CN105202576A - 用于燃气涡轮的阻尼器 - Google Patents

用于燃气涡轮的阻尼器 Download PDF

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CN105202576A
CN105202576A CN201510370497.0A CN201510370497A CN105202576A CN 105202576 A CN105202576 A CN 105202576A CN 201510370497 A CN201510370497 A CN 201510370497A CN 105202576 A CN105202576 A CN 105202576A
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damper assembly
damper
projection
combustion chamber
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CN105202576B (zh
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D.汤安
M.R.博蒂恩
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Energy Resources Switzerland AG
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Alstom Technology AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/002—Wall structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/003—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using dead chambers communicating with gas flow passages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/02—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using resonance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/02—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using resonance
    • F01N1/023—Helmholtz resonators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
    • F01N1/02—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using resonance
    • F01N1/026—Annular resonance chambers arranged concentrically to an exhaust passage and communicating with it, e.g. via at least one opening in the exhaust passage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M20/00—Details of combustion chambers, not otherwise provided for, e.g. means for storing heat from flames
    • F23M20/005—Noise absorbing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
    • F23R3/44—Combustion chambers comprising a single tubular flame tube within a tubular casing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • F05B2260/964—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise by damping means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • F05D2260/963—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise by Helmholtz resonators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00001—Arrangements using bellows, e.g. to adjust volumes or reduce thermal stresses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00005—Preventing fatigue failures or reducing mechanical stress in gas turbine components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00014—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by passive means, e.g. by Helmholtz resonators

Abstract

本发明大体上涉及燃气涡轮，并且其更具体地涉及用于燃气涡轮的燃烧室的阻尼器组件。根据优选实施例，本解决方案提供了包括颈部的壁上的凸起的阻尼器组件：这些凸起导致对声场的侧壁反应性，这具有减小颈部中的声音的有效速度的效果。减小颈部中的声音的有效速度等同于增大有效颈部长度。

Description

用于燃气涡轮的阻尼器
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及燃气涡轮，并且其更具体地涉及用于燃气涡轮的燃烧室的阻尼器组件。
背景技术
如公知的，在常规燃气涡轮中，声振荡通常发生在燃气涡轮的燃烧室中。用语室是指燃烧动力出现的任何气体容积。在此类室中，气体(例如，燃料和空气或排出气体的混合物)以高速的流动通常产生噪音。在燃烧室中焚烧空气和燃料引起进一步的噪音。该声振荡可发展成高度显著的共振。还称为燃烧室脉动的此类振荡可达到使燃烧室自身经历严重机械负载的振幅和相关的压力波动，该严重机械负载可决定性地缩短燃烧室的寿命，并且在最坏的情况下，甚至可导致燃烧室的破坏。
为了减小声振荡噪音，本领域中公知的是安装声阻尼装置，像，赫姆霍兹共振器。
典型地，这些类型的阻尼器是物理装置，其通常围绕燃烧室定位(在衬套上，在前面板上)。它们通常包括空容积(其中，空气可流动)和将容积连接于燃烧室的颈部。
赫姆霍兹阻尼器的共振频率和阻尼功率取决于其几何形状和穿过其颈部的流动。待在燃气涡轮中使用的赫姆霍兹阻尼器的最大大小可由于由需要安装阻尼器的区段施加的几何约束而受限。特别严格的约束由颈部的最大长度构成，因为后者是影响此类装置的阻尼能力的关键参数中的一个。按照可作为目标和阻尼的频率，颈部长度的局限限制了阻尼器效力。
然而，如果选择成以便实现与机器的操作状态相关联的最适合的频率的颈部的期望长度比几何上允许的更长(考虑围绕燃烧室的可用空间)，则通常采用的解决方案将使颈部直径变窄。然而，此类解决方案不可避免地降低阻尼器效率。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于通过提供如独立权利要求1中大致限定的阻尼器组件1来解决上文提到的技术问题。
此外，本发明的目的还在于提供一种如从属权利要求9中大致限定的用于燃气涡轮的燃烧室。
优选实施例在对应的从属权利要求中限定。
根据将在以下详细描述中仅出于示例性而非限制性的目的描述的优选实施例，本解决方案提供了一种包括颈部的壁上的凸起的阻尼器组件。如将从以下详细描述清楚的，这些凸起导致对声场的侧壁反应性，这具有减小颈部中的声音的有效速度的效果。减小颈部中的声音的有效速度等同于增大有效颈部长度。
对于给定容积，如果目标应为较低频率，则已知技术教导了增大颈部长度或减小其直径。如果相比于现有实践，则根据本发明的阻尼器具有清楚且独特的优点。如已经提到的，根据现有的解决方案，阻尼器的较低频率通过使颈部直径变窄来实现，给定了容积，并且已经达到颈部的最大长度(较长的颈部意味着较低的频率)。但该解决方案减小了阻尼功率。
附图说明
本发明的前述目的和所附优点中的许多个在其通过参照在连同附图进行时的以下详细描述而变得更好理解时将变得更容易认识到，在该附图中：
图1示出了根据现有技术的阻尼器的示意性侧视图；
图2示出了根据本发明的阻尼器组件的示意性侧视图；
图3示出了根据本发明的阻尼器颈部的不同实施例；
图4和5示出了根据本发明的阻尼器颈部的几何形状的细节；
图6示意性地示出了包括多个容积的根据本发明的阻尼器的侧视图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，其示出了根据现有技术的阻尼器组件100的侧视图。如已知的，阻尼器组件100包括通过颈部400与燃烧室500流动连通的共振腔300。典型地，颈部400具有一致的截面，其经由实例可为圆形或矩形。颈部400具有外壁600，其限定流动通道，该流动通道因此与共振腔300和燃烧室500连通。
现在参照以下图2，其示意性地示出了根据本发明的阻尼器组件1的侧视图。阻尼器组件1包括共振腔3和颈部4。颈部4使共振腔3与示意性地以附图标记2表示的燃烧室流体连通。具体而言，颈部4现在包括位于其外壁6上的凸起5。在所示实例中，颈部4包括外壁6上的多个凸起，但将认识到的是，外壁6甚至可具有仅一个任何形状的凸起。甚至在该构造中，根据本发明的阻尼器组件1导致关于根据已知技术的阻尼器组件(其中颈部具有沿其纵向发展的一致截面)的有利效果。凸起优选为环形，并且围绕阻尼器组件1的颈部4布置。此外，凸起5可具有多种形状。
具体而言，参照图3，凸起5可具有矩形截面，或更普通的弯曲截面。作为优选，环形凸起沿颈部4相等地间隔开。根据此处公开为非限制性情况的优选实施例，颈部4可具有波状颈部的典型构造。此外，凸起5优选方向向颈部4外。
如上文提到的，布置在阻尼器组件的颈部4上的凸起5导致对声场的侧壁反应性，这减小颈部中的声音的有效速度。减小颈部中的声音的有效速度等同于增大有效颈部长度。
具有凸起的管中的声音的有效速度Ceff由Cummings[1]分析导出。在Cummings模型中，各个腔中的流体的效果限于凸起的可压缩性，或"腔"，如果从颈部的内部容积考虑，其中压力假定为一致的，并且等于主管中的压力：
Ceff=声音的有效速度
Vcorr=波形腔容积
l=波节距
S=管的表面面积
Co=声音速度
Cummings的模型的预测已经按经验确认，并且借助于以Tonon等人的声学网络模型[2,3]的模拟确认。
参照图4，其示出了针对阻尼器组件的颈部选择的示例性波状几何形状的细节，以下数学关系可参照上文引入的用语来考虑：
考虑根据现有技术的具有一致截面的颈部，其中长度L，共振频率可表示为：
现在考虑根据本发明的波状颈部，共振频率可类似地表示为：
但由于以下关系成立：
故其遵循：
并且因此有效颈部长度为：
参照图5，并且借助于非限制性实例选择以下几何形状：
W=0.01(波形长度)
l=0.02(波形节距)
H=0.01(波形深度)
D=0.02(管直径)
其为：
因此，以上关系示出了相同的赫姆霍兹阻尼器可利用包括比一致的直颈部短＞40%的凸起的颈部实现。进一步强调的是，有利的是，波状颈部呈现出与总体柔性耦合的局部刚度。柔性有益于允许共振腔相对于颈部安装于其的燃烧室的壁的相对移动。此类布置允许由于作用于其中的热梯度引起的燃烧室的移动，这不具有阻尼器组件的完整性的消极影响。
现在参照最后的图7，其示出了根据本发明的阻尼器组件1的另一个实例，其具有与共振腔3流体连通的波状颈部4。在该示例性实施例中，共振腔3包括与彼此流动连通的两个容积31和32。
阻尼器组件1还包括中间颈部41，具有布置成连接所述两个容积(31,32)的凸起5。
将认识到的是，可借助于共振腔的任何组合来实现阻尼器组件的所有类型的构造，该共振腔具有多个容积，并且通过具有根据本发明的凸起的中间颈部互连。此外，将认识到的是，包括均包括一个或更多个容积的多个共振腔的根据本发明的阻尼器组件还可包括具有凸起的颈部和具有一致截面的颈部的组合。
尽管参照优选实施例完整描述了本发明，但明显的是，改型可引入在其范围内，并未认为应用由这些实施例限制，而是由以下权利要求的内容限制。
参考文献
[1]J.W.Elliot,CorrugatedPipeFlow,在"Lecturenotesonthemathematicsofacoustics"中,M.C.M.Wrigth,ImperialCollegePress,London,2005
[2]D.Tonon,B.J.T.Landry,S.P.C.Belfroid,J.F.H.Willems,G.C.J.Hofmans,A.Hirschberg,Whistlingofapipesystemwithmultiplesidebranches:Comparisonwithcorrugatedpipes,JournalofSoundandVibration329(2010)1007-1024.
[3]D.Tonon,Aeroacousticsofshearlayersininternalflows:closedbranchesandwallperforations,PhDThesis,TechnischeUniversiteitEindhoven,2011.

Claims (9)

1.一种用于燃气涡轮的燃烧室(2)的阻尼器组件(1)，所述阻尼器组件(1)包括共振腔(3)和与所述共振腔(3;31,32)流动连通的颈部(4;41)，所述阻尼器组件(1)的特征在于，其包括位于所述颈部(4,41)的壁(6)上的一个或更多个凸起(5)。
2.根据前述权利要求所述的阻尼器组件(1)，其特征在于，所述一个或更多个凸起(5)为环形并且围绕所述颈部(4)布置。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的阻尼器组件(1)，其特征在于，所述凸起(5)沿所述颈部(4)相等地间隔开。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的阻尼器组件(1)，其特征在于，所述一个或更多个凸起(5)具有矩形截面。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的阻尼器组件(1)，其特征在于，所述一个或更多个凸起(5)具有弯曲截面。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的阻尼器组件(1)，其特征在于，所述共振腔(3)包括与彼此流动连通的两个容积(31,32)。
7.根据前述权利要求所述的阻尼器组件(1)，其特征在于，所述颈部(41)为布置成连接所述两个容积(31,32)的中间颈部。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的阻尼器组件(1)，其特征在于，所述凸起(5)方向向所述颈部(4)外。
9.燃烧室(2)，特征在于其包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的阻尼器组件(1)。
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