CN105180700B - A kind of porous wall heat exchanger tube with the fixed nucleus of boiling and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of porous wall heat exchanger tube with the fixed nucleus of boiling and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105180700B CN105180700B CN201510574919.6A CN201510574919A CN105180700B CN 105180700 B CN105180700 B CN 105180700B CN 201510574919 A CN201510574919 A CN 201510574919A CN 105180700 B CN105180700 B CN 105180700B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of porous wall heat exchanger tube with the fixed nucleus of boiling for belonging to heat transfer enhancement technology field and preparation method thereof, the heat exchanger tube is made up of common boiling heat transfer pipe, porous wall surface layer and nucleus of boiling hole.Its preparation method is to prepare nucleus of boiling template pipe first, in template pipe substrate surface design processing micro-column structure, is then coaxially assembled with common heat exchanger tube, and fills the good metallic particles of thermal conductivity, is made raw embryo；It is last to be sintered under inert gas shielding, cooled down and the demoulding, obtain the porous wall heat exchanger tube of the fixed nucleus of boiling.Porous wall of the present invention is distributed whole heat exchanging pipe wall using capillary force guiding liquid phase working fluid, and fixed nucleus of boiling hole can effectively control the boiling nucleus of boiling in the distribution of heat exchange surface, reach the good heat exchange of the porous wall of the fixed nucleus of boiling；The risk of horizontal boiling process heat exchanging pipe wall dry combustion method is reduced simultaneously；Application cost is low, high efficiency, with far-reaching learning value and great social benefit.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to heat transfer enhancement technology field, more particularly to a kind of heat exchange with fixed nucleus of boiling porous wall
Pipe and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
World energy sources anxiety problem becomes increasingly conspicuous, with energy saving and reduction material consumption as main purpose, exploitation is high
Effect compact heat exchanger is the important subject on heat transfer circle.Evaporator is widely used in field of Refrigeration and Air-conditioning, ORC (Chinese) and follows
The field such as ring field and energy storage, its heat exchange result directly affects the heat exchange property of whole unit.Therefore, boiling heat transfer
Reinforcement technique occupies very important status in augmentation of heat transfer field.
In fields such as refrigeration air-conditioner, ORC circulations, evaporator usually uses horizontal tube shell type structure, either in horizontal tube
Boiling or the outer boiling of pipe, the gas that its boiling process is formed often cause that real boiling heat transfer face is substantially reduced.Horizontal tube
Interior boiling process is carried out with boiling, due to there is gas-liquid density contrast, almost goes up half heat exchange area of horizontal tube by vapour phase
Covered, not only cause heat exchange area to decline suddenly, while the danger for increasing heat exchanger tube dry combustion method, burning.Equally, outside horizontal tube
In boiling process, being covered entirely with the air bubbles for boiling bottom of the tube long period forms larger air film thermal resistance, and long-term hot-spot is held very much
Easily cause the aging of equipment and damage.
Porous metal structure has substantial amounts of fine pore structure, can make effect of the liquid in microstructure portion capillary pump
Under quickly sprawled；Porous metal structure is applied to boiling process simultaneously, with the intensive nucleus of boiling.In fact, porous
Surface heat exchanging pipe is already subject to due to the advantage such as the boiling temperature difference is low, the coefficient of heat transfer is high, critical heat flux density is high and the enough abilities of health are strong
Extensive concern.It is this kind of porous after since early 1970s, American Association Carbide develops slug type porous surface tube
Heat exchanger tube has just obtained significant progress.Most popular surely belongs to agglutinating property porous surface tube, and its heat transfer coefficient is than normal light
Pipe heat transfer coefficient at least improves 10 times, and its effective temperature difference is only the 1/7-1/8 of common light pipe, and common light pipe is sintered to be made
Light pipe can be effectively improved after porous surface tube shoulders fouling performance.Therefore porous heat transfer pipe is applied to horizontal boiling heat transfer mistake
Cheng Zhong, can not only be damaged, while having higher density using capillary structure transports liquid to Gan Bi areas caused by wall dry combustion method
The nucleus of boiling, also significantly increase its heat transfer property.
In fact, the intensive nucleation centre in loose structure surface, can also cause tool between adjacent multiple nucleus of boiling bubbles
There is interaction, mutual suppression or fusion between bubble, bubble are suppressed the extension bubble disengagement time or in heating surface shape
Into an air thermoresistance layer, can all deteriorate its heat transfer property.Porous, hydrophilic surface can be improved to original boiling crisis heat flux
1.5-1.6 times, and hydrophobic porous metals greatly reduce boiling crisis heat flow density on the contrary, and its root reason is exactly to vaporize
It is excessively intensive at core, cause and be internally formed the bubble layer similar to film boiling in loose structure.
