irregular block shape.
The stick shape includes, but is not limited to, a round stick.
The blocks include, but are not limited to, square or triangular blocks.
Wherein, the electrode and the alloy ingot are respectively electrically connected with the two poles of the power supply, which can be understood as follows: the electrode is connected to an anode of the power supply and the alloy ingot is connected to a cathode of the power supply. It is also understood that the electrode is connected to the cathode of the power supply and the alloy ingot is connected to the anode of the power supply.
When the electrode is connected to the anode of the power supply, the power supply drives the electrode to rotate. At this time, the electrode is provided with a hollow cavity. Some or all of the fluid medium is introduced from within the hollow cavity of the electrode. That is, the fluid medium may be introduced entirely from the hollow cavity of the electrode, or may be introduced partially from the hollow cavity of the electrode, with the remainder being introduced from outside the hollow cavity of the electrode, including flowing along the outer surface of the electrode to the alloy ingot, thereby being introduced into the discharge gap of the electrode and alloy ingot, and including being introduced into the gap of the electrode and alloy ingot by other means.
It will be appreciated that the fluid medium flowing in from within the hollow chamber and out of the hollow chamber may be the same fluid medium or may be different fluid media.
In a preferred embodiment, the fluid medium is a water-based medium and/or an inert gas, including nitrogen.
In a preferred embodiment, the aqueous medium is distilled water.
It is understood that the electrode provided with the hollow cavity is an electrode provided with a single tube, multiple tubes and a hollow nest.
In some preferred embodiments, the electrodes are single tube electrodes with a partial structure as shown in the left side of fig. 1, the single tube electrodes being provided with electrode assemblies 110 and channel tubes 120 between the electrode assemblies. The channel tube is provided with an inlet and an outlet, and the fluid medium can enter from the inlet in the channel tube and flow out from the outlet in the channel tube. The outlet of the channel tube is directed towards the alloy ingot so that a fluid medium can be caused to flow towards the alloy ingot for introduction into the discharge gap of the electrode and the alloy ingot.
The power supply drives the alloy ingot to rotate when the alloy ingot is connected to the anode of the power supply. At this time, the alloy ingot is provided with a hollow cavity. It will be appreciated that the hollow cavity of the alloy ingot may be formed during the preparation of the alloy ingot. Some or all of the fluid medium is introduced from within the hollow cavity of the alloy ingot. That is, the fluid medium may be introduced entirely from within the hollow cavity of the alloy ingot, or may be introduced partially from within the hollow cavity of the alloy ingot, with the remainder being introduced from outside the hollow cavity of the alloy ingot, including flowing along the outer surface of the alloy ingot to the electrode, thereby introducing into the discharge gap of the alloy ingot and the electrode, and including introducing into the gap of the alloy ingot and the electrode by other means.
It will be appreciated that the fluid medium flowing in from within the hollow chamber and out of the hollow chamber may be the same fluid medium or may be different fluid media.
In a preferred embodiment, the fluid medium is a water-based medium and/or an inert gas, including nitrogen.
In a preferred embodiment, the aqueous medium is distilled water.
Preferably, the electrode is a single element electrode, and the element of the single element electrode is the same as the main element of the alloy ingot.
Preferably, the electrode of the present invention is an alloy electrode, and the element of the alloy electrode is the same as the element of the alloy ingot.
It will be appreciated that the power supply of the present invention is a pulsed power supply with a pulse width of 2 mus to 200000 mus and a pulse interval of 2 mus to 200000 mus. The gap between the electrode and the alloy ingot is adjusted to generate arc plasma, and preferably the discharge gap, that is, the distance between the discharge end of the electrode and the surface of the alloy ingot is 0.1mm-100mm. The distance can enable the arc plasma to act on the electrode and the alloy ingot, and can ensure that the fluid medium has a large pressure when passing through. The central temperature of the arc plasma is up to 10000K, most of alloy can be melted, the surface of the alloy ingot is melted under the action of the arc plasma, and a tiny melting pit with the radius ranging from 0.5mm to 2mm, namely a melting zone, is formed, and at the moment, the electrode performs high-speed rotating mechanical movement relative to the alloy ingot.
Preferably, the power supply parameters of the power supply further include: the gap voltage is 10-160V, and the discharge current is 5A-1000A.
The rotating speed of the electrode or the alloy ingot is regulated, and the discharging current of the power supply is regulated, so that the apparent density and the processing efficiency of the multi-element high-entropy alloy powder can be influenced.
