CN112985322B - Method for detecting connecting rod of forging piece of internal combustion engine by establishing digital-analog - Google Patents
Method for detecting connecting rod of forging piece of internal combustion engine by establishing digital-analog Download PDFInfo
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- CN112985322B CN112985322B CN202110174764.2A CN202110174764A CN112985322B CN 112985322 B CN112985322 B CN 112985322B CN 202110174764 A CN202110174764 A CN 202110174764A CN 112985322 B CN112985322 B CN 112985322B
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005094 computer simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/08—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness for measuring thickness
Abstract
A method for detecting a connecting rod of an internal combustion engine forging by establishing digital and analog belongs to the technical field of testing, wherein a contact type displacement sensor, a laser micro-tester and a computer are adopted to detect the connecting rod of the internal combustion engine by establishing digital and analog, and the contact type displacement sensor determines a big head reference plane and a small head symmetry plane by measuring the thicknesses of two ends of the big head and the small head so as to obtain the symmetry degree of the big head and the small head of the connecting rod; and scanning the thickness of the rod body through a laser micro-tester, determining the symmetrical center curve of the rod body and a big head reference plane, and obtaining the deflection of the rod body. The detection method can effectively reduce detection errors, has high detection speed and saves regional manpower.
Description
Technical field:
the invention belongs to the technical field of testing, and relates to a method for detecting a connecting rod of an internal combustion engine.
The background technology is as follows:
the connecting rod of the reciprocating piston type internal combustion engine comprises a big head, a small head and a rod body for connecting the big head and the small head, wherein the big head is annular. In the manufacturing process of the forging connecting rod, the forging connecting rod is deformed to different degrees after the working procedures of rough forging, finish forging, trimming, shaping, wind cooling, heat treatment, shot blasting and the like.
In order to ensure the quality of products, the thickness of the big end and the thickness of the small end of the connecting rod, the symmetry degree of the big end and the small end, the deflection (bending) of the rod body and other dimensions, shape and position tolerance are required to be detected.
At present, the manual detection condition of the connecting rod and the problems are that:
1. detection tool and detection method
The detection tool consists of a detection plate and a through end clamping plate. The distance between the lower surface of the clamping plate and the detection plate is the deflection limit deviation size. The left side of the detection plate is provided with a symmetry detection boss.
1.1 shaft deflection detection
The operator places the connecting rod on the detection plate, and pushes the connecting rod to pass through the clamping plate of the detection tool while one surface faces upwards; after the detection tool passes through the detection tool, the connecting rod is turned over, the other surface faces upwards, the actions are repeated, and the second detection tool is a qualified connecting rod. The single-sided failed connecting rod can not pass through the tooling to be a deflection failure connecting rod.
1.2 detection of degree of symmetry of the size head
The unqualified connecting rod is also subjected to symmetry detection. The small end of the connecting rod bent downwards is placed on a boss (at the left side of the detection plate) with limit deviation of symmetry degrees of the large end and the small end.
The big end of the connecting rod is pressed by hand. Checking whether the small end of the connecting rod on the boss has a gap, and if the gap is large, the symmetry degree of the small end is unqualified.
1.3 detection of the thickness of the big and small heads
The thickness of the big end and the small end of the connecting rod is manually detected by using a caliper.
2. Major factors affecting detection accuracy
2.1 actual thickness of big and small heads
If the thickness of the large head and the small head is thinned, the connecting rod with unqualified deflection can pass through the detection tool.
2.2 shaft thickness
If the thickness of the rod body is thinned, the connecting rod with the same deflection can pass through the detection tool. When the deflection is thickened, the deflection qualified connecting rod can not pass through the clamping plate.
2.3, no reasonable detection reference exists, and the error of the detection result is larger.
The invention comprises the following steps:
the invention aims to solve the technical problem of disclosing a detection method for a connecting rod of an internal combustion engine forging by establishing a digital-analog, in particular to a detection method for a connecting rod (forging) of an internal combustion engine.
The technical scheme of the invention is that a workpiece detection plate, a contact displacement sensor, a laser micro-detector and a computer are adopted to detect a connecting rod of an internal combustion engine by establishing digital-analog, wherein the workpiece detection plate is a horizontal plate, a groove is formed in the workpiece detection plate, the shape of the groove follows the small end of the connecting rod, the surface area is larger than the area of the small end of the connecting rod, the depth is larger than the limit deviation of the symmetry degree of the connecting rod, and a hole is formed in the groove; the method comprises the steps that a tested connecting rod is horizontally placed on a workpiece detection plate, a small end of the connecting rod is arranged at a groove of the workpiece detection plate, a transmitting end and a receiving end of a laser micro-detector are respectively arranged at two sides of a rod body of the connecting rod and press the large end of the connecting rod, so that the bottom surface of the large end of the connecting rod is attached to the upper surface of the workpiece detection plate, a contact displacement sensor is respectively arranged above the position, close to the rod body, of an annular ring of the large end of the connecting rod and the position, far from the rod body, of the annular ring of the large end of the connecting rod, a contact displacement sensor is respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the small end of the connecting rod, the positions of the contact displacement sensors at the lower end of the small end of the connecting rod correspond to holes, and the transmitting end and the receiving end of the laser micro-detector are respectively arranged at two sides of the rod body of the connecting rod; the contact displacement sensor and the laser micro-measuring instrument are connected with a computer, a plane rectangular coordinate system is set in the computer, the Y-axis position is consistent with the contact displacement sensor at the small end position of the connecting rod, the X-axis is consistent with the direction of the connecting rod to be measured, and the X-axis is parallel to the workpiece detection plate; measuring 1/2 position data of thickness detection values of the left side and the right side of the annular ring of the large end of the connecting rod through two contact displacement sensors at the large end of the connecting rod, establishing a plane formed by the two point data and a plane perpendicular to a X, Y coordinate system by a computer, taking the plane as a large end reference plane, measuring 1/2 position data of thickness detection values of the small end of the connecting rod through two contact displacement sensors at the small end of the connecting rod, and establishing a plane parallel to a plane of a workpiece detection plate by the computer, taking the plane as a small end symmetry plane; determining the intersection point of the big head reference plane and the Y axis, calculating the absolute value distance difference between the big head reference plane and the small head symmetry plane on the Y axis, wherein the absolute value distance difference is the symmetry degree of the big head and the small head of the connecting rod, and the difference is larger than a set value and is a disqualified product; when the thicknesses of the big end and the small end of the connecting rod are measured, whether the deviation value is within a tolerance range set by a user or not is confirmed, and whether the workpiece of the connecting rod to be measured is qualified or not is judged; setting a scanning starting point D of a laser micro-measuring instrument at a position of a shaft which is 10-15mm away from the small head, moving the laser micro-measuring instrument from the starting point to the right to scan partial symmetrical center data in the thickness direction of the shaft to obtain a shaft symmetrical center curve, moving a coordinate system Y axis to the laser micro-measuring instrument scanning starting point to the right in a computer, establishing another plane rectangular coordinate system X, Y ', determining an intersection point E of a large head reference plane and the Y' axis, finding out the maximum absolute difference value on the shaft symmetrical center curve to be the F point, horizontally moving the F point to the Y 'axis, wherein the absolute value distance difference value between the F point and the intersection point E on the Y' axis is the shaft deflection, and the difference value is larger than the set value to be a defective product. The point F can also be understood as the position of maximum deviation of the shaft symmetry center curve.
Wherein the four sensors are sequentially arranged on the symmetrical center line of the width direction of the connecting rod.
The sensor is calibrated using a standard link (standard calibrated by a metrology center). And (3) transmitting the data of the actually measured standard component into a computer (serving as standard data), establishing a detection mathematical model (determining a reasonable reference plane) by the computer when detecting the connecting rod, calculating the deviation value of the workpiece of the connecting rod to be detected and the standard component, determining whether the deviation value is within a tolerance range set by a user, and judging whether the workpiece of the connecting rod to be detected is qualified.
The big head datum plane can be understood as a plane formed by intersecting straight lines formed by two points and the three-dimensional coordinate Z-axis direction based on the rectangular plane coordinate system, wherein the intersecting straight lines are formed by respectively measuring 1/2 data of thickness detection values of the left side and the right side of the connecting rod big head annular ring through two contact displacement sensors at the big head of the connecting rod.
In practice, the laser micro-measuring instrument only scans the part of the rod body close to the small head, because the rod body bends at the position. Thereby enabling to accelerate the detection speed.
2. Extended application of computer modeling
2.1 translation and rotation of the simplified two-dimensional coordinate axes are performed during high-precision detection. More accurate detection data can be obtained.
2.2 adding the program of establishing mathematical model part to draw the figure of the connecting rod outline. The control tolerance of the two sides of A, B is added in the graph, so that the subsequent end face grinding finishing allowance of the connecting rod can be evaluated. This method can also be used for post-finishing connecting rod inspection, if possible.
The detection method can effectively reduce detection errors, has high detection speed and saves regional manpower.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the detection of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a view A-A of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a coordinate system established in a computer.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
1. calibration of standard connecting rod
The standard connecting rod 3 is placed on the detection plate 1, an external force F is applied to press the big end 4 of the standard connecting rod 3 on the detection plate 1, the small end 5 of the standard connecting rod 3 is positioned at the position of the groove 2 and is in a free state, the standard connecting rod is calibrated by a plurality of contact displacement sensors, wherein the outer sensor 7 is positioned above the position, close to the rod body, of the annular ring of the big end 4 of the connecting rod and the position, far away from the rod body, the inner sensor 8 is positioned above the position, close to the rod body, of the big end 4 of the connecting rod 3, the upper sensor 9 and the lower sensor 10 are positioned at the upper end and the lower end of the small end 5, and the lower sensor 10 corresponds to the hole 12 of the groove 2. And sending the thickness data of the calibrated standard big end 4 and small end 5 into a computer. The sensor clears 0 at the calibrated position.
2. Measurement of thickness of front and rear ends of connecting rod big end
And (3) placing the detected rod 3 on the detection plate 1 at the same position as the standard connecting rod, repeating the step (1) to detect the thickness of the big end 4 and the small end 5, wherein the sum of the detection deviation of the sensor 7 and the thickness of the standard part is the detection value of the thickness of the outer side of the big end 4. The sum of the deviation detected by the sensor 8 and the thickness of the standard is the detection value of the thickness inside the large head 4. Wherein the detection deviation is larger than the set value and is a defective product.
3. Measurement of connecting rod small end thickness
The sum of the deviation detected by the sensors 9, 10 and the thickness of the standard is the thickness detection value of the small head 5. The detection deviation is larger than the set value and is a defective product.
4. Link big end reference plane establishment
The computer determines that the value at 1/2 of the thickness detection value at the outer side of the big end 4 of the detected rod 3 is the point A, and the data at 1/2 of the thickness detection value at the inner side of the big end 4 is the point B; a plane passing through the two points A, B is established by a computer and is used as a reference plane of the big head 4. This plane is also the reference for the detection of the connecting rod process.
5. Establishment of symmetry plane of connecting rod small end
The computer determines that 1/2 of the thickness detection value of the small end 5 of the detection rod 3 is C point;
a plane passing through the point C is established by a computer as a symmetry plane of the small head 5.
1.6 detection of symmetry of big and small ends of connecting rod
A plane rectangular coordinate system is set in a computer, the Y-axis position is consistent with contact displacement sensors 9 and 10 at the position of a small end 5 of a connecting rod, the X-axis is consistent with the direction of a connecting rod 3 to be tested, the X-axis is parallel to a workpiece detection plate 1, a crossing point of a datum plane of the large end 4 and the Y-axis is determined, the crossing point of a symmetrical plane of the small end 5 and the Y-axis is determined, the absolute value distance difference between the datum plane of the large end and the symmetrical plane of the small end on the Y-axis is calculated, the symmetry degree of the large end and the small end of the connecting rod is obtained, and the difference is larger than a set value and is a disqualified product.
7-link body deflection detection
The transmitting end and the receiving end of the laser micro-measuring instrument 11 are respectively arranged at the front side and the rear side of the rod body 6 of the connecting rod 3, (in general, the maximum bending deflection of the rod body of the connecting rod occurs in the region of about 35mm at the side of the rod body close to the small end, which is hereinafter referred to as deflection). The laser micro-meter 11 is composed of a transmitting end and a receiving end. Between the two ends there are several parallel laser beams. The measured connecting rod is arranged between the laser beams, and the micro-measuring instrument passes through or is shielded according to the light beams. And outputting a plurality of different test data for selection by a user. The detection method uses the data of the symmetry center of the shielding part in the thickness direction of the rod body. (see section A-A of FIG. 2). Setting a laser micro-measuring instrument scanning starting point D at a position of the rod body 6 which is 10mm away from the small head, moving the laser micro-measuring instrument 11 from the starting point D to the right to scan partial symmetrical center data in the thickness direction of the rod body to obtain a symmetrical center curve of the rod body 6, moving a coordinate system Y axis to the laser micro-measuring instrument scanning starting point to the right in a computer, establishing another plane rectangular coordinate system X, Y ', determining an intersection point E of a large head reference plane and the Y' axis, finding out the maximum absolute difference value on the symmetrical center curve of the rod body to be the point F, horizontally moving the point F to the Y 'axis, and obtaining the absolute value distance difference value between the point F and the intersection point E on the Y' axis as the deflection of the rod body, wherein the difference value is larger than the set value and is a disqualified product. The point F can also be understood as the position of maximum deviation of the shaft symmetry center curve. Because the maximum bending deflection of the rod body of the connecting rod occurs in the region of the rod body, which is approximately 35mm away from the small head, the detection result of the rod body deflection can be completely reflected by setting the scanning starting point D at the position of the rod body 6, which is 10mm away from the small head, and the detection requirement can be met after the scanning is finished to the middle section position of the rod body, and the coordinate axis Y' is set at the starting point D, so that the maximum deviation position of the symmetrical center curve of the rod body is compared with the difference value of the large head reference plane, and the accuracy of the obtained rod body deflection value is high.
