CN105188680A - GnRH类似物的持续释放脂质预浓缩物和含有其的药物组合物 - Google Patents
GnRH类似物的持续释放脂质预浓缩物和含有其的药物组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种药物组合物,其包含:a)至少一种具有带有至少两个以上-OH(羟基)基团的极性头的脱水山梨醇不饱和脂肪酸酯;b)至少一种磷脂;c)至少一种液晶硬化剂,所述至少一种液晶硬化剂不含可离子化基团,并且在疏水结构部分中具有15至40个碳原子的三酰基或碳环结构;和d)至少一种GnRH(促性腺激素释放激素)类似物作为药理学活性物质,其中所述脂质预浓缩物在不存在水性流体时作为液相存在并且在存在水性流体时形成液晶。所述药物组合物被配置成增强所述药理学活性物质GnRH类似物的持续释放。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及包含GnRH类似物作为药理学活性物质的持续释放脂质预浓缩物和包含其的药物组合物。
背景技术
持续释放制剂被设计成以预定速率释放单一剂量的药理学活性物质以便在血流中保持有效浓度的所述物质达特定时期,从而使由多剂量引起的副作用最小。
考虑到其治疗机制及物理和化学性质,促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)衍生物是被设计为持续释放制剂的药理学活性物质的代表。
促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)或促黄体激素释放激素(LHRH)是由下丘脑神经血管末端中的神经元合成并释放的神经内分泌肽。一旦被从下丘脑释放出来,GnRH选择性结合垂体前叶促性腺激素细胞的膜上的特定受体,从而诱导促卵泡激素(FSH)和促黄体生成激素(LH)的生物合成和释放。FSH和LH的作用是调节男性和女性中来自性腺的性类固醇的产生。由于GnRH的生物学功能,其类似物可以用于治疗性激素依赖性疾病,如前列腺癌(prostatecancer)、乳腺癌(breastcancer)、卵巢癌(ovariancancer)、子宫内膜异位症(endometriosis)、子宫纤维瘤(uterinefibroid)、多囊卵巢综合征(polycysticovarysyndrome)、多毛症(hypertrichosis)、早熟青春期(precociouspuberty)、促性腺激素细胞垂体腺瘤(gonadotrophpituitaryadenomas)、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(sleepapneasyndrome)、肠易激综合征(irritablebowelsyndrome)、经前期综合征(premenstrualsyndrome)、良性前列腺增生(benignprostatichyperplasia)和不育(infertility)。
Depot是可商购的用于持续释放GnRH类似物醋酸亮丙瑞林(leuprolideacetate)的肌内或皮下注射剂,以可生物降解的PLGA[聚(乳酸-共-乙醇酸)]微粒递送为持续释放基质。通常,PLGA微粒在体内在特定的时期内降解成乳酸和乙醇酸,从而以持续方式释放其中负载的药理学活性物质(美国专利号5,480,656)。然而,不但PLGA微粒的制备过程是复杂且困难的,而且药理学活性物质以显著差的效率负载在其中。另外,由于PLGA微粒难以过滤除菌,并且在40℃以上熔融,因此不能以常规方法实现对其的除菌,而是需要高度无菌条件。理想的持续释放模式是使用两种以上不同的PLGA微粒获得的,然而,这使制备和混合的过程进一步复杂(WO2005/074896),增加生产成本。另外,乙酸杂质和PLGA微粒的酸性降解产物诱导炎症并降低细胞生长速率(K.Athanasiou,G.G.Niederauer,和C.M.Agrawal,Biomaterials,17,93(1996))。为了持续释放,以显著量注射在水溶液中的10~100μmPLGA微粒的悬浮液,但是这在注射部位产生疼痛或组织损伤。