Preferably, the discharge current of the current is 500A.
When the electrode is connected to the anode of the power supply, the electrode is preferably controlled to rotate at a speed of 3000r/min to 8000 r/min. More preferably, the electrode is controlled to rotate at a speed of 5000 r/min.
When the alloy ingot is connected to the anode of the power supply, the electrode is preferably controlled to rotate at a speed of 3000r/min to 8000 r/min. More preferably, the alloy ingot is controlled to rotate at a speed of 5000 r/min.
A fluid medium is introduced between the electrode and the alloy ingot while the power supply is activated. By controlling the relative rotation speed of the electrode or the alloy ingot and the flow speed of the fluid medium, the working state of the arc plasma can be changed, tiny explosion is generated in the melting area, the materials in the melting area are crushed and thrown away, and then the materials are rapidly condensed into spherical powder in the fluid medium, and the principle is shown on the right side of the figure 1.
Preferably, the flow rate of the fluid medium at the initial inlet is 0.5L/min-500L/min.
It is understood that spherical powder formed after condensation can be collected by a multi-stage powder collecting device. The multistage powder collecting device is provided with a horn-shaped buffer part and a ladder-shaped collecting platform which is connected with the horn-shaped buffer part in a non-smooth manner, and each ladder is correspondingly provided with a collecting platform. The condensed spherical powder flows out along with the fluid medium and reaches the multistage powder collecting device, then, along with the fluid medium flowing through each stage of steps, the spherical powder can be deposited on the steps, the phenomenon that the spherical powder runs off or splashes along with the fluid medium due to the fact that the fluid medium directly washes into the powder collecting box is avoided, the integrity of powder collection is guaranteed, and the purpose of improving the fine powder yield is achieved.
It will be appreciated that the resulting multi-component alloy powder may also be cleaned and dried.
Wherein, during cleaning, the cleaning agent can be selected from carbonic acid cleaning agent, alcohol cleaning agent or ether cleaning agent, and can clean oil stains in the powder. The carbonic acid cleaning agent, the alcohol cleaning agent or the ether cleaning agent has low melting point, is easy to volatilize and is convenient for subsequent drying. And (5) placing the cleaned powder into a vacuum drying oven or a resistor box for drying for later use.
The invention takes a plurality of pure metals or a plurality of pure metals and a plurality of nonmetallic materials as raw materials, firstly melts the raw materials into alloy ingots, and then successfully prepares the multi-element alloy powder by utilizing an electric arc micro-explosion powder preparation technology. The electric arc micro-explosion pulverizing technology specifically comprises the following steps: arc plasma is used as a high-density energy heat source to act on the surfaces of the alloy ingot and the electrode, so that a part of the alloy ingot and the electrode surface are melted, and a small-range melting pit, namely a melting zone, is formed. Meanwhile, the working form of the arc plasma in the discharge gap between the electrode and the alloy ingot is changed, tiny explosion is generated in the melting area, materials in the melting area are crushed and thrown away, and then the materials are rapidly condensed into spherical powder in a fluid medium, in the process, various metal or nonmetal components in the multi-element alloy powder are uniformly distributed, and the crushed multi-element alloy powder is small in particle size, regular in shape and high in loose packing density. Meanwhile, the method has higher production effect, can quickly respond to the preparation of the alloy powder with new components, can realize the quick preparation of the alloy with different formulas, and strives for time for researching the performance of the novel alloy.
Further description is provided below in connection with specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a preparation method of multi-element alloy powder, which comprises the following steps:
weighing the following components in percentage by mass: mo:2.5%; cr:17%; ni:12.0%; mn:2.0%; c:0.03%; si:1.00%; p:0.045%; s:0.03%; fe: the balance.
Mixing the above component powders, placing into a square crucible, directly placing into a vacuum melting furnace, melting at 1500 ℃ for 2 hours, heating to 1600 ℃, melting for 1 hour, then preserving heat for two hours, and water-cooling to obtain a stainless steel alloy ingot with a regular block shape.
And after the stainless steel alloy ingot is cleaned and decontaminated, connecting the cathode of a power supply. A 304 stainless steel electrode provided with a single tube was connected to the anode of the power supply. The single tube refers to a channel tube located between the electrode assemblies, and the outlet of the channel tube faces the alloy ingot. The distance between the discharge end of the 304 stainless steel electrode and the alloy ingot material was 0.5mm.
