CN105189988B - 用于操作开关阀的方法 - Google Patents

用于操作开关阀的方法 Download PDF

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CN105189988B
CN105189988B CN201480014503.2A CN201480014503A CN105189988B CN 105189988 B CN105189988 B CN 105189988B CN 201480014503 A CN201480014503 A CN 201480014503A CN 105189988 B CN105189988 B CN 105189988B
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switch valve
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duty ratio
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fuel tank
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CN105189988A (zh
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R.豪弗勒
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Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
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    • G05D7/06—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means
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    • G05D7/0629—Control of flow characterised by the use of electric means specially adapted for fluid materials characterised by the type of regulator means
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
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    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
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    • F16K24/00—Devices, e.g. valves, for venting or aerating enclosures
    • F16K24/04—Devices, e.g. valves, for venting or aerating enclosures for venting only
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    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B15/00—Systems controlled by a computer
    • G05B15/02—Systems controlled by a computer electric
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/0321—Fuel tanks characterised by special sensors, the mounting thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03236—Fuel tanks characterised by special filters, the mounting thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03256—Fuel tanks characterised by special valves, the mounting thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/035—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means
    • B60K2015/03542—Mounting of the venting means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/035—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means
    • B60K2015/0358—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means the venting is actuated by specific signals or positions of particular parts
    • B60K2015/03585—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means the venting is actuated by specific signals or positions of particular parts by gas pressure
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    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/20—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils
    • F02D2041/202—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit
    • F02D2041/2055—Output circuits, e.g. for controlling currents in command coils characterised by the control of the circuit with means for determining actual opening or closing time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于操作开关阀（4）的方法，该开关阀打开和关闭流体管线（5）。开关阀（4）借助于脉宽调制（PWM）信号被致动。通过使用具有增大或减小的占空比的PWM信号在开关阀的有效操作时间之外致动开关阀（4）。确定开关阀（4）打开所在的占空比，并且之后使用对应于打开时间的占空比来致动开关阀（4）以便在开关阀的有效操作时间期间打开和关闭开关阀。以此方式，能够以特别精确的方式致动开关阀（4）。

Description

用于操作开关阀的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于操作开关阀的方法，该开关阀打开和关闭流体管线并且借助于脉宽调制（PWM）信号被致动以便打开和关闭控制装置。
这种类型的开关阀的卓越之处在于特别简单的设计，因为它们仅通过在两个开关状态（具体地完全打开或完全关闭）之间控制来运动。因此，开关阀不呈现任意中间位置。
背景技术
开关阀借助于脉宽调制（PWM）信号被致动。这个信号由控制装置基于对应操作参数的各种设定点值被定义。但是，在对应实际值偏离于设定点值的这种情况下会存在风险，所述偏离例如是由于部件容差、操作容差等等导致的，从而导致会致使不正确地确定开关阀的打开时间的故障。例如当目标是通过使用开关阀实现所需流体通流流率时，实际上会导致不同于所述所需流体通流流率的值。
将通过使用常规油箱通风系统来解释这些问题。一种类型的系统具有活性炭过滤器，其结合了从油箱排出的碳氢化合物。冲洗管线从活性炭过滤器经由油箱通风阀通到相关联的发动机的进气管内。油箱通风阀是上述开关阀，其借助于脉宽调制（PWM）信号由发动机控制器驱动并且控制从活性炭过滤器到进气管的气体流动。这个阀例如在5至35Hz之间的频率下被致动。
相关联的发动机控制器确定冲洗流的设定值等，并且此外借助于压力传感器来确定当前操作状态的进气管压力。从环境压力和进气管压力之间的压力梯度且从预先规定的冲洗流确定用于致动油箱通风阀的PWM值。上述干扰也能够发生在这种情况下。
为了消除上述问题，公知的是调节打开点以便因此使得开关阀的打开点匹配实际现有情况。在发动机的静止操作阶段期间通过缓慢打开开关阀来解释λ偏差，在完全加载的活性碳过滤器的情况下在上述油箱通风系统中实现以此方式调节打开点。这种方法的缺点在于：
1. 所述方法仅可实现于活性碳过滤器全满时，
2. 所述方法仅实现于发动机的相对长的静止操作阶段期间，
3. 对λ控制器不存在其他干扰影响。
此外，公知的是评价对应的电流信号以便执行开关阀中的打开点探测。然而，在这种情况下为电流传感器引入了额外成本。
发明内容
本发明的目标是提供在背景技术部分中描述的那种方法，利用所述方法，能够以简单且特别准确的方式来致动开关阀。具体地，所述方法应该允许分级由部件公差导致的打开点偏差。
根据本发明，这个目标通过包括下述步骤的特定种类的方法实现：
- 通过使用PWM信号在所述开关阀的有效操作时间之外致动开关阀，其中所述PWM信号具有增大或减小的占空比；
- 确定开关阀打开所在的占空比；以及
- 将对应于开关阀打开时间的占空比用作用于致动开关阀的占空比，以便在所述开关阀的有效操作时间期间打开和关闭所述开关阀。
产生上述偏差或干扰且是开关阀的延迟时间的原因的影响因素主要是机械和电气部件容差，例如线圈阻力、弹簧系数、阀座的机械摩擦。这些影响因素影响必须被施加以便打开阀的电能。
在显著高于阀规格（例如250 Hz）的相对高的致动频率下，考虑到电感和机械惯性，阀能够不再机械地遵循致动信号。因为线圈能够不再根据在这个频率下的单个PWM脉冲完全地减小磁性能量，所以从特定占空比开始结合磁性能量，并且因此阀完全打开。低于这个阈值，不存在足够的能量来克服弹簧力。阀保持关闭。
这种类型的高致动频率被用于根据本发明的方法中，并且因此阀保持完全打开。因此选择对应的频率范围。
能够通过改变占空比相对准确地设定恰好打开阀所在的供给动力。
本发明利用这点并且确定在开关阀的有效操作时间之外（例如在阀服役之前）通过具有增大或减小的占空比的PWM信号所作用的阀，并且确定对应于开关阀打开点的占空比。因此，阀打开所在的占空比的阈值被用于指明打开点。占空比的阈值取决于与缓慢计时的情况下的打开点相同的因素。换言之，具有较迟打开点的阀比具有较早打开点的阀需要更大的占空比。
如果通过使用具有增大或减小的占空比的脉冲PWM信号来致动阀，则阀从占空比的特定阈值开始完全打开。