In sum, for the horizontal boiling heat exchanger tube that appearance rate is higher, combined using surface sintering capillary structure artificial
Control its nucleation centre, you can its dry combustion method is avoided while effectively improving its heat transfer property, its safety coefficient is improved.The present invention is carried
Go out a kind of porous wall heat exchanger tube with the fixed nucleus of boiling, it is the sintering template combination metal micro-nano using accurate processing
Particle, the externally sintered porous wall heat exchanger tube with the fixed boiling nucleus of boiling, its porous knot in common heat exchanger tube
While structure effectively can control the nucleus of boiling, can avoid being formed in horizontal tube large area air film so that the phenomenon of dry combustion method.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to propose a kind of porous wall heat exchanger tube with the fixed nucleus of boiling and preparation method thereof,
Characterized in that, the porous wall heat exchanger tube with the fixed nucleus of boiling by common heat exchanger tube, loose structure wall layer with
And fixed nucleus of boiling hole is bonded successively；In heat transfer process, the loose structure wall in porous wall heat exchanger tube
Layer utilizes the capillary force of its structure, the dry combustion method wall region for attracting liquid to vapour phase to assemble, it is to avoid the dry combustion method of heat exchanger tube.It is simultaneously porous
Nucleus of boiling hole in wall heat exchanger tube turns into the positioning nucleation centre in boiling heat transfer process.
A kind of preparation method of the porous wall heat exchanger tube with the fixed nucleus of boiling, it is characterised in that utilize vaporization nucleus
Heart template pipe and metal micro-nano particle are fired altogether with common heat exchanger tube；Concretely comprise the following steps and added according to common heat exchanger tube diameter first
Work nucleus of boiling template pipe, the design distribution of the nucleus of boiling and size on nucleus of boiling template tube wall face；Secondly screening heat conduction
Metallic particles of good performance, and common heat exchanger tube is surface-treated, on the nucleus of boiling face of nucleus of boiling template pipe
, then with common heat exchanger tube be fixed and clamped nucleus of boiling template pipe using end socket, by vapour by coating releasing agent OPE
Change kernel templates pipe and the metallic particles sinter molding under inert gas shielding together；Its sintering temperature is according to different metal particle
Size and material character depending on.Its sintering temperature need not reach metal melting temperature, as long as metallic particles welding.Sintering
Time is generally 1-5h, after sintering is finished, the natural cooling under inert gas shielding, and then the demoulding is obtained has fixed vaporization nucleus
The porous wall heat exchanger tube of the heart；This porous wall heat exchanger tube has the porous capillary structure of metal sintering, is guided using capillary force
Liquid flows in wall, the dry combustion method wall region for attracting liquid to vapour phase to assemble, it is to avoid the dry combustion method of heat exchanger tube；Porous wall is changed simultaneously
Nucleus of boiling hole in heat pipe turns into the positioning nucleation centre in boiling heat transfer process, it is to avoid loose structure nucleation site density
It is excessive to cause bubble to merge the phenomenon to form air film thermal resistance.
The template pipe of the processing nucleus of boiling, its cross sectional shape is consistent with common heat exchanger tube, and cross-sectional sizes are outer according to pipe
Depending on boiling heat transfer or boiling in ducts heat exchange；Length is more slightly longer than common heat exchanger tube；Wall is distributed with nucleus of boiling projection, is used for
Sintering prepares the nucleus of boiling hole in loose structure, the nucleus of boiling projection on the template tube wall face, using laser splash
Or etching carries out Precision Machining；For different boiling working medium, heat output and heat transfer area, to nucleus of boiling cavity dimensions according under
Formula is calculated：
Wherein Ropt is optimal nucleus of boiling hole radius；σ is the surface tension of boiling liquid；λlIt is the heat conduction system of liquid
Number；β is the contact angle between smooth metal matrix and boiling liquid；Q is transmission heat；A is the porous of usage factor method estimation
Structure heat exchange area；For working medium be the boiling process of water its optimal micro-column structure size at 10-30 micron, with vapor boiling
Bubble size is suitable.
The nucleus of boiling projection material is resistant to elevated temperatures metal or ceramic material.
The nucleus of boiling shape for lugs is regular or irregular spherical, microtrabeculae, round platform or pyramidal shape；Its yardstick is
Micron order.
