CN105209079B - 具有中心腔的基于金属氧化物纳米颗粒的磁共振成像造影剂 - Google Patents
具有中心腔的基于金属氧化物纳米颗粒的磁共振成像造影剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种磁共振成像(MRI)造影剂,尤其是从纳米颗粒得到的MRI造影剂,所述纳米颗粒为具有中心腔的多孔的第一金属掺杂的第二金属氧化物纳米颗粒,以及用于生产所述MRI造影剂的方法。根据本发明制造的MRI造影剂不仅可用作用于治疗的药物递送剂,而且可用作用于诊断的MRI造影剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种磁共振成像(MRI)造影剂,尤其是基于金属氧化物纳米颗粒的MRI造影剂,其不仅可用作药物递送剂,而且可用作MRI造影剂,其中所述纳米颗粒是具有中心腔的多孔金属氧化物纳米颗粒。
背景技术
在各种分子成像技术中,磁共振成像(MRI)是功能最强大且非侵入式的诊断工具之一,因为MRI可在质子与组织的周围分子的相互作用基础上提供具有极佳解剖细节的图像。
MRI造影剂是用于通过增加MRI中正常组织与异常组织之间的对比度来改进身体内部结构的可见度的一组造影剂。MRI造影剂改变组织和它们存在的体腔的T1(纵向的)和T2(横向的)弛豫时间。根据图像加权,这可以发出升高或下降的信号。大多数MRI造影剂通过缩短位于附近的质子的弛豫时间来起作用。
MRI造影剂由自旋弛豫的两个主要的核磁共振过程:T1(纵向)、T2(横向)所定义(Journal of Nuclear Cardiology 11(6):733-743,2004)。
用作T1MRI造影剂的顺磁金属离子主要加速T1弛豫并在T1加权图像中产生“明亮的”对比度,而用作T2MRI造影剂的超顺磁金属氧化物主要增加T2弛豫速率并产生“黑暗”对比效果。
可用于药物递送的多功能MRI造影剂作为用于诊断和治疗的引人注目的MRI造影剂已获得相当多的关注。在此情况下,药物的递送和释放过程可被MRI实时监控。因此,需要集中尝试开发可用于药物递送以及MRI的多功能MRI造影剂。
作为所述多功能MRI造影剂,已开发具有与腔结构的几种类型的无机纳米颗粒作为诊疗一体化纳米平台(theranostic nanoplatform)(Nat.Mater.7:242,2008;Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.48:321,2009;J.Am.Chem.Soc.131:10637,2009;ACS Nano 4:6001,2010;Nat.Mater.8:935,2009)。为了含有所述有腔结构的多功能MRI造影剂的药物的有效负载和释放,非常需要精密控制MRI造影剂的纳米颗粒的腔结构的实际尺寸和形态,因为纳米颗粒的药物负载效率是由纳米颗粒的腔结构的物理尺寸和形态以及药物-腔相互作用的性质所决定。迄今为止,鉴于其难度,还没有用于精密控制MRI造影剂的纳米颗粒的腔结构的物理尺寸和形态的有效方法。
在本说明书中已引用了许多论文和专利说明书,并在括号中标明了引用。所引用的论文和专利文件的说明附于本发明中,以使本发明的技术和文本被清楚地理解。
发明内容
技术问题
本发明的一个目标是克服现有技术中的问题,并因此开发出需求已久的技术和方法。
准确地说,本发明的一个目标是提供一种基于纳米颗粒的MRI造影剂,其不仅可用作药物递送剂,而且可用作MRI造影剂,其中所述纳米颗粒是具有中心腔的多孔金属氧化物纳米颗粒。
本发明的另一个目标是提供一种用于生产基于纳米颗粒的MRI造影剂的方法,所述造影剂不仅可用作药物递送剂,而且可用作MRI造影剂,其中所述纳米颗粒是具有中心腔的多孔金属氧化物纳米颗粒。
技术方案
