CN105230179A - Multi-stress synchronous stress breeding method for cotton breeding - Google Patents
Multi-stress synchronous stress breeding method for cotton breeding Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-stress synchronous stress breeding method for cotton breeding, and belongs to the technical field of breeding. According to the method, during seed culture, directional selection is performed according to the yielding characteristic, the selected seeds of the selected generation are planted into a variety of stress environments, and an anti-stress test is performed so as to ultimately obtain the multi-stress-resistance seed variety; and after selecting the generation, the variety of the selected generation is subjected to generation increase propagation treatment to obtain the variety group of the generation seeds, each group of the variety group is respectively subjected to concurrent anti-stress test in a variety of stress environments, and finally the variety group capable of concurrently resisting a variety of stress environments can be selected and is determined as the multi-stress-resistance variety. According to the present invention, the cotton variety bred through the method has characteristics of saline-alkaline resistance, drought tolerance, and pest resistance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crossbreeding, relate to a kind of breeding method of anti-adversity, the many adverse circumstances being specifically related to a kind of seed selection cotton synchronously coerce method of breeding, can cultivate anti-saline and alkaline, drought resisting, the many anti-adversities of disease-resistant cotton.
Background technology
Generally all will through the F1 seed cultivated with male parent and female parent when cotton variety seed selection, then cultivate with F1 generation seed, cultivate F2 for entering segregative generation, being separated appears in the genetic character of test material, enter and select from generation to generation, namely select fine individual plant according to yielding ability breeding objective from F2 generation, eliminate weak plant, person's individual plant material is cultivated to F3 generation again and is selected for people the material oneself wanted further, F3 generation the seed given birth to still respectively have feature.In order to select degeneration-resistant material, generally all carrying out degeneration-resistant test when selecting from generation to generation to material of participating in the experiment, namely by allowing material of participating in the experiment grow in the adverse circumstance simulated, if finally can be up to standard, then illustrating that this material has corresponding adverse-resistant characteristic.General adverse circumstance comprises arid, saline and alkaline and how sick environment.But in prior art in selection from generation to generation, the F3 seed given birth to of generation still respectively has feature, the degeneration-resistant test that people do be take the F3 of different qualities generation produce seed and test in a kind of adverse circumstance respectively, if seed can grow and up to standard in adverse circumstance, then illustrate that how F3 generation institute produces seed for anti-against kind, such as: select F3 generation produce seed A and grow in arid soil, seed B grows in saline land, seed C grows in how sick environment, if seed A, B, C growth is all up to standard, then prior art is just thought and is obtained so-called anti-adversity, namely A is drought-resistant variety, B is anti-saline and alkaline kind, C is disease-resistant variety.But seed A grows in arid soil, seed B grows in saline land, and seed C grows in how sick environment, and seed A can drought resisting, and do not represent seed A and just can resist saline and alkaline or disease-resistant, same seed B and seed C also exists this situation.Namely this degeneration-resistant test of the prior art cultivate the anti-adversity selected be not 100% possess anti-many inverse abilities.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is for solving in prior art with carrying out different degeneration-resistant test for seed, cannot ensure to select the kind selected from generation to generation must be the technical problem resisting many inverse kinds, the many adverse circumstances providing a kind of seed selection cotton synchronously coerce method of breeding, necessarily can be had the how degeneration-resistant cotton variety of salinity and alkalinity resistance, drought-resistant ability and diseases and insect pests resistance by the present invention simultaneously.
The present invention is the technical scheme realizing the employing of its object:
Many adverse circumstances of a kind of seed selection cotton synchronously coerce method of breeding, this method is when cultivating seed, M8003 line is carried out according to yielding ability proterties, degeneration-resistant test is carried out by being planted in multiple adverse circumstance environment by the selected seed selected from generation to generation, finally obtain the process of how degeneration-resistant seed variety, after selection from generation to generation, the kind of selected generation is carried out add the numerous process of generation expansion, obtain the kind group of this generation seed, degeneration-resistant test while that each group kind group being carried out respectively in multiple adverse circumstance environment, the kind group of multiple adverse circumstance environment can be resisted the most at last to pick out simultaneously, be defined as many anti-adversities.