The metallic particles is copper, aluminium, magnesium, titanium and its alloy material, and it is shaped as the hollow of circular, square or triangle
Or full particle.
The metallic particles yardstick is nanometer, micron level, the loose structure gap structure chi of the smaller preparation of particle scale
Very little smaller, gap size can be estimated according to the relation of metal quality, density and volume using following formula：
Wherein AgapIt is the gap area on porous biography structure wall layer；AporousIt is the cross section of loose structure wall layer
Product；V is loose structure wall layer volume after sintering；MmetalIt is sintered metal particle gross mass；ρmetalIt is metallic particles density；
For the boiling of common device of working medium, metal particle size is distributed between 100 nanometers to 60 microns；When metallic particles is regular ball
Shape, at 60 microns, it forms porous gap size in 8-10 micrometer ranges to particle diameter.
The porous wall surface layer depends on heat transfer process for boiling in ducts is still managed outward with the relative position of common heat exchanger tube
Boiling；If boiling in ducts heat transfer process, porous wall surface layer is to sinter with inside common heat exchanger tube, and template pipe diameter is less than common
Heat exchanger tube diameter；If heat transfer outside a tube process, porous wall surface layer is to be sintered in outside common heat exchanger tube, and template pipe diameter is more than common
Heat exchanger tube；Its porous wall surface thickness is hundred microns to millimeter magnitude.
The invention has the advantages that：(1) present invention proposes a kind of porous heat transfer pipe of the fixed nucleus of boiling, its preparation
Method technically, has broken the situation of the uncontrollable nucleus of boiling in nucleate boiling heat transfer surface；Capillary structure reduces water simultaneously
The risk of flat boiling process heat exchanging pipe wall dry combustion method.(2) this structure heat exchanger tube is manually controlled whole for horizontal tube heat transfer process
The distribution of the pipe nucleus of boiling, is prevented effectively from the upper and lower inhomogeneities of horizontal heat exchange, reduces heat exchanger tube built-in thermal stress.(3) it is fixed
The porous heat transfer pipe of the nucleus of boiling, processing is simple, it is easy to the direct sintering transformation in original common heat exchanger tube, heat exchanger, in fact
Border application cost is low, high efficiency.The present invention provides another new developing direction and adds to the porous heat transfer surface risen
Work technique, with far-reaching learning value and great social benefit.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of preparation principle schematic diagram of the porous wall heat exchanger tube of the fixed nucleus of boiling；Wherein outside (a) common tube
Coaxially fixed (c) is filled boiling heat transfer pipe (b) nucleus of boiling template pipe between common heat exchanger tube and template pipe with common heat exchanger tube
The porous boiling heat transfer pipe with the fixed nucleus of boiling is obtained after dress metal micro-nano particle (d) the sintering demoulding.
Fig. 2 is template pipe and heat exchange channel closure assembling schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the principle schematic diagram. for preparing the porous outer boiling heat transfer pipe with the fixed nucleus of boiling.
Fig. 4 is the principle schematic diagram. for preparing the porous interior boiling heat transfer pipe with the fixed nucleus of boiling.
Label in figure：1-commonly exchange heat metal tube；2-nucleus of boiling template pipe；3-metal micro-nano particle；4-microtrabeculae
Structure；5-nucleus of boiling hole；7-end socket；8-screw thread；9-porous wall surface layer
Specific embodiment
The present invention proposes a kind of porous wall heat exchanger tube with the fixed nucleus of boiling and preparation method thereof, described with solid
Determine the porous wall heat exchanger tube of the nucleus of boiling by common heat exchanger tube, loose structure wall layer and fixation nucleus of boiling hole according to
It is secondary to be bonded；Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be described.
Fig. 1 is a kind of preparation principle schematic diagram of the porous wall heat exchanger tube of the fixed nucleus of boiling, wherein outside (a) common tube
Boiling heat transfer pipe, (b) on the nucleus of boiling face of nucleus of boiling template pipe coat releasing agent OPE, then with commonly
Heat exchanger tube is coaxially fixed, (c) filling metal micro-nano particle between common heat exchanger tube and template pipe, is obtained after the demoulding of (d) sintering
Porous wall heat exchanger tube with the fixed nucleus of boiling.
Its preparation process is broadly divided into three operating procedures：(1) design and process and prepare nucleus of boiling template pipe 2, and with
Common heat exchanger tube is fixed using end socket 7；(2) screening metal micro-nano particle 3, and metallic particles 3 is filled in nucleus of boiling template
Pipe 2 and the annular space space of common heat exchanger tube 1, are made raw embryo；(3) raw embryo of padding and compacting is placed in the sintering furnace of inert gas shielding
Middle sintering, cooling, the demoulding obtain the loose structure heat exchanger tube with nucleus of boiling hole 5 after the completion of sintering.
