CN110926379A - Laser scanning long-axis line detection device and measurement method based on reference line - Google Patents
Laser scanning long-axis line detection device and measurement method based on reference line Download PDFInfo
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- CN110926379A CN110926379A CN201911374560.2A CN201911374560A CN110926379A CN 110926379 A CN110926379 A CN 110926379A CN 201911374560 A CN201911374560 A CN 201911374560A CN 110926379 A CN110926379 A CN 110926379A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
- G01B11/27—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of laser scanning long axis straightness detection devices based on a reference straight line, in particular to a laser scanning long axis straightness detection device and method based on the reference straight line. The device aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the measurement difficulty of a long shaft workpiece is high, and the precision of a reference object is low in the measurement process. The workpiece clamping mechanism comprises a head end clamping seat and a tail end clamping seat, workpiece mounting thimbles are coaxially arranged on mounting surfaces opposite to the head end clamping seat and the tail end clamping seat respectively, and auxiliary reference objects parallel to a main shaft are arranged between the clamping mechanisms; a non-contact measuring mechanism is arranged in the direction vertical to the main shaft of the workpiece; and the mounting frame is also provided with a driving mechanism for driving the workpiece to rotate along the central axis of the workpiece. Has the advantages that: the workpiece is firmly fixed, the measurement is accurate, the measurement of the precision data of the long shaft can be realized by adjusting related components, and meanwhile, the measured data has good continuity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of long-axis straightness detection devices, in particular to a laser scanning long-axis straight line detection device and a measurement method based on a reference straight line.
Background
The shaft sleeve type workpiece is generally called a shaft sleeve type part, and is a revolving body type part, the shaft sleeve type workpiece is used as a shaft when a matching part is arranged outside the shaft sleeve type workpiece, and the hole when the matching part is arranged inside the shaft sleeve type workpiece. The measurement of the dimensional accuracy of such workpieces is mainly focused on the measurement of straightness and roundness, because the two accuracy indexes can directly reflect the rejection rate of the workpieces. Therefore, the measuring process of the shaft sleeve type workpiece is more important.
However, in the prior art, for a long-axis workpiece, because the long-axis workpiece is long and difficult to fix, and the long-axis workpiece is easy to bend to a certain extent, the measurement of a shaft sleeve type workpiece has a problem of high measurement difficulty, and meanwhile, because the length of a fixing table for installing and clamping parts is long enough, the precision of a reference datum may not be high enough, and when the precision of the reference datum is low, the measurement precision is difficult to ensure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that in the prior art, the measurement accuracy of a long-axis workpiece is low and the requirement is difficult to meet.
The specific scheme of the invention is as follows:
the workpiece clamping mechanism comprises a head end clamping seat and a tail end clamping seat, workpiece mounting thimbles are coaxially arranged on mounting surfaces opposite to the head end clamping seat and the tail end clamping seat respectively, and an auxiliary reference object parallel to the main shaft is arranged between the workpiece clamping mechanisms; a non-contact measuring mechanism is arranged in the direction vertical to the main shaft of the workpiece to be measured; the sliding base is further provided with a driving mechanism for driving the workpiece to rotate along the central axis of the workpiece, the head end clamping seat and the tail end clamping seat are respectively provided with a locking handle, and the tail end clamping seat is provided with a tip displacement adjusting handle.
In specific implementation, the auxiliary reference object comprises a pull wire with two ends respectively positioned on the clamping seats at the two ends, and a tension maintaining mechanism is connected to the pull wire.
In specific implementation, the tension maintaining mechanism comprises wire pulling wheels arranged at two ends of the wire pulling, the wire pulling wheels are arranged inside the head end clamping seat and the tail end clamping seat, the wire pulling outlet extends outwards, and a coil spring for driving the wheel body to reset is arranged on a wheel shaft of each wire pulling wheel.
In specific implementation, the auxiliary reference object comprises a group of 0-level knife edge rulers arranged right below the workpiece to be measured.
In specific implementation, the base comprises a straight-line-shaped slide rail, the head end clamping seat is fixed on the straight-line-shaped slide rail, the tail end clamping seat is slidably mounted on the straight-line-shaped slide rail, the driving mechanism comprises a clamping thimble mounted on the head end clamping seat and a driving motor driving the clamping thimble to rotate, and a transmission belt is connected between the driving motor and the chuck.
In specific implementation, non-contact measurement mechanism includes the laser scanner, the laser scanner is including the transmitting terminal box body and the receiving terminal box body that are in measured work piece both ends be equipped with the multifaceted mirror of rotation, battery of lens and laser emitter in the transmitting terminal box body be equipped with receiving lens in the receiving terminal box body, receiving lens's focus department sets up the photoelectric tube, the battery of lens includes a set of concave lens and the convex lens of gathering the scattered light into the parallel light.
In specific implementation, a positioning hand wheel for adjusting the position of the clamping needle at the tail end is arranged on the tail end clamping seat.
In specific implementation, the base is further provided with a power mechanism for driving the non-contact measuring mechanism to move, the power mechanism comprises a moving motor and a moving belt driven by the moving motor, and the bottom of the non-contact measuring mechanism is installed on the moving belt through a sliding block.
A measuring method of a long-axis workpiece uses the measuring device, and comprises the following steps:
(1) and (3) mounting the tested workpiece: clamping the workpiece to be measured in clamping mechanisms on two sides, ensuring the workpiece to be stably clamped and simultaneously rotating with the aid of rotating clamping thimbles;
(2) setting an auxiliary reference line: the stay wires with corresponding tension are kept to be in a straight line and parallel to the workpiece to be measured;
(3) measurement: the non-contact type measuring mechanism moves along a measured workpiece, and simultaneously, the measured data is transmitted to a background processing platform for processing, and the specific processing method comprises the following steps:
A. the fine laser beam emitted by the laser is projected onto a multi-surface reflector which rotates at a constant speed, the intersection point of the laser beam and the reflecting mirror surface is positioned on the focus of an f-theta lens group, the focal length of the f-theta lens group is f0, when the multi-surface reflector rotates theta/2, the deflection angle of the reflected laser beam along the axis of the f-theta lens group is theta, the laser beam passes through the f-theta lens group, the output light beam is parallel to the optical axis, and the distance h from the output light beam to the optical axis is f & theta;
B. when the multi-surface magnifier rotates anticlockwise at the angular speed of omega/2, the laser beam output from the f-theta lens group sweeps a measuring area at a constant speed of f & omega from the lower edge to the upper edge of the window;
C. setting the initial time as T0At T0At that time, the laser beam output from the f-theta lens group is swept across the lower edge of the laser scanner window; sweeping the lower edge of the thin straight line at time T1; t is0To T1Time t1The laser beam is not shielded and is focused on the photoelectric tube by the receiving lens, so that the photoelectric tube outputs a high-level signal T2At time T, the laser beam output by the lens sweeps the upper edge of the thin straight line1To T2Time t2In the method, a laser beam is shielded by a thin line, and a photoelectric tube outputs a low-level signal; also at T3、T4、T5At the moment, the laser beam output by the lens sweeps over the lower and upper edges of the object to be measured and the upper edge of the window, respectively, at T2To T3Time t3The inner photoelectric tube outputs high level at T3To T4Time t4The inner photoelectric tube outputs low level at T4To T5Time t5And the photoelectric tube outputs high level, outputs a level diagram, calculates the distance between each edge in the level diagram, and correspondingly calculates the distance from the axis of the measured workpiece to the axis of the reference thin straight line as follows:
substitution into
To obtain
Measuring the straightness, comprising the following steps:
D. the laser moves smoothly from the head end position to the tail end position of the workpiece along the axial direction of the workpiece to be measured, the distance from each position reference straight line to the center of the workpiece is recorded, and the distance between the axis of the head end workpiece and the base alignment line is set to be hsAnd tail end is heAnd the distance between the head end and the tail end is L, the distance between the workpiece and the head end along the axis is x, and the ideal value of the distance between the center of the axis of the workpiece and the reference straight line is as follows:
if the measured value at x is hx, the straightness error at x is:
taking the maximum value of delta (x) between x and L to obtain
F. The workpiece rotates, and the laser scanner measures the maximum straightness of the long shaft:
rotating the workpiece about its axis through an angle α, repeating the measurement process to obtain δ max (α) for the angle;
the maximum value of delta max (α) at different angles α is taken, namely the straightness error of the workpiece is obtained
Replacing the auxiliary reference object in the step (2) with a knife edge ruler, and aligningShould be at T0At the moment, the laser beam output by the lens sweeps the edge of the knife edge ruler; t is1Scanning the lower side of the measured object at any time; t is2Scanning the upper side of the measured object at any time; t is3The time passes over the upper edge of the window. At T0To T1Time t1The inner photoelectric tube outputs high level at T1To T2Time t2The inner photoelectric tube outputs low level at T2To T3Time t3And the photoelectric tube outputs high level.
The distance from the axis of the measured workpiece to the edge of the knife edge ruler is as follows:
substitution into
To obtain
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the workpiece is firmly fixed and accurately measured, the measurement of all data of the stepped shaft can be realized by adjusting related components, and meanwhile, the measured data has good continuity;
the design of the stay wire ensures that a reasonable reference object is arranged, the cost is low, the structure is simple, the maintenance is convenient, the straightness of the stay wire is ensured only by controlling the tension of the stay wire, the measurement of the straightness of the workpiece can be completed by measuring the relative distance between the workpiece and the reference object, and the error brought to the measurement result by the unevenness of the support is overcome;
the invention also relates to the evaluation of the measurement error of the equipment, and the evaluation result is put into an equipment instruction manual after being obtained, so that a tester can conveniently make a reasonable reference
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view from another angle of another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a front view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a left side view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a right side view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a rear view of the structure of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the non-contact measuring mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a corresponding measured photoelectric plot of FIG. 7;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the operation of a non-contact measuring mechanism in another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is the corresponding measured photo graph of FIG. 9;
names of components in the drawings: 1. a linear slide rail; 2. the head end is clamped with a seat; 3. the tail end is clamped with the seat; 4. a workpiece to be tested; 5. a receiving lens; 6. a non-contact measuring mechanism; 7. a transmitting end box body; 8. a receiving end box body; 9. a lens group; 10. a photoelectric tube; 11. a knife edge ruler; 12. a moving motor; 13. a moving belt; 14. a tip displacement adjusting handle; 15. a locking handle; 16. a pull wire; 17. a sliding track; 18. a slider at the bottom of the non-contact measuring mechanism; 19. a driving frame; 20. a transmission belt; 21. positioning a hand wheel; 22. clamping a thimble; 23. a polygon mirror; 24. a motor for driving the polygon mirror; 25. a laser; 26. a support device for moving the motor; 27. a bottom support of the non-contact measuring mechanism; 28. and (7) mounting frames.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
Example 1
A laser scanning long axis straightness detection device taking a reference straight line as a benchmark is disclosed, referring to fig. 1 and fig. 3 to fig. 6, workpiece clamping mechanisms are fixedly installed on two sides of an installation frame, each workpiece clamping mechanism comprises a head end clamping seat and a tail end clamping seat, workpiece installation thimbles are coaxially arranged on installation surfaces opposite to the head end clamping seat and the tail end clamping seat respectively, and auxiliary reference objects parallel to a main shaft are arranged between the workpiece clamping mechanisms; a non-contact measuring mechanism is arranged in the direction vertical to the main shaft of the workpiece to be measured; the sliding base is also provided with a driving mechanism for driving the workpiece to rotate along the central axis of the workpiece, the head end clamping seat and the tail end clamping seat are respectively provided with a locking handle, and the tail end clamping seat is provided with a tip displacement adjusting handle.
The auxiliary reference object comprises a pull wire with two ends respectively positioned on the clamping seats at the two ends, and a tension maintaining mechanism is connected on the pull wire.
The tension maintaining mechanism comprises wire drawing wheels arranged at two ends of a wire drawing, the wire drawing wheels are arranged in a head end clamping seat and a tail end clamping seat, a wire drawing outlet extends outwards, and a wheel shaft of each wire drawing wheel is provided with a coil spring for driving a wheel body to reset.
The auxiliary reference object comprises a group of 0-level cutting edge rulers which are arranged right below the workpiece to be measured.
The base comprises a straight slide rail, the head end of the base is clamped with a base and fixed on the straight slide rail, the tail end of the base is clamped with a base and slidably mounted on the straight slide rail, the driving mechanism comprises a clamping thimble mounted on the head end clamping base and a driving motor driving the clamping thimble to rotate, and a driving belt is connected between the driving motor and the chuck.
Non-contact measurement mechanism includes laser scanner, and laser scanner is equipped with the multifaceted mirror of rotation, battery of lens and laser emitter including being in the transmitting terminal box body and the receiving terminal box body at measured work piece both ends in the transmitting terminal box body, is equipped with receiving lens in the receiving terminal box body, and receiving lens's focus department sets up the photoelectric tube, and the battery of lens includes a set of concave lens and the convex lens that become the parallel light with the scattered light polymerization.
And a positioning hand wheel for adjusting the position of the clamping needle at the tail end is arranged on the tail end clamping seat.
The base is also provided with a power mechanism for driving the non-contact measuring mechanism to move, the power mechanism comprises a moving motor and a moving belt driven by the moving motor, and the bottom of the non-contact measuring mechanism is arranged on the moving belt.
A method of measuring a long-axis workpiece using the measuring apparatus of claim, comprising the steps of:
(1) and (3) mounting the tested workpiece: clamping the workpiece to be measured in clamping mechanisms on two sides, ensuring the workpiece to be stably clamped and simultaneously rotating with the aid of rotating clamping thimbles;
(2) setting an auxiliary reference line: the stay wires with corresponding tension are kept to be in a straight line and parallel to the workpiece to be measured;
(3) measurement: the non-contact type measuring mechanism moves along a measured workpiece, and simultaneously, the measured data is transmitted to a background processing platform for processing, and the specific processing method comprises the following steps:
A. the fine laser beam emitted by the laser is projected onto a multi-surface reflector which rotates at a constant speed, the intersection point of the laser beam and the reflecting mirror surface is positioned on the focus of an f-theta lens group, the focal length of the f-theta lens group is f0, when the multi-surface reflector rotates theta/2, the deflection angle of the reflected laser beam along the axis of the f-theta lens group is theta, the laser beam passes through the f-theta lens group, the output light beam is parallel to the optical axis, and the distance h from the output light beam to the optical axis is f & theta;
B. when the multi-surface magnifier rotates anticlockwise at the angular speed of omega/2, the laser beam output from the f-theta lens group sweeps a measuring area at a constant speed of f & omega from the lower edge to the upper edge of the window;
C. setting the initial time as T0At T0At that time, the laser beam output from the f-theta lens group is swept across the lower edge of the laser scanner window; sweeping the lower edge of the thin straight line at time T1; t is0To T1Time t1The laser beam is not shielded and is focused on the photoelectric tube by the receiving lens, so that the photoelectric tube outputs a high-level signal T2At time T, the laser beam output by the lens sweeps the upper edge of the thin straight line1To T2Time t2In the method, a laser beam is shielded by a thin line, and a photoelectric tube outputs a low-level signal; also at T3、T4、T5At the moment, the laser beam output by the lens sweeps over the lower and upper edges of the object to be measured and the upper edge of the window, respectively, at T2To T3Time t3The inner photoelectric tube outputs high level at T3To T4Time t4The inner photoelectric tube outputs low level at T4To T5Time t5And the photoelectric tube outputs high level, outputs a level diagram, calculates the distance between each edge in the level diagram, and correspondingly calculates the distance from the axis of the measured workpiece to the axis of the reference thin straight line as follows:
substitution into
To obtain
Measuring the straightness, comprising the following steps:
D. the laser moves smoothly from the head end position to the tail end position of the workpiece along the axial direction of the workpiece to be measured, the distance from each position reference straight line to the center of the workpiece is recorded, and the distance between the axis of the head end workpiece and the base alignment line is set to be hsAnd tail end is heAnd the distance between the head end and the tail end is L, the distance between the workpiece and the head end along the axis is x, and the ideal value of the distance between the center of the axis of the workpiece and the reference straight line is as follows:
if the measured value at x is hx, the straightness error at x is:
taking the maximum value of delta (x) between x and L to obtain
F. The workpiece rotates, and the laser scanner measures the maximum straightness of the long shaft:
rotating the workpiece about its axis through an angle α, repeating the measurement process to obtain δ max (α) for the angle;
the maximum value of delta max (α) at different angles α is taken, namely the straightness error of the workpiece is obtained
In this embodiment, in the debugging stage of the device, the method further includes the step of error detection:
the repeatability error of the laser scanning measuring instrument is set to be delta r, the walking parallelism error of the sliding platform generated by the linear guide rail is set to be delta p, the roundness error of the tensioning thin straight line is set to be delta rt, the error generated by the vibration of the tensioning thin straight line is set to be delta v, and the total measuring error of the whole measuring device is set to be delta t.
Hereinafter, the error of each detection method for measuring the straightness is estimated by taking the long-axis straightness detection with the length of 10m as an example
The linearity measurement error of the measuring device without the reference straight line is mainly determined by the repeatability error delta r of the laser scanning measuring instrument and the walking parallelism error delta p of the sliding platform;
δt≈δr+δp；
repeatability error δ r of laser scanning measuring instrument: up to 2 μm.
The walking parallelism error δ p of the sliding platform is as follows: if 3 ultraprecise linear sliding rails with the length of 3.5m of a certain known brand are used, the total error is 42 mu m;
δ t ≈ 2 μm +42 μm ═ 44 μm;
the measuring device takes the tensioning thin straight line as a reference, and the straightness measuring error is mainly determined by a repeatability error delta r of a laser scanning measuring instrument, a roundness error delta rt of the tensioning thin straight line and an error delta v generated by the vibration of the tensioning thin straight line and is irrelevant to a walking parallelism error delta p of the sliding platform;
δt≈δr+δrt+δv；
roundness error δ rt of the tensioned thin straight line: taking the piano steel wire with the diameter of 0.5mm as an example, the roundness error is less than or equal to 4 mu m.
Error δ v generated by the tension thin linear vibration: the experimental length of the thin tensioning straight line is 10m, and the delta v is 7 mu m under the general vibration isolation condition
δ t ≈ 2 μm +4 μm +7 μm ≈ 13 μm
The measuring device based on the tensioned thin straight line has higher measuring accuracy under the condition that the vibration of the installation substrate is small.
Example 2
The principle of the present embodiment is different from that of embodiment 1 in that: replacing the auxiliary reference object with a group of knife edge rulers in the step (2), and correspondingly scanning the laser beam output by the lens over the edge of the knife edge rulers at the time T0; sweeping the lower side of the measured object at the time T1; sweeping the upper side of the measured object at the time T2; time T3 sweeps the upper edge of the window. The photocell outputs a high level for time T1 from T0 to T1, a low level for time T2 from T1 to T2, and a high level for time T3 from T2 to T3.
The distance from the axis of the measured workpiece to the edge of the knife edge ruler is as follows:
substitution into
To obtain
In this embodiment, the corresponding error detection steps are as follows:
the measuring device takes the cutting edge ruler as a reference, the straightness error of the cutting edge ruler set is delta ks, the straightness error of a single cutting edge ruler in the cutting edge ruler set is delta k, and the straightness measuring error is mainly determined by the repeatability error delta r of a laser scanning measuring instrument and the straightness error delta ks of the cutting edge ruler set.
When the knife edge rule set is installed, in order to ensure the straightness of the knife edge of each knife edge rule, a tight thin straight line is still arranged above the knife edge as a reference standard, and the reference standard is used for correcting the total straightness of the knife edge rule set. The method comprises the steps of measuring the distance from a tensioning thin straight line to the knife edges at two ends of each knife edge ruler by using a laser scanning measuring instrument (the average value of multiple measurements at each end is taken to eliminate the influence of vibration of the thin straight line), adjusting each knife edge ruler to ensure that the distances from the knife edges at two ends of each knife edge ruler to a reference straight line are equal, and ensuring that the straightness error delta ks of the knife edges of the knife edge ruler set is as follows:
δks＝δk+δr+δrt；
wherein, δ k is the straightness error of a single knife edge ruler, δ r is the repeatability error of the laser scanning measuring instrument, and δ rt is the roundness error of the tensioning thin straight line.
When the edge ruler set subjected to straightness calibration is used as a straight line reference standard, the error of measuring the straightness of the workpiece is as follows:
δt≈δks+δr＝δk+2δr+δrt；
for a 10m long workpiece, 3 cutting edges with the length of 3.5m are needed, the straightness error of the cutting edge with the specification of 0 grade of a certain brand is delta k equal to 16 μm, delta r equal to 2 μm and delta rt equal to 4 μm, and then the total measurement error is as follows:
δt≈16μm+2×2μm+4μm＝24μm；
the measuring device using the knife edge ruler as a reference is less influenced by vibration of the mounting substrate, and can carry out rapid measurement.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A laser scanning long axis straightness detection device taking a reference straight line as a benchmark is characterized in that: the workpiece clamping mechanism comprises a head end clamping seat and a tail end clamping seat, workpiece mounting thimbles are coaxially arranged on mounting surfaces opposite to the head end clamping seat and the tail end clamping seat respectively, and auxiliary reference objects parallel to the main shaft are arranged between the workpiece clamping mechanisms; a non-contact measuring mechanism is arranged in the direction vertical to the main shaft of the workpiece to be measured; the sliding base is further provided with a driving mechanism for driving the tested workpiece to rotate along the central axis of the tested workpiece, the head end clamping seat and the tail end clamping seat are respectively provided with a locking handle, and the tail end clamping seat is provided with a tip displacement adjusting handle.
2. The apparatus for detecting straightness of a long axis of laser scanning based on a reference straight line according to claim 1, wherein: the auxiliary reference object comprises a pull wire, two ends of the pull wire are respectively positioned on the clamping seats at the two ends, and a tension maintaining mechanism is connected to the pull wire.
3. The apparatus for detecting straightness of a long axis of laser scanning based on a reference straight line according to claim 2, wherein: the tension maintaining mechanism comprises wire drawing wheels arranged at two ends of the wire drawing, the wire drawing wheels are arranged in the head end clamping seat and the tail end clamping seat, the wire drawing outlet extends outwards, and a coil spring for driving the wheel body to reset is arranged on a wheel shaft of the wire drawing wheels.
4. The apparatus for detecting straightness of a long axis of laser scanning based on a reference straight line according to claim 1, wherein: the auxiliary reference object comprises a group of 0-level knife edge rulers arranged right below the measured workpiece, and the knife edges of the knife edge rulers are adjusted to be a straight line and are parallel to the axis of the measured workpiece.
5. The apparatus for detecting the straightness of a long axis of laser scanning with reference to a reference straight line as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the sliding base comprises a linear sliding rail, the head end clamping seat is fixed on the linear sliding rail, the tail end clamping seat is slidably mounted on the linear sliding rail, the driving mechanism comprises a clamping thimble mounted on the head end clamping seat and a driving motor driving the clamping thimble to rotate, and a driving belt is connected between the driving motor and the chuck.
6. The apparatus for detecting the straightness of a long axis of laser scanning with reference to a reference straight line as set forth in claim 1, wherein: non-contact measurement mechanism includes laser scanner, laser scanner is including being in the transmitting terminal box body and the receiving terminal box body by survey work piece both ends be equipped with the multifaceted mirror, the battery of lens and the laser emitter of rotation in the transmitting terminal box body be equipped with receiving lens in the receiving terminal box body, receiving lens's focus department sets up the photoelectric tube, the battery of lens includes a set of concave lens and the convex lens that will scatter light polymerization for the parallel light.
7. The apparatus for detecting straightness of a long axis of laser scanning with reference to a reference straight line as set forth in claim 3, wherein: and a positioning hand wheel for adjusting the position of the clamping needle at the tail end is arranged on the tail end clamping seat.
8. The apparatus for detecting the straightness of a long axis of laser scanning with reference to a reference straight line as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the base is further provided with a power mechanism for driving the non-contact measuring mechanism to move, the power mechanism comprises a moving motor and a moving belt driven by the moving motor, and the bottom of the non-contact measuring mechanism is installed on the moving belt through a sliding block.
9. A method of measuring a long-axis workpiece using the measuring apparatus according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
(1) and (3) mounting the tested workpiece: clamping the workpiece to be measured in clamping mechanisms on two sides, ensuring the workpiece to be stably clamped and simultaneously rotating with the aid of rotating clamping thimbles;
(2) setting an auxiliary reference line: the stay wires with corresponding tension are kept to be in a straight line and parallel to the workpiece to be measured;
(3) measurement: the non-contact type measuring mechanism moves along a measured workpiece, and simultaneously, the measured data is transmitted to a background processing platform for processing, and the specific processing method comprises the following steps:
A. the fine laser beam emitted by the laser is projected onto a multi-surface reflector which rotates at a constant speed, the intersection point of the laser beam and the reflecting mirror surface is positioned on the focus of an f-theta lens group, the focal length of the f-theta lens group is f0, when the multi-surface reflector rotates theta/2, the deflection angle of the reflected laser beam along the axis of the f-theta lens group is theta, the laser beam passes through the f-theta lens group, the output light beam is parallel to the optical axis, and the distance h from the output light beam to the optical axis is f & theta;
B. when the multi-surface magnifier rotates anticlockwise at the angular speed of omega/2, the laser beam output from the f-theta lens group sweeps a measuring area at a constant speed of f & omega from the lower edge to the upper edge of the window;
C. setting the initial time as T0At T0At that time, the laser beam output from the f-theta lens group is swept across the lower edge of the laser scanner window; t is1Sweeping the lower side of the thin straight line at all times; t is0To T1Time t1The laser beam is not shielded and is focused on the photoelectric tube by the receiving lens, so that the photoelectric tube outputs a high-level signal T2At time T, the laser beam output by the lens sweeps the upper edge of the thin straight line1To T2Time t2In the method, a laser beam is shielded by a thin line, and a photoelectric tube outputs a low-level signal; also at T3、T4、T5At the moment, the laser beam output by the lens sweeps over the lower and upper edges of the object to be measured and the upper edge of the window, respectively, at T2To T3Time t3The inner photoelectric tube outputs high level at T3To T4Time t4The inner photoelectric tube outputs low level at T4To T5Time t5And the photoelectric tube outputs high level, outputs a level diagram, calculates the distance between each edge in the level diagram, and correspondingly calculates the distance from the axis of the measured workpiece to the axis of the reference thin straight line as follows:
substitution into
To obtain
(4) Measuring the straightness, comprising the following steps:
E. the laser scanner moves smoothly from the head end position to the tail end position of the workpiece along the axial direction of the workpiece to be measured, the distance from each position reference straight line to the center of the workpiece is recorded, and the distance between the axis of the head end workpiece and the base alignment line is set as hsAnd tail end is heAnd the distance between the head end and the tail end is L, the distance between the workpiece and the head end along the axis is x, and the ideal value of the distance between the center of the axis of the workpiece and the reference straight line is as follows:
e.g. the measured value at x is hxThen the straightness error at x is:
taking the maximum value of delta (x) between x and L to obtain
F. The workpiece rotates, and the laser scanner measures the maximum straightness of the long shaft:
the workpiece is rotated about its axis through an angle α and the measurement process described above is repeated for δ max (α).
The maximum value of delta max (α) at different angles α is taken, namely the straightness error of the workpiece is obtained
10. A method of measuring a long-axis workpiece as set forth in claim 9, wherein: replacing the auxiliary reference object in the step (2)A group of knife edge rulers, the knife edge of each knife edge ruler is adjusted into a straight line and is correspondingly arranged at T0At the moment, the laser beam output by the lens sweeps the edge of the knife edge ruler; t is1Scanning the lower side of the measured object at any time; t is2Scanning the upper side of the measured object at any time; t is3The time passes over the upper edge of the window. At T0To T1Time t1The inner photoelectric tube outputs high level at T1To T2Time t2The inner photoelectric tube outputs low level at T2To T3Time t3And the photoelectric tube outputs high level.
The distance from the axis of the measured workpiece to the edge of the knife edge ruler is as follows:
substitution into
To obtain
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