Each group kind group is carried out Drought resistant experiment, anti-salt alkali test, disease-resistant test respectively.
The judgement of anti-saline and alkaline pass the test is as follows: by planting seed to be tested in the saline land of saline and alkaline >=0.4%, emergence rate reaches more than 75%, utilize " towel volume salt stress method germination test " viewing test seed salt tolerant germination rate, relative salt damage rate≤20% of seed germination.Wherein in " towel volume salt stress method germination test ", towel infiltrates and is not less than 0.6% sodium chloride solution, calculate relative salt damage rate, relative salt damage rate≤20% of seed germination, relative salt damage rate=(salt stress process germination rate-control treatment germination rate)/control treatment germination rate.
The judgement that Drought resistant experiment is qualified is as follows: antiG valves >=1, the computational methods of antiG valves are: antiG valves=(tested variety nonirrigated farmland output/check variety nonirrigated farmland output) × (tested variety drought resistance coefficient/check variety drought resistance coefficient), wherein, drought resistance coefficient=nonirrigated farmland output/water ground output.
The judgement of disease-resistant pass the test is as follows, and Disease resistance index meets: resisting verticillium index≤35, anti-blight index≤10.
Sick grade standard and disease index computational methods:
0 grade: healthy tree is without symptom;
1 grade: diseased plant less than 25% blade shows typical symptom;
2 grades: diseased plant 25% ~ 50% blade shows typical symptom;
3 grades: diseased plant more than 50% blade shows typical symptom;
4 grades: complete stool blade is fallen ill, the withered polished rod that comes off into is dead;
After selection from generation to generation, the kind of selected generation is carried out add the numerous process of generation expansion for 1-2 time.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The cotton variety that the inventive method is cultivated necessarily has salinity and alkalinity resistance, drought-resistant ability and diseases and insect pests resistance simultaneously, and the existing breeding method for prior art, accuracy rate is high.
A step of having carried out after selection from generation to generation of the invention adds for expanding numerous, its objective is the required grain weight of many adverse circumstances test same period, ensure that the kind selected must be many anti-adversities, and must be that there is the triple effect of salinity and alkalinity resistance, drought-resistant ability and diseases and insect pests resistance simultaneously, avoid selecting from generation to generation, to occur only anti-kind that is a kind of or only anti-two kinds of inverse ring borders, avoid the seed selection drawback of prior art.
Compared to prior art, improvement of the present invention has following effect:
1. make improved variety have multiple degeneration-resistant proterties concurrently, the ecological production environment of many adverse circumstances can be adapted to.
2. effectively shorten the how degeneration-resistant time and space of Cultivars, improve breeding efficiency: the Cultivars how degeneration-resistant proterties cycle was from 3 years or become 1 year for many years, strange land becomes with ground, and prior art is the how degeneration-resistant proterties of Cultivars often, in not season in the same year, the observation cultivation of corresponding adverse circumstance ecological zone, strange land.
3, of the present invention adding for the numerous effect of expansion, increases many adverse circumstances as early as possible synchronously to coerce required test grain weight, and the effect adding the numerous operation of generation expansion of prior art and object mainly increase the generation, accelerate the stable of selected variety seeds proterties.
4, innovative point of the present invention is: multiple breeding technique is effectively combined, and to the qualification of material with evaluate more comprehensive, the kind practicality of incubation is stronger.
Embodiment
The present invention is for solving in prior art with carrying out different degeneration-resistant test for seed, cannot ensure to select the kind selected from generation to generation must be the technical problem resisting many inverse kinds, the many adverse circumstances providing a kind of seed selection cotton synchronously coerce method of breeding, necessarily can be had the how degeneration-resistant cotton variety of salinity and alkalinity resistance, drought-resistant ability and diseases and insect pests resistance by the present invention, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated simultaneously.
Embodiment 1
The key point of this breeding method is when cultivating seed, M8003 line is carried out according to yielding ability proterties, degeneration-resistant test is carried out by being planted in multiple adverse circumstance environment by the selected seed selected from generation to generation, finally obtain the process of how degeneration-resistant seed variety, after selection from generation to generation, the kind of selected generation is carried out add the numerous process of generation expansion, obtain the kind group of this generation seed, degeneration-resistant test while that each group kind group being carried out respectively in multiple adverse circumstance environment, the kind group of multiple adverse circumstance environment can be resisted the most at last simultaneously to pick out, be defined as many anti-adversities.In order to more clear interpretation, this method is done following discussion by us:
Concrete operation can be divided into following step:
A, cultivate F1 generation seed: be male parent with the seed of resisting drought, salt and alkali, hybridize for female parent with Resistant seed of getting bumper crops, obtain F1 generation seed, or with the seed of resisting drought, salt and alkali be maternal, hybridize for male parent with Resistant seed of getting bumper crops, obtain F1 generation seed;
B, segregative generation are cultivated: F1 generation seed is carried out plantation and cultivate, obtain segregative generation, be denoted as F2 generation;
C, selection generation: according to proterties demand, the generation seed needed for selecting from segregative generation, be denoted as F3 for seed, F3 is divided into A proterties seed, B proterties seed, C proterties seed for seed according to proterties ... n proterties seed,
D, add generation and expand numerous process: the F3 that is denoted as selected is carried out adding generation for seed and expands numerous process, obtain the kind group of this generation seed, namely A proterties seed adds generation and expands and numerously obtain adding with the proterties identical A proterties kind group of A proterties seed, B proterties seed generation and expands and numerously obtain adding with the proterties identical B proterties kind group of B proterties seed, C proterties seed for expanding numerous proterties identical C proterties kind group with C proterties seed that obtains ... n proterties seed adds generation and expands and numerously obtain the proterties identical n proterties kind group with n proterties seed;
D, seed selection anti-adversity: the kind group selecting F3 from generation to generation for seed is planted in multiple adverse circumstance environment respectively the same period and carries out degeneration-resistant test, select the kind of anti-multiple adverse circumstance environment simultaneously, kind group by each proterties is divided into groups according to the quantity of degeneration-resistant experiment, to carry out anti-salt alkali test, Drought resistant experiment, disease-resistant test, be A proterties kind 1 group, A proterties kind 2 groups, A proterties kind 3 groups by A proterties kind component, A proterties kind 1 group carries out anti-salt alkali test, A proterties kind 2 groups carries out Drought resistant experiment, A proterties kind 3 groups carries out disease-resistant test; Same mode, is B proterties kind 1 group, B proterties kind 2 groups, B proterties kind 3 groups by B proterties kind component, then carries out different tests respectively simultaneously; C proterties kind component is C proterties kind 1 group, C proterties kind 2 groups, C proterties kind 3 groups, then carries out different tests respectively simultaneously; N proterties kind component is n proterties kind 1 group, n proterties kind 2 groups, n proterties kind 3 groups, then carries out different tests respectively simultaneously; Three groups of all qualified kinds of test are anti-many inverse kinds, namely A proterties kind 1 group resist saline and alkaline qualified, the 2 groups of drought resistings of A proterties kind are qualified, A proterties kind 3 groups is disease-resistant qualified, then A proterties seed is anti-many inverse kinds, if occur A proterties kind 1 group resist saline and alkaline qualified, A proterties kind 2 groups resist defective, A proterties kind 3 groups is disease-resistant qualified, then the failure of an experiment, A proterties seed is not anti-many inverse kinds, same reason, test B proterties kind group, C proterties kind group ... n proterties kind group.
According to the operating process of above-mentioned this method, in the process that reality is cultivated: for the Hengmian No.4 cultivated, Hengmian No.4 cotton variety belongs to the many anti-adversities utilizing breeding method of the present invention to be bred as, possess salt-tolerant drought-resistant, the resistance to verticillium wilt of high resistance to wilt good, anti-fleahopper silk worm, the Transgenic Cotton Varieties of mid-early maturity high yield characteristics simultaneously.Its concrete cultivating process is:
With (economizing 1322 × Ji cotton 27) × GK12 for parental combination, first preparation combination in 2000 " economizes cotton No. 27 of 1322 × Ji ", winter in the same year numerous F in south
1reestablish diplomatic relations with GK12.
Calendar year 2001 carries out the strengthening of disease garden to offspring and selects individual plant, and wherein individual plant cultivates sowing, and by gained seed, winter in the same year, whole southern breeding was planted, and offspring eliminates variant, and elite plant single cross is mixed receives.
2002, single cross is mixed the seed disease garden plantation of receipts, carry out isolate identification, identify that the seed of the major clique obtained is designated as A proterties seed, B proterties seed, C proterties seed etc. respectively according to proterties, then carry out adding generation expansion numerous, obtain A proterties seed group, B proterties seed group, C proterties seed group.
2003, tested by dry farming product than high yield approval test, synchronously carry out saline and alkaline, non-irrigated approval test, according to the quantity of degeneration-resistant experiment, each proterties seed components group of gained is carried out degeneration-resistant test respectively in multiple adverse circumstance environment, obtains anti-adversity " Hengmian No.4 ".
2004-2006, participates in Hebei province's regional test, multiple spot demonstration with " Hengmian No.4 ".
Within 2007, named as Hengmian No.4 by authorization.
Embodiment 2
Carry out cotton quality inspection after how degeneration-resistant cotton variety plantation embodiment 1 selected, select existing cotton variety (DP99B) to carry out identical plantation operation as a control group, the cotton obtained carries out cotton quality inspection equally, and result of the test is as follows simultaneously:
| The present invention | Control group | |
| 2.5% span length | 30.4 | 30.1 |
| Specific strength cN/tex | 28.2 | 27.4 |
| Mic value | 4.5 | 4.9 |
| Uniformity index | 85.1 | 45.75 |
| Tensile stretch % | 6.6 | 5.2 |
| Reflectivity % | 74.5 | 68.8 |
| Yellowing | 7.2 | 7.6 |
| Spinning evenness index | 145 | 135.47 |
The economic characters of the cotton cultivated by the inventive method and the economic situation of existing cotton contrast as follows:
| Single boll weight (gram) | Ginning outturn % | Clothing refers to (gram) | |
| The present invention | 6.1 | 39.7 | 8.3 |
| Control group | 4.9 | 37.5 | 8.2 |
The output of the cotton cultivated by the inventive method and the yield comparison of existing cotton as follows:
Spring sowing cotton variety district of Hebei province examination yield result
After kind the present invention selected is planted, again carry out degeneration-resistant test, whether really there is for rechecking anti-adversity the effect of salinity and alkalinity resistance, drought-resistant ability, anti-blight, anti-blight simultaneously, testing as follows:
1, anti-salt alkali test:
(1), plant in the saline land of saline and alkaline >=0.4% by the kind selected, observe emerging and Germinating status of seed, the emergence rate of Hengmian No.4 seed reaches 85.9%, is better than contrasting 33B, shows that the kind that this method is cultivated has high capability of anti-salt alkalescence.
Fixed traditional salty irrigated area result of the test (broadcasting front soil salt content 0.542%, irrigation water salt content 4.51 grams per liter) of Jing County Han Bao in 2003
(2) after, utilizing " towel volume salt stress method germination test " to be namely not less than 0.6% sodium chloride solution with towel infiltration, test seed is rolled, put into moisture preservation box, keep 20-30 DEG C, observe material salt tolerant germination rate, and calculate relative salt damage rate, obtain relative salt damage rate≤20% (high resistance to) of seed germination.Relative salt damage rate=(salt stress process germination rate-control treatment germination rate)/control treatment germination rate.In 0.6% salinity stress level, it is 9.889 that Hengmian No.4 sprouts salt damage rate, and being starkly lower than cotton 44 (12.855) in contrast, is salt-enduring cultivars.
2, Drought resistant experiment:
Osmotic treatment test is carried out at rain-proof shelter, and only water pre-sowing water, take Osmotic treatment in the time of infertility, control treatment manages routinely carries out.Observe within breeding time and measure morphological feature, the auxiliary characteristics that the physiological and biochemical index measuring tested variety is identified as drought resisting.Last basis is participated in the experiment output, using antiG valves as material drought resisting qualification ultimate criterion.The antiG valves of the kind that the inventive method is cultivated is 1.5, shows to have high drought-resistant ability.
Hengmian No.4 form drought resistance is good: seed base-root is thick, well developed root system; Blade is less, and leaf look dark green.Physiological drought tolerance is obvious: leaves water loss speed (RLW) is 0.0599, and producing contrast kind of DP99B leaves water loss speed is 0.0728, and Hengmian No.4 is lower than the rate-of-loss of coolant of contrast, and blade water retention capacity is comparatively strong, shows good drought resistance.Drought resisting qualification result: CCRI Repeated Drought Method qualification Hengmian No.4 in 2009 has good drought resistance seedling stage.Authentication test results in 2006, antiG valves 1.158, the standard that drought resistance reaches " good " (one-level), compared with contrast kind of 99B (antiG valves 1.0), improves 15.8%.
3, disease-resistant test:
Carry out in the uniform Infected Field of morbidity, require experimental field investigating according to pilot survey at fusarium wilt onset peak period (on June about 20) and verticillium wilt onset peak period (on August about 20) respectively.According to sick grade standard strain number at different levels, according to the disease index of each tested variety of disease index formulae discovery.
To determine to participate in the experiment according to the cotton variety blight disease resistance criteria for classifying and breeding objective the choice of seed material.The blight disease resistance criteria for classifying:
Hengmian No.4 fusarium wilt refers to be 4.6, high resistance to wilt good, and verticillium wilt refers to be 30.1, resistance to verticillium wilt.Anti-withered, resistance to (resisting) verticillium wilt of kind that the inventive method is cultivated, reaches
country is newthe disease resistance standard of variety certification.The anti-blight index of the kind that the inventive method is cultivated is less than 10; The resisting verticillium index of the kind that the inventive method is cultivated is all lower than 35.0.Show, the kind that the inventive method is cultivated has high resistance to wilt good ability and resistance to (resisting) verticillium wilt ability.
Claims (6)
1. many adverse circumstances of a seed selection cotton synchronously coerce method of breeding, this method is when cultivating seed, M8003 line is carried out according to yielding ability proterties, degeneration-resistant test is carried out by being planted in multiple adverse circumstance environment by the selected seed selected from generation to generation, finally obtain the process of how degeneration-resistant seed variety, it is characterized in that: after selection from generation to generation, the kind of selected generation is carried out add the numerous process of generation expansion, obtain the kind group of this generation seed, degeneration-resistant test while that each group kind group being carried out respectively in multiple adverse circumstance environment, the kind group of multiple adverse circumstance environment can be resisted the most at last to pick out simultaneously, be defined as many anti-adversities.
2. many adverse circumstances of a kind of seed selection cotton according to claim 1 synchronously coerce method of breeding, it is characterized in that: each group kind group is carried out Drought resistant experiment, anti-salt alkali test, disease-resistant test respectively.
3. many adverse circumstances of a kind of seed selection cotton according to claim 2 synchronously coerce method of breeding, it is characterized in that: the judgement of anti-saline and alkaline pass the test is as follows: by planting seed to be tested in the saline land of saline and alkaline >=0.4%, emergence rate reaches more than 75%, utilize " towel volume salt stress method germination test " viewing test seed salt tolerant germination rate, relative salt damage rate≤20% of seed germination.
4. many adverse circumstances of a kind of seed selection cotton according to claim 2 synchronously coerce method of breeding, it is characterized in that: the judgement that Drought resistant experiment is qualified is as follows: antiG valves >=1.
5. many adverse circumstances of a kind of seed selection cotton according to claim 2 synchronously coerce method of breeding, it is characterized in that: the judgement of disease-resistant pass the test is as follows, and Disease resistance index meets: resisting verticillium index≤35, anti-blight index≤10.
6. many adverse circumstances of a kind of seed selection cotton according to claim 1 synchronously coerce method of breeding, it is characterized in that: after selection from generation to generation, the kind of selected generation are carried out adding the numerous process of generation expansion for 1-2 time.
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