CN210996482U - Metal powder plastic refines and purifier - Google Patents

Metal powder plastic refines and purifier Download PDF

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CN210996482U
CN210996482U CN201922230564.5U CN201922230564U CN210996482U CN 210996482 U CN210996482 U CN 210996482U CN 201922230564 U CN201922230564 U CN 201922230564U CN 210996482 U CN210996482 U CN 210996482U
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metal powder
powder
gas
purifying
refining
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宋美慧
张晓臣
张玉婷
安德烈·萨莫欣
张伟君
张煜
李艳春
李岩
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Institute of Advanced Technology of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences
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Institute of Advanced Technology of Heilongjiang Academy of Sciences
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Abstract

A metal powder reshaping, refining and purifying device relates to powder reshaping, refining and purifying equipment. The method aims to solve the technical problems of low sphericity and poor purity of the existing metal powder preparation method. The device comprises a plasma generator, a powder feeder, a metal powder purifying chamber, a metal powder collector, a heat exchanger, a tail gas circulating filter, a gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier, a gas compressor, a gas storage device, a vacuumizing device and an automatic powder scraper; the top end of the metal powder purifying chamber is provided with a plasma generator and a powder feeder, and the bottom of the metal powder purifying chamber is provided with a metal powder collector; the gas outlet of the gas storage device is respectively connected with the plasma generator and the powder feeder; the lower part of the metal powder purifying chamber is connected with a gas storage device through a heat exchanger, a tail gas circulating filter, a gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier and a gas compressor in sequence; the vacuum-pumping device is respectively communicated with the metal powder purifying chamber, the tail gas circulating filter and the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier. It can treat metal powder.

Description

Metal powder plastic refines and purifier
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a powder plastic refines and clarification plant belongs to powder metallurgy industry technical field.
Background
Metal powder refers to a group of metal particles having a size of less than 1mm, including single metal powders, alloy powders, and powders of certain refractory compounds having metallic properties, which are the main raw materials for powder metallurgy. The metal powder is prepared mainly by mechanical grinding and crushing, atomizing and the like.
Mechanical comminution is the process of breaking solid metal into powder by crushing, breaking and grinding. The method has low efficiency and large energy consumption, irregular sharp corners appear on powder particles, and the powder flowability, the apparent density, the tap density and the like are reduced; meanwhile, impurity elements are introduced due to contact with grinding media of different materials, so that the purity of powder and the comprehensive performance of a subsequently prepared metal component are influenced.
The atomization method is that large solid metal is heated at high temperature to become molten metal, the molten metal is atomized into fine liquid drops by a cooling medium, and the fine liquid drops are solidified into powder in the cooling medium. There are mainly two methods, gas atomization and liquid atomization. There are also centrifugal atomization methods using spinning disk pulverization and rotation of the melt itself (consumable electrode and crucible), and other atomization methods such as hydrogen-dissolved vacuum atomization, ultrasonic atomization, and the like. The gas atomized powder is generally nearly spherical, and irregular shapes can be obtained by water atomization. However, the method has expensive equipment and high energy consumption, and simultaneously, impurities are easy to generate or mix in the product, which affects the purity of the powder and the comprehensive performance of the metal component prepared subsequently.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to solve the technical problems of low sphericity and poor purity of the existing preparation method of metal powder, and provides a metal powder shaping, refining and purifying device.
The utility model discloses a metal powder plastic refines and purifier includes plasma generator 1, powder feeder 2, metal powder clean room ware 3, first metal powder collector 4, first heat exchanger 5, tail gas circulating filter 6, second metal powder collector 7, gaseous oxygen nitrogen clarifier 8, second heat exchanger 9, gas compressor 10, gas storage device 11, evacuating device 12 and powder automatic scraper 13;
the top end of the metal powder purifying chamber 3 is provided with a plasma generator 1 and a powder feeder 2, and the bottom is provided with a first metal powder collector 4; the automatic powder scraper 13 is arranged inside the metal powder purifying chamber 3;
the bottom of the tail gas circulating filter 6 is provided with a second metal powder collector 7; a flame-retardant filter bag is arranged in the tail gas circulating filter 6 and is used for filtering dust;
an absorption layer is arranged in the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8, and the absorption layer consists of a copper powder layer, an alkali asbestos layer, a magnesium perchlorate layer and an alkali asbestos layer from bottom to top and is used for removing water vapor and oxygen;
the gas outlet of the gas storage device 11 is respectively connected with the plasma generator 1 and the powder feeder 2; an air outlet pipe at the lower part of the metal powder purifying chamber 3 is connected with an air inlet of an air storage device 11 through a first heat exchanger 5, a tail gas circulating filter 6, a gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8, a second heat exchanger 9 and a gas compressor 10 in sequence;
the vacuum-pumping device 12 is respectively communicated with the metal powder purifying chamber 3, the tail gas circulating filter 6 and the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8.
Further, the powder feeder 2 is a double-channel piston type feeder or a disc type feeder; the metal powder which needs to be shaped, refined and purified can continuously enter the metal powder purifying chamber 3 through the feeder;
furthermore, the outer wall of the shell of the metal powder purifying chamber 3 is provided with a jacket, and the bottom of the jacket is provided with a water inlet 3-1; the upper part is provided with a water outlet 3-2; the jacket is a cooling circulation water path, and cooling water flows in from a bottom water inlet 3-1 and flows out from a top water outlet 3-2.
Furthermore, the outer wall of the shell of the tail gas circulating filter 6 is provided with a jacket, the bottom of the jacket is provided with a water inlet, and the upper part of the jacket is provided with a water outlet; the jacket is a cooling circulation water channel, and cooling water flows in from the bottom and flows out from the top.
Furthermore, the outer wall of the shell of the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8 is provided with a jacket, and the bottom of the jacket is provided with a water inlet; the upper part is provided with a water outlet; the jacket is a cooling circulation water channel, and cooling water flows in from the bottom and flows out from the top.
Further, the gas in the gas storage device 11 is high purity argon gas.
Furthermore, the automatic powder scraper 13 consists of an annular scraper 13-1, a driving device 13-2 and a vertical rod 13-3, wherein the annular scraper 13-1 is fixed at the bottom of the vertical rod 13-3, and the upper part of the vertical rod 13-3 is connected with the driving device 13-2; the driving device 13-2 drives the vertical rod 13-3 to move up and down, so that the annular scraper 13-1 scrapes off the powder deposited on the inner wall of the purification chamber.
Furthermore, the metal powder shaping, refining and purifying device of the utility model also comprises a detection and automatic control instrument 14 which displays the power, current, voltage, vacuum degree, gas flow, gas pressure, gas oxygen content and dew point, cooling circulating water temperature and/or flow under the working state of the device; the device has the functions of monitoring and adjusting the working parameters of the equipment on line in real time.
Furthermore, the metal powder purifying chamber 3 is also provided with an observation window 15; an air pipe is arranged at the observation window 15 and is connected with the gas storage device 11, and the air pipe vent body is used for blowing off powder deposited on the observation window 15 and is beneficial to observation.
Furthermore, the lower part of the metal powder purifying chamber 3 is also provided with an air inlet pipe connected with the gas storage device 11; the gas in the gas storage device 11 is directly input into the metal powder purification chamber 3, the tail gas circulation filter 6 and the gas oxygen and nitrogen purifier 8 to fill the whole system with gas, and the gas can be circulated and purified by the gas oxygen and nitrogen purifier 8, so that the purity of the gas in the gas storage device 11 is improved.
Further, the plasma generator 1 is a direct current arc plasma generator.
Furthermore, the first metal powder collector 4 and the second metal powder collector 7 are provided with sealing valves, which ensure that they remain sealed when they are separated from the apparatus.
Furthermore, an aeration head is arranged in the metal powder purifying chamber 3, and the aeration head is connected with the gas storage device 11; the upper surface of the aeration head is arc-shaped, the upper surface is provided with air outlet holes, and air is blown into the metal powder purifying chamber 3 through the air outlet holes, so that the descending speed of metal powder can be reduced, the cooling speed of liquid metal can be increased, and the sphericity can be improved; the upper surface is arc-shaped, so that powder accumulation is prevented.
The utility model discloses the application method of device:
firstly, filling metal powder to be treated into a powder feeder 2;
secondly, starting the vacuum extractor 12 to extract the vacuum degrees of the metal powder purifying chamber 3, the tail gas circulating filter 6 and the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8 to 1 × 10-3When the pressure is above Pa, the vacuumizing device 12 is closed;
thirdly, filling high-purity argon into the metal powder purifying chamber 3, the tail gas circulating filter 6 and the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8 through the gas storage device 11 to ensure that the pressure reaches 0.2 Pa-0.5 Pa, starting the plasma generator 1, adjusting the voltage of the plasma generator 1 to be 90-120V and the current to be 150-300A, and adjusting the flow speed of the argon introduced into the plasma generator 1 to be 1.5-2.0L/h to generate a plasma torch;
fourthly, the powder feeder 2 is started, the flow of argon introduced into the powder feeder 3 is adjusted to enable the powder feeding speed of the powder feeder 3 to reach 0.5-2 kg/h, and the metal powder is fed into the metal powder purifying chamber 3; the metal powder is heated and melted in a high-temperature plasma torch generated by a plasma generator 1, irregular sharp corners on the surface disappear, spherical molten liquid drops are formed due to surface tension, and the molten liquid drops continuously descend and are cooled under the action of gravity to reach the bottom of a metal powder purifying chamber 3, so that spherical powder is formed and falls into a first metal powder collector 4; meanwhile, argon for generating a plasma torch and argon for conveying raw material powder enter a tail gas circulating filter 6 through a gas outlet at the bottom of a metal powder purifying chamber 3 through a first heat exchanger 5, the filtered metal powder falls into a second metal powder collector 7 to be collected, the gas enters a gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8 to remove impurity gas, is cooled through a second heat exchanger 9, is compressed through a gas compressor 10 and returns to a gas storage device 11; the spherical powder in the first metal powder collector 4 is a product.
The device can treat metal powder with the particle size of 75-100 mu m, and the metal powder is iron powder, stainless steel powder, non-ferrous metal powder (such as copper powder, lead powder, zinc powder, manganese powder, chromium powder, titanium powder, aluminum powder, magnesium powder, tungsten powder and molybdenum powder) or special metal powder (such as high-temperature alloy powder and hard alloy powder).
The utility model discloses a device utilizes plasma torch to carry out the plastic to metal powder and refines, eliminates the irregular closed angle in surface, makes particle size distribution more even, and then improves the mobility of powder, and when carrying out the plastic to the powder and refining simultaneously, this equipment can also reduce metal powder oxygen content and other nonmetal and mix with, improves purity. Compared with the original powder, the irregular sharp corners on the surface of the metal powder treated by the device of the utility model disappear, and the sphericity can reach more than 90%; meanwhile, the oxygen content of the powder can be reduced to below 980ppm, and the impurity removal rate reaches above 90%.
The device of the utility model can be used for processing metal powder, and the process is simple and efficient.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the metal powder purifying chamber 3 and the automatic powder scraper 13 therein;
in the figure, 1 is a plasma generator, 2 is a powder feeder, 3 is a metal powder purifying chamber, 4 is a first metal powder collector 4, 5 is a first heat exchanger, 6 is a tail gas circulating filter, 7 is a second metal powder collector, 8 is a gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier, 9 is a second heat exchanger, 10 is a gas compressor, 11 is a gas storage device, 12 is a vacuumizing device, 13 is a powder automatic scraper, 14 is a detection and automatic controller, and 15 is an observation window;
in the automatic powder scraper 13, 13-1 is an annular scraper, 13-2 is a driving device, and 13-3 is a vertical rod 13-3.
Detailed Description
The following examples are used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the present invention:
example 1: the metal powder shaping, refining and purifying device of the embodiment is composed of a direct current arc plasma generator 1, a powder feeder 2, a metal powder purifying chamber 3, a first metal powder collector 4, a first heat exchanger 5, a tail gas circulating filter 6, a second metal powder collector 7, a gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8, a second heat exchanger 9, a gas compressor 10, a gas storage device 11, a vacuumizing device 12, an automatic powder scraper 13 and a detection and automatic controller 14; wherein the top end of the metal powder purifying chamber 3 is provided with a direct current arc plasma generator 1 and a powder feeder 2, and the bottom is provided with a first metal powder collector 4; a gas aeration head 13 and an automatic powder scraper 13 are arranged in the metal powder purifying chamber 3; the bottom of the tail gas circulating filter 6 is provided with a second metal powder collector 7; a flame-retardant filter bag is arranged in the tail gas circulating filter 6 and is used for filtering dust; the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8 is internally provided with an absorption layer which consists of a copper powder layer, an alkali asbestos layer, a magnesium perchlorate layer and an alkali asbestos layer from bottom to top and is used for removing water vapor and oxygen; the gas outlet of the gas storage device 11 is respectively connected with the plasma generator 1 and the powder feeder 2; an air outlet pipe at the lower part of the metal powder purifying chamber 3 is connected with an air inlet of a gas storage device 11 through a first heat exchanger 5, a tail gas circulating filter 6, a gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8, a second heat exchanger 9 and a gas compressor 10 in sequence; the lower part of the metal powder purifying chamber 3 is also provided with an air inlet pipe which is connected with the gas storage device 11 and is used for directly inputting the gas in the gas storage device 11 into the metal powder purifying chamber 3, the tail gas circulating filter 6 and the gas oxygen and nitrogen purifier 8 to fill the whole system with the gas, and the gas can also be circulated and purified by the gas oxygen and nitrogen purifier 8 to improve the purity of the gas in the gas storage device 11; the vacuumizing device 12 is respectively communicated with the metal powder purifying chamber 3, the tail gas circulating filter 6 and the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8; the powder feeder 2 is a double-channel piston type feeder; the outer wall of the shell of the metal powder purifying chamber 3 is provided with a jacket; the jacket is a cooling circulation water path, and cooling water flows in from a bottom water inlet 3-1 and flows out from a top water outlet 3-2; the outer wall of the shell of the tail gas circulating filter 6 is provided with a jacket; the jacket is a cooling circulating water path, and cooling water flows in from the bottom and flows out from the top; the outer wall of the shell of the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8 is provided with a jacket; the jacket is a cooling circulating water path, and cooling water flows in from the bottom and flows out from the top; the gas in the gas storage device 11 is high-purity argon with the mass percentage purity of 99.999%; the automatic powder scraper 13 consists of an annular scraper 13-1, a driving device 13-2 and a vertical rod 13-3, wherein the annular scraper 13-1 is fixed at the bottom of the vertical rod 13-3, and the upper part of the vertical rod 13-3 is connected with the driving device 13-2; the driving device 13-2 drives the vertical rod 13-3 to move up and down, so that the annular scraper 13-1 scrapes off powder deposited on the inner wall of the purification chamber; the detection and automatic control instrument 14 displays the power, current, voltage, vacuum degree, gas flow, gas pressure, gas oxygen content and dew point, and cooling circulating water temperature and flow under the working state of the equipment; the device has the functions of monitoring and adjusting the working parameters of the equipment on line in real time; the wall of the metal powder purifying chamber 3 is also provided with an observation window 15; an air pipe is arranged at the observation window 15 and is connected with the gas storage device 11, and the air pipe vent body is used for blowing off powder deposited on the observation window 15 and is beneficial to observation; the first metal powder collector 4 and the second metal powder collector 7 are provided with sealing valves which ensure that they remain sealed when they are separated from the apparatus.
The method for processing titanium alloy powder by using the device of the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
firstly, 1kg of titanium alloy TA1 powder with 75 mu m particle size and irregular shape is filled into a powder feeder 2;
secondly, starting the vacuum extractor 12 to purify the metal powder chamber 3, the tail gas circulating filter 6 and the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8The void degree is pumped to 1 × 10-3Pa, closing the vacuumizing device 12;
thirdly, filling high-purity argon into the metal powder purifying chamber 3, the tail gas circulating filter 6 and the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier 8 through the gas storage device 11 to enable the pressure to reach 0.2Pa, starting the plasma generator 1, adjusting the voltage of the plasma generator 1 to be 90V and the current to be 150A, adjusting the flow rate of the argon introduced into the plasma generator 1 to be 1.5L/h, and generating a plasma torch;
fourthly, the powder feeder 2 is started, the flow of argon gas introduced into the powder feeder 3 is adjusted to be 0.6L/h, the powder feeding speed of the powder feeder 3 reaches 0.5kg/h, TA1 powder is fed into the metal powder purifying chamber 3, the TA1 powder is heated and melted in a high-temperature plasma torch generated by the plasma generator 1, irregular sharp corners on the surface disappear, spherical molten liquid drops are formed due to surface tension and are cooled continuously under the action of gravity, the molten liquid drops reach the bottom of the metal powder purifying chamber 3 to form spherical powder and fall into the first metal powder collector 4, meanwhile, the argon gas used for generating the plasma torch and the argon gas used for conveying raw material powder enter the tail gas circulating filter 6 through a gas outlet at the bottom of the metal powder purifying chamber 3 through the first heat exchanger 5, the filtered metal powder falls into the second metal powder collector 7 to be collected, the argon gas enters the gaseous nitrogen oxide nitrogen 8 to remove impurity gas, the argon gas is cooled through the second heat exchanger 9 and is compressed through the gas compressor 10 and returned to the gas storage device 11, and the fine spherical products of the TA 4 are the TA products 369.
Compared with the original powder, the TA1 powder product of the embodiment has the advantages that irregular sharp corners on the surface of the powder disappear, and the sphericity reaches 90%; the average grain diameter is 30 mu m, and the refining rate reaches 50 percent; meanwhile, the oxygen content of the TA1 powder is reduced to 980ppm from 10000ppm of the original powder, and the impurity removal rate reaches 90%.
Example 2: the difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that an aeration head is also arranged in the metal powder purifying chamber 3, and the aeration head is connected with a gas storage device 11; the upper surface that the aeration head is the arc, and the upper surface sets up the venthole, blows argon gas in to metal powder clean room ware 3 through the venthole. The rest is the same as in example 1.
In the aeration head of the embodiment, the argon gas is blown into the metal powder purifying chamber 3 from the air outlet of the aeration head, so that the cooling speed of the liquid metal can be increased, the deformation of the metal powder in the descending process is reduced, and the sphericity is improved; the upper surface is arc-shaped, so that powder accumulation is prevented. Compared with the original powder, the TA1 powder product of the embodiment has the advantages that irregular sharp corners on the surface of the powder disappear, and the sphericity reaches 95%; the average grain diameter is 30 μm, and the refining rate reaches 52%; meanwhile, the oxygen content of the TA1 powder is reduced from 10000ppm of the original powder to 965ppm, and the impurity removal rate reaches 93%.

Claims (10)

1. A metal powder shaping, refining and purifying device is characterized by comprising a plasma generator (1), a powder feeding machine (2), a metal powder purifying chamber device (3), a first metal powder collector (4), a first heat exchanger (5), a tail gas circulating filter (6), a second metal powder collector (7), a gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier (8), a second heat exchanger (9), a gas compressor (10), a gas storage device (11), a vacuumizing device (12) and an automatic powder scraper (13);
wherein the top end of the metal powder purifying chamber (3) is provided with a plasma generator (1) and a powder feeder (2), and the bottom is provided with a first metal powder collector (4); an automatic powder scraper (13) is arranged in the metal powder purifying chamber (3);
a second metal powder collector (7) is arranged at the bottom of the tail gas circulating filter (6); a flame-retardant filter bag is arranged in the tail gas circulating filter (6);
an absorption layer is arranged in the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier (8), and consists of a copper powder layer, an alkali asbestos layer, a magnesium perchlorate layer and an alkali asbestos layer from bottom to top;
the gas outlet of the gas storage device (11) is respectively connected with the plasma generator (1) and the powder feeder (2); an air outlet pipe at the lower part of the metal powder purifying chamber (3) sequentially passes through a first heat exchanger (5), a tail gas circulating filter (6), a gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier (8), a second heat exchanger (9) and a gas compressor (10) and is connected with an air inlet of a gas storage device (11);
the vacuum-pumping device (12) is respectively communicated with the metal powder purifying chamber (3), the tail gas circulating filter (6) and the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier (8).
2. The metal powder reshaping, refining and purifying device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the powder feeder (2) is a double-channel piston feeder or a disc feeder.
3. The metal powder reshaping, refining and purifying device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outer wall of the shell of the metal powder purifying chamber (3) is provided with a jacket; the bottom of the jacket is provided with a water inlet (3-1); the upper part is provided with a water outlet (3-2).
4. The metal powder reshaping, refining and purifying device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the outer wall of the casing of the exhaust gas circulating filter (6) is provided with a jacket; the bottom of the jacket is provided with a water inlet, and the upper part is provided with a water outlet.
5. The metal powder reshaping, refining and purifying device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the outer wall of the shell of the gas oxygen-nitrogen purifier (8) is provided with a jacket, the bottom of the jacket is provided with a water inlet, and the upper part of the jacket is provided with a water outlet.
6. The metal powder reshaping, refining and purifying device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the automatic powder scraper (13) comprises an annular scraper (13-1), a driving device (13-2) and a vertical rod (13-3), the annular scraper (13-1) is fixed at the bottom of the vertical rod (13-3), and the upper part of the vertical rod (13-3) is connected with the driving device (13-2).
7. The metal powder reshaping, refining and purifying device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the device further comprises a detection and automatic control instrument (14) which displays the power, current, voltage, vacuum, gas flow, gas pressure, gas oxygen content and dew point, cooling circulating water temperature and/or flow rate of the device in the working state.
8. The metal powder reshaping, refining and purifying device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lower part of the metal powder purifying chamber (3) is further provided with an air inlet pipe connected with the gas storage device (11).
9. The metal powder reshaping, refining and purifying device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the metal powder purifying chamber (3) is further provided with an observation window (15); an air pipe is arranged at the observation window (15) and is connected with the gas storage device (11).
10. The metal powder reshaping, refining and purifying device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that an aeration head is arranged in the metal powder purifying chamber (3), and the aeration head is connected with the gas storage device (11); the upper surface that the aeration head is the arc, and the upper surface sets up the venthole.
CN201922230564.5U 2019-12-13 2019-12-13 Metal powder plastic refines and purifier Active CN210996482U (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110834090A (en) * 2019-12-13 2020-02-25 黑龙江省科学院高技术研究院 Metal powder shaping, refining and purifying device and method
CN111872406A (en) * 2020-07-21 2020-11-03 河南能微新材料科技股份有限公司 Inductively coupled plasma powder production equipment and production process

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110834090A (en) * 2019-12-13 2020-02-25 黑龙江省科学院高技术研究院 Metal powder shaping, refining and purifying device and method
CN111872406A (en) * 2020-07-21 2020-11-03 河南能微新材料科技股份有限公司 Inductively coupled plasma powder production equipment and production process

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