Nucleus of boiling template pipe 2 in the step (1), its cross sectional shape is consistent with common heat exchanger tube 1, cross-sectional sizes root
Depending on outer boiling heat transfer or boiling in ducts heat exchange is managed；If boiling process be boiling in ducts, nucleus of boiling template pipe 2 it is straight
Footpath need to be less than common heat exchanger tube 1, if the outer boiling of pipe, the diameter of nucleus of boiling template pipe 2 need to be more than common heat exchanger tube 1.Vaporization nucleus
The length of heart template pipe 2 need to be more slightly longer than common heat exchanger tube 1, to combine upper low head 7 preferably filling metal micro-nano particle 3.Vapour
Change the micro-column structure 4 of the wall design of kernel templates pipe 2, the nucleus of boiling hole 5 in loose structure is prepared for sintering.Its material
The predominantly exotic material such as metal, ceramics, glass.Micro-column structure 4 on the wall of nucleus of boiling template pipe 2 utilizes laser
The precision processing technologies such as sputtering, etching or sintering, its yardstick is micron order；Its shape can be spherical, microtrabeculae, round platform, pyramid etc.
Rule or irregular shape, micro-column structure shown in Fig. 1 are spherical.
The micro-nano particle 3 of filling in the step (2), coats de- first on the nucleus of boiling face of nucleus of boiling template pipe
Mould agent OPE, then selects suitable metal micro-nano particle 3, and it is screened, it is ensured that particle is uniform, to protect
Capillary structure needed for card is not filled by molecule.The micro-nano particle 3 that will have been screened is filled in common heat exchanger tube 1 and the nucleus of boiling
Annular space space between template pipe 2, and tamped using end socket 7, compressed, sintering raw embryo is obtained.The metallic particles can be copper,
The metal materials such as aluminium, magnesium, titanium, its shape can be circular, square, triangle, hollow or solid.Its yardstick is nanometer, micro-
Not, the loose structure gap structure size of the smaller preparation of particle scale is smaller for meter level,
Raw embryo sintering, obtained raw embryo is placed in sintering furnace in the step (3), is continually fed into inert gas sintering.
, less than the melt temperature of micro-nano metallic particles 3, its sintering temperature is only needed so that particle surface welding for its sintering temperature.It burns
Junction temperature and sintering time length are relevant with the material and diameter of metallic particles.When such as metallic particles is 20 microns of copper particle,
Under nitrogen protection, 700 ° of sintering 3h.
Fig. 2 is nucleus of boiling template pipe and heat exchange channel closure assembling schematic diagram；For the ease of the filling of metallic particles 3, if
The end socket 7 between nucleus of boiling template pipe and heat exchanger tube is counted；Its effect can not only block metallic particles 3, while can be with
The relative position of fixed nucleus of boiling template pipe 2 and heat exchanger tube 1, it is ensured that coaxial.(such as Fig. 2 when heat exchanger tube is to manage outer boiling tube
In (a) heat exchanger tube be structure shown in the outer boiling tube of pipe), nucleus of boiling template pipe 2 with diameter greater than common heat exchanger tube 1, now
End socket 7 is connected with the outer wall of nucleus of boiling template pipe 2 in outside by screw thread 8.When heat exchanger tube is boiling in ducts pipe (in such as Fig. 2
B () is when the structure that heat exchanger tube is shown in boiling in ducts pipe), the diameter of nucleus of boiling template pipe 2 is less than common heat exchanger tube 1, its envelope
First 7 are connected with the outer wall of the nucleus of boiling template pipe 2 of inner side by screw thread 8, sealing need not be required between its end socket 7 and pipe, only
Need to stop that large quantities of particles are rolled out.
Fig. 3 is the principle schematic diagram. for preparing the porous outer boiling heat transfer pipe with the fixed nucleus of boiling；Such as institute in figure
Show nucleus of boiling template pipe 2 with diameter greater than common heat exchanger tube 1, the micro-column structure 4 of its surface design is cylinder, and adjacent two circle
Micro-column structure 4 on week is to be interspersed, and metallic particles 3 illustrates 3 layers of filling.This figure is schematic diagram, and its structure can with distribution
With as shown in figure 3, but being not limited to that this.