Claims (2)
1. A detection method for an internal combustion engine forging connecting rod by establishing digital-analog is characterized in that: detecting the connecting rod of the internal combustion engine by adopting a workpiece detection plate, a contact displacement sensor, a laser micro-detector and a computer through establishing a digital-analog, wherein the workpiece detection plate is a horizontal plate, a groove is formed in the workpiece detection plate, the shape of the groove is along with the small end of the connecting rod, the surface area is larger than the area of the small end of the connecting rod, the depth is larger than the limit deviation of the symmetry degree of the connecting rod, and a hole is formed in the groove; the method comprises the steps that a tested connecting rod is horizontally placed on a workpiece detection plate, a small end of the connecting rod is arranged at a groove of the workpiece detection plate, a transmitting end and a receiving end of a laser micro-tester are respectively arranged on two sides of a rod body of the connecting rod, and the large end of the connecting rod is pressed tightly, so that the bottom surface of the large end of the connecting rod is attached to the upper surface of the workpiece detection plate, a contact displacement sensor is respectively arranged above the position, close to the rod body, of an annular ring of the large end of the connecting rod and the position, far from the rod body, of the annular ring of the large end of the connecting rod, a contact displacement sensor is respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the small end of the connecting rod, and the positions of the contact displacement sensors at the lower end of the small end of the connecting rod correspond to holes; the contact displacement sensor and the laser micro-measuring instrument are connected with a computer, a plane rectangular coordinate system is set in the computer, the Y-axis position is consistent with the contact displacement sensor at the small end position of the connecting rod, the X-axis is consistent with the direction of the connecting rod to be measured, and the X-axis is parallel to the workpiece detection plate; measuring 1/2 position data of thickness detection values of the left side and the right side of the annular ring of the large end of the connecting rod through two contact displacement sensors at the large end of the connecting rod, establishing a plane formed by the two point data and a plane perpendicular to a X, Y coordinate system by a computer, taking the plane as a large end reference plane, measuring 1/2 position data of thickness detection values of the small end of the connecting rod through two contact displacement sensors at the small end of the connecting rod, and establishing a plane parallel to a plane of a workpiece detection plate by the computer, taking the plane as a small end symmetry plane; determining the intersection point of the big head reference plane and the Y axis, calculating the absolute value distance difference between the big head reference plane and the small head symmetry plane on the Y axis, wherein the absolute value distance difference is the symmetry degree of the big head and the small head of the connecting rod, and the difference is larger than a set value and is a disqualified product; when the thicknesses of the big end and the small end of the connecting rod are measured, whether the deviation value is within a tolerance range set by a user or not is confirmed, and whether the workpiece of the connecting rod to be measured is qualified or not is judged; setting a scanning starting point D of a laser micro-measuring instrument at a position of a shaft which is 10-15mm away from the small head, moving the laser micro-measuring instrument from the starting point to the right to scan partial symmetrical center data in the thickness direction of the shaft to obtain a shaft symmetrical center curve, moving a coordinate system Y axis to the laser micro-measuring instrument scanning starting point to the right in a computer, establishing another plane rectangular coordinate system X, Y ', determining an intersection point E of a large head reference plane and the Y' axis, finding out the maximum absolute difference value on the shaft symmetrical center curve to be the F point, horizontally moving the F point to the Y 'axis, wherein the absolute value distance difference value between the F point and the intersection point E on the Y' axis is the shaft deflection, and the difference value is larger than the set value to be a defective product.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the four sensors are sequentially arranged on a symmetrical center line in the width direction of the connecting rod.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110174764.2A CN112985322B (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2021-02-07 | Method for detecting connecting rod of forging piece of internal combustion engine by establishing digital-analog |
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| CN202110174764.2A CN112985322B (en) | 2021-02-07 | 2021-02-07 | Method for detecting connecting rod of forging piece of internal combustion engine by establishing digital-analog |
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