CN105221803A - 快开自动泄压阀 - Google Patents

快开自动泄压阀 Download PDF

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CN105221803A
CN105221803A CN201510539607.1A CN201510539607A CN105221803A CN 105221803 A CN105221803 A CN 105221803A CN 201510539607 A CN201510539607 A CN 201510539607A CN 105221803 A CN105221803 A CN 105221803A
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valve
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CN105221803B (zh
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涂程光
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Xiamen Yijing Environmental Engineering Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/02Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
    • F16K17/04Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side spring-loaded
    • F16K17/0413Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side spring-loaded in the form of closure plates
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/16Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
    • F16K1/18Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
    • F16K1/20Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation arranged externally of valve member
    • F16K1/2007Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation arranged externally of valve member specially adapted operating means therefor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K1/00Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces
    • F16K1/16Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members
    • F16K1/18Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps
    • F16K1/20Lift valves or globe valves, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces with pivoted closure-members with pivoted discs or flaps with axis of rotation arranged externally of valve member
    • F16K1/2014Shaping of the valve member
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/02Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
    • F16K17/04Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side spring-loaded
    • F16K17/0486Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side spring-loaded with mechanical actuating means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/02Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
    • F16K17/04Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side spring-loaded
    • F16K17/06Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side spring-loaded with special arrangements for adjusting the opening pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K17/00Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves
    • F16K17/02Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side
    • F16K17/164Safety valves; Equalising valves, e.g. pressure relief valves opening on surplus pressure on one side; closing on insufficient pressure on one side and remaining closed after return of the normal pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16KVALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/02Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
    • F16K31/06Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
    • F16K31/08Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid using a permanent magnet

Abstract

快开自动泄压阀属于自动磁力隔膜阀,它解决了传统的快开阀门需要连接电力、压力水源或压力气源,系统庞大的缺点,也解决了传统泄压阀只能运用在清洁流体介质,无法超压快速全开的缺点。阀门是由单腔隔膜阀增设磁力阀芯,增设调压机构、增设阀板与阀杆的杠杆连接机构及开阀缓冲机构组成。最终成为了快速开启、开度最大、并有调节及缓冲功能、并能在污水系统中使用的全介质自动阀门。

Description

快开自动泄压阀
技术领域
本发明涉及的是流体自动控制设备的发明创新。
背景技术
在现有技术中,快开阀门往往需要外接额外的电力、压力水源或压力气源,系统庞大复杂,可靠性相对较差。常规的泄压阀一般都是运用在较洁净的流体介质中,其工作过程往往是随着压力的升高,阀板的开度逐渐增大。目前市场上尚无一种达到设定压力时能快速开启并立即达到最大开度的泄压阀。本发明是已申请的发明“间歇压力流排水系统”(专利号2015103767058,发明人及申请人和本发明相同)密切相关的配套发明。
发明内容
针对以上阀门技术的不足及技术空缺,本发明提供一种无需外接其他动力,可在水流自身压力下实现自动控制的,快速开启的,立即达到大开度的,并可运用在污水系统的“快开自动泄压阀”(以下简称自泄阀),其特点是无需外接动力源,仅利用自身介质压力即可实现超压快速开启,泄压完成自动关闭,且开阀压力和关阀时机均可调,系统简单可靠。
要对所有技术措施做详细说明之前有必要先对阀门的启闭机构先做详细说明。
如附图4所示:隔膜的一边为需要控制的流体介质,一边为压力腔。压力腔内的调压螺栓为空心,末端为调压外接孔。该外接孔一般在下游有压力的清洁介质中外接截止阀及下游管道,使压力腔和下游压力保持一致。在下游无压的排水系统中使用时,压力腔可外接截止阀后再连通大气。要求关阀压力大于下游压力的情况下接小型阀门和气压调压设备。隔膜采用变形量较小但耐弯折的材料制成,为圆形,中心及外边均通过螺栓固定,其中外边固定在阀体上,中心通过压盖固定在随动永磁体上。隔膜外边的两面均设刚性的减压环,隔膜所承受的流体介质压力可通过改变减压环的内径进行增减,可达到了大幅调节开启压力的作用。压力腔内设弹簧,弹簧的受力可通过调压螺栓的旋转改变弹簧的长度而进行调节,使得阀门开启压力得到微调。随动永磁体为实心圆柱体,固定永磁体为空心圆柱体,两块永磁体均包塑,轴向充磁,同向设置,即永磁体之间可产生磁吸力,还可防潮。阀体的外壁上,隔膜的流体介质一侧还设有接口,用于连接自动排气阀以达到自动排气的目的。阀杆和随动永磁体可随隔膜上下移动,通过杠杆的传动而带动阀板开关。根据流体介质性质的不同,阀板及杠杆的形式相应也有多种。
基于以上介绍可以看出本自泄阀属于自动快开磁力隔膜阀。在任何流体介质中使用时,自泄阀都具备的共同技术特点归纳如下。
1.利用水压对隔膜及随动永磁体产生的压力来平衡所有水压对阀板产生的压力和两块永磁体之间的磁吸力。并利用流体压力变化导致隔膜产生的位移作为开关阀板的动力源。
2.开阀瞬间,开阀的合力不变,关阀的合力迅速减小,从而实现受力平衡的快速打破,也从而实现阀板的快速开启。
3.通过调整减压环的内径和弹簧的初始长度来实现开启压力的调整。
4.利用杠杆原理实现从隔膜到阀板之间动力的传递及动力方向的转变。
现对以上4个技术特征再行进一步解读。
流体在不同的压力下,与该流体直接接触的隔膜受到的力是不相同的。在隔膜所受的水压作用力和随动永磁体所受水压力(注:两块永磁体即使在关阀状态也留有一定间隙,确保水压能作用在随动永磁体的底部)的合力大于阀板水压作用力、磁吸力、阀板阀杆及隔膜等重力之间的合力时,阀板开启,反之阀板关闭(弹簧仅用于微调受力的平衡点,关闭状态可受拉也可受压)。随着隔膜的运动,与之连接的随动永磁体、阀杆和阀板等也就一起沿导向的方向运动起来。
极性方向相同的永磁体之间的磁吸力大小和气隙长度成反比。开阀过程阀板的水压力逐渐消失,永磁体之间的距离也越来越大,也就意味着和开阀的力对抗的力是越来越小,这样的结果是阀板迅速开启到最大开度,实现快开。关阀过程受上游压力变化的快慢影响较大。如果压力变化快,关阀的过程就比较快,变化过程慢,关阀过程就较慢。其关阀过程的快慢可通过调压螺栓进行微调。
本自控阀的隔膜一面直接和流体介质接触,另一面则是压力腔,其受力的大小主要取决于临流体介质的隔膜面积的大小,减压环就是用来调整临介质隔膜面积大小的工具。临流体介质的隔膜面积一旦调整,开阀的压力设定也随着发生变化。其设置的前提是隔膜的行程不能小于开关阀的最小行程,否者容易造成阀门关闭不严或开度不足。除了设置减压环这个调压手段外,另一个微调开启压力的手段就是通过调压螺栓调整弹簧的初始长度,使得开启压力得到微调。
阀杆连接阀板的形式有多种,都是杠杆形式,在以下的具体实施例中将详细阐述。附图说明
图1为具体实施例一的平剖面图。
图2为具体实施例二的平剖面图。
图3为具体实施例三的平剖面图。
图4为启闭机构的说明附图。
图中:阀体1、阀盖2、阀板3、减压环4、隔膜5、随动永磁体6、固定永磁体7、弹簧8、支架9、阀板转轴10、压盖11、阀杆12、阀板加强脊13、导向槽14、密封圈15、自动排气阀16、调压螺栓17、截止阀18、导向连杆19、杂质滤网20。
具体实施方式
以三个具体实施例来说明自泄阀的不同应用。
具体实施例一如图1:流体介质流出阀门后不改变方向,为了清楚地表达其结构,平面图中未画出自动排气阀16及其连接管,未画出截止阀18及其连接管。本实施例用于较洁净的流体介质中。阀板3内置,压力腔的压力和下游压力一致,调压螺栓17通过截止阀18连接下游管道。截止阀18不仅仅起连通下游管道的控制作用,其调整到一定的开度,可以在隔膜5上升时限制压力腔中的流体介质流出的总时长,起缓冲作用。阀杆12下部通过导向槽14连接杠杆形式的扁长弧形阀板加强脊13。由于阀板加强脊13和阀板3刚性连接,从而使阀杆12的上下运动转换成阀板3围绕阀板转轴10的圆周运动,并使得阀杆在较小的行程上获得了阀板较大的开度。为了避免阀体1内部产生较大的水头损失,也为了避免流体介质因流速突变而使阀体1内产生较大负压,阀板3做成碗形,以增大流体介质的过流断面。
具体实施例二如图2:流体介质流出阀门后改变方向向下流出,为了清楚地表达其结构,平面图中未画出自动排气阀16及其连接管,未画出截止阀18及其连接管。本实施例用于较洁净的流体介质中。阀板3内置,由于要求关阀压力大于下游压力,压力腔为密闭气体压力腔。压力腔需增加初始压力时,通过截止阀18连接增压设备,调整完毕后撤除增压设备。和实施例一不同,截止阀18在工作过程中始终处于关闭状态。压力腔在开阀过程中,压力逐渐增高,同样起缓冲作用。阀杆12下部通过导向槽14连接杠杆形式的扁长弧形阀板加强脊13。同样,由于阀板加强脊13和阀板3刚性连接,从而使阀杆12的上下运动转换成阀板3围绕阀板转轴10的圆周运动,并使得阀杆在较小的行程上获得了阀板较大的开度。同样,为了避免阀体1内部产生较大的水头损失,也为了避免流体介质因流速突变而使阀体1内产生较大负压,阀板3做成碗形,以增大流体介质的过流断面。
具体实施例三如图3:流体介质流出阀门后不改变方向流出,为了清楚地表达其结构,平面图中未画出自动排气阀16及其连接管,未画出截止阀18及其连接管。本实施例用于杂质较多的流体介质中,主要是针对污水系统开发。阀板3外置,由于阀门下游无压力,压力腔直接连通大气,截止阀18调整到一定的开度,可以起缓冲隔膜的作用。下部的连接装置有所不同,阀杆12通过导向槽先连接杠杆形式的扁长弧形导向连杆19,导向连杆19的末端再通过阀板3迎水面的导向槽14连接阀板加强脊13,从而带动刚性连接的阀板3转动,并使得阀杆在较小的行程上获得了阀板较大的开度。和上两例不同,由于阀板3是外置,其开启方向和水流方向一致。由于不存在阀板3占用过流断面问题,阀板3为平面圆形,其转轴10同样外置,且由于导向连杆19是扁长弧形,开启后对过水断面影响极小,能保证最大的开度且不易造成杂质的阻塞。另设杂质滤网20的作用是用于拦截较大杂质,避免其进入阀体上部后影响开关机构的正常工作。

Claims (10)

1.优选的,快开自动泄压阀主要特征是:由阀体、阀盖、永磁体阀芯、隔膜、减压环、阀杆、导向连杆、导向槽、阀板、阀板加强脊、空心调压螺栓、弹簧、自动排气阀、压力腔、支架、压盖及截止阀等组成。
2.优选的,如权利要求1所述,其特征是:永磁体阀芯由随动永磁体和固定永磁体组成,通过隔膜随水压变化而产生的位移和磁力阀芯的共同作用实现阀板的快开。
3.优选的,如权利要求1所述,其特征是:隔膜的外边缘的两面均设置减压环,通过增减减压环的内径,可实现开阀作用力的大幅增减。
4.优选的,如权利要求1所述,其特征是:阀板为边缘有转轴阀板,利用杠杆原理在阀杆较小的行程下实现阀板的较大开度。
5.优选的,如权利要求1所述,其特征是:压力腔为非密闭性时,空心调压螺栓上外接的截止阀调整到适当开度,可缓冲隔膜在开阀阶段的冲击力。
6.优选的,如权利要求1所述,其特征是:阀板的迎水面均设有阀板加强脊,加强脊上设有导向槽,便于连接动力并导向。
7.优选的,如权利要求1所述,其特征是:导向连杆用于朝下游方向开启阀板的阀门上,其转轴支座设置在阀体上部的非过流断面上,利于减少水头损失。
8.优选的,如权利要求1所述,其特征是:运用在洁净流体介质环境且下游有压时,阀板内置,运用在杂质较多且下游无压的流体介质环境时,阀板外置。
9.优选的,如权利要求2所述,其特征是:随动永磁体为实心包塑,固定永磁体为空心包塑,便于永磁体防潮,阀杆穿过空心固定永磁体和随动永磁体连接,此结构便于阀杆的上下移动。
10.优选的,如权利要求7所述,其特征是:导向连杆为扁长弧形并设有导向槽,利于减少水头损失,利于阀板达到最大开度且不易阻塞杂质。
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