CN105180819B - Diameter measurement device and its measuring method based on laser displacement sensor - Google Patents
Diameter measurement device and its measuring method based on laser displacement sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN105180819B CN105180819B CN201510687714.9A CN201510687714A CN105180819B CN 105180819 B CN105180819 B CN 105180819B CN 201510687714 A CN201510687714 A CN 201510687714A CN 105180819 B CN105180819 B CN 105180819B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of diameter measurement device based on laser displacement sensor, including pedestal, chucking device and computer, X is installed to one-dimensional guide rail and XY two-dimension translational platforms on pedestal；The first measurement bay is fixed with pedestal, first laser displacement transducer is installed on the first measurement bay；The second measurement bay is equipped with guide rail, second laser displacement transducer is installed on the second measurement bay；The ray of first and second laser displacement sensor is coaxially conllinear；Chucking device includes bearing block, turning arm and lock sleeve, and measured axis can be locked on turning arm, and turning arm is hinged with bearing block, can be around X-axis in yOZ plane internal rotations；First and second laser displacement sensor is connected with computer communication.Its measuring method is：The diameter of axle is measured using the dual sensor of diameter；The tested diameter of axle is perpendicular through laser beam；The measurement range of sensor is improved using comparative measurement method.Measurement range of the present invention is big, versatile, measurement accuracy is high, and can provide specific measured value.
Description
Technical field
It is more particularly to a kind of to be connect for the non-of commercial measurement the invention belongs to the measuring method of axial workpiece and measurement apparatus
Touch diameter measurement device.
Background technology
Axial workpiece is one of most commonly seen part in machining, how quickly, accurately, be efficiently completed measurement and appoint
Business, while and can is competent at the detection of different size axle, is a urgent problem to be solved.At present, it is general in actual production process
Have all over the measuring instrument for being used for diameter of axle detection：Slide measure, go-no go gauge, air-gauge etc..
Generally, the processing of an axial workpiece is often a repeated measurement, adjusts the process of the depth of cut, vernier calliper repeatedly
Chi is then convenient, fast with its measurement, turns into diameter measurement instrument the most universal in production process.However, slide measure is people
Work measurement means, the inaccurate of measuring outside diameter data can be caused unavoidably.In addition, slide measure is restricted by measurement efficiency,
It is difficult competent in the detection of big batch.
Go-no go gauge detection is a kind of very convenient, effective detection means in typical products in mass production detection, and measurement efficiency is high,
Accuracy is good.But go-no go gauge corresponds to the bound of part tolerance band, and specificity is strong, big batch is no doubt good when detecting, but right
Processed in the part of small lot, if detected using go-no go gauge, undoubtedly increase into production cost, lose more than gain.Moreover, go-no go gauge
Seized part can only be provided whether in the margin of tolerance, it is impossible to provide the explicit value of accessory size.For typical products in mass production,
The distribution of size can not be provided.In addition, go-no go gauge detection is contact type measurement, the risk for scratching workpiece both be present, also could
It is irrecoverable and lose original effect because the abrasion of long-term work.
Air-gauge is then a kind of contactless detection means, and measured workpiece phase is perceived by measuring the size of air pressure
It is high for the gap of standard component, measurement accuracy.But in actually measuring, measurement standard part needs and measured piece adjoining dimensions,
Even a kind of non-contact measurement, in calibration procedures, collision is also inevitably produced, influences measurement effect.In addition, gas
Momentum instrument measurement range is small, and versatility is poor.
The content of the invention
The shortcomings that for prior art measuring instrument, the present invention provide one kind can realize measurement range it is big, it is versatile,
High-precision the diameter measurement device and its measuring method based on laser displacement sensor of specific measured value can be provided, so as to
The problem of overcoming existing electronic caliper, go-no go gauge, air-gauge etc. to exist, facilitates commercial measurement to use.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, a kind of diameter measurement device based on laser displacement sensor proposed by the present invention
Including pedestal, chucking device and computer, X is installed to one-dimensional guide rail and XY two-dimension translational platforms on the pedestal；The pedestal
On be fixed with the first measurement bay, first laser displacement transducer is installed on first measurement bay；The X is on one-dimensional guide rail
Second laser displacement transducer can be provided with along X to the second measurement bay moved on second measurement bay by being equipped with；Described
The measurement ray of one laser displacement sensor and the second laser displacement transducer is coaxially conllinear；The chucking device includes axle
Bearing, turning arm and lock sleeve, the bearing block are arranged on the XY two-dimension translationals platform, one end of the turning arm with it is described
Bearing block ball-joint, the turning arm can be rotated by the bearing seat supports, the rotary shaft in YOZ planes around X-axis, are tested
Axle is fixed on the other end of the turning arm by the lock sleeve；The chucking device can translate along X-axis, Y-axis；Described
One laser displacement sensor and the second laser displacement transducer are connected with computer communication.
A kind of diameter measurement method based on laser displacement sensor of the present invention, laser displacement sensor is based on using above-mentioned
Diameter measurement device, and comprise the following steps：
Step 1: the position of adjustment sensor and measured axis：Passed in first laser displacement transducer and second laser displacement
One translucent target plate is set between the laser beam that sensor is sent, picture point of two light beams on target plate is extracted using CCD camera
Center point coordinate, and then the skewed error of dual-beam is extracted, make first laser by adjusting the first measurement bay and the second measurement bay
The measurement ray of displacement transducer and the second laser displacement transducer is coaxially conllinear；Tested shaft member is pacified by chucking device
Mounted in the free end of turning arm, the position by adjusting X to one-dimensional guide rail and XY two-dimension translational platforms determines the position of measured axis, and
First laser displacement transducer and second laser displacement transducer is in range ability, lock X to one-dimensional guide rail and XY
Two-dimension translational platform；
Step 2: calibration phase：From the standard gauge block matched with diameter of axle D, the length of the standard gauge block is L, │ D-L │
＜ δ, δ are the ranges of sensor；The standard gauge block is placed in measurement position, makes first laser displacement transducer and second laser
The laser beam that displacement transducer is sent is beaten on the working face of standard gauge block；Rock standard gauge block, computer multiple degrees of freedom
The maximum l of the measured value sum of automatic Picking first laser displacement transducer and second laser displacement transducer1+l2, now,
l1The distance between be the laser that sends of first laser displacement transducer to standard gauge block incidence point, l2It is that second laser displacement passes
The laser that sensor is sent is the distance between to standard gauge block incidence point, and the distance between two pips value is on standard gauge block
The length L of standard gauge block；
Step 3: measuring phases：Swing rotary arm make the diameter of axle position of measured axis by first laser displacement transducer and
The laser beam that second laser displacement transducer is sent, the measurement for completing diameter of axle D is calculated by computer, and in the aobvious of computer
Show screen display；D=L+ (l1-l'1)+(l2-l'2), wherein, l'1It is the laser that sends of first laser displacement transducer to tested
Minimum value between axle incidence point, l'2The laser that sends of second laser displacement transducer between measured axis incidence point most
Small value.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) versatility of measurement：Specificity, the less measurement range of air-gauge compared to go-no go gauge detection, this hair
Bright axle through measurement apparatus can tackle the different diameters of axle, different length axle measurement, it is versatile, measurement range is big, it is not necessary to
Tackle different axles and customize different measuring instruments.
(2) security of measurement：The present invention is penetrated using non-contact measurement by the measurement of laser displacement sensor
Line drawing is tested the metrical information of the diameter of axle.Relative to slide measure, go-no go gauge detect, in the absence of scratch workpiece the problem of, also not
Random error can be produced because the measuring force of different survey crews is different.
(3) accuracy of measurement：Using the laser displacement sensor of high accuracy (micron order) as measurement device, compared to
The measurement of field of industrial measurement is horizontal (0.01 grade), and this measurement apparatus can quickly and accurately provide the diameter of axle of measured axis.
(4) convenience of operation：Measured axis is loaded onto turning arm, adjusts measurement position, measured axis is swung, makes to be tested
Axle is inswept measurement ray, you can the measurement of the diameter of axle is completed, and shows diameter of axle information over the display, it is convenient and swift.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the instrumentation plan of laser triangulation displacement transducer；
Fig. 2-1 is the principle schematic of calibration phase；
Fig. 2-2 is the principle schematic of measuring phases；
Fig. 3 is measurement apparatus structural representation of the present invention.
In figure：1- first lasers displacement transducer, 2- second laser displacement transducers, the measurement bays of 3- first, 4- second are surveyed
Frame is measured, 5-X is to one-dimensional guide rail, 6- lock-screws, 7- turning arms, 8- locking devices, 9- bearing blocks, 10-XY two-dimension translational platforms,
11- is tested shaft member.
Embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described in further detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, described is specific
Only the present invention is explained for embodiment, is not intended to limit the invention.
Fig. 1 is the instrumentation plan of laser triangulation displacement transducer.As illustrated, sensor vertical is emitted a branch of measurement
Ray, measurement ray Returning sensor, can export the distance to sensor exit facet by measured object after tested object plane reflection
Information.But there is a measurement near point and a measurement far point, i.e. the distance between sensor and measured object only in the measurement ray
Have in anomaly lminWith far point away from lmaxBetween when, sensor can just export correct range information.Therefore, the range of sensor
δ seriously governs the measurement capability of the diameter of axle.Therefore, increase measurement range is adapted to the measurement of the different diameters of axle.This just needs cloth
Put two relative laser displacement sensors in laser emitting direction 1 and sensor 2.Whole measurement process is by calibration phase and measurement
Stage forms.As shown in Fig. 2-1, calibration phase：Between the standard gauge block that length is L is placed in into laser beam, sensor 1 and sensing
The two beams measurement ray of device 2 is beaten on two working faces of gauge block respectively, can be with the premise of gauge block positional precision is not considered
Think laser vertical incidence, the distance between two pips are the length L of gauge block.At this point it is possible to obtain sensor 1 and pass
The distance measure l1 and l2 of sensor 2.As shown in Fig. 2-2, measuring phases：Keep sensor 1 and the position of sensor 2 motionless, make
Measured axis vertically then may be used from large to small simultaneously, then change from small to big by inswept laser beam, the indicating value meeting of sensor 1 and sensor 2
To obtain two minimum value l'1、l'2.When obtaining minimum value, the distance between two laser reflection points are the diameter of axle, so as to axle
Footpath D has：D=L+ (l1-l'1)+(l2-l'2), wherein, L be standard gauge block length, l1It is the laser that sends of sensor 1 to standard
The distance between gauge block incidence point, l2The distance between be the laser that sends of sensor 2 to standard gauge block incidence point；l'1It is sensing
The laser that device 1 is sent is to the minimum value between measured axis incidence point, l'2It is the laser that sends of sensor 2 to measured axis incidence point
Between minimum value.
Based on above-mentioned laser displacement sensing measurement principle, a kind of diameter of axle based on laser displacement sensor proposed by the present invention
Measurement apparatus, its structure are led as shown in figure 3, being provided with X including pedestal, chucking device and computer, on the pedestal to one-dimensional
Rail 5 and XY two-dimension translationals platform 10.The first measurement bay 3 is further fixed on the pedestal, first is provided with first measurement bay 3
Laser displacement sensor 1；The X is to being equipped with and can adapt to difference along X to the second measurement bay 4 moved with this on one-dimensional guide rail 5
The measurement of the diameter of axle；Second laser displacement transducer 2 is installed on second measurement bay 4；The first laser displacement transducer 1
It is coaxially conllinear with the measurement ray of the second laser displacement transducer 2, the first laser displacement transducer 1 and described second
Laser displacement sensor 2 is connected with computer communication.
The chucking device includes bearing block 9, turning arm 7 and lock sleeve 8, and it is flat that the bearing block is arranged on the XY two dimensions
In moving stage 10, one end of the turning arm 7 and the ball-joint of bearing block 9, the turning arm 7 are supported by the bearing block 9, institute
State rotary shaft to rotate around X-axis in YOZ planes, to ensure measured axis when scanning perpendicular to laser beam.In the present invention, rotation
Pivoted arm 7 and bearing block 9 by high-precision machining and adjustment, with ensure the axis of measured axis in measurement process perpendicular through
The measurement laser beam that the coaxial conllinear first laser displacement transducer 1 and the second laser displacement transducer 2 are sent.
During measurement, measured axis is locked in the other end of the turning arm 7, swing rotary by the lock sleeve 8
Arm 7, measured axis path position is set to pass through laser beam, you can to complete the measurement of the diameter of axle.Because clamping has the whole of measured axis to be loaded
Device (including rotary shaft 7, locking device 8 and bearing block 9) is integrally fixed on two-dimension translational platform 10, therefore, can be along X-axis, Y-axis
Translation, with adapt to the different diameters of axle, different length axle measurement.
Diameter measurement is carried out using diameter measurement device of the present invention based on laser displacement sensor to comprise the following steps：
Half is set between the laser beam that first laser displacement transducer 1 and second laser displacement transducer 2 are sent
Transparent target plate, the center point coordinate of picture point of two light beams on target plate is extracted using CCD camera, and then extract the deflection of dual-beam
Error, it can ensure that first laser displacement transducer 1 and described second swashs by adjusting the first measurement bay 3 and the second measurement bay 4
The measurement ray of Optical displacement sensor 2 is coaxially conllinear.
Because the range of laser displacement sensor is limited, in order to adapt to the measurement of the different diameters of axle, before measurement, pass through regulation
Measured axis is placed at correct position to the position of one-dimensional guide rail 5 and XY two-dimension translationals platform 10, makes first laser displacement sensing by X
Device 1 and second laser displacement transducer 2 are in range ability, now, X are locked to one-dimensional guide rail 5 using lock-screw 6；
Then start to measure；
The process of diameter measurement includes calibration phase and measuring phases.Wherein：
Calibration phase：From the standard gauge block matched with diameter of axle D, the length of the standard gauge block is L, and │ D-L │ ＜ δ, δ are
The range of sensor；The standard gauge block is placed in measurement position, passes first laser displacement transducer 1 and second laser displacement
The laser beam that sensor 2 is sent is beaten on the working face of standard gauge block, rocks standard gauge block multiple degrees of freedom, and computer can be automatic
Pick up the maximum l of the measured value sum of first laser displacement transducer 1 and second laser displacement transducer 21+l2, now, l1
The distance between be the laser that sends of first laser displacement transducer 1 to standard gauge block incidence point, l2It is that second laser displacement passes
The laser that sensor 2 is sent is the distance between to standard gauge block incidence point, and the distance between two pips value is on standard gauge block
For the length L of standard gauge block；
Measuring phases：Tested shaft member is fixed on to the free end of turning arm 7 by chucking device, swing rotary arm 7 make by
The laser beam that the diameter of axle position of axle is sent by first laser displacement transducer 1 and second laser displacement transducer 2 is surveyed, is passed through
Computer calculates the measurement for completing diameter of axle D, and is shown on computer screen；Diameter of axle D=L+ (l1-l'1)+(l2-l'2),
Wherein, l'1It is the laser that sends of first laser displacement transducer 1 to the minimum value between measured axis incidence point, l'2It is second sharp
The laser that Optical displacement sensor 2 is sent is to the minimum value between measured axis incidence point.
Although above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, invention has been described, and the invention is not limited in above-mentioned specific implementation
Mode, above-mentioned embodiment is only schematical, rather than restricted, and one of ordinary skill in the art is at this
Under the enlightenment of invention, without deviating from the spirit of the invention, many variations can also be made, these belong to the present invention's
Within protection.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of diameter measurement method based on laser displacement sensor, the diameter measurement used based on laser displacement sensor
The structure of device, including pedestal, chucking device and computer, X is installed flat to one-dimensional guide rail (5) and XY two dimensions on the pedestal
Moving stage (10)；The first measurement bay (3) is fixed with the pedestal, first laser displacement is installed on first measurement bay (3)
Sensor (1)；The X is to be equipped with one-dimensional guide rail (5) can be along X to the second measurement bay (4) moved, second measurement bay
(4) second laser displacement transducer (2) is installed on；The first laser displacement transducer (1) and the second laser displacement
The measurement ray of sensor (2) is coaxially conllinear；The chucking device includes bearing block (9), turning arm (7) and lock sleeve (8), institute
State bearing block to be arranged on the XY two-dimension translationals platform (10), one end and the bearing block (9) ball pivot of the turning arm (7)
Connect, the turning arm (7) is supported by the bearing block (9), and the turning arm can rotate in YOZ planes around X-axis, and measured axis leads to
Cross the other end that the lock sleeve (8) is fixed on the turning arm (7)；The chucking device can translate along X-axis, Y-axis；It is described
First laser displacement transducer (1) and the second laser displacement transducer (2) are connected with computer communication；Diameter measurement method
Comprise the following steps：
Step 1: the position of adjustment sensor and measured axis：
Half is set between the laser beam that first laser displacement transducer (1) and second laser displacement transducer (2) are sent
Transparent target plate, the center point coordinate of picture point of two light beams on target plate is extracted using CCD camera, and then extract the deflection of dual-beam
Error, swash first laser displacement transducer (1) and described second by adjusting the first measurement bay (3) and the second measurement bay (4)
The measurement ray of Optical displacement sensor (2) is coaxially conllinear；Tested shaft member is arranged on to the freedom of turning arm (7) by chucking device
End, the position of measured axis is determined by the position for adjusting X to one-dimensional guide rail (5) and XY two-dimension translationals platform (10), and makes first to swash
Optical displacement sensor (1) and second laser displacement transducer (2) are in range ability, lock X to one-dimensional guide rail (5) and XY
Two-dimension translational platform；
Step 2: calibration phase：From the standard gauge block matched with diameter of axle D, the length of the standard gauge block is L, │ D-L │ ＜ δ,
δ is the range of sensor；The standard gauge block is placed in measurement position, makes first laser displacement transducer (1) and second laser
The laser beam that displacement transducer (2) is sent is beaten on the working face of standard gauge block；Standard gauge block is rocked multiple degrees of freedom, is calculated
The maximum l of the measured value sum of machine automatic Picking first laser displacement transducer (1) and second laser displacement transducer (2)1+
l2, now, l1The distance between be the laser that sends of first laser displacement transducer (1) to standard gauge block incidence point, l2It is second
The laser that laser displacement sensor (2) is sent the distance between to standard gauge block incidence point, on standard gauge block two pips it
Between distance value be standard gauge block length L；
Step 3: measuring phases：Swing rotary arm (7) makes the diameter of axle position of measured axis pass through first laser displacement transducer (1)
The laser beam sent with second laser displacement transducer (2), the measurement for completing diameter of axle D is calculated by computer, and calculated
The display screen display of machine；
D=L+ (l1-l'1)+(l2-l'2), wherein, l'1It is that the laser that first laser displacement transducer (1) is sent enters to measured axis
Minimum value between exit point, l'2It is the laser that sends of second laser displacement transducer (2) to the minimum between measured axis incidence point
Value.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106767464A (en) * | 2017-03-14 | 2017-05-31 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | non-contact thickness measuring device and method |
| TWI632344B (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2018-08-11 | 國立虎尾科技大學 | An optical detecting apparatus for detecting a degree of freedom error of a shaft and a method thereof (2) |
| TWI633274B (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2018-08-21 | 國立虎尾科技大學 | An optical detecting apparatus for detecting a degree of freedom error of a shaft and a method thereof (1) |
| CN106989699B (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2023-01-17 | 广东省计量科学研究院（华南国家计量测试中心） | Laser centering instrument calibration equipment and method for measuring indication error of laser centering instrument through laser centering instrument calibration equipment |
| CN107421473A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-12-01 | 南京理工大学 | The two beam laser coaxial degree detection methods based on image procossing |
| CN110044313A (en) * | 2019-04-26 | 2019-07-23 | 江苏理工学院 | Axial part measurer and its measurement method based on sensing technology |
| CN112985322B (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2024-01-02 | 年贺勋 | Method for detecting connecting rod of forging piece of internal combustion engine by establishing digital-analog |
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| KR20090019930A (en) * | 2007-08-22 | 2009-02-26 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | Device and method for measuring the inner diameter of ring gear in the noncontact mode |
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| CN103424071A (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2013-12-04 | 北京理工大学 | Inner bore measuring head inherent geometrical parameter calibration method based on laser triangulation |
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