CN1331634C - Nickel-based spray-fused alloy powder and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Nickel-based spray-fused alloy powder and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a nickel-base spray-fused alloy powder which can be used for preventive surface treatment or surface repair of steel parts, and for manufacturing and repairing various parts which are easy to wear and work in corrosive media such as acid and alkali. The components are controlled as follows: c: 0.40-1.2%, Si: 3.5-5.0%, B: 2.5-4.5%, Cr: 13.0 to 20.0%, Fe: less than or equal to 17.0 percent, V: 0.5-1.8%, Al: 0.5-4.0%, and the balance of Ni, impurities and auxiliary components such as at least one of Nb, Ti, W, Mo and Cu; the auxiliary components can be as follows by weight percent: nb: 0.0 to 1.0%, Ti: 0.0 to 1.0%, W: 0.0 to 6.0%, Mo: 0.0 to 6.0%, Cu: 0.0 to 4.0%. Compared with the prior nickel-based spray-melting alloy powder, the nickel-based spray-melting alloy powder has the advantages that the wear resistance is improved by more than 20 percent, and the application range of the spray-melting alloy powder is enlarged.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the welding processing technical field, particularly relate to a kind of nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder.
Background technology
Spray fusing claims surfacing again, mainly is divided into two kinds of technologies of flame spray remolten and plasma spraying, and used spraying smelting alloy powder end is a self-fluxing powder, and at present the self-fluxing powder that uses mainly contains three kinds in fe-based alloy powder, nickel-base alloy powder and cobalt-base alloys powder.Wherein, the granularity of the used self-fluxing powder of flame spray remolten is generally-150 orders～+ 320 orders (two-step method spray fusing) and-320 orders (one-step method spray fusing); Two-step method spray fusing and one-step method spray fusing are meant the spraying smelting alloy powder use, and the two-step method spray fusing refers to that first dusty spray to requiring size, carries out remelting again, and it is thick that used powder is wanted; The one-step method spray fusing carries out remelting after referring to spray certain thickness powder immediately, carries out remelting again immediately after spraying certain thickness powder again, and until requiring size, i.e. spraying and remelting hockets until requiring size, and used powder is wanted carefully; The granularity of the used self-fluxing powder of plasma spraying is generally-60 orders～+ 150 orders.The fusing point of self-fluxing powder is low, is generally 950～1400 ℃, good fluidity; the deoxidation slag making voluntarily of element in melting process in the closing gold is protected alloy, behind the alloy graining; in alloy, can form the dispersion-strengtherning phase of high rigidity, to improve the intensity and the hardness of alloy.Generally all contain Si and B element in the self-fluxing powder, its effect is: (1) reduces the fusing point of alloy, and makes the temperature range that broad is arranged between the solid phase of alloy and the liquid phase; (2) carry out deoxidation and reduction and slag making; (3) improve hardness of alloy, Si mainly plays the solution strengthening effect, and B mainly plays dispersion-strengthened action.
Nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder is mainly used the workplace below 600 ℃, be applicable to the preventative surface treatment or the surface reparation of steel-iron components, and each easily plants part of wearing and tearing, the manufacturing and the reparation of the part of working in corrosive mediums such as acid, alkali.Existing nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder, by first mechanical industry ministerial standard (JB-3168-82) the subordinate list 1-2 " oxy-acetylene flame surfacing alloy powder chemical composition and physical property " of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the oxy-acetylene flame spray fusing only contains C, Fe, Si, B, Cr, Ni with nickel-base alloy powder, the solid solution strengthened alloy element mainly is Cr behind the spray fusing, and single-phase solid solution strengthening effect is bad; Dispersion-strengtherning mainly is the boride of Ni and Cr mutually, and the hardening constituent type is less, and especially high temperature abrasion resistance is not enough to cause wearability, and its range of application is restricted.By first mechanical industry ministerial standard (JB-3168-82) the subordinate list 1-1 " plasma spray welding powdered alloy chemical composition and physical property " of the People's Republic of China (PRC), except that C, Fe, Si, B, Cr, Ni element, contain 0.50～0.60%Al in the F12-37 trade mark of plasma spraying with nickel-base alloy powder, contain 2.00～3.00%Cu and 2.00～4.00%Mo in the F12-54 trade mark, the solid solution strengthened alloy element mainly is Cr and Mo behind the spray fusing, intensified element is still less, and solid solution strengthening effect is good inadequately; Al is γ ' (Ni
3Al) the main forming element of phase, by the disperse distribution reinforced alloys of boride in matrix of γ ' and Ni, Cr, the element kind that alloy forms the precipitation strength phase is few, and wearability especially high temperature abrasion resistance is not enough.Therefore be necessary on existing basic element basis, to add multiple element to improve the wearability of spraying smelting alloy powder, especially high temperature abrasion resistance.Nb, Ti and Ni can form Ni
3(AlTi), Ni
3Ti, Ni
xNb, the precipitation strength phase can be passed through their disperse distribution reinforced alloys in matrix.V, W can dissolve into γ ' mutually in, thereby strengthen with stable γ ' mutually, V, Nb, Ti, W easily form strong carbide, the high-temperature stability of these carbide is good, W, V, Ti have stronger solution strengthening ability, and these factors improve the intensity of spray fusing alloy, and wearability is good.So far, do not see that the report that adds V, Nb, Ti, W in nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder is arranged.
Summary of the invention
At the shortcoming that wear no resistance of existing spray fusing with nickel-base alloy powder, technical problem underlying solved by the invention provides a kind of nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder with better wearability and preparation method thereof.
Nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder provided by the invention also contains following ingredients: C:0.40～1.2%, Si:3.5～5.0%, B:2.5～4.5%, Cr:13.0～20.0%, Fe by weight percentage except containing nickel and impurity: V:0.5～1.8%≤17.0%.
Can also contain Al:0.5～4.0% in the described nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder.
In order further to improve wearability, the especially high temperature abrasion resistance of spray fusing alloy, above-mentioned nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder also contains at least a among following ingredients: Nb, Ti, W, Mo, the Cu.Wherein, described Nb, Ti, W, Mo, Cu, its percentage by weight is: Nb:0.0～1.0%, Ti:0.0～1.0%, W:0.0～6.0%, Mo:0.0～6.0%, Cu:0.0～4.0%.
Described nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder is grouped into by following one-tenth: C:0.40～1.2%, Si:3.5～5.0%, B:2.5～4.5%, Cr:13.0～20.0%, Fe: at least a among V:0.5～1.8%, Al:0.5～4.0% and Nb, Ti, W, Mo, the Cu≤17.0%; The content of wherein said Nb, Ti, W, Mo, Cu is by weight percentage: Nb:0.0～1.0%, Ti:0.0～1.0%, W:0.0～6.0%, Mo:0.0～6.0%, Cu:0.0～4.0%; Surplus is nickel and impurity.
Contain S, P, O in the impurity component in the above-mentioned nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder, its content is controlled at by weight percentage: S≤0.03%, P≤0.03%, O≤0.08%.Because S, P, O can generate low-melting compound or eutectic with matrix element in nickel-base alloy powder, the hot-workability and the mechanical behavior under high temperature of alloy are seriously reduced, and alloy easily cracks in the spray fusing process, the life-span of sprayfused coating reduces because of mechanical behavior under high temperature is serious and shortens, also to form oxide inclusions simultaneously, and oxide inclusions is the vantage point that crackle produces and expands, serious plasticity and the low cycle fatigue property that reduces alloy, so S, P, O must strictly control content, could improve the quality of nickel-base alloy sprayfused coating.
The spraying smelting alloy powder end that nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder of the present invention can be made desired particle size by methods such as water atomization, aerosolization method, rotary water current atomization, rotation electrode atomization, mechanical crushing methods.
Wherein, the granularity of described nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder can be-150～+ 320 orders.
Wherein, the granularity of described nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder can be-320 orders.
The method that the present invention prepares nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder comprises:
A, according to measuring raw material containing of required each element of nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder;
B, employing intermediate frequency furnace are smelted;
C, make powder by water atomization, aerosolization method, rotary water current atomization, rotation electrode atomization or mechanical crushing method, powder is sieved obtains the spraying smelting alloy powder of desired particle size.
Water atomization is raw material to be heated to inject previously baked bottom pour ladle to about 600 ℃ more than the fusing point after 100～150 ℃ in smelting furnace, molten metal flows out from bottom pour ladle, smashed the back by the water under high pressure of 3.5～10MPa and form powder, after collecting with powder aggregating device after filtration, the screening of dry back.Powder is sieved with 150 orders and 320 mesh sieves, and the oversize granularity of the screenings of 150 mesh sieve and 320 mesh sieve is-150～+ 320 orders, and the screenings granularity of 320 mesh sieve is-320 orders.
The aerosolization method is raw material to be heated to inject previously baked bottom pour ladle to about 600 ℃ more than the fusing point after 100～150 ℃ in smelting furnace, molten metal flows out from bottom pour ladle, utilize the high velocity air of 0.5～0.7MPa that metal liquid stream is smashed, again after powder aggregating device is collected after filtration, the screening of dry back.Powder is sieved with 150 orders and 320 mesh sieves, and the oversize granularity of the screenings of 150 mesh sieve and 320 mesh sieve is-150～+ 320 orders, and the screenings granularity of 320 mesh sieve is-320 orders.
The rotary water current atomization be with raw material in smelting furnace after the heat fused, pour being heated in the middle bottom pour ladle about 600 ℃ of inner lining refractory into, metal liquid stream is from the inflow spray chamber of leting slip a remark, and the current that sprayed by the high-revolving annular ejector from a plurality of holes smash the formation powder then.Powder spills from the spray chamber bottom, filters dry again after annealing through revolving filter, at last screening.Powder is sieved with 150 orders and 320 mesh sieves, and the oversize granularity of the screenings of 150 mesh sieve and 320 mesh sieve is-150～+ 320 orders, and the screenings granularity of 320 mesh sieve is-320 orders.
Nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder of the present invention is because V has stronger precipitation strength ability, and the carbide VC that it forms can at high temperature be dissolved in the solid solution, separates out under the low temperature; Its structure is similar to austenitic matrix, has the condition of evenly separating out; And VC is more stable, and its disperse is distributed on the matrix, and very strong precipitation strength effect is arranged; Al is γ ' (Ni
3Al) the main forming element of phase by the disperse distribution reinforced alloys of γ ' in matrix, makes nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder of the present invention have good wearability.
Nb, Ti and Al are γ ' (Ni
3Al) the main forming element of phase is by the disperse distribution reinforced alloys of γ ' in matrix.V, Nb, Ti, Mo, W are the strong carbide forming elements, and the high-temperature stability of these carbide is good, and Mo and W are strong solution strengthening elements, and Cu makes alloy have good oxidation resistance, and these factors make the intensity height of spray fusing alloy, and wearability is good.
Spray fusing alloy of the present invention is mainly used in flame spray remolten.Spray fusing sample that the present invention makes and the existing spray fusing alloy made by Sichuan development metal dust factory are (with C among the present invention, Fe, Si, B, Cr, O, S, P content is identical, the Ni surplus) the spray fusing sample of making is undertaken the mill test by GB12444.2-1990 " galling test method one ring piece type wear test " standard respectively with a kind of metal material such as Q345A material below-600 ℃ at 20 ℃, its mass loss reduces more than 20% than existing spray fusing alloy, especially under 500 ℃ of-600 ℃ of conditions of high temperature, its wearability is higher, and its mass loss reaches 35% than the amount that existing spray fusing alloy reduces.
Obviously, according to foregoing,,, can also make modification, replacement or the change of other various ways not breaking away under the above-mentioned basic fundamental thought of the present invention prerequisite according to the ordinary skill knowledge and the customary means of this area.All technology that realizes based on foregoing of the present invention all belong to scope of the present invention.Mode below by specific embodiment is further described the present invention, but should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Choosing ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, vanadium iron, nickel, ferro-boron, aluminium is raw material, gets material according to each constituent content of the required control of nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder, adopts common intermediate frequency furnace to smelt into alloy; Alloying component is controlled at: C 0.40%, Si 3.5%, B 2.5%, Cr 13.0%, V 0.5%, Al 0.5%, Fe≤17.0%, S≤0.03%, P≤0.03%, O≤0.08%, the Ni surplus, below all be weight percentage, the percentage sum is 100%, adopts water atomization that this alloy is made the nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder that granularity is-150～+ 320 orders (two-step method spray fusing) ,-320 orders (one-step method spray fusing) then.The spray fusing sample that spraying smelting alloy powder is made is undertaken the mill test by GB12444.2-1990 " galling test method-ring piece type wear test " standard respectively with a kind of metal material Q345A material, in 20 ℃ (normal temperature) test down, its mass loss reduces 20% than existing spray fusing alloy; Test under 400 ℃ of conditions, its mass loss reduces 22% than existing spray fusing alloy; Test under 600 ℃ of conditions, its mass loss reduces 22% than existing spray fusing alloy, and as seen wearability is better under its high temperature.
Embodiment 2
Choose ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, vanadium iron, nickel, ferro-boron, aluminium is raw material, each constituent content according to the required control of nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder is got material, adopt common intermediate frequency furnace to smelt into alloy, alloying component is controlled at: C 1.0%, Si 4.1%, B 4.2%, Cr 17.0%, V 1.5%, Al 3.2%, Fe≤17.0%, S≤0.03%, P≤0.03%, O≤0.08%, the Ni surplus, below all be weight percentage, the percentage sum is 100%, and adopting water atomization that this alloy is made granularity then is-150～+ 320 orders (two-step method spray fusings), the nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder of-320 orders (one-step method spray fusing).The spray fusing sample that spraying smelting alloy powder is made is undertaken the mill test by GB12444.2-1990 " galling test method-ring piece type wear test " standard respectively with a kind of metal material Q345A material, in 20 ℃ (normal temperature) test down, its mass loss reduces 20% than existing spray fusing alloy; Test under 400 ℃ of conditions, its mass loss reduces 25% than existing spray fusing alloy; Test under 600 ℃ of conditions, its mass loss reduces 28% than existing spray fusing alloy.
Embodiment 3
Choose ferrosilicon, molybdenum-iron, ferrochrome, vanadium iron, nickel, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, ferrotungsten, ferrotianium, aluminium, copper is raw material, each constituent content according to the required control of nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder is got material, adopt common intermediate frequency furnace to smelt into alloy, alloying component is controlled at: C 1.2%, Si 5.0%, B 4.5%, Cr 20.0%, V 1.8%, Al 4.0%, Nb 1.0%, Ti 1.0%, W 6.0%, Mo 6.0%, Cu 4.0%, Fe≤17.0%, S≤0.03%, P≤0.03%, O≤0.08%, the Ni surplus, below all be weight percentage, the percentage sum is 100%, and adopting gas atomization that this alloy is made granularity then is-150～+ 320 orders (two-step method spray fusings), the nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder of-320 orders (one-step method spray fusing).The spray fusing sample that spraying smelting alloy powder is made is undertaken the mill test by GB12444.2-1990 " galling test method-ring piece type wear test " standard respectively with a kind of metal material Q345A material, in 20 ℃ (normal temperature) test down, its mass loss reduces 28% than existing spray fusing alloy; Test under 400 ℃ of conditions, its mass loss reduces 30% than existing spray fusing alloy; Test under 600 ℃ of conditions, its mass loss reduces 32% than existing spray fusing alloy.
Embodiment 4
Choose ferrosilicon, molybdenum-iron, ferrochrome, vanadium iron, nickel, ferro-boron, ferro-niobium, ferrotungsten, ferrotianium, aluminium, copper is raw material, each constituent content according to the required control of nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder is got material, adopt common intermediate frequency furnace to smelt into alloy, alloying component is controlled at: C 1.0%, Si 4.0%, B 4.0%, Cr 18.0%, V 1.5%, Al3.0%, Nb 0.5%, Ti 0.4%, W 4.0%, Mo 4.0%, Cu 2.0%, Fe≤17.0%, S≤0.03%, P≤0.03%, O≤0.08%, the Ni surplus, below all be weight percentage, the percentage sum is 100%, and adopting the rotary water current atomization that this alloy is made granularity then is-150～+ 320 orders (two-step method spray fusings), the nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder of-320 orders (one-step method spray fusing).The spray fusing sample that spraying smelting alloy powder is made is undertaken the mill test by GB12444.2-1990 " galling test method-ring piece type wear test " standard respectively with a kind of metal material Q345A material, in 20 ℃ (normal temperature) test down, its mass loss reduces 30% than existing spray fusing alloy; Test under 500 ℃ of conditions, its mass loss reduces 32% than existing spray fusing alloy; Test under 600 ℃ of conditions, its mass loss reduces 35% than existing spray fusing alloy.
Embodiment 5
Choose ferrosilicon, vanadium iron, ferrochrome, nickel, ferro-boron, ferrotianium, aluminium is raw material, each constituent content according to the required control of nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder is got material, adopt common intermediate frequency furnace to smelt into alloy, alloying component is controlled at: C:1.1%, Si:4.6%, B:3.8%, Cr:17.0%, V:1.2%, Al:3.0%, Ti 0.5%, Fe :≤17.0%, S≤0.03%, P≤0.03%, O≤0.08%, the Ni surplus, below all be weight percentage, the percentage sum is 100%, and adopting water atomization that this alloy is made granularity then is-150～+ 320 orders (two-step method spray fusings), the nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder of-320 orders (one-step method spray fusing).The spray fusing sample that spraying smelting alloy powder is made is undertaken the mill test by GB12444.2-1990 " galling test method-ring piece type wear test " standard respectively with a kind of metal material Q345A material, in 20 ℃ (normal temperature) test down, its mass loss reduces 20% than existing spray fusing alloy; Test under 500 ℃ of conditions, its mass loss reduces 25% than existing spray fusing alloy; Test under 600 ℃ of conditions, its mass loss reduces 28% than existing spray fusing alloy.
Embodiment 6
Choose ferrosilicon, vanadium iron, ferrochrome, nickel, ferro-niobium, ferrotungsten, ferro-boron is a raw material, each constituent content according to the required control of nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder is got material, adopt common intermediate frequency furnace to smelt into alloy, alloying component is controlled at: C:1.1%, Si:4.6%, B:3.8%, Cr:18.0%, V:1.4%, Nb0.5%, W4.5%, Fe :≤17.0%, S≤0.03%, P≤0.03%, O≤0.08%, the Ni surplus, below all be weight percentage, the percentage sum is 100%, and adopting water atomization that this alloy is made granularity then is-150～+ 320 orders (two-step method spray fusings), the nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder of-320 orders (one-step method spray fusing).The spray fusing sample that spraying smelting alloy powder is made is undertaken the mill test by GB12444.2-1990 " galling test method-ring piece type wear test " standard respectively with a kind of metal material Q345A material, in 20 ℃ (normal temperature) test down, its mass loss reduces 20% than existing spray fusing alloy; Test under 500 ℃ of conditions, its mass loss reduces 25% than existing spray fusing alloy; Test under 600 ℃ of conditions, its mass loss reduces 28% than existing spray fusing alloy.
In a word, by adding elements such as V, Al, Nb, Ti, W, Mo, Cu, make the intensity height of spray fusing alloy of the present invention, wearability is good, its mass loss reduces more than 20% than existing spray fusing alloy, and especially under 500 ℃ of-600 ℃ of conditions of high temperature, its wearability is higher, its mass loss reduces 25-35% than existing spray fusing alloy, has enlarged the scope of application of spraying smelting alloy powder.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder is characterized in that: described nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder also contains following ingredients by weight percentage except containing nickel and impurity:
C：0.40～1.2％、Si：3.5～5.0％、B：2.5～4.5％、Cr：13.0～20.0％、Fe：≤17.0％、V：0.5～1.8％。
2, according to the described nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder also contains Al:0.5～4.0% by weight percentage.
3, nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder also contains at least a among following ingredients: Nb, Ti, W, Mo, the Cu; The content of wherein said Nb, Ti, W, Mo, Cu is by weight percentage: Nb:0.0～1.0%, Ti:0.0～1.0%, W:0.0～6.0%, Mo:0.0～6.0%, Cu:0.0～4.0%.
4, according to each described nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder of claim 1-2, it is characterized in that: contain S, P, O in the described impurity, its content is controlled at by weight percentage: S≤0.03%, P≤0.03%, O≤0.08%.
5, according to the described nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder of claim 3, it is characterized in that: contain S, P, O in the described impurity, its content is controlled at by weight percentage: S≤0.03%, P≤0.03%, O≤0.08%.
6, according to each described nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder of claim 1-2, it is characterized in that: the granularity of this nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder is-150～+ 320 orders or-320 orders.
7, nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the granularity of this nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder is-150～+ 320 orders or-320 orders.
8, prepare the method for the described nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder of claim 1, comprise the steps:
A, according to measuring material containing of required each element of control of nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder;
B, employing intermediate frequency furnace are smelted and are made alloy;
C, alloy is made powder, dry, sieving obtains the spraying smelting alloy powder of desired particle size.
9, the preparation method of nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder according to claim 6 is characterized in that: it is to realize by water atomization, aerosolization method, rotary water current atomization, rotation electrode atomization or mechanical crushing method that the c step is made powder.
10, the preparation method of nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powder according to claim 6 is characterized in that: with mistake 150 orders and 320 mesh sieves after this alloyed powder drying, obtaining granularity respectively is-150～+ 320 orders and-320 purpose nickel-base spraying smelting alloy powders in the c step.
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