介绍为用于GnRH类似物(醋酸亮丙瑞林)的持续释放注射制剂,其弥补了基于PLGA微粒的持续释放制剂的问题。作为皮下注射剂广泛销售,其通过将具有保护的羧基末端的PLGA[聚(DL-丙交酯-共-乙交酯)]与GnRH类似物(醋酸亮丙瑞林)溶解在N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(NMP)中而制备。作为可流动组合物存在,其可以通过将可生物降解的组合物溶解在极性非质子溶剂中而制备,并且被设计为部分改善固体PLGA微粒制剂的缺点的皮下注射剂(美国专利号6,773,714)。由于没有完全预填充的注射器设备供应,这种商业产品应用性非常差,并且对混合溶液表现出低的药物稳定性。在该产品中提供的装置包括可以彼此连接的两个注射器,以及混合、制备和注射工具。直到进行多于约10个步骤才能获得最终的混合物溶液,并且仅给予从制备到注射的完整过程30分钟。另外,该产品必须保存在冰箱中,并且除非保存在冰箱中,否则超过5天最终混合的溶液就不能使用了。此外,关于高的初始突释(initialburst),在该产品中没有观察到改进,高的初始突释是PLGA微粒制剂的典型缺点。相反,与PLGA微粒制剂Depot相比,该产品表现出更高的初始突释浓度(美国专利号6,773,714)。在功能上和毒理学上,极大超过药物可以作用的浓度的初始突释浓度都是不理想的。特别考虑到GnRH类似物的机制(其中性激素释放在初始给药阶段暂时增加,然后从某个时间点下调),必须避免过大的初始突释浓度。
作为对PLGA微粒制剂的问题的备选解决方案,国际专利公布号WO2005/117830描述了一种预制剂,其包含至少一种中性二酰基脂质和/或至少一种生育酚,至少一种磷脂,和至少一种生物相容的、含氧的、低粘度的有机溶剂。另一种备选方案记述在国际专利公布号WO2006/075124中,其涉及包含至少一种二酰基甘油、至少一种磷脂酰胆碱、至少一种含氧有机溶液和至少一种GnRH类似物的预制剂。这些预制剂允许药理学活性物质在体内持续释放四周,并且从其聚合物系统不会形成乳酸或乙醇酸降解产物,因此不引起疼痛或炎症。然而,所述制剂有这样的问题:使用二酰基脂质(所述预制剂的一种必要成分)作为药物赋形剂是不可用的,并且需要证明其是充分安全的,并且其必须的有机溶剂导致一些药理学活性物质活性的减少(H.Ljusberg-Wahre,F.S.Nielse,298,328-332(2005);H.Sah,Y.Bahl,JournalofControlledRelease(可控释放杂志)106,51-61(2005))。
最后,本发明人提出了一种持续释放脂质预浓缩物,其包含:a)脱水山梨醇不饱和脂肪酸酯;b)磷脂;和c)液晶硬化剂,以及包含所述预浓缩物的药物组合物(韩国专利申请号10-2012-0093677)。与常规预浓缩物相比,这种持续释放脂质预浓缩物表现出相同或更高水平的体内安全性和生物降解性,并且发现所述药物组合物允许持续释放其中负载的药理学活性物质。
此外,本发明人进一步的研究导致了这样的发现:当应用到持续释放脂质预浓缩物时,GnRH类似物可以以持续的方式以足以在体内充当药理学活性物质的浓度释放,从而产生了本发明。
在下文中给出与本申请相关的现有技术的描述。
美国专利号7,731,947公开了一种组合物,其包括:包含干扰素、蔗糖、甲硫氨酸和柠檬酸盐缓冲液的颗粒制剂,包含溶剂(诸如苯甲酸苄酯)的悬浮液,其中所述颗粒制剂被分散在悬浮液中,表明GnRH类似物可以应用于其。在一个实施例中,描述了磷脂酰胆碱连同维生素E(生育酚)一起溶解在有机溶剂中并用于将颗粒制剂分散在其中。然而,该组合物与本发明不同,因为该组合物用于分散固体颗粒并且不允许形成液晶。
美国专利号7,871,642记述了制备用于递送药理学活性物质的分散体的方法,所述方法包括激素配制,将磷脂、含有聚氧乙烯的辅助乳化剂、甘油三酯和乙醇的均质混合物分散在水中,其中含有聚氧乙烯的表面活性剂选自聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯(聚山梨醇酯)和聚乙氧基化的维生素E衍生物。分别通过将亲水聚合物聚氧乙烯缀合到脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯和维生素E衍生的聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯和聚乙氧基化的维生素E衍生物在结构上非常不同于脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯和维生素E。它们通常被用作亲水表面活性剂,利用聚氧乙烯的性质,其不同于本发明的组分。
美国专利号5,888,533记述了用于在身体内原位形成固体可生物降解植入物的可流动组合物,其包含:非聚合的水不溶性可生物降解材料;和生物相容的有机溶剂,所述生物相容的有机溶剂至少部分地使所述非聚合的水不溶性可生物降解的材料溶解,并且在水或体液中是可混溶的或可分散的,并在放置在体内后能够从组合物扩散出或浸出到体液中,由此所述非聚合的材料凝结或沉淀以形成固体植入物。在该组合物中,甾醇、胆甾醇酯、脂肪酸、脂肪酸甘油酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯、脂肪醇、脂肪醇与脂肪酸的酯、脂肪酸的酸酐、磷脂、羊毛脂、羊毛脂醇及其组合被描述为非聚合材料,并且使用乙醇作为溶剂。然而,与本发明的不同在于,该组合物不能形成液晶,并且被设计成通过水不溶性材料的简单凝结或沉淀形成固体植入物,并且必然使用许多有机溶剂。