为提供能够用于药物递送的多功能MRI造影剂,发明人开发出一种方法,从具有中心腔的多孔第一金属掺杂的第二金属氧化物纳米颗粒通过以下步骤得到MRI造影剂,在惰性气体环境下合成第一金属氧化物纳米颗粒,在惰性气体环境下在第一金属氧化物纳米颗粒表面上形成第二金属氧化物的外延层,使所述第二金属氧化物层的形成保持在干燥空气环境下,通过在高温下用酸性液体处理来移除第一金属氧化物相以形成具有中心腔的第一金属氧化物掺杂的第二金属氧化物纳米颗粒,以及用生物相容聚合物涂覆所述纳米颗粒,随后通过证实所述基于纳米颗粒的MRI造影剂可用作能够用于药物递送和MRI的多功能MRI造影剂来完成本发明。
所以,本发明提供一种从纳米颗粒得到的MRI造影剂,所述纳米颗粒为具有中心腔的多孔的第一金属掺杂的第二金属氧化物纳米颗粒,以及用于生产所述MRI造影剂的方法。说明本发明的一类例示性MRI造影剂的截面图呈示于图1中。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中,选择氧化锰作为第一金属氧化物,但不限于此,且还可选择其他金属氧化物,如氧化钴(II)和氧化锌(II)。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中,选择氧化铁作为在第一金属氧化物纳米颗粒表面上形成外延层的第二金属氧化物,但不限于此,且还可选择其他顺磁或超顺磁金属氧化物,示例如下:氧化铬(III)、氧化钆(III)、氧化钴(II)和氧化镍(II),但不限于此。
本发明的MRI造影剂的药物负载效率由纳米颗粒的腔的物理尺寸和形态以及药物-腔相互作用的性质决定。为了药物的有效封装和释放,精密控制氧化物纳米颗粒的腔的物理尺寸和形态至关重要。本发明可提供一种通过控制模板核(即第一金属氧化物纳米颗粒)的物理尺寸和形态来控制MRI造影剂的这些特性的方法。可通过调节表面活性剂的量、反应时间和反应温度来控制模板核的这些因素。此外,本发明可选择任何形状的模板核,示例如下:八面体、十字形、海胆形以及立方体纳米颗粒,但不限于此。
可将各种聚合物用作涂覆所述纳米颗粒的生物相容聚合物。生物相容聚合物的优选例子包括生物聚合物,如壳聚糖、弹性蛋白、透明质酸、藻酸盐、明胶、胶原蛋白和纤维素;以及合成聚合物,如聚乙二醇(PEG)、聚氧化乙烯(PEO)、聚己酸内酯(PCL)、聚乳酸(PLA)、聚羟基乙酸(PGA),聚(乳酸-羟基乙酸)共聚物(PLGA)、聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-3-羟基戊酸酯)共聚物(PHBV)、聚对二氧环己酮(PDO),聚(L-丙交酯-己内酯)共聚物、聚(酯氨酯)(PEU)、聚(L-丙交酯-D-丙交酯)共聚物、聚(乙烯-乙烯醇)共聚物、聚(丙烯酸)(PAA)、聚(乙烯醇)(PVA)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚苯乙烯(PS)和聚苯胺(PAN),但不限于这些。
所述生物相容聚合物可经修饰以改进MRI造影剂的生物相容性和稳定性。可用于聚合物修饰的方法已众所周知,并由所属领域的技术人员良好地执行,这意味着这些方法是非常普遍的,因此没有必要进一步解释。