那么，使用对应于开关阀打开时间的占空比来致动开关阀以便在所述开关阀的有效操作时间期间打开和关闭所述开关阀。在开关阀的有效操作阶段，因此通过使用产生适用于实际条件（考虑到部件容差等）的阀的打开点的信号来致动所述开关阀。
根据本发明的方法具体被用于开关阀中，该开关阀是控制气体从油箱的过滤器到机动车辆的发动机的进气管的流动的油箱通风阀。在这种情况下，根据本发明的方法允许在怠速期间当过滤器（活性炭过滤器）空时分级由部件容差导致的打开点偏差。在这种情况下，车辆能够相应地例如在组装线结束处（在生产期间）或在库房内被制备。
在根据本发明的方法的一种进展中，在已经确定开关阀打开所在的占空比之后所述占空比被存储，以致之后所述占空比能够被用于在所述开关阀的有效操作时间期间致动开关阀。这确保了控制装置在开关阀的有效操作期间使用对应于正确打开时间的占空比。
在根据本发明的方法中，优选地通过进气管压力的增大来确定开关阀的打开。根据本发明，因此借助于压力传感器来确定进气管压力，而通过使用具有增大或减小的占空比的PWM信号来致动开关阀。然后，进气管压力相应地增大（由于油箱通风阀打开导致的气体入流）所在的那个占空比被确定并且用作有效操作的基础。
在根据本发明的方法的另一变型中，通过脉冲探测来确定开关阀的打开。这在足够高且稳定的进气管压力下也是可能的。
当确定用于致动开关阀的占空比时，优选地考虑修正因素，具体地是基于压力差、电池电压和/或温度来考虑。
附图说明
在下文将参考结合附图的示例性实施例具体地解释本发明，附图中：
图1是油箱通风系统的示意性图释；
图2是示出典型致动脉冲情况下电流廓线和阀打开廓线的图；
图3是示出在具有近似80%占空比的信号的情况下的电压廓线、电流廓线和阀打开廓线的图；并且
图4是示出具有不同占空比的信号以及示出对应进气管压力的图。
具体实施方式
图1示意性示出了机动车辆的油箱通风系统。机动车辆具有发动机7，燃烧空气经由所述发动机的进气管6被供应。这里没有图释发动机的其他构成部分（喷射系统等）。车辆进一步具有燃料箱1，燃料蒸汽由该燃料箱1经由管线2被供应到活性炭过滤器3并且被所述活性炭过滤器3吸附。通过打开油箱通风阀4以特定间隔冲洗，在过滤器中被吸附的这些碳氢化合物经由管线5被引入到发动机7的进气管6中，以便与燃烧空气一起被供应给发动机的燃烧过程。压力传感器8被设置在进气管6的区域内，其中能够借助于该压力传感器8测量进气管内主要存在的压力。
系统进一步具有控制装置9，其能够是发动机控制器的一部分。控制装置9控制油箱通风阀4在打开状态和关闭状态之间的操作，该通风阀4是开关阀的形式。因此阀被交替地打开和关闭。为此，由控制装置9通过使用脉宽调制信号来致动所述阀。
根据本发明的方法这样地进行，控制装置9在油箱通风阀4的有效操作时间之外（也就是说例如在相关联的机动车辆的制造过程期间的组装线的结束处）通过使用具有增大占空比（传号空号比）的PWM信号来致动阀4。同时，因此，传感器8测量进气管6内的压力并且将对应的压力信号供应给控制装置9。控制装置9监测这些压力信号并且确定在进气管压力增大时的占空比。进气管压力的这种增大对应于油箱通风阀4的打开点（额外的气体入流经由管线5进入进气管6）。
由控制装置9确定并且对应于油箱通风阀4的实际打开时间的占空比被存储并且以待机动车辆的有效操作。在有效操作期间，则使用这个占空比通过使用PWM信号来致动油箱通风阀4，以便打开阀并将活性炭过滤器冲洗干净。
图2示出了这样的示图，其中示出了针对10毫秒的典型致动脉冲（U）的电流廓线（I）和阀打开廓线（Q）。在t_open处标示出阀的打开时间。
图3示出了这样的示图，其中示出了针对具有近似80%占空比和250 Hz的信号的情况下的电压廓线（U）、电流廓线（I）和阀打开廓线（Q）。
图4示出了这样的示图，其中在所述示图的上部中示出了具有从70%至88%的不同占空比的信号。在下部中标示出相关联的进气管压力。清楚的是，在具有78%占空比的信号的情况下发生了进气管压力的增大，该增大对应于油箱通风阀的打开时间。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于操作开关阀的方法，该开关阀打开和关闭流体管线并且借助于脉宽调制（PWM）信号被致动以便打开和关闭控制装置，所述流体管线从过滤器通到进气管内，所述方法包括下述步骤：
- 当所述过滤器空时通过使用具有增大或减小的占空比的PWM信号在所述开关阀的有效操作时间之外致动所述开关阀；
- 确定所述开关阀打开所在的打开占空比，其中，通过所述进气管压力的增大来确定所述开关阀的打开；以及
- 使用所确定的打开占空比用于致动所述开关阀以通到所述进气管并且冲洗所述过滤器，以便在所述开关阀的所述有效操作时间期间打开和关闭所述开关阀。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，特征在于，所述开关阀是油箱通风阀，所述油箱通风阀控制气体从油箱的过滤器到机动车辆的发动机的进气管的流动。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，特征在于所述开关阀打开所在的占空比在被确定之后被存储。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，特征在于通过脉冲探测来确定所述开关阀的打开。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，特征在于，当确定用于致动所述开关阀的占空比时，考虑修正因素。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，特征在于，所述修正因素包括基于压力差、电池电压和/或温度的修正因素。
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