发明内容
技术问题
因此,本发明的目的是提供基于具有带有至少两个-OH(羟基)基团的极性头的脱水山梨醇不饱和酯的药物组合物,其具有显著的高安全性和生物降解性,并且以有利于注射施用的液态存在,而当暴露于水性流体时形成液晶,从而增强GnRH类似物在体内的持续释放。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物可以在不产生疼痛、炎症和初始突释浓缩物(在常规制剂中报道的问题)的情况下注射。
问题的解决方案
根据其一个方面,本发明提供一种药物组合物,其包含:a)至少一种脱水山梨醇不饱和脂肪酸酯;b)至少一种磷脂;c)至少一种液晶硬化剂;和d)至少一种GnRH类似物,作为药理学活性物质,其中所述组合物在不存在水性流体时作为液相存在并且在存在水性流体时形成液晶。
以下,将给出每种成分的详细描述。
a)脱水山梨醇不饱和脂肪酸酯
为了在本发明中用作液晶形成剂,所述脱水山梨醇不饱和脂肪酸酯优选地在极性头中具有两个以上的-OH(羟基)基团。该脱水山梨醇不饱和脂肪酸酯由下述化学式1表示。化学式1的化合物是脱水山梨醇单酯,其中R1=R2=OH,R3=R;和脱水山梨醇二酯,其中R1=OH,R2=R3=R,R是具有至少一个不饱和键的4-30个碳原子的烷基酯。
[化学式1]
在本发明中导致液晶形成的脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯,不同于常规对应物如下述化学式2的甘油酸油醇酯(OG),甘油酸植烷酯(PG)和甘油单油酸酯(GMO),甘油二油酸酯(GDO)。即,造成液晶相的常规分子都具有由甘油或甘油酸衍生的极性头和由脂质醇或脂肪酸衍生的非极性尾组成的共同结构。
[化学式2]
然而,造成液晶相的常规分子由于以下缺点而多少难以应用于药物的开发。甘油酸油醇酯(OG)和甘油酸植烷酯(PG),虽然能够容易地形成液晶,但是由于其相对高的毒性而很少用作用于人药物的药物赋形剂。另一方面,甘油单油酸酯(GOM)可用作药用赋形剂,但具有弱的结晶性以致不能形成持续释放药剂所需的液晶。
在如上所述的国际专利公布号WO2005/117830中使用的甘油二油酸酯(GDO)是一种二酰基脂质,其中甘油充当极性头。因为其安全性尚未得到证实,该分子一般不用作药物赋形剂。
随着深入和彻底研究,本发明人发现,脱水山梨醇不饱和脂肪酸酯相对于常规使用的液晶分子甘油或甘油酸衍生物的优点在于它们形成对于药理学活性物质的持续释放非常有效的液晶,具有优异的安全性和生物降解性,并可适用于开发克服了现有技术中遇到的问题的药物产品。为了用于药用组合物,材料必须保证是安全且可生物降解的。另外,生物降解性对于负责体内持续释放的材料是非常重要的因素。如果将使用PLGA的持续释放注射剂设计成释放药理学活性物质达一周,则理想的是,在注射后一周PLGA在体内降解。然而,实际上,PLGA保持不变达一至数月,甚至在持续释放的功能完成后。因此,具有优异的持续释放特性、安全性和生物降解性的本发明的脱水山梨醇不饱和脂肪酸酯适用于在制药工业中具有巨大价值的新的液晶诱导材料。
详细地,本发明的脱水山梨醇不饱和脂肪酸酯可以选自:脱水山梨醇单酯、脱水山梨醇倍半酯、脱水山梨醇二酯及其组合,它们可以来源于可获得自鲸油和鱼油以及植物油(例如,椰子油、蓖麻油、橄榄油、花生油、菜籽油、玉米油、芝麻油、棉籽油、大豆油、葵花子油、红花油、亚麻籽油等)和动物油脂(例如,乳脂、猪油、牛脂)的脂肪酸。
脱水山梨醇单酯是其中一个脂肪酸基团经由酯键与脱水山梨醇结合的化合物,并且可以选自脱水山梨醇单油酸酯、脱水山梨醇单亚油酸酯、脱水山梨醇单棕榈油酸酯、脱水山梨醇单肉豆蔻脑酸酯及其组合。
脱水山梨醇倍半酯是其中平均1.5个脂肪酸基团经由酯键与脱水山梨醇结合的化合物,并且可以选自脱水山梨醇倍半油酸酯、脱水山梨醇倍半亚油酸酯、脱水山梨醇倍半棕榈油酸酯、脱水山梨醇倍半肉豆蔻脑酸酯及其组合。
脱水山梨醇二酯是其中两个脂肪酸基团经由酯键与脱水山梨醇结合的化合物,并且可以选自脱水山梨醇二油酸酯、脱水山梨醇二亚油酸酯、脱水山梨醇二棕榈油酸酯、脱水山梨醇二肉豆蔻脑酸酯及其组合。
为了用于本发明,脱水山梨醇不饱和脂肪酸酯优选选自脱水山梨醇单油酸酯、脱水山梨醇单亚油酸酯、脱水山梨醇单棕榈油酸酯、脱水山梨醇单肉豆蔻脑酸酯、脱水山梨醇倍半油酸酯及其组合。
b)磷脂
常规技术中,磷脂对于层状结构如脂质体的构建是必要的,但自身不能形成非层状相结构,如液晶。然而,磷脂可以参与液晶形成剂驱动的非层状相结构的形成,起稳定所得的液晶的作用。
本发明中有用的磷脂来源于植物或动物,并且含有具有极性头的4至30个碳原子的饱和或不饱和烷基酯基团。根据极性头的结构,磷脂可以选自磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酸、鞘磷脂及其组合。
磷脂发现于植物和动物如大豆和蛋中。在磷脂中,导致疏水尾部的长的烷基酯基团包括饱和脂肪酸链,如单棕榈酰基和二棕榈酰基、单肉豆蔻酰基和二肉豆蔻酰基、单月桂酰基和二月桂酰基以及单硬脂酰基和二硬脂酰基,和不饱和脂肪酸链,如单亚油酰基或二亚油酰基、单油酰基和二油酰基、单棕榈油酰基和二棕榈油酰基、单肉豆蔻脑酰基和二肉豆蔻脑酰基。饱和的和不饱和的脂肪酸酯可以共存在磷脂中。
c)液晶硬化剂
本发明的液晶硬化剂本身不能形成非层状结构(这与液晶形成剂不同),也不能形成诸如脂质体的层状结构(这与磷脂不同)。然而,液晶硬化剂通过增加非层状结构的曲率从而增强油和水的有序共存而有助于液晶形成剂驱动的非层状相结构的形成。为了该功能,有利地需要液晶硬化剂在其分子结构内部具有高度限定的极性结构部分和庞大的非极性结构部分。
然而,在实践中,可以仅通过直接和重复的实验选择可注射到身体中的生物相容性分子作为本发明的液晶硬化剂。作为结果,适合于本发明组合物的液晶硬化剂具有这样的分子结构,所述分子结构彼此不同并且因而不能解释为仅具有一种分子结构。通过观察所有鉴定的液晶硬化剂而推断出的共同的结构特征是,它们不含可离子化的基团,如羧基和胺基,并具有疏水结构部分,所述疏水结构部分包含具有15到40个碳原子的大的三酰基或碳环结构。本发明的液晶硬化剂的优选实例可以不含可离子化的基团,如羧基和胺基,并具有至多一个羟基和酯基团作为弱极性头,具有疏水结构部分,所述疏水结构部分包含具有20至40个碳原子的大的三酰基或碳环结构。本发明的液晶硬化剂的实例可包括,但不限于,甘油三酯、棕榈酸视黄酯、生育酚乙酸酯、胆甾醇、苯甲酸苄酯、泛醌及其组合。优选地,所述液晶硬化剂可以选自生育酚乙酸酯、胆甾醇及其组合
d)GnRH类似物
GnRH类似物在结构上与GnRH类似,但是在体内以不同的方式起作用。整体上,在脉冲式分泌后,GnRH执行生物学功能以诱导性类固醇的产生,而GnRH类似物用于在体内有效抑制性类固醇的产生达特定的时间。
根据其作用机制,GnRH类似物可以分成激动剂和拮抗剂。当以治疗剂量施用给人体时,GnRH激动剂初始与垂体的GnRH受体结合,以刺激促卵泡激素(FSH)和促黄体生成激素(LH)的生物合成和分泌。然而,继续施用GnRH激动剂导致促性腺激素的耗尽和对FSH与LH的生物合成与分泌的抑制,同时下调GnRH受体。基于GnRH的生物学功能,GnRH类似物可以用于治疗性激素依赖性疾病,如前列腺癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、子宫内膜异位症、子宫纤维瘤、多囊卵巢综合征、多毛症、早熟青春期、促性腺激素细胞垂体腺瘤、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、肠易激综合征、经前期综合征、良性前列腺增生和不育,并且可以用作避孕药。
作为本发明的药理学活性物质的GnRH激动剂可以选自亮丙瑞林(leuprolide),性瑞林(goserelin),曲普瑞林(triptorelin),萘法瑞林(nafarelin),布舍瑞林(buserelin),组氨瑞林(histrelin),地洛瑞林(deslorelin),美替瑞林(meterelin),高那瑞林(gonadrelin),及其药用盐。优选地,药理学活性物质可以选自亮丙瑞林,性瑞林及其药用盐。
另一方面,GnRH拮抗剂与GnRH竞争垂体的GnRH受体,从而阻断GnRH与其受体的结合,由此抑制FSH与LH的生物合成与分泌。作为本发明的药理学活性物质的GnRH拮抗剂的实例包括地加瑞克(degarelix),阿巴瑞克(abarelix),加尼瑞克(ganirelix),西曲瑞克(cetrorelix),及其药用盐。优选地,所述药理学活性物质可以选自亮丙瑞林、性瑞林及其药用盐。
在本发明的药物组合物中,适于液晶形成的组分a)与b)之间的重量比为10:1至1:10,并且优选为5:1至1:5。a)+b)与c)的重量比落入100:1至1:1的范围内,并且优选落入50:1至2:1的范围内。给出这些重量范围,所述组分有效地保证液晶的持续释放,并且持续释放行为可以通过调节该比率来控制。适合于提供GnRH类似物的持续释放的a)+b)+c)与d)的重量比为10,000:1至1:1,并且优选为1,000:1至1:1。
优选地,本发明的药物组合物包含:9~90重量%的量的a);9~90重量%的量的b);0.1~50重量%的量的c);和0.01~50重量%的量的d)。
在药理学活性物质是亮丙瑞林的另一个实施方案中,所述药物组合物包含:9~64重量%的量的a);18~76重量%的量的b);1~36重量%的量的c);和0.1~50重量%的量的d)亮丙瑞林或其药用盐,但不限于此。
在药理学活性物质是性瑞林的另一个实施方案中,所述药物组合物包含:9~64重量%的量的a);18~76重量%的量的b);1~36重量%的量的c);和0.1~50重量%的量的d)性瑞林或其药用盐,但不限于此。
在药理学活性物质是地加瑞克的另一个实施方案中,所述药物组合物包含:9~64重量%的量的a);18~76重量%的量的b);1~36重量%的量的c);和2~50重量%的量的d)地加瑞克或其药用盐,但不限于此。
给出组分a)与d)的含量范围,本发明的药物组合物表现出极好的持续释放行为。
如本文所用,术语“水性流体”旨在包括水和体液,如粘膜液、泪液、汗液、唾液、胃肠液、血管外液、细胞外液、间质液和血浆。当被带至外部环境由水性流体形成的身体表面、区域或腔(例如在体内)中时,本发明的药物组合物经历从液相到具有半固体外观的液晶相的转变。即,本发明的药物组合物在施用到人体之前作为液态存在并且在体内转变成具有持续释放行为的液晶相。
由本发明的药物组合物形成的液晶具有非层状相结构,其中油和水处于有序的混合物和排列中,在内相和外相之间没有差别。油和水的有序排列提供中间相的非层状相结构,这是介于液体和固体之间的中间体物态。
本发明的药物组合物不同于已被广泛用于设计药物制剂的层状结构如胶束、乳剂、微乳剂、脂质体和脂质双层的常规组合物。这种层状结构是采取水包油(o/w)或油包水(w/o)类型的,其中具有内相和外相的排列。
如本文所用的术语“液体结晶”,是指在暴露于水性流体后从预浓缩物形成具有非层状相结构的液晶。
本发明的药物组合物可在室温由a)至少一种液晶形成剂,b)至少一种磷脂,c)至少一种液晶硬化剂,和d)至少一种GnRH类似物制备,并且如果需要,通过加热或使用均化器制备。所述均化器可以是高压均化器、超声均化器、珠磨(beadmill)均化器等。
如上所述,本发明的持续释放脂质预浓缩物可以是这样的药物组合物,其在不存在水性流体时以液相存在并在水性流体存在下形成液晶。由于其转变成可以使用选自注射、涂敷、滴注、填充、口服施用和喷雾的方法施用到身体的药物组合物,本发明的预浓缩物优选地可以被配制成多种剂型,包括注射剂、软膏剂、凝胶剂、洗剂、胶囊剂、片剂、溶液、混悬剂、喷雾剂、吸入剂、滴眼剂、粘合剂、硬膏剂和压敏粘合剂。
具体地,当采取注射途径时,取决于药理学活性物质的性质,本发明的药物组合物可通过皮下或肌内注射或其它注射途径施用。
本发明的药物组合物可以优选地采用选自以下的制剂形式:注射剂、软膏剂、凝胶剂、洗剂、胶囊剂、片剂、溶液、混悬剂、喷雾剂、吸入剂、滴眼剂、粘合剂、硬膏剂和压敏粘合剂,并且更优选地配制成注射剂。
本发明的药物组合物可以通过将药理学活性物质添加到本发明的预浓缩物而制备。当需要时,可以在本发明的药物组合物的制备中使用加热或均化器,但是这不是本发明的限制因素。
本发明的药物组合物的剂量遵循所用的药理学活性物质的公知的剂量,并且可以依据包括患者状况、年龄和性别的多种因素而改变。取决于所述药理学活性物质的性质,其可以口服或肠胃外施用。
根据其另外的方面,本发明预期通过将本发明的药物组合物施用给包括人在内的哺乳动物经由药理学活性物质的持续释放而保持药学功效的方法,和所述药物组合物用于持续释放药理学活性物质的应用。
发明的有益效果
如迄今为止所述,基于脱水山梨醇不饱和脂肪酸酯的本发明的药物组合物是高度安全的,并且在不存在水性流体时以液相存在,并且在暴露于体内的水性流体后迅速转变为液晶。因此,所述药物组合物,相比于固体颗粒相的常规持续释放制剂,可以容易地施用,表现出优异的GnRH类似物的持续释放,而没有副作用,如疼痛和炎症。
附图简述
图1显示实施例2、6、9和12的组合物在暴露于水性流体后的相变行为。
图2显示在水性流体中形成的实施例2和6的组合物的液晶结构。
图3显示实施例2和比较例1的组合物的体内药物释放行为。
图4显示实施例6和比较例2的组合物的体内药物释放行为。
发明的实施方式
下述非限制性实施例用于说明本发明的选择的实施方案。应当理解,显示的组分的要素的比例和备选物的变化对于本领域技术人员将是显而易见的,并且在本发明的实施方案的范围内。
在本发明中使用的添加剂和赋形剂满足药典的要求,并且购自Aldrich、Lipoid、Croda和Seppic。
[实施例1-12]药物组合物的制备
以下表1给出的重量比加入脱水山梨醇不饱和脂肪酸酯、磷脂、液晶硬化剂和药理学活性物质。
在实施例1-12中,在保持在20~75℃的水浴中使用均化器(PowerGenmodel125.Fisher)以1000~3000rpm将所述物质均匀混合0.5~3小时。将得到的脂质溶液放置在室温以在25℃达到热平衡,然后向其中加入下述药理学活性物质中的每一种:醋酸亮丙瑞林、醋酸性瑞林和醋酸地加瑞克。然后,使用均化器将所述物质以1,000~3,000rpm均质化约5~30分钟,以制备液相的药物组合物。
[表1]
[比较例1和2]
为了配制比较例1,含有作为药理学活性物质的醋酸亮丙瑞林的LeuplinDPS(CJ)以3.75mg的量使用。
作为比较例2的制剂,使用11.25mg含有药理学活性物质醋酸亮丙瑞林的LeuplinDPS(CJ)。
[实验例1]药物组合物中药理学活性物质的含量
为了检验实施例中制备的药物组合物是否包含治疗有效浓度的药理学活性物质,通过HPLC定量醋酸亮丙瑞林的含量,如下。
将每种药物组合物以对应于2.5mg醋酸亮丙瑞林的量溶解在流动相(三乙胺缓冲液:乙腈:正丙醇=85:9:6)中,并且以1500rpm离心10分钟,然后通过0.2μm滤器过滤测试样品的上清。为了比较,由醋酸亮丙瑞林标准物制备与所述测试样品具有相同浓度的标准样品。将所述标准样品和测试样品以20μL的注入体积以1.0~1.5mL/min的流速上样到4.6×100mm,3μm填装的L1柱等中,并且使用UV分光计在220nm进行定量分析。由三次测量获得药物组合物中醋酸亮丙瑞林的平均含量(见表2)。
[表2]
如表2中可以看出,在实施例1-8中制备的所有的药物组合物理想地含有在标准含量(100%)±3%内的量的醋酸亮丙瑞林。
[实验例2]在水性流体中形成液晶
进行检验以确认在实施例中制备的药物组合物在水性流体中是否形成理想的液晶。关于此,将处于液相的实施例2、6、9和12的组合物加载到注射器中,然后注射到2gPBS(pH7.4)中。结果显示在图1中。
实施例1-12中制备的药物组合物在不存在水性流体时以液相存在。当注射到水性流体(PBS)中时,液相的药物组合物形成球形的液晶,这表明药理学活性物质GnRH类似物对所述药物组合物形成液晶没有影响。
[实验例3]水性流体中的液晶的结构确定
在偏光显微镜(Motic,BA300Pol)下观察在水性流体中形成的实施例2和6的药物组合物的液晶的结构(图2)。
用实施例2和6的药物组合物中的每个非常薄地覆盖载玻片,并且在schale中在去离子水中放置4小时,以形成液晶。在盖上盖玻片以防止引入空气后,使用偏光显微镜(Motic,BA300Pol)以200x放大率观察载玻片上的测试样品。如图2中可以看出,实施例2和6的药物组合物形成具有典型的六边形晶体结构的液晶,用于极好的持续释放。
当考虑实验例1-3的结果时,即使它们包含具有大分子量和相对高的疏水性的药理学活性物质,本发明的药物组合物也可以在水性流体的存在下形成生理化学稳定的、理想的液晶。
[实验例4]药物组合物的体内PK特征曲线(PKprofile)
在下述测试中检验本发明的药物组合物的体内药物释放行为。
使用一次性注射器,将实施例2和6的药物组合物中的每个以12.5mg/kg的醋酸亮丙瑞林剂量(对应于用于人的28-天剂量)皮下注射到6只SD大鼠(雄性)的背部,所述大鼠为9周龄,平均体重为300g。为了与PLGA微粒制剂的PK特征比较,将比较例1和2的药物组合物以12.5mg/kg的醋酸亮丙瑞林剂量(对应于用于人的28-天剂量)皮下注射到6只SD大鼠(雄性)的背部,所述大鼠为9周龄,平均体重为300g。
使用LC-MS/MS(液相色谱-质谱)监测取自所述SD大鼠的血浆样品中的醋酸亮丙瑞林浓度达28天,以绘制PK特征曲线(药代动力学特征曲线)。取自6只SD大鼠的醋酸亮丙瑞林浓度的平均值绘制在图3和4每幅图的图表中,并且在图3和4每幅图的下部的图中表示为计算的对数值,以检验晚期大鼠血浆的药物浓度的差异。
比较例1和2的药物组合物的SD大鼠中的PK特征曲线显示在图3中。作为实施例2的对照(参比药物),比较例1是3.75mg的LeuplinDPS(CJ),其被广泛用作醋酸亮丙瑞林的1-月制剂。与比较例1的对照(参比药物)相比,实施例2的药物组合物表现出理想的pK行为和极好的持续释放。实施例2的药物组合物具有81ng/mL的初始突释浓度,与比较例1的155ng/mL相比,其减少约一半,由此在初始突释浓度(PLGA微粒制剂的典型问题)方面实现优越的改善。与在施用后5天起PK行为变得不稳定的比较例1的组合物形成对比的是,实施例2的药物组合物保持非常稳定的有效的血浆醋酸亮丙瑞林浓度。
图4显示比较例2和实施例6的药物组合物的SD大鼠中的PK特征曲线。作为实施例6的对照(参比药物),比较例2是11.25mg的LeuplinDPS(CJ),其被广泛用作醋酸亮丙瑞林的3-月制剂。与比较例2的对照(参比药物)相比,实施例6的药物组合物表现出持续释放制剂所需要的理想的pK行为和特别优越的长期的持续释放。比较例2的组合物表现出约是比较例1的三倍高的初始突释浓度,据信这归因于它们之间的药物含量的差异。尽管实施例6的药物组合物在药物含量上是实施例2的药物组合物的3倍高,但是没有观察到初始突释浓度的快速增加,这与比较例2的组合物不同。测量初始突释浓度是114ng/ml,其比在比较例2的组合物的初期测量的484ng/ml小约4倍。另外,比较例2的组合物自施用后10天起具有显著低于在中期至后期的比较例1的组合物的水平的血液醋酸亮丙瑞林水平,绘出不稳定的PK特征曲线。另一方面,实施例6的药物组合物允许血液醋酸亮丙瑞林水平曲线与实施例2的组合物在中期至后期的曲线相似,这证明本发明的药物组合物,即使药物含量增加3倍,也保持极好的长期持续释放。
Claims (23)
1.药物组合物,其包含:
a)至少一种具有带有至少两个以上-OH(羟基)基团的极性头的脱水山梨醇不饱和脂肪酸酯;
b)至少一种磷脂;
c)至少一种液晶硬化剂,所述至少一种液晶硬化剂不含可离子化基团,具有带有三酰基或碳环结构的15至40个碳原子的疏水结构部分;和
d)至少一种GnRH(促性腺激素释放激素)类似物作为药理学活性物质,其中所述脂质预浓缩物在不存在水性流体时作为液相存在并且在存在水性流体时形成液晶。
2.权利要求1的药物组合物,其中所述脱水山梨醇不饱和脂肪酸酯选自由下列组成的组:脱水山梨醇单油酸酯、脱水山梨醇单亚油酸酯、脱水山梨醇单棕榈油酸酯、脱水山梨醇单肉豆蔻脑酸酯、脱水山梨醇倍半油酸酯、脱水山梨醇倍半亚油酸酯、脱水山梨醇倍半棕榈油酸酯、脱水山梨醇倍半肉豆蔻脑酸酯、脱水山梨醇二油酸酯、脱水山梨醇二亚油酸酯、脱水山梨醇二棕榈油酸酯、脱水山梨醇二肉豆蔻脑酸酯及其组合。
3.权利要求1的药物组合物,其中所述脱水山梨醇不饱和脂肪酸酯选自由下列组成的组:脱水山梨醇单油酸酯、脱水山梨醇单亚油酸酯、脱水山梨醇单棕榈油酸酯、脱水山梨醇单肉豆蔻脑酸酯、脱水山梨醇倍半油酸酯及其组合。
4.权利要求1的药物组合物,其中所述磷脂含有4至30个碳原子的饱和或不饱和烷基酯基团,并且选自由下列组成的组:磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰甘油、磷脂酰肌醇、磷脂酸、鞘磷脂及其组合。
5.权利要求4的药物组合物,其中所述磷脂是磷脂酰胆碱。
6.权利要求1的药物组合物,其中所述液晶硬化剂选自由下列组成的组:甘油三酯、棕榈酸视黄酯、生育酚乙酸酯、胆甾醇、苯甲酸苄酯、泛醌及其组合。
7.权利要求1的药物组合物,其中所述液晶硬化剂是生育酚乙酸酯、胆甾醇及其组合。
8.权利要求1的药物组合物,其中所述GnRH类似物是GnRH激动剂或GnRH拮抗剂。
9.权利要求8的药物组合物,其中所述GnRH激动剂选自由下列组成的组:亮丙瑞林、性瑞林、曲普瑞林、萘法瑞林、布舍瑞林、组氨瑞林、地洛瑞林、美替瑞林、高那瑞林、其药用盐以及它们的组合。
10.权利要求8的药物组合物,其中所述GnRH拮抗剂选自由下列组成的组:地加瑞克、阿巴瑞克、加尼瑞克、西曲瑞克、其药用盐以及它们的组合。
11.权利要求1的药物组合物,其中所述GnRH类似物选自由下列组成的组:亮丙瑞林、性瑞林、曲普瑞林、地加瑞克、阿巴瑞克、其药用盐以及它们的组合。
12.权利要求1的药物组合物,其中所述GnRH类似物是亮丙瑞林或其药用盐。
13.权利要求1的药物组合物,其被设计用于预防或治疗性激素依赖性疾病,或作为避孕药。
14.权利要求13的药物组合物,其中所述性激素依赖性疾病选自由下列组成的组:前列腺癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、子宫内膜异位症、子宫纤维瘤、多囊卵巢病、早熟青春期、多毛症、促性腺激素细胞垂体腺瘤、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、肠易激综合征、经前期综合征、良性前列腺增生和不育。
15.权利要求1的药物组合物,其中a)与b)的重量比为10:1至1:10。
16.权利要求1的药物组合物,其中a)+b)与c)的重量比为1,000:1至1:1。
17.权利要求1的药物组合物,其中a)+b)+c)与d)的重量比为10,000:1至1:1。
18.权利要求1的药物组合物,其包含:
a)9~90重量%的量的至少一种具有带有至少两个以上-OH(羟基)基团的极性头的脱水山梨醇不饱和脂肪酸酯;
b)9~90重量%的量的至少一种磷脂;
c)0.1~50重量%的量的至少一种液晶硬化剂,所述至少一种液晶硬化剂不含可离子化基团,并且在疏水结构部分中具有带有15至40个碳原子的三酰基或碳环结构;和
d)0.01~50重量%的量的至少一种GnRH(促性腺激素释放激素)类似物。
19.权利要求1的药物组合物,其包含:
a)9~64重量%的量的至少一种具有带有至少两个以上-OH(羟基)基团的极性头的脱水山梨醇不饱和脂肪酸酯;
b)18~76重量%的量的至少一种磷脂;
c)1~36重量%的量的至少一种液晶硬化剂,所述至少一种液晶硬化剂不含可离子化基团,并且在疏水结构部分中具有带有15至40个碳原子的三酰基或碳环结构;和
d)0.1~50重量%的量的亮丙瑞林或其药用盐。
20.权利要求1的药物组合物,其包含:
a)9~64重量%的量的至少一种具有带有至少两个以上-OH(羟基)基团的极性头的脱水山梨醇不饱和脂肪酸酯;
b)18~76重量%的量的至少一种磷脂;
c)1~36重量%的量的至少一种液晶硬化剂,所述至少一种液晶硬化剂不含可离子化基团,并且在疏水结构部分中具有带有15至40个碳原子的三酰基或碳环结构;和
d)0.1~50重量%的量的性瑞林或其药用盐。
21.权利要求1的药物组合物,其包含:
a)9~64重量%的量的至少一种具有带有至少两个以上-OH(羟基)基团的极性头的脱水山梨醇不饱和脂肪酸酯;
b)18~76重量%的量的至少一种磷脂;
c)1~36重量%的量的至少一种液晶硬化剂,所述至少一种液晶硬化剂不含可离子化基团,并且在疏水结构部分中具有带有15至40个碳原子的三酰基或碳环结构;和
d)2~50重量%的量的地加瑞克或其药用盐。
22.权利要求1的药物组合物,其在制剂中,所述制剂选自由下列组成的组:注射剂、软膏剂、凝胶剂、洗剂、胶囊剂、片剂、溶液、混悬剂、喷雾剂、吸入剂、滴眼剂、粘合剂、硬膏剂和压敏粘合剂。
23.权利要求22的药物组合物,其中所述制剂是注射剂。
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CN113368041A (zh) * | 2020-07-17 | 2021-09-10 | 丽珠医药集团股份有限公司 | 药物组合物、缓释制剂及其制备方法 |
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AU2013371101B2 (en) | 2017-01-05 |
PL2938332T3 (pl) | 2018-08-31 |
PT2938332T (pt) | 2018-04-06 |
NZ710468A (en) | 2016-04-29 |
KR101586791B1 (ko) | 2016-01-19 |
BR112015015518A2 (pt) | 2017-07-11 |
JP2016504353A (ja) | 2016-02-12 |
EP2938332A1 (en) | 2015-11-04 |
KR20140086741A (ko) | 2014-07-08 |
CA2888863C (en) | 2018-04-03 |
DK2938332T3 (en) | 2018-06-06 |
WO2014104791A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
RU2015131107A (ru) | 2017-02-01 |
CA2888863A1 (en) | 2014-07-03 |
PH12015500936B1 (en) | 2015-07-06 |
MX364595B (es) | 2019-05-02 |
MX2015008401A (es) | 2016-02-16 |
RU2646487C2 (ru) | 2018-03-05 |
ES2664598T3 (es) | 2018-04-20 |
EP2938332B1 (en) | 2018-02-21 |
SI2938332T1 (sl) | 2018-10-30 |
EP2938332A4 (en) | 2016-08-17 |
PH12015500936A1 (en) | 2015-07-06 |
TR201806985T4 (tr) | 2018-06-21 |
US10722585B2 (en) | 2020-07-28 |
US20150297726A1 (en) | 2015-10-22 |
NO2938332T3 (zh) | 2018-07-21 |
AU2013371101A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
JP6078660B2 (ja) | 2017-02-08 |
HUE036932T2 (hu) | 2018-08-28 |
LT2938332T (lt) | 2018-05-25 |
CN113350480A (zh) | 2021-09-07 |
BR112015015518B1 (pt) | 2022-08-23 |
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