Fig. 4 is the principle schematic diagram. for preparing the porous interior boiling heat transfer pipe with the fixed nucleus of boiling；Such as institute in figure
Show the diameter of nucleus of boiling template pipe 2 less than common heat exchanger tube 1, the micro-column structure 4 of its surface design is Mitsubishi's taper, adjacent two circle
Micro-column structure 4 on week can staggeredly can also be consistent；Equally, metallic particles illustrates 3 layers of filling.This figure is schematic diagram, its knot
Structure can be with as shown in figure 4, but be not limited to that this with distribution.
The sintering of embodiment 1 has the porous interior boiling copper heat exchanger tube of the fixed nucleus of boiling
It is common interior boiling heat transfer metal tube from Φ 22mm × 100mm red coppers metal tube, carries out pickling to it first, goes
Ionized water surface cleaning processing, and inert gas air-dry it is stand-by.High melting point glass pipe from Φ 16mm × 120mm does inner template
Pipe substrate, 40 μm of silica dioxide granules of individual layer are adhered to first with film, and are attached to glass tube exterior surface, are carried out 900 ° of nitrogen and are protected
Shield sintering, is prepared into nucleus of boiling template pipe；And it is stand-by that releasing agent OPE is coated outside nucleus of boiling template pipe.Choosing
With the Ni metal/CuO micron particles of good heat-transfer, and filter out 10 μm or so the single-sizes of yardstick and burnt as loose structure
Knot particle.Template pipe is assembled with common heat exchanger tube using end enclosure structure, and fills Cu/CuO micron particles；After compacting encapsulation,
It is positioned over the lower 750 ° of sintering 3.5h of nitrogen protection in sintering furnace.Then under nitrogen protection, the room temperature cooling in sintering furnace finally will
Nucleus of boiling template pipe departs from, and obtains and have again with capillary structure the porous interior boiling copper heat exchanger tube of the fixed nucleus of boiling.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of preparation method of the porous wall heat exchanger tube with the fixed nucleus of boiling, described with many of the fixed nucleus of boiling
Wall surface of the hole heat exchanger tube is bonded successively by the nucleus of boiling hole of common heat exchanger tube, loose structure wall layer and fixation；Profit
Fired altogether with common heat exchanger tube with nucleus of boiling template pipe and metal micro-nano particle；Characterized in that, concretely comprising the following steps first
Nucleus of boiling template pipe is processed according to common heat exchanger tube diameter, the distribution of the nucleus of boiling on nucleus of boiling template tube wall face is designed
And size；Secondly the good metal micro-nano particle of heat conductivility is screened, and common heat exchanger tube is surface-treated, in vaporization nucleus
OPE is coated on the nucleus of boiling face of heart template pipe as releasing agent, then by nucleus of boiling template pipe with commonly change
Heat pipe is fixed and clamped using end socket, and nucleus of boiling template pipe and metal micro-nano particle are sintered under inert gas shielding together
Type；Depending on its sintering temperature is according to the size and material character of different metal micro-nano particle；As long as its sintering temperature is micro- metal
Grain fusing is received, without reaching metal melting temperature；Sintering time is 1-5h；After sintering is finished, under inert gas shielding certainly
So cooling, the then demoulding obtains the porous wall heat exchanger tube with the fixed nucleus of boiling；This porous wall heat exchanger tube has metal
Micro-nano particle sintered porous capillary structure, is flowed using capillary force guiding liquid in wall, attracts what liquid to vapour phase was assembled
Dry combustion method wall region, it is to avoid the dry combustion method of heat exchanger tube；The nucleus of boiling hole in porous wall heat exchanger tube turns into boiling heat transfer mistake simultaneously
Positioning nucleation centre in journey, it is to avoid loose structure nucleation site density is excessive to cause bubble to merge to form showing for air film thermal resistance
As.
2. there is the preparation method of the porous wall heat exchanger tube of the fixed nucleus of boiling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The template pipe of the processing nucleus of boiling, its cross sectional shape is consistent with common heat exchanger tube, and cross-sectional sizes are according to the outer boiling heat transfer of pipe
Or depending on boiling in ducts heat exchange；Length is more slightly longer than common heat exchanger tube；Wall is distributed with nucleus of boiling projection, is prepared for sintering
Nucleus of boiling hole in loose structure, the nucleus of boiling projection on the template tube wall face, using laser splash or etch into
Row Precision Machining；For different boiling working medium, heat output and heat transfer area, nucleus of boiling cavity dimensions are calculated according to following formula：
Wherein Ropt is optimal nucleus of boiling hole radius；σ is the surface tension of boiling liquid；λlIt is the thermal conductivity factor of liquid；β
It is the contact angle between smