CN110834090A - Metal powder shaping, refining and purifying device and method - Google Patents
Metal powder shaping, refining and purifying device and method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 235
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 137
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[O] Chemical compound [N].[O] OLBVUFHMDRJKTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium perchlorate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MPCRDALPQLDDFX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001111 Fine metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009690 centrifugal atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009688 liquid atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009692 water atomization Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2202/00—Treatment under specific physical conditions
- B22F2202/13—Use of plasma
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
A metal powder reshaping, refining and purifying device and a method thereof relate to powder reshaping, refining and purifying equipment and a method thereof. The method aims to solve the technical problems of low sphericity and poor purity of the existing metal powder preparation method. The device comprises a plasma generator, a powder feeder, a metal powder purifying chamber, a collector, a heat exchanger, a tail gas circulating filter, a gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier, a r gas compressor, a gas storage device, a vacuumizing device and an automatic powder scraper; the plasma generator and the powder feeder are arranged at the top end of the purifying chamber; an air outlet pipe at the lower part of the purifying chamber device is connected with a gas storage device through a heat exchanger, a circulating filter, an oxygen-nitrogen purifier and a compressor in sequence. The method comprises the following steps: the whole system is vacuumized and then filled with argon, a plasma generator is started to generate a plasma torch, the plasma torch is sent to metal powder for treatment, and the circulation is carried out after argon purification. The sphericity of the treated powder is more than or equal to 90 percent, the oxygen content is less than or equal to 980ppm, the impurity removal rate is more than or equal to 90 percent, and the method is used for the field of powder metallurgy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to powder shaping, refining and purifying equipment and a method, belonging to the technical field of powder metallurgy industry.
Background
Metal powder refers to a group of metal particles having a size of less than 1mm, including single metal powders, alloy powders, and powders of certain refractory compounds having metallic properties, which are the main raw materials for powder metallurgy. The metal powder is prepared mainly by mechanical grinding and crushing, atomizing and the like.
Mechanical comminution is the process of breaking solid metal into powder by crushing, breaking and grinding. The method has low efficiency and large energy consumption, irregular sharp corners appear on powder particles, and the powder flowability, the apparent density, the tap density and the like are reduced; meanwhile, impurity elements are introduced due to contact with grinding media of different materials, so that the purity of powder and the comprehensive performance of a subsequently prepared metal component are influenced.
The atomization method is that large solid metal is heated at high temperature to become molten metal, the molten metal is atomized into fine liquid drops by a cooling medium, and the fine liquid drops are solidified into powder in the cooling medium. There are mainly two methods, gas atomization and liquid atomization. There are also centrifugal atomization methods using spinning disk pulverization and rotation of the melt itself (consumable electrode and crucible), and other atomization methods such as hydrogen-dissolved vacuum atomization, ultrasonic atomization, and the like. The gas atomized powder is generally nearly spherical, and irregular shapes can be obtained by water atomization. However, the method has expensive equipment and high energy consumption, and simultaneously, impurities are easy to generate or mix in the product, which affects the purity of the powder and the comprehensive performance of the metal component prepared subsequently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of low sphericity and poor purity of the existing preparation method of metal powder, and provides a device and a method for shaping, refining and purifying the metal powder.
The metal powder reshaping, refining and purifying device comprises a plasma generator 1, a powder feeder 2, a metal powder purifying chamber 3, a first metal powder collector 4, a first heat exchanger 5, a tail gas circulating filter 6, a second metal powder collector 7, a gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8, a second heat exchanger 9, a gas compressor 10, a gas storage device 11, a vacuumizing device 12 and an automatic powder scraper 13;
wherein the top end of the metal powder purifying chamber 3 is provided with a plasma generator 1 and a powder feeder 2, and the bottom is provided with a first metal powder collector 4; the automatic powder scraper 13 is arranged inside the metal powder purifying chamber 3;
the bottom of the tail gas circulating filter 6 is provided with a second metal powder collector 7; a flame-retardant filter bag is arranged in the tail gas circulating filter 6 and is used for filtering dust;
an absorption layer is arranged in the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8, and the absorption layer consists of a copper powder layer, an alkali asbestos layer, a magnesium perchlorate layer and an alkali asbestos layer from bottom to top and is used for removing water vapor and oxygen;
the gas outlet of the gas storage device 11 is respectively connected with the plasma generator 1 and the powder feeder 2; an air outlet pipe at the lower part of the metal powder purifying chamber 3 sequentially passes through a first heat exchanger 5, a tail gas circulating filter 6, a gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8, a second heat exchanger 9 and a gas compressor 10 and is connected with an air inlet of a gas storage device 11;
the vacuum-pumping device 12 is respectively communicated with the metal powder purifying chamber 3, the tail gas circulating filter 6 and the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8.
Further, the powder feeder 2 is a double-channel piston type feeder or a disc type feeder; the metal powder which needs to be shaped, refined and purified can continuously enter the metal powder purifying chamber 3 through the feeder;
furthermore, the outer wall of the shell of the metal powder purifying chamber 3 is provided with a jacket, and the bottom of the jacket is provided with a water inlet 3-1; the upper part is provided with a water outlet 3-2; the jacket is a cooling circulation water path, and cooling water flows in from a bottom water inlet 3-1 and flows out from a top water outlet 3-2.
Furthermore, the outer wall of the shell of the tail gas circulating filter 6 is provided with a jacket, the bottom of the jacket is provided with a water inlet, and the upper part of the jacket is provided with a water outlet; the jacket is a cooling circulation water channel, and cooling water flows in from the bottom and flows out from the top.
Furthermore, the outer wall of the shell of the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8 is provided with a jacket, and the bottom of the jacket is provided with a water inlet; the upper part is provided with a water outlet; the jacket is a cooling circulation water channel, and cooling water flows in from the bottom and flows out from the top.
Further, the gas in the gas storage device 11 is high purity argon gas.
Furthermore, the automatic powder scraper 13 consists of an annular scraper 13-1, a driving device 13-2 and a vertical rod 13-3, wherein the annular scraper 13-1 is fixed at the bottom of the vertical rod 13-3, and the upper part of the vertical rod 13-3 is connected with the driving device 13-2; the driving device 13-2 drives the vertical rod 13-3 to move up and down, so that the annular scraper 13-1 scrapes off the powder deposited on the inner wall of the purification chamber.
Furthermore, the metal powder shaping, refining and purifying device of the invention also comprises a detection and automatic control instrument 14 which displays the power, current, voltage, vacuum degree, gas flow, gas pressure, gas oxygen content and dew point, and cooling circulating water temperature and/or flow under the working state of the equipment; the device has the functions of monitoring and adjusting the working parameters of the equipment on line in real time.
Furthermore, the metal powder purifying chamber 3 is also provided with an observation window 15; an air pipe is arranged at the observation window 15 and is connected with the gas storage device 11, and the air pipe vent body is used for blowing off powder deposited on the observation window 15 and is beneficial to observation.
Furthermore, the lower part of the metal powder purifying chamber 3 is also provided with an air inlet pipe connected with the gas storage device 11; the gas in the gas storage device 11 is directly input into the metal powder purification chamber 3, the tail gas circulation filter 6 and the gas oxygen and nitrogen purifier 8 to fill the whole system with gas, and the gas can be circulated and purified by the gas oxygen and nitrogen purifier 8, so that the purity of the gas in the gas storage device 11 is improved.
Further, the plasma generator 1 is a direct current arc plasma generator.
Furthermore, the first metal powder collector 4 and the second metal powder collector 7 are provided with sealing valves, which ensure that they remain sealed when they are separated from the apparatus.
Furthermore, an aeration head is arranged in the metal powder purifying chamber 3, and the aeration head is connected with the gas storage device 11; the upper surface of the aeration head is arc-shaped, the upper surface is provided with air outlet holes, and air is blown into the metal powder purifying chamber 3 through the air outlet holes, so that the descending speed of metal powder can be reduced, the cooling speed of liquid metal can be increased, and the sphericity can be improved; the upper surface is arc-shaped, so that powder accumulation is prevented.
The method for shaping, refining and purifying the metal powder by using the device comprises the following steps:
firstly, filling metal powder to be treated into a powder feeder 2;
secondly, starting a vacuum extractor 12 to extract the vacuum degrees of the metal powder purifying chamber 3, the tail gas circulating filter 6 and the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8 to 1 multiplied by 10-3When the pressure is above Pa, the vacuumizing device 12 is closed;
thirdly, high-purity argon is filled into the metal powder purifying chamber 3, the tail gas circulating filter 6 and the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8 through a gas storage device 11, so that the pressure reaches 0.2 Pa-0.5 Pa; starting the plasma generator 1, and adjusting the voltage of the plasma generator 1 to be 90-120V and the current to be 150-300A; adjusting the flow speed of argon introduced into the plasma generator 1 to be 1.5-2.0L/h to generate a plasma torch;
fourthly, the powder feeder 2 is started, the flow of argon introduced into the powder feeder 3 is adjusted to enable the powder feeding speed of the powder feeder 3 to reach 0.5-1 kg/h, and the metal powder is fed into the metal powder purifying chamber 3; the metal powder is treated by a high-temperature plasma torch generated by a plasma generator 1 and then falls into a first metal powder collector 4; meanwhile, argon for generating a plasma torch and argon for conveying raw material powder enter a tail gas circulating filter 6 through a gas outlet at the bottom of a metal powder purifying chamber 3 through a first heat exchanger 5, the filtered metal powder falls into a second metal powder collector 7 to be collected, the argon enters a gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8 to remove impurities, and the argon is cooled through a second heat exchanger 9, compressed through a gas compressor 10 and then returned to a gas storage device 11; the spherical powder in the first metal powder collector 4 is a product.
Furthermore, the particle size of the metal powder in the first step is 75-100 μm.
Furthermore, the metal powder in the step one is iron powder, stainless steel powder, non-ferrous metal powder or special metal powder;
further, the non-ferrous metal powder is copper powder, lead powder, zinc powder, manganese powder, chromium powder, titanium powder, aluminum powder, magnesium powder, tungsten powder or molybdenum powder;
furthermore, the special metal powder is high-temperature alloy powder or hard alloy powder.
The device of the invention utilizes the plasma torch to shape and refine the metal powder, eliminates irregular sharp corners on the surface, enables the particle size distribution to be more uniform, further improves the fluidity of the powder, and simultaneously reduces the oxygen content and other non-metal impurities of the metal powder and improves the purity when the powder is shaped and refined. Compared with the original powder, the irregular sharp corners on the surface of the metal powder treated by the device disappear, and the sphericity can reach more than 90%; meanwhile, the oxygen content of the powder can be reduced to below 980ppm, and the impurity removal rate reaches above 90%.
The device and the method can be used for treating the metal powder, and have simple working procedures and high efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the metal powder purifying chamber 3 and the automatic powder scraper 13 therein;
in the figure, 1 is a plasma generator, 2 is a powder feeder, 3 is a metal powder purifying chamber, 4 is a first metal powder collector 4, 5 is a first heat exchanger, 6 is a tail gas circulating filter, 7 is a second metal powder collector, 8 is a gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier, 9 is a second heat exchanger, 10 is a gas compressor, 11 is a gas storage device, 12 is a vacuumizing device, 13 is a powder automatic scraper, 14 is a detection and automatic controller, and 15 is an observation window;
in the automatic powder scraper 13, 13-1 is an annular scraper, 13-2 is a driving device, and 13-3 is a vertical rod 13-3.
Detailed Description
The following examples are used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
example 1: the metal powder shaping, refining and purifying device of the embodiment is composed of a direct current arc plasma generator 1, a powder feeder 2, a metal powder purifying chamber 3, a first metal powder collector 4, a first heat exchanger 5, a tail gas circulating filter 6, a second metal powder collector 7, a gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8, a second heat exchanger 9, a gas compressor 10, a gas storage device 11, a vacuumizing device 12, an automatic powder scraper 13 and a detection and automatic controller 14; wherein the top end of the metal powder purifying chamber 3 is provided with a direct current arc plasma generator 1 and a powder feeder 2, and the bottom is provided with a first metal powder collector 4; a gas aeration head 13 and an automatic powder scraper 13 are arranged in the metal powder purifying chamber 3; the bottom of the tail gas circulating filter 6 is provided with a second metal powder collector 7; a flame-retardant filter bag is arranged in the tail gas circulating filter 6 and is used for filtering dust; the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8 is internally provided with an absorption layer which consists of a copper powder layer, an alkali asbestos layer, a magnesium perchlorate layer and an alkali asbestos layer from bottom to top and is used for removing water vapor and oxygen; the gas outlet of the gas storage device 11 is respectively connected with the plasma generator 1 and the powder feeder 2; an air outlet pipe at the lower part of the metal powder purifying chamber 3 is connected with an air inlet of a gas storage device 11 through a first heat exchanger 5, a tail gas circulating filter 6, a gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8, a second heat exchanger 9 and a gas compressor 10 in sequence; the vacuumizing device 12 is respectively communicated with the metal powder purifying chamber 3, the tail gas circulating filter 6 and the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8; the powder feeder 2 is a double-channel piston type feeder; the outer wall of the shell of the metal powder purifying chamber 3 is provided with a jacket; the jacket is a cooling circulation water path, and cooling water flows in from a bottom water inlet 3-1 and flows out from a top water outlet 3-2; the outer wall of the shell of the tail gas circulating filter 6 is provided with a jacket; the jacket is a cooling circulating water path, and cooling water flows in from the bottom and flows out from the top; the outer wall of the shell of the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8 is provided with a jacket; the jacket is a cooling circulating water path, and cooling water flows in from the bottom and flows out from the top; the gas in the gas storage device 11 is high-purity argon with the mass percentage purity of 99.999%; the automatic powder scraper 13 consists of an annular scraper 13-1, a driving device 13-2 and a vertical rod 13-3, wherein the annular scraper 13-1 is fixed at the bottom of the vertical rod 13-3, and the upper part of the vertical rod 13-3 is connected with the driving device 13-2; the driving device 13-2 drives the vertical rod 13-3 to move up and down, so that the annular scraper 13-1 scrapes off powder deposited on the inner wall of the purification chamber; the wall of the metal powder purifying chamber 3 is also provided with an observation window 15; an air pipe is arranged at the observation window 15 and is connected with the gas storage device 11, and the air pipe vent body is used for blowing off powder deposited on the observation window 15 and is beneficial to observation; the detection and automatic control instrument 14 displays the power, current, voltage, vacuum degree, gas flow, gas pressure, gas oxygen content and dew point, and cooling circulating water temperature and flow under the working state of the equipment; the device has the functions of monitoring and adjusting the working parameters of the equipment on line in real time; the first metal powder collector 4 and the second metal powder collector 7 are provided with sealing valves which ensure that they remain sealed when they are separated from the apparatus.
The method for processing titanium alloy powder by using the device of the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
firstly, 1kg of titanium alloy TA1 powder with 75 μm average particle size and irregular shape is loaded into a powder feeder 2;
secondly, starting a vacuum extractor 12 to extract the vacuum degrees of the metal powder purifying chamber 3, the tail gas circulating filter 6 and the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8 to 1 multiplied by 10-3Pa, closing the vacuumizing device 12;
thirdly, high-purity argon is filled into the metal powder purifying chamber 3, the tail gas circulating filter 6 and the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8 through a gas storage device 11, so that the pressure reaches 0.2 Pa; starting the plasma generator 1, and adjusting the voltage of the plasma generator 1 to be 90V and the current to be 150A; adjusting the flow rate of argon introduced into the plasma generator 1 to be 1.5L/h to generate a plasma torch;
fourthly, the powder feeder 2 is started, the flow of argon gas introduced into the powder feeder 2 is adjusted to be 0.6L/h, so that the powder feeding speed of the powder feeder 2 reaches 0.5kg/h, and TA1 powder is fed into the metal powder purifying chamber 3; TA1 powder is heated and melted in a high-temperature plasma torch generated by a plasma generator 1, irregular sharp corners on the surface disappear, spherical molten liquid drops are formed due to surface tension, and the molten liquid drops continuously descend and are cooled under the action of gravity to reach the bottom of a metal powder purifying chamber 3, so that spherical powder is formed and falls into a first metal powder collector 4; meanwhile, argon for generating a plasma torch and argon for conveying raw material powder enter a tail gas circulating filter 6 through a gas outlet at the bottom of a metal powder purifying chamber 3 through a first heat exchanger 5, fine metal powder filtered off falls into a second metal powder collector 7 to be collected, the argon enters a gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8 to remove impurity gas, is cooled through a second heat exchanger 9, is compressed through a gas compressor 10 and returns to a gas storage device 11; the spherical TA1 powder in the first metal powder collector 4 is the product.
Compared with the original powder, the TA1 powder product of the embodiment has the advantages that irregular sharp corners on the surface of the powder disappear, and the sphericity reaches 90%; the average grain diameter is 30 mu m, and the refining rate reaches 50 percent; meanwhile, the oxygen content of the TA1 powder is reduced to 980ppm from 10000ppm of the original powder, and the impurity removal rate reaches 90%.
Example 2: the metal powder shaping, refining and purifying device of the embodiment is different from the metal powder shaping, refining and purifying device of the embodiment 1 in that an aeration head is also arranged in the metal powder purifying chamber 3 and is connected with a gas storage device 11; the upper surface that the aeration head is the arc, and the upper surface sets up the venthole, blows argon gas in to metal powder clean room ware 3 through the venthole. The rest is the same as in example 1.
The method for processing titanium alloy powder by using the device of the embodiment 2 comprises the following steps:
firstly, 1kg of titanium alloy TA1 powder with 75 μm average particle size and irregular shape is loaded into a powder feeder 2;
secondly, starting a vacuum extractor 12 to extract the vacuum degrees of the metal powder purifying chamber 3, the tail gas circulating filter 6 and the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8 to 9 multiplied by 10-4Pa, closing the vacuumizing device 12;
thirdly, high-purity argon is filled into the metal powder purifying chamber 3, the tail gas circulating filter 6 and the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8 through a gas storage device 11, so that the pressure reaches 0.3 Pa; starting the plasma generator 1, and adjusting the voltage of the plasma generator 1 to be 110V and the current to be 200A; adjusting the flow rate of argon introduced into the plasma generator 1 to be 1.5L/h to generate a plasma torch;
fourthly, the powder feeder 2 is started, the flow of argon gas introduced into the powder feeder 2 is adjusted to be 0.6L/h, so that the powder feeding speed of the powder feeder 2 reaches 0.5kg/h, TA1 powder is sent into the metal powder purifying chamber 3, and meanwhile, argon gas is introduced into the metal powder purifying chamber 3 through an aeration head; TA1 powder is heated and melted in a high-temperature plasma torch generated by a plasma generator 1, irregular sharp corners on the surface disappear, spherical molten liquid drops are formed due to surface tension, and the molten liquid drops continuously descend and are cooled under the action of gravity to reach the bottom of a metal powder purifying chamber 3, so that spherical powder is formed and falls into a first metal powder collector 4; argon gas for generating a plasma torch and argon gas for conveying raw material powder enter a tail gas circulating filter 6 through a gas outlet at the bottom of a metal powder purifying chamber 3 and a first heat exchanger 5, fine metal powder filtered falls into a second metal powder collector 7 to be collected, the argon gas enters a gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8 to remove impurity gas, is cooled through a second heat exchanger 9, is compressed through a gas compressor 10 and returns to a gas storage device 11; the spherical TA1 powder in the first metal powder collector 4 is the product.
In the aeration head of the embodiment, the argon gas is blown into the metal powder purifying chamber 3 from the gas outlet of the aeration head, so that the cooling speed of the liquid metal can be improved, the deformation of molten liquid drops in the descending process can be reduced, and the sphericity can be improved; the upper surface is arc-shaped, so that powder accumulation is prevented. Compared with the original powder, the TA1 powder product of the embodiment has the advantages that irregular sharp corners on the surface of the powder disappear, and the sphericity reaches 95%; the average grain diameter is 30 μm, and the refining rate reaches 52%; meanwhile, the oxygen content of the TA1 powder is reduced from 10000ppm of the original powder to 965ppm, and the impurity removal rate reaches 93%.
Claims (10)
1. A metal powder shaping, refining and purifying device is characterized by comprising a plasma generator (1), a powder feeding machine (2), a metal powder purifying chamber device (3), a first metal powder collector (4), a first heat exchanger (5), a tail gas circulating filter (6), a second metal powder collector (7), a gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier (8), a second heat exchanger (9), a gas compressor (10), a gas storage device (11), a vacuumizing device (12) and an automatic powder scraper (13);
wherein the top end of the metal powder purifying chamber (3) is provided with a plasma generator (1) and a powder feeder (2), and the bottom is provided with a first metal powder collector (4); an automatic powder scraper (13) is arranged in the metal powder purifying chamber (3);
a second metal powder collector (7) is arranged at the bottom of the tail gas circulating filter (6); a flame-retardant filter bag is arranged in the tail gas circulating filter (6);
an absorption layer is arranged in the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier (8), and consists of a copper powder layer, an alkali asbestos layer, a magnesium perchlorate layer and an alkali asbestos layer from bottom to top;
the gas outlet of the gas storage device (11) is respectively connected with the plasma generator (1) and the powder feeder (2); an air outlet pipe at the lower part of the metal powder purifying chamber device (3) is connected with an air inlet of an air storage device (11) through a first heat exchanger (5), a tail gas circulating filter (6), an air oxygen and nitrogen purifier (8), a second heat exchanger (9) and an air compressor (10) in sequence;
the vacuum-pumping device (12) is respectively communicated with the metal powder purifying chamber (3), the tail gas circulating filter (6) and the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier (8).
2. The metal powder reshaping, refining and purifying device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the powder feeder (2) is a double-channel piston feeder or a disc feeder.
3. The metal powder reshaping, refining and purifying device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outer wall of the shell of the metal powder purifying chamber (3) is provided with a jacket; the bottom of the jacket is provided with a water inlet (3-1); the upper part is provided with a water outlet (3-2).
4. The metal powder reshaping, refining and purifying device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the automatic powder scraper (13) comprises an annular scraper (13-1), a driving device (13-2) and a vertical rod (13-3), the annular scraper (13-1) is fixed at the bottom of the vertical rod (13-3), and the upper part of the vertical rod (13-3) is connected with the driving device (13-2).
5. The metal powder reshaping, refining and purifying device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the metal powder purifying chamber (3) is further provided with an observation window 15; an air pipe is arranged at the observation window 15 and is connected with the gas storage device (11).
6. The metal powder reshaping, refining and purifying device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lower part of the metal powder purifying chamber (3) is further provided with an air inlet pipe connected with the gas storage device (11).
7. The metal powder reshaping, refining and purifying device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an aeration head is arranged in the metal powder purifying chamber (3), and the aeration head is connected with the gas storage device (11); the upper surface that the aeration head is the arc, and the upper surface sets up the venthole.
8. The metal powder reshaping, refining and purifying device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the device further comprises a detection and automatic control instrument (14) which displays one or more parameters of power, current, voltage, vacuum degree, gas flow, gas pressure, gas oxygen content and dew point, cooling circulating water temperature and flow under the working state of the device.
9. A method for shaping, refining and purifying metal powder by using the device of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, filling metal powder to be treated into a powder feeder (2);
secondly, starting a vacuum-pumping device (12) to circularly filter the metal powder purifying chamber (3) and the tail gasThe vacuum degree of the device (6) and the gas oxygen and nitrogen purifier (8) is pumped to 1 multiplied by 10-3When the pressure is more than Pa, the vacuumizing device (12) is closed;
thirdly, high-purity argon is filled into the metal powder purifying chamber (3), the tail gas circulating filter (6) and the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier (8) through a gas storage device (11) to enable the pressure to reach 0.2 Pa-0.5 Pa; starting the plasma generator (1), and adjusting the voltage of the plasma generator (1) to be 90-120V and the current to be 150-300A; adjusting the flow rate of argon gas introduced into the plasma generator (1) to be 1.5-2.0L/h to generate a plasma torch;
fourthly, the powder feeder (2) is started, the flow of argon introduced into the powder feeder (3) is adjusted to ensure that the powder feeding speed of the powder feeder (3) reaches 0.5-1 kg/h, and the metal powder is fed into the metal powder purifying chamber (3); the metal powder is treated by a high-temperature plasma torch generated by a plasma generator (1) and then falls into a first metal powder collector (4); meanwhile, argon for generating a plasma torch and argon for conveying raw material powder enter a tail gas circulating filter (6) through a gas outlet at the bottom of a metal powder purifying chamber (3) through a first heat exchanger (5), the filtered metal powder falls into a second metal powder collector (7) for collection, the argon enters a gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier (8) for removing impurities, is cooled through a second heat exchanger (9), is compressed through a gas compressor (10) and then returns to a gas storage device (11); the spherical powder in the first metal powder collector (4) is a product.
10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the metal powder in step one is iron powder, stainless steel powder, nonferrous metal powder or special metal powder.
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| CN201911279327.6A CN110834090A (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2019-12-13 | Metal powder shaping, refining and purifying device and method |
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| CN116160008A (en) * | 2023-04-25 | 2023-05-26 | 西安优耐特容器制造有限公司 | Device and method for spheroidizing powder by adopting direct-current plasma torch |
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