CN105210585A - A kind of rapid breeding method of sweet potato - Google Patents
A kind of rapid breeding method of sweet potato Download PDFInfo
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- CN105210585A CN105210585A CN201410223204.1A CN201410223204A CN105210585A CN 105210585 A CN105210585 A CN 105210585A CN 201410223204 A CN201410223204 A CN 201410223204A CN 105210585 A CN105210585 A CN 105210585A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of rapid breeding method of sweet potato, combine according to breeding objective preparing hybrid, after obtaining true seed, according to local climate condition, in good time seeding in nursery bed is carried out to it, until seedling grow to can carry out field plantation time, require to plant according to field trial, in time gathering in the crops, carry out field selection; Cut the seedbed seedling after seedling to continue to produce 20-30 days, once select, selected growing directly from seeds is carry out the field second phase again to plant, and once selects in time gathering in the crops again.The selection result of the seedling that first phase and the second stage of field are planted combines, and selects the identical strain repeating to be selected in be defined as emphasis expand numerous object to 2 times.In the 3rd year, the strain at the sweet potato potato seedling place be all selected in for twice of being cultivated by Second Year was as preferred strain, and it is numerous that preferred strain is accelerated expansion, carried out multiple spot approval test and Resistance Identification operation, and the strain of resistance difference was eliminated; In the 4th year, carry out regional test; In the 5th year, perform great Qu and produce demonstration and corresponding cultivation operation; The method more accurately can obtain excellent Sweetpotato faster.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Sweet Potato Breeding technical field, be specifically related to a kind of rapid breeding method of sweet potato.
Background technology
Sweet Potato Breeding is usually based on conventional breeding, but conventional breeding carries out seedling (see Fig. 1 on the 1st year from induced flowering, pollination hybridization, seedling after obtaining hybrid seed, the breeding method of sweet potato in prior art), only select according to fresh tuber yield, do not carry out species test then.Elected strain carries out final election on the 2nd year subsequently, and then 3-4 carries out multiple spot productivity and Resistance Identification, and excellent strain 5-6 enters province and national region is tested, and performance is excellent enters great Qu production demonstration on the 7th year, within the 8th year, applies for that Shen (mirror) is fixed.
So, the conventional breeding methods time of the prior art is longer, how shortening the breeding cycle, and what improve breeding efficiency is those skilled in the art's technical problem urgently to be resolved hurrily and key point.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of rapid breeding method of sweet potato, by the method for 1 year 2 times field selections, and combine repeatedly multiple spot and test overlap at different levels carries out choosing seeds and breeding production operation, utilize the rapid breeding method of this sweet potato to carry out Sweetpotato seed selection and can save the 2-3 year.
In order to achieve the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
A rapid breeding method for sweet potato, comprises the following steps:
At the First Year of Sweet Potato Breeding, obtain true seed according to the combination of breeding objective preparing hybrid;
At the Second Year of Sweet Potato Breeding, in mid-April then, seeding in nursery bed is carried out to described true seed, mid-June then until true seed grow to can carry out field plantation time, grasping under the consistent prerequisite of seedling matter, by whole seedlings of every true seed, require to plant according to field trial, in time gathering in the crops, carry out first time field selection, a part remaining after cutting seedling is less, to grow up more weak potato seedling, proceed fertilizing, watering operation, continue to produce 20-30 days namely in mid or late July then after potato seedling grows to certain length, when the underground part of described potato seedling is tied more than most yampi block to 50 gram, the seedbed of true seed is gathered in the crops, above and below ground portion is dug out together, arrange in field, selectively cauline leaf growth potential in top is moderate, branch amount is many, underground part beet yield is high, potato skin is smooth, potato shape is good, knot potato is neat, knot potato early, food flavor is good, selected the growing directly from seeds that dry rate is high is carry out the field second phase again to plant, in time gathering in the crops, carry out second time field select,
At the 3rd year of Sweet Potato Breeding, the sweet potato strain be all selected in for twice of being cultivated by Second Year was as preferred strain, and it is numerous that preferred strain is accelerated expansion, carried out multiple spot productivity approval test and Resistance Identification operation; At the 4th year of Sweet Potato Breeding, perform preferred strain and carry out regional test;
At the 5th year of Sweet Potato Breeding, perform preferred strain great Qu and produce demonstration and corresponding cultivation operation;
At the 6th year of Sweet Potato Breeding, the qualification operation of application for execution new varieties;
Preferably, at the Second Year of Sweet Potato Breeding, all eliminate part strain inferior when selected preferred strain is selected, specifically comprise the steps:
Carry out indoor species test to the potato block just entering described preferred strain and measure oven dry rate and prepared food taste, according to species test result, more superseded partially desiccated rate is lower, the strain that prepared food taste is bad;
Remaining preferential strain is carried out the work of ore grade indexes in order to carry out next year, decrease some work amount.