所述生物相容聚合物可进一步通过与各种有用的部分(如靶标部分或诊断部分)结合得以修饰。所述靶标部分包括与靶细胞表面上呈现的受体相结合的抗体、抗体片段、适配体以及各种配体,但不限于此。并且所述诊断部分包括诊断成像部分,如荧光团、光学报道分子(reporter)和量子点;计算机断层摄影(CT)探针,如碘基化合物和金纳米颗粒;以及非金属放射性同位素,如铟(In)、锝(Tc)和氟(F),但不限于此。聚合物和有用部分的结合的方法已众所周知,并由所属领域的技术人员良好地执行,这意味着这些方法是非常普遍的,因此没有必要进一步解释。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中,选择阿霉素作为模型药物负载于本发明的MRI造影剂中(但不限于此),且可选择其他各种药物,示例如下:抗癌药,如紫杉酚(taxol)、紫杉醇(paclitaxel)和多烯紫杉醇(docetaxel);以及抗生素,如新生霉素(novobiocin)、红霉素(erythromycin)、大环内酯类抗生素和噬菌体内溶菌素;但不限于此。
本发明的MRI造影剂可通过将MRI造影剂颗粒分散在医药学上可接受的液体介质中来制备。用于制备医药学上可接受的MRI造影剂可注射组合物的方法已众所周知,并由所属领域的技术人员良好地执行,这意味着这些方法是非常普遍的,因此没有必要进一步解释。
本发明还提供一种用于生产从纳米颗粒得到的MRI造影剂的方法,所述纳米颗粒为具有中心腔的多孔的第一金属掺杂的第二金属氧化物纳米颗粒,所述方法包括以下步骤:
A)在惰性气体环境下合成第一金属氧化物纳米颗粒;
B)在惰性气体环境下在第一金属氧化物纳米颗粒表面上形成第二金属氧化物的外延层;
C)使所述第二金属氧化物层的形成维持在干燥空气环境下;
D)通过在高温下用酸性液体处理来移除第一金属氧化物相以形成具有中心腔的第一金属氧化物掺杂的第二金属氧化物纳米颗粒;以及
E)用生物相容聚合物涂覆所述纳米颗粒。
在本发明的一个优选实施例中,利用金属前驱物的热分解来合成第一和第二金属氧化物,但不限于此方法,还可使用其他方法,如沉淀、气体蒸发法、混合气体法、喷雾干燥和机械合金。
可利用多种金属盐作为金属前驱物,其由以下例示:金属乙酸盐、金属乙酰丙酮酸盐、金属溴化物、金属碳酸盐、金属氯化物、金属氟化物、金属碘化物、金属硝酸盐、金属硫酸盐、金属油酸盐、金属甲酸盐、它们的水合物形式,以及所述金属盐的混合物,但不限于此。
作为用于金属前驱物热分解的表面活性剂,可使用烷基羧酸类,如油酸、月桂酸、硬脂酸、肉豆蔻酸(mysteric acid)和棕榈酸;烷基胺类,如油胺、月桂胺、十六烷基胺、三辛胺和二辛胺;以及烷基羧酸类或烷基胺类的混合物,但不限于这些。作为烷基胺类,更优选为烷基胺类,如油胺、月桂胺、十六烷基胺。
作为用于金属前驱物热分解的有机溶剂,优选具有比热分解反应的温度更高沸点的有机溶剂。例如碳氢化合物,如烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、环烷烃和二烯烃;醚化合物,如丁基醚、已基醚、辛基醚和癸基醚;杂环化合物,如吡啶和四氢呋喃;芳香族化合物,如甲苯、二甲苯、均三甲苯和苯;以及胺化合物,如三辛胺和油胺,但不限于此。
用于第一金属氧化物刻面蚀刻和移除第一金属氧化物相的酸性液体,可使用各种有机酸,如油酸和棕榈酸;和各种酸性缓冲液,但不限于这些。作为酸性液体,更优选油酸。
在干燥空气环境下在第一金属氧化物纳米颗粒的表面上形成一层第二金属氧化物期间,第一金属氧化物纳米颗粒暴露于空气中形成较高氧化态的第一金属氧化物的薄层。例如,在氧的存在下,MnO纳米颗粒的表面部分地转化成Mn3O4相。这种氧化是不均匀的,导致在第一金属氧化物纳米颗粒的表面上形成多个区域的较高氧化态的第一金属氧化物。第一金属氧化物纳米颗粒表面上的较高氧化态形式的第一金属氧化物的小块的存在对于产生多孔的第二金属氧化物壳是至关重要的。由于在第二金属氧化物壳中存在孔,因此酸性液体进入以蚀刻出第一金属氧化物核是可能的。当在惰性气体环境下通过分解第二金属氧化物的前驱物使第一金属氧化物纳米颗粒直接被第二金属氧化物层涂覆时,没有孔结构的第二金属氧化物得以合成。没有孔结构的第二金属氧化物不允许酸性液体进入以蚀刻出第一金属氧化物核。此外,在第一金属氧化物纳米颗粒表面上形成第二金属氧化物的外延层期间,较高氧化态形式的第一金属氧化物内的第一金属离子向外扩散至新形成的第二金属氧化物壳。较高氧化态形式的第一金属氧化物很容易地与重新形成的第二金属氧化物相混合以形成第一金属掺杂的第二金属氧化物相。结果是合成了第一金属掺杂的第二金属氧化物纳米颗粒。在有些情况下,此现象可提供额外的优点,如作为T1-T2双模式MRI造影剂的图像对比度增强改进或功能改进。
因此,在干燥空气条件下进行形成第二金属氧化物层的反应非常重要。
根据本发明制造的具有中心腔的多孔金属氧化物纳米颗粒除了用作MRI造影剂之外还可被用于各种应用中,示例如下:通过吸附纳米颗粒适用于移除有毒重金属离子,如汞离子、铅离子、镉离子、铬离子的吸附剂颗粒;催化剂载体或催化剂;电极;以及电池组分,但不限于这些。
有益效果
本发明可提供一种从纳米颗粒生产MRI造影剂的方法,所述纳米颗粒为具有中心腔的多孔的第一金属掺杂的第二金属氧化物纳米颗粒。根据本发明制造的MRI造影剂不仅可用作用于治疗的药物递送剂,而且可用作用于诊断的MRI造影剂。负载药物的MRI造影剂可通过实时监控药物递送和药物释放以及治疗反应的全过程来增强治疗效果。根据本发明的方法,对MRI造影剂的腔的表面性质、物理尺寸和形态的控制会是可能的;因此,对药物的负载和释放效率的控制也会是可能的。
附图说明
参考附图可以更好理解本发明的优选实施例的应用,其中:
图1是说明本发明的一类例示性MRI造影剂的截面图。
图2是八面体氧化锰(II)(MnO)纳米颗粒的透射电子显微镜(TEM)图像。(a)低倍放大,和(b)高倍放大。
图3是合成的八面体MnO纳米颗粒的X射线衍射(XRD)图案。
图4是十字形MnO纳米颗粒的TEM图像。
图5是海胆形状MnO纳米颗粒的TEM图像。
图6是立方体MnO纳米颗粒的TEM图像。
图7是说明本发明的纳米颗粒的合成方案的图表。(a)MnO纳米颗粒,(b)具有MnO核的Mn掺杂的氧化铁纳米颗粒,以及(c)具有中心腔的Mn掺杂的氧化铁纳米颗粒。
图8是根据本发明从八面体MnO纳米颗粒得到的具有中心腔的Mn掺杂的氧化铁纳米颗粒的TEM图像。
图9是根据本发明从八面体MnO纳米颗粒得到的具有中心腔的Mn掺杂的氧化铁纳米颗粒的XRD图案。
图10是根据本发明从十字形MnO纳米颗粒得到的具有中心腔的Mn掺杂的氧化铁纳米颗粒的TEM图像。
图11是根据本发明从海胆形状MnO纳米颗粒得到的具有中心腔的Mn掺杂的氧化铁纳米颗粒的TEM图像。
图12是根据本发明从立方体MnO纳米颗粒得到的具有中心腔的Mn掺杂的氧化铁纳米颗粒的TEM图像。
图13是利用本发明的MRI造影剂所获得的MR图像。
图14是显示本发明的MRI造影剂的药物释放曲线的结果。
图15是动物实验的结果。DOX_HER:含有阿霉素的HER结合的MRI造影剂;DOX_IRR:含有阿霉素的IRR结合的MRI造影剂;DOX:只有阿霉素;以及PBS:只有磷酸盐缓冲盐水。
具体实施方式
正如上文所述,本发明提供一种从纳米颗粒得到的MRI造影剂,所述纳米颗粒为具有中心腔的多孔的第一金属掺杂的第二金属氧化物纳米颗粒,其不仅可作为药物递送剂还可作为MRI造影剂,以及所述MRI造影剂的生产方法。
本发明的实际和目前优选的实施例如以下例子所示说明。
然而,基于对本公开的考虑,应了解本领域技术人员可在本发明的精神和范围内进行修饰和改进。
实例1:制备各种形状的氧化锰(II)纳米颗粒
<1-1>制备八面体氧化锰纳米颗粒
通过使用报道的方法(Chem.Mater.18:1821,2006)经一些修改来合成八面体氧化锰(II)纳米颗粒。简单地说,将甲酸锰(II)(Mn(HCOO)2,5mmol)、油酸(13mmol)和三辛胺(15mmol)混合于50ml圆底烧瓶中。在氩气强气流下,将混合物在磁力搅拌下于油浴中加热到120℃并保持在所述温度3小时。随后以30℃每分钟的加热速率将温度增加到330℃并使反应保持在所述温度直到出现绿色。通过使反应溶液冷却至室温获得绿色固体,并用1-丙醇洗涤,随后进行离心(3min,3,500rpm)。再次用乙醇洗涤几次所收集的固体,随后在烘箱中干燥过夜。TEM和XRD分析的结果分别如图2和图3所示。
<1-2>制备十字形氧化锰纳米颗粒
将乙酸锰(II)(1.4mmol)、油胺(3.0mmol)、油酸(1.5mmol)和三辛胺(6.2ml)装入100ml舒伦克管(Schlenk tube)中。在磁力搅拌和氩气气流下,将舒伦克管在油浴中以18℃每分钟的加热速率加热到270℃并保持在所述温度1小时。随后将油酸(2.4mmol)和三辛胺(1.24ml)注入到反应混合物中,接着在270℃温度下再加热1小时。通过使反应溶液冷却至室温获得绿色固体,并用1-丙醇洗涤,随后进行离心(3min,3,500rpm)。再次用乙醇洗涤几次所收集的固体,随后在烘箱中干燥过夜。TEM分析结果如图4所示。
<1-3>制备海胆形状氧化锰纳米颗粒
将6.2ml三辛胺、1.4mmol乙酸锰(II)、3mmol油胺和1.5mmol油酸添加到100ml舒伦克管中。在氮气覆盖层(吹出的N2气流速为40cc/min)下于油浴中将舒伦克管以18℃/min的速率加热到270℃。在270℃下1小时后,大的MnO纳米颗粒的形成得以完成。随后使所形成的大的多晶MnO纳米颗粒经受刻面选择性蚀刻。特别地,为了影响各向异性蚀刻,将油酸(1.6mmol)和三辛胺(1.24ml)注入到反应混合物中,并将所得溶液在270℃下再加热1小时。使反应混合物冷却到室温,并添加过量乙醇至溶液中,得到棕色沉淀物。TEM分析结果如图5所示。
<1-4>制备立方体氧化锰纳米颗粒
将乙酸锰(II)(0.4mmol)、油酸钠(0.4mmol)、油胺(3.0mmol)、油酸(1.5mmol)和三辛胺(6.2ml)装入100ml舒伦克管中。在磁力搅拌和氩气气流下,将舒伦克管在油浴中以18℃每分钟的加热速率加热到270℃并保持在所述温度1小时。随后将油酸(2.4mmol)和三辛胺(1.24ml)注入到反应混合物中,接着在270℃温度下再加热1小时。反应溶液冷却至室温得到绿色固体,并用1-丙醇洗涤,随后进行离心(3min,3,500rpm)。再用乙醇洗涤几次所收集的固体,随后在烘箱中干燥过夜。TEM分析结果如图6所示。
实例2:制备具有中心腔的锰(Mn)掺杂的氧化铁纳米颗粒
<2-1>使用八面体氧化锰纳米颗粒制备具有中心腔的Mn掺杂的氧化铁纳米颗粒
将14.2mg八面体MnO纳米颗粒和0.375mmol乙酰丙酮酸铁(III)添加至油酸(0.05mmol)、油胺(1mmol)和三辛胺(2ml)于100ml舒伦克管中的溶液中。在氩气下将舒伦克管在油浴中在强烈搅拌下以10℃/min的加热速率加热到210℃,并保持在此温度20min。随后在干燥空气环境下(氧气百分比为20%)将反应混合物在310℃下加热30min。使黑色溶液冷却到室温,并向溶液中添加油酸(1.3mmol)和三辛胺(0.5ml)。随后在干燥空气环境下将反应混合物加热到240℃并保持在此温度30min。冷却至室温后,随着丙酮和正丙醇的添加,具有中心腔的Mn掺杂的氧化铁纳米颗粒沉淀下来,并通过离心(3min,3,500rpm)收集。所获得的纳米颗粒在己烷和乙醇中洗涤几次。说明具有中心腔的Mn掺杂的氧化铁纳米颗粒的合成方案的图表如图7所示。具有中心腔的Mn掺杂的氧化铁纳米颗粒的TEM和XRD分析结果分别如图8和图9所示。
所得的纳米颗粒可再分散于氯仿、己烷或甲苯中以便进一步使用。
<2-2>使用各种氧化锰纳米颗粒制备具有中心腔的Mn掺杂的氧化铁纳米颗粒
为了检查本发明的适用性,可使用各种MnO纳米颗粒进行具有中心腔的Mn掺杂的氧化铁纳米颗粒的制备。在这些实验中,具有中心腔的Mn掺杂的氧化铁纳米颗粒是通过与上述使用八面体MnO纳米颗粒制备具有中心腔的Mn掺杂的氧化铁纳米颗粒一样的方法来制备,只是使用十字形、海胆形或立方体MnO纳米颗粒代替了八面体MnO纳米颗粒。
具有中心腔的Mn掺杂的氧化铁纳米颗粒的TEM分析结果如图10-12所示。
所得的纳米颗粒可再分散于氯仿、己烷或甲苯中以便进一步使用。
实例3:制备芘基聚乙二醇(芘基PEG)
通过使杂官能化聚乙二醇(NH2-PEGCOOH,分子量:5,000Da)的氨基与1-芘丁酸正羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯(Py-NHS,分子量:385.41Da)的正羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)基结合来合成芘基聚乙二醇(芘基PEG)。详细地说,将3mmol的Py-NHS和1mmol的NH2-PEG-COOH溶于15ml二甲基甲酰胺中,且随后在室温下将200μl三乙胺添加至反应混合物中。在室温氮气气氛下反应48小时后,过滤所得产物并用过量乙醚洗涤。使沉淀物在真空下干燥并储存以便之后使用。
实例4:将药物装入Mn掺杂的氧化铁纳米颗粒的中心腔
通过使用典型的初湿含浸法将抗癌药物阿霉素(DOX)装入Mn掺杂的氧化铁纳米颗粒的中心腔中。将3mg DOX和100μl三乙胺溶于4ml氯仿中。接着,将溶于1ml氯仿中的具有中心腔的10mgMn掺杂的氧化铁纳米颗粒添加至上述制备的溶液中。在室温下轻轻地搅拌所得溶液10min并放置于真空下以使溶剂蒸发。将所得粉末再分散入4ml氯仿中并且用永磁体收集负载药物的纳米颗粒以移除未负载的游离DOX。将以上程序重复三次以增加装入纳米颗粒中负载的DOX量。
实例5:涂覆含药物的具有芘基聚乙二醇(芘基PEG)的纳米颗粒
将刚制备的含有DOX的Mn掺杂的氧化铁纳米颗粒于1ml四氢呋喃(THF)中的溶液快速注入含有300mg芘基PEG的50ml磷酸盐缓冲液(pH9.8)中以使不想要的药物释放减到最少。将所得悬浮液在室温下搅拌过夜以使有机溶剂蒸发,且随后在20,000rpm下离心45min三次。在移除上清液之后,将涂覆有芘基PEG的含DOX的氧化铁纳米颗粒的沉淀物再分散在10ml磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS;pH 7.4)中。
实例6:制备结合有抗体的MRI造影剂
为了有效目标,使实例5中制备的MRI造影剂与抗体结合。详细地说,将10μmol的1-乙基-3-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺(EDC)和10μmol的硫代正羟基琥珀酰亚胺(硫代NHS)作为交联剂添加至实例5中制备的5ml MRI造影剂溶液中。随后添加0.7mg(4.5nmol)的抗HER2/neu抗体(HER,罗氏制药有限公司(Roche Pharmaceutical Ltd.))。使混合物保持在4℃。6小时后,通过离心(20,000rpm,45min)纯化与抗体结合的MRI造影剂(HER结合的MRI造影剂)。同样地,通过与上述制备HER结合的MRI造影剂所进行的方法相同的方法使不相关的人免疫球蛋白G(IgG)抗体(IRR)与MRI造影剂结合,只是使用IRR代替了HER。所制备的IRR结合的MRI造影剂用作没有靶向分子的对照MRI造影剂。
实例7:MR成像
将0.5ml HER结合的MRI造影剂给予无毛鼠(nude mice)。然后使用具有微-47表面线圈的3T临床MRI仪器(菲利普医疗系统,荷兰(Philips Medical Systems,TheNetherlands))进行MR成像。在室温下使用以下测量法获得在3T下注射了HER结合的MRI造影剂的无毛鼠的T2加权MR图像:TR=4,000毫秒均匀回波间隔(even echo space),获得物的数目=1,点分辨率为312×312μm,断面厚度为0.6mm,以及TE=60毫秒。结果显示在图13中。
图13中的结果证实本发明的MRI造影剂可用作有效MRI造影剂。
实例8:测定药物释放曲线
在37℃时各种pH条件下检测根据本发明的方法制备的含DOX的MRI造影剂的药物释放行为。
将3ml含DOX的MRI造影剂在20,000rpm下离心45min,并将沉淀的含DOX的MRI造影剂分别再分散于pH 5.5、7.4和9.8下的1ml磷酸盐缓冲液中。将含有含DOX的MRI造影剂的溶液密封于透析管中并在37℃下浸入10ml相应缓冲溶液中。使用荧光分光计通过593nm下的荧光测量所释放的药物的量。在各种pH条件下药物释放曲线的结果呈示于图14中。由此结果,可推断药物释放效率取决于pH且本发明的MRI造影剂可用于药物递送。
实例9:动物实验
为了评价本发明的MRI造影剂的效力,使用用于癌的动物模型系统进行实验。
通过将NIH3T6.7细胞(1×107细胞悬浮于50μl磷酸盐缓冲生理盐水中)植入4-5周龄的雌性BALB/c无毛鼠大腿近端中来培养(develop)负载肿瘤的小鼠。在负载肿瘤的小鼠的肿瘤体积达到大约40mm3之后,在植入(第0天)后3天时,进行MR成像并进行静脉内给予HER结合的MRI造影剂、IRR结合的MRI造影剂、单独的DOX或单独的磷酸盐缓冲液。每2天进行这些处理直到第12天。在余下的实验时间中(总实验时间是26天),只进行MR成像。通过测量肿瘤体积来评价比较的治疗功效。动物实验的结果呈示于图15中。
熟悉此项技术者将会了解到,在上述说明书中公开的概念和具体实施例,可很容易地被用来作为修改或设计其他实施例用于执行本发明的相同目标的基础。熟悉此项技术者还将会了解这种相等实施例不脱离如权利要求书中所阐述的本发明的精神和范围。
Claims (14)
1.一种基于金属氧化物纳米颗粒的MRI造影剂,其不仅用作药物递送剂,而且用作MRI造影剂,其中MRI造影剂源自具有中心腔的、由源自氧化锰的锰离子掺杂的多孔氧化铁纳米颗粒,其生产方法包括以下步骤:
A)在惰性气体环境下合成氧化锰的纳米颗粒;
B)在惰性气体环境下在氧化锰纳米颗粒表面上形成氧化铁的外延层;
C)使所述氧化铁层的形成维持在干燥空气环境下;
D)通过在高温下用酸性液体处理来移除所述氧化锰以形成具有中心腔的、由源自氧化锰的锰离子掺杂的多孔氧化铁纳米颗粒;以及
E)用生物相容聚合物涂覆所述纳米颗粒。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于金属氧化物纳米颗粒的MRI造影剂,其特征在于,所述中心腔具有至少一种选自由八面体、十字形、海胆形和立方体形组成的组的形状。
3.一种用于生产MRI造影剂的方法,其源自具有中心腔的、由源自氧化锰的锰离子掺杂的多孔氧化铁纳米颗粒,所述方法包括以下步骤:
A)在惰性气体环境下合成氧化锰的纳米颗粒;
B)在惰性气体环境下在氧化锰纳米颗粒表面上形成氧化铁的外延层;
C)使所述氧化铁层的形成维持在干燥空气环境下;
D)通过在高温下用酸性液体处理来移除所述氧化锰以形成具有中心腔的、由源自氧化锰的锰离子掺杂的多孔氧化铁纳米颗粒;以及
E)用生物相容聚合物涂覆所述纳米颗粒。
4.根据权利要求3所述的生产MRI造影剂的方法,其特征在于,所述氧化锰被合成为具有选自由八面体、十字形、海胆形和立方体组成的组的一种形状。
5.根据权利要求3所述的生产MRI造影剂的方法,其特征在于,用于移除所述氧化锰的所述酸性液体是选自有机酸和酸性缓冲液。
6.根据权利要求3所述的生产MRI造影剂的方法,其特征在于,所述由源自氧化锰的锰离子掺杂的多孔氧化铁纳米颗粒具有中心腔,所述中心腔具有选自由八面体、十字形、海胆形和立方体组成的组的一种形状。
7.根据权利要求3所述的生产MRI造影剂的方法,其特征在于,所述生物相容聚合物是选自由生物聚合物、以及合成聚合物组成的组中的一种。
8.根据权利要求7所述的生产MRI造影剂的方法,其特征在于,所述生物相容聚合物通过与靶标部分或诊断部分结合而修饰。
9.根据权利要求8所述的生产MRI造影剂的方法,其特征在于,所述靶标部分选自由与靶细胞表面上显现的受体结合的抗体、抗体片段、适配体以及各种配体组成的组。
10.根据权利要求8所述的生产MRI造影剂的方法,其特征在于,所述诊断部分选自由诊断成像部分、计算机断层摄影探针、以及放射性同位素组成的组中,其中所述诊断成像部分选自由荧光团、光学报道分子和量子点组成的组中;所述计算机断层摄影探针选自由碘基化合物和金纳米颗粒组成的组中;所述放射性同位素选自由铟、锝和氟组成的组中。
11.根据权利要求5所述的生产MRI造影剂的方法,其特征在于,所述有机酸选自由油酸和棕榈酸组成的组中。
12.根据权利要求7所述的生产MRI造影剂的方法,其特征在于,所述生物聚合物选自由壳聚糖、弹性蛋白、透明质酸、藻酸盐、明胶、胶原蛋白和纤维素组成的组中。
13.根据权利要求7所述的生产MRI造影剂的方法,其特征在于,所述合成聚合物选自由聚乙二醇、聚氧化乙烯、聚己酸内酯、聚乳酸、聚羟基乙酸,聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物、聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-3-羟基戊酸酯)共聚物、聚对二氧环己酮,聚(L-丙交酯-己内酯)共聚物、聚(酯氨酯)、聚(L-丙交酯-D-丙交酯)共聚物、聚(乙烯-乙烯醇)共聚物、聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚苯乙烯和聚苯胺组成的组中。
14.一种基于金属氧化物纳米颗粒的MRI造影剂,所述造影剂通过根据权利要求3所述的方法制备。
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CN115192737B (zh) * | 2022-07-18 | 2023-08-29 | 苏州久蓝生物医药有限公司 | 一种mri造影剂及其制备方法 |
CN115678007B (zh) * | 2022-11-02 | 2024-02-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 氟基聚氨基酸钴纳米粒子及其制备方法与用途 |
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WO2014163222A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
EP2981293A4 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
KR101577178B1 (ko) | 2015-12-14 |
EP2981293A1 (en) | 2016-02-10 |
EP2981293B1 (en) | 2020-02-26 |
CN105209079A (zh) | 2015-12-30 |
US20160051708A1 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
US11324841B2 (en) | 2022-05-10 |
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