The power supply parameters are set as follows: the gap voltage is 45V-55V, the discharge current is 500A, the pulse width is 2000 mu s, the power supply is started, and the electrode is controlled to rotate at the speed of 5000 r/min. The arc plasma acts on the alloy ingot and the electrode to melt a part of the alloy ingot and the electrode, meanwhile, distilled water is introduced from the channel pipe, the flow speed is 30L/min when the distilled water is introduced, the working form of the arc plasma is changed, the melting area generates tiny explosion, the materials in the melting area are crushed and thrown away, and finally, the materials are condensed into spherical powder in the distilled water.
The spherical powder obtained was as shown in FIG. 2, and the bulk density of the resulting multi-component powder was measured to be 4.25g/cm 3 。
Example 2
The embodiment provides a preparation method of multi-element alloy powder, which comprises the following steps:
weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 2% of Al; co:18%; cr:18%; fe:18%; ni:44%.
Mixing the above component powders, placing into a cylindrical crucible, directly placing into a vacuum melting furnace, melting at 1600 deg.C for 2 hr, heating to 1700 deg.C, melting for 1 hr, then holding temperature for two hr, water cooling to obtain AlCoCrFeNi alloy ingot with regular rod shape.
And after the alloy ingot is cleaned and decontaminated, connecting the alloy ingot with a cathode of a power supply. The nickel electrode provided with a single tube was connected to the anode of the power supply. The single tube refers to a channel tube located between the electrode assemblies, and the outlet of the channel tube faces the alloy ingot. The distance between the discharge end of the nickel electrode and the alloy ingot material is 1mm.
The power supply parameters are set as follows: the gap voltage is 45V-55V, the discharge current is 500A, the pulse width is 2000 mu s, the power supply is started, and the electrode is controlled to rotate at the speed of 5000 r/min. The arc plasma acts on the alloy ingot and the electrode to melt a part of the alloy ingot and the electrode, meanwhile, distilled water is introduced from the channel pipe, the flow speed is 50L/min when the distilled water is introduced, the working form of the arc plasma is changed, the melting area generates tiny explosion, the materials in the melting area are crushed and thrown away, and finally, the materials are condensed into spherical powder in the distilled water.
The spherical powder obtained was as shown in FIG. 3, and the bulk density of the resulting multi-component powder was measured to be 4.66g/cm 3 。
Example 3
This example provides a method of preparing a multi-element alloy powder that is substantially the same as that of example 2, except that the discharge current of the power supply is different. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 2% of Al; co:18%; cr:18%; fe:18%; ni:44%.
Mixing the above component powders, placing into a cylindrical crucible, directly placing into a vacuum melting furnace, melting at 1600 deg.C for 2 hr, heating to 1700 deg.C, melting for 1 hr, then holding temperature for two hr, water cooling to obtain AlCoCrFeNi alloy ingot with regular rod shape.
And after the alloy ingot is cleaned and decontaminated, connecting the alloy ingot with a cathode of a power supply. The nickel electrode provided with a single tube was connected to the anode of the power supply. The single tube refers to a channel tube located between the electrode assemblies, and the outlet of the channel tube faces the alloy ingot. The distance between the discharge end of the nickel electrode and the alloy ingot material is 1mm.
The power supply parameters are set as follows: the gap voltage is 45V-55V, the discharge current is 300A, the pulse width is 2000 mu s, the power supply is started, and the electrode is controlled to rotate at the speed of 5000 r/min. The arc plasma acts on the alloy ingot and the electrode to melt a part of the alloy ingot and the electrode, meanwhile, distilled water is introduced from the channel pipe, the flow speed is 50L/min when the distilled water is introduced, the working form of the arc plasma is changed, the melting area generates tiny explosion, the materials in the melting area are crushed and thrown away, and finally, the materials are condensed into spherical powder in the distilled water.
The spherical powder obtained is shown in FIG. 4, measuredThe apparent density of the obtained multi-component powder was 4.45g/cm 3 。
Example 4
This example provides a method of preparing a multi-component alloy powder, which is substantially the same as that of example 2, except that the rotational speeds of the electrodes are different. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
weighing the following components in percentage by mass: 2% of Al; co:18%; cr:18%; fe:18%; ni:44%.
Mixing the above component powders, placing into a cylindrical crucible, directly placing into a vacuum melting furnace, melting at 1600 deg.C for 2 hr, heating to 1700 deg.C, melting for 1 hr, then holding temperature for two hr, water cooling to obtain AlCoCrFeNi alloy ingot with regular rod shape.
And after the alloy ingot is cleaned and decontaminated, connecting the alloy ingot with a cathode of a power supply. The nickel electrode provided with a single tube was connected to the anode of the power supply. The single tube refers to a channel tube located between the electrode assemblies, and the outlet of the channel tube faces the alloy ingot. The distance between the discharge end of the nickel electrode and the alloy ingot material is 1mm.
The power supply parameters are set as follows: the gap voltage is 45V-55V, the discharge current is 500A, the pulse width is 2000 mu s, the power supply is started, and the electrode is controlled to rotate at the speed of 3000 r/min. The arc plasma acts on the alloy ingot and the electrode to melt a part of the alloy ingot and the electrode, meanwhile, distilled water is introduced from the channel pipe, the flow speed is 50L/min when the distilled water is introduced, the working form of the arc plasma is changed, the melting area generates tiny explosion, the materials in the melting area are crushed and thrown away, and finally, the materials are condensed into spherical powder in the distilled water.
As shown in FIG. 5, the bulk density of the obtained multi-component powder was measured to be 4.51g/cm 3 。
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A rapid preparation method of multi-element alloy powder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
designing alloy components, and referring to the design, mixing a plurality of pure metals or mixing a plurality of pure metals with a plurality of nonmetallic materials, and smelting to prepare an alloy ingot;
the method comprises the steps of respectively and electrically connecting an electrode and an alloy ingot with two poles of a power supply, generating arc plasma in a discharge gap between the electrode and the alloy ingot, enabling the surface parts of the alloy ingot and the electrode to be molten by the arc plasma to form a molten zone, simultaneously, causing the working form of the arc plasma to change, enabling the molten zone to generate micro explosion, crushing and throwing away materials positioned in the molten zone, and collecting powder;
the method for causing the working form of the arc plasma to be changed comprises the following steps:
introducing a fluid medium into the discharge gap, causing a change in the operating profile of the arc plasma by controlling the flow rate of the fluid medium, and the relative rotational speeds of the electrode and the alloy ingot;
the alloy ingot is electrically connected with the anode of the power supply, the alloy ingot rotates, the alloy ingot is provided with a hollow cavity, and part or all of the fluid medium is introduced from the hollow cavity of the electrode;
the distance between the discharge end of the electrode and the surface of the alloy ingot is 0.1mm-100mm;
the power supply parameters of the power supply comprise: the gap voltage is 10V-160V, and the discharge current is 5A-1000A;
controlling the alloy ingot to rotate at a speed of 3000r/min-8000 r/min;
the flow rate of the fluid medium is 0.5L/min-500L/min when the fluid medium is initially introduced.
2. The rapid preparation method of multi-element alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the pure metal is selected from W, mo, hf, ta, V, nb, cr, mn, fe, co, ni, ti, al, mg or Cu.
3. The rapid preparation method of multi-element alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the non-metal is selected from C, P, S, N, si, H, O or B.
4. The rapid preparation method of multi-element alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the smelting method comprises the following steps:
mixing a plurality of pure metals or mixing a plurality of pure metals with a plurality of nonmetallic materials, and smelting in a vacuum environment to prepare an alloy ingot with uniform components.
5. The method for rapid preparation of multi-element alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the alloy ingot has a regular rod shape, an irregular rod shape, a regular block shape or an irregular block shape.
6. The rapid preparation method of multi-element alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the electrode is a single-element electrode, and the element of the single-element electrode is the same as the main element of the alloy ingot.
7. The rapid preparation method of multi-element alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the electrode is an alloy electrode, and the element of the alloy electrode is the same as the element of the alloy ingot.
8. The rapid preparation method of multi-element alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the fluid medium is a water-based medium.
9. The rapid preparation method of multi-element alloy powder according to claim 1, wherein the fluid medium is an inert gas.
10. A multi-component alloy powder made by the rapid manufacturing method of any one of claims 1-9.
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| CN113333767B (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2023-05-26 | 深圳航天科创实业有限公司 | TC4 spherical powder and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113275581B (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-11-30 | 西安赛隆金属材料有限责任公司 | Electrode bar material and metal powder preparation method |
| CN113846345B (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2023-03-14 | 上海交通大学 | Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN114914454B (en) * | 2022-07-01 | 2023-05-26 | 北京理工大学重庆创新中心 | High-entropy alloy current collector and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115351287B (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2024-01-30 | 西安建筑科技大学 | Method for preparing K465 high-temperature alloy powder by using plasma rotating electrode |
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