Preferably, when carrying out field and selecting, the preferred strain selective ratio of selection is 0.2%.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the embodiment of the present invention is:
At the Second Year of Sweet Potato Breeding, true seed carries out seeding in nursery bed, until true seed grow to can carry out field plantation time, grasping under the consistent prerequisite of seedling matter, by whole seedlings of every true seed, require that carrying out first phase plants, and carries out field selection in time gathering in the crops according to field trial, meanwhile, a remaining part after cutting seedling is less, to grow up more weak potato seedling, carry out fertilizing, watering operation in time and (control temperature well, humidity and light conditions, as far as possible for the growth of sweet potato potato seedling provides suitable growing environment), continue to produce 20-30 days namely in mid or late July then after potato seedling grows to certain length, when the underground part of described potato seedling is tied more than most yampi block to 50 gram, the seedbed of true seed is gathered in the crops, above and below ground portion is dug out together, arrange in field, selectively cauline leaf amount of growth in top is large, branch amount is many, underground part beet yield is high, potato skin is smooth, potato shape is good, knot potato is neat, knot potato early, food flavor is good, selected the growing directly from seeds that dry rate is high is carry out the field second phase again to plant, in time gathering in the crops, carry out second time field select, can complete twice field like this to select in 1 year, because above-mentioned timing node and each operating procedure arrangement are tight, therefore it substantially reduces the select time of sweet potato strain, so, the selection result of seedling that we just plant first phase and the second stage of field like this combines, and selects the identical strain repeating to be selected in be defined as emphasis expand numerous object to 2 times.At the 3rd year of Sweet Potato Breeding, the strain at the sweet potato potato seedling place be all selected in for twice of being cultivated by Second Year was as preferred strain, and it is numerous that preferred strain is accelerated expansion, carried out the operation of multiple spot productivity approval test and Resistance Identification operation; At the 4th year of Sweet Potato Breeding, performing carrying out regional test operation, its objective is the sweet potato each side resistance checking above-mentioned preferred strain, and the strain of resistance difference is eliminated; At the 5th year of Sweet Potato Breeding, perform great Qu and produce demonstration and corresponding cultivation operation;
The rapid breeding method of sweet potato provided by the invention, seedling, operation is selected in 1 year twice field, and follow-up several times a year multiple spot is secondary and the overlapping breeding production operation of test at different levels, the sweet potato variety obtained is more, while substantially reducing the cultivation time, its sweet potato strain has the feature such as high yield, high-quality resistance.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the present invention, be briefly described to the accompanying drawing used required in embodiment below.
Fig. 1 of the prior artly utilizes Sweet Potato Breeding method flow schematic diagram;
The schematic flow sheet of the rapid breeding method of the concise and to the point sweet potato that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
The rapid breeding method of a kind of sweet potato that the embodiment of the present invention provides, comprises the steps:
At the First Year of Sweet Potato Breeding, obtain true seed according to the combination of breeding objective preparing hybrid;
At the Second Year of Sweet Potato Breeding, in mid-April then, seeding in nursery bed is carried out to described true seed, mid-June then until true seed grow to can carry out field plantation time, grasping under the consistent prerequisite of seedling matter, cut whole seedlings of every true seed, according to field trial require plant, carry out in time gathering in the crops first time field select, and cut seedling go out to grow up key strengthen potato seedling, a part remaining after cutting seedling is less, to grow up more weak potato seedling, carry out fertilizing, watering operation in time, continue to produce 20-30 days namely in mid or late July then after potato seedling grows to certain length, when the underground part of described potato seedling is tied more than most yampi block to 50 gram, the seedbed of true seed is gathered in the crops, above and below ground portion is dug out together, arrange in field, selectively cauline leaf amount of growth in top is large, branch amount is many, underground part beet yield is high, potato skin is smooth, potato shape is good, knot potato is neat, knot potato early, food flavor is good, selected the growing directly from seeds that dry rate is high is carry out the field second phase again to plant, in time gathering in the crops, carry out second time field select,
At the 3rd year of Sweet Potato Breeding, the strain at the sweet potato potato seedling place be all selected in for twice of being cultivated by Second Year was as preferred strain, and it is numerous that preferred strain is accelerated expansion, carried out the operation of multiple spot productivity approval test and Resistance Identification operation;
At the 4th year of Sweet Potato Breeding, perform preferred strain and carry out regional test;
At the 5th year of Sweet Potato Breeding, perform preferred strain great Qu and produce demonstration and corresponding cultivation operation;
At the 6th year of Sweet Potato Breeding, the qualification operation of application for execution new varieties;
The rapid breeding method of a kind of sweet potato that the embodiment of the present invention provides, its brief operation flow process is (see Fig. 2):
Step 100, First Year in Sweet Potato Breeding, obtain true seed according to the combination of breeding objective preparing hybrid;
Step 200, Second Year in Sweet Potato Breeding, carry out the selection of secondary field, obtaining excellent growing directly from seeds is;
Step 300, the 3rd year of Sweet Potato Breeding, preferred strain as preferred strain, and was accelerated to expand numerous by the strain at the sweet potato potato seedling place be all selected in for twice of being cultivated by Second Year, carries out multiple spot productivity and Resistance Identification test operation;
Step 400, the 4th year of Sweet Potato Breeding, perform preferred strain and carry out regional test;
Step 500, the 5th year of Sweet Potato Breeding, perform preferred strain great Qu and produce demonstration and corresponding cultivation operation;
Step 600, the 6th year of Sweet Potato Breeding, the qualification operation of application for execution new varieties;
By above-mentioned breeding method, the high-quality cultivated, high yield, disease-resistant sweet potato new product (kind) are shorten the time cycle of Sweet Potato Breeding to a great extent, accelerate breeding process.Meanwhile, improve the accuracy that seedling is selected.
Below the concrete steps of the rapid breeding method of the sweet potato that the embodiment of the present invention provides are elaborated:
The research of variety source, innovation and introduction is paid attention to according to breeding objective, Widening genetic basis, the hereditary transmission capacity of abundant understanding resource proterties, in a planned way Selection utilization parent, on purpose design sexual hybrid combination, carry out the preparation of conventional hybridization combination, be aided with runoff catchment and natural crossing simultaneously, make required phenotype proterties be able to show in sexual hybrids, realize breeding plan target.
After obtaining true seed, in early April, seeding in nursery bed is carried out to it, grow to until seedling and can carry out when field is planted (mid or late June), grasping under the consistent prerequisite of seedling matter, the seedling of every true seed has how many strains to plant just to cut how many strains to require to plant according to field trial, in time gathering in the crops, carry out field selection, a part remaining after cutting seedling is less, more weak potato seedling, promptly carry out the management such as fertilizing, watering, continue to produce 20-30 days (mid or late July) and treat that potato seedling grows to certain length, underground part ties most yampi block when expanding to more than 50 grams, once selection is gathered in the crops to the seedbed of true seed, above and below ground portion is dug out together, arrange in field, selectively cauline leaf growth potential in top is moderate, branch amount is many, underground part beet yield is high, potato skin is smooth, potato shape is good, knot potato is neat, knot potato early, food flavor is good, selected the growing directly from seeds that dry rate is high is carry out the field second phase again to plant, once select again in time gathering in the crops.
The seedling selection of other Sweet Potato Breeding units, no matter the potato seedling that true seed grows has how many strains, and only plant 1 strain in field, field results select selective ratio high by about 5%, and do not carry out species test then.
Our seedling selection is: the potato seedling that the potato seedling that true seed grows has how many strains to plant just is cut a few strain and carried out field planting, when carrying out field and selecting, the strain inclusion criteria selected is high, selective ratio is only about 0.2%, the tentatively selected fresh tuber yield in field is high, potato skin is smooth, potato shape is good, knot potato is neat, knot potato early, eat raw food flavor well dry rate grow directly from seeds and be, because each growing directly from seeds is that the strain number that we plant is more, after selected, potato seed amount is just larger, we just can carry out indoor species test to first selected strains and measure oven dry rate, prepared food taste etc., according to species test result, eliminate the dry rate of a part lower, the strain that prepared food taste is bad, decrease the workload that next year carries out ore grade indexes.The selection result of seedling that we just plant first phase and the second stage of field like this combines, and selects the identical strain repeating to be selected in be defined as emphasis expand numerous object to 2 times.
The numerous seedling of ahead of time seedling-cultivating is carried out to selected strains, obtain abundant potato seedling and namely put test of many times more than a year and test overlap at different levels is carried out, while variety trial qualification resistance, the multifactor multilevel experiment in cultivation in schedule ahead field and growth dynamic investigation test, carry out the selection qualification of system to proterties such as quality, yielding ability, adaptability and disease resistances.Planting characteristic research is carried out, for its production application and performance yield potentiality provide scientific basis while new lines participates in district's examination; There is provided Cultural practice supporting foundation for entering large-scale demonstration in advance, each test site organizes the local masses and agriculture technical staff to watch when checking and accepting, and accelerates the production application of new varieties in some areas.
We have proposed sweet potato seedling " several times a year multiple spot and test overlap at different levels carry out back-and-forth method " like this, be summarized as " accurate, early, soon " three words, the innovation of this breeding key technology and technology path, improves the accuracy that seedling is selected, accelerates breeding process.Use this technology, my unit selects sweet potato variety 8 in nearly 10 years, with within 25 years before, to be bred as compared with 2 sweet potato varieties, breeding efficiency improves 4 times, state (province) mirror business potato 19, business's potato 85, business's potato 103, No. 6, business's potato, No. 7, business's potato, No. 8, business's potato, business's potato No. 9 sweet potato series new varieties of being bred as, all show stable high yield characteristic in different year and have the characteristic such as high-quality, high resistance concurrently.This technology is also applied by other breeding units domestic, seed selection sweet potato variety more than 30.
Technical scheme of the present invention is by improveing sweet potato in breeding method, after seedling, operation is selected in 1 year twice field, and follow-up several times a year multiple spot is secondary and the overlapping breeding production operation of test at different levels, the sweet potato variety obtained is more, and while substantially reducing the cultivation time, it is high that its sweet potato strain often has natural propagation rate, fast, output is high, resistance high in growth.
The above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, any those skilled in the art, do not departing within the scope of technical solution of the present invention, make a little change when the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement can be utilized or be modified to the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations, in every case be the content not departing from technical solution of the present invention, the any simple modification done above embodiment according to technical spirit of the present invention, equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. a rapid breeding method for sweet potato, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
At the First Year of Sweet Potato Breeding, obtain true seed according to the combination of breeding objective preparing hybrid;
At the Second Year of Sweet Potato Breeding, in mid-April then, seeding in nursery bed is carried out to described true seed, mid-June then until true seed grow to can carry out field plantation time, grasping under the consistent prerequisite of seedling matter, cut whole seedlings of every true seed, require to plant according to field trial, in time gathering in the crops, carry out first time field selection, a part remaining after cutting seedling is less, to grow up more weak potato seedling, carry out fertilizing, watering operation in time, continue to produce 20-30 days namely in mid or late July then after potato seedling grows to certain length, when the underground part of described potato seedling is tied more than most yampi block to 50 gram, the seedbed of true seed is gathered in the crops, above and below ground portion is dug out together, arrange in field, selectively cauline leaf growth potential in top is moderate, branch amount is many, underground part beet yield is high, potato skin is smooth, potato shape is good, knot potato is neat, knot potato early, food flavor is good, selected the growing directly from seeds that dry rate is high is carry out the field second phase again to plant, in time gathering in the crops, carry out second time field select,
At the 3rd year of Sweet Potato Breeding, the strain be all selected in for twice of being cultivated by Second Year was as preferred strain, and it is numerous that preferred strain is accelerated expansion, carried out multiple spot productivity approval test and Resistance Identification operation;
At the 4th year of Sweet Potato Breeding, perform preferred strain and carry out regional test;
At the 5th year of Sweet Potato Breeding, perform preferred strain great Qu and produce demonstration and corresponding cultivation operation;
At the 6th year of Sweet Potato Breeding, the qualification operation of application for execution new varieties.
2. the rapid breeding method of sweet potato as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
At the Second Year of Sweet Potato Breeding, all eliminate part strain inferior when selected preferred strain is selected, specifically comprise the steps:
Carry out indoor species test to the potato block just entering described preferred strain and measure oven dry rate and prepared food taste, according to species test result, more superseded partially desiccated rate is lower, the strain that prepared food taste is bad;
Remaining preferential strain is carried out the work of ore grade indexes in order to carry out next year, decrease some work amount.
3. the rapid breeding method of sweet potato as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that,
When carrying out field and selecting, the preferred strain selective ratio of selection is 0.2%.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107114229A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-09-01 | 漯河市农业科学院 | A kind of rapidly and efficiently breeding method of the disease-resistant sweet potato variety of the high starch of breeding high-yield |
| CN112021120A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-04 | 湛江市农业科学研究院（广东省（湛江）区域性农业试验中心） | Method for screening sweet potato fruit line |
| CN113632651A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-12 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | Method for breeding edible sweet potato variety |
| CN113796271A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2021-12-17 | 山东农业大学 | Method for rapidly breeding excellent red sage root variety |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107114229A (en) * | 2017-05-05 | 2017-09-01 | 漯河市农业科学院 | A kind of rapidly and efficiently breeding method of the disease-resistant sweet potato variety of the high starch of breeding high-yield |
| CN113796271A (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2021-12-17 | 山东农业大学 | Method for rapidly breeding excellent red sage root variety |
| CN112021120A (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2020-12-04 | 湛江市农业科学研究院（广东省（湛江）区域性农业试验中心） | Method for screening sweet potato fruit line |
| CN113632651A (en) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-12 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | Method for breeding edible sweet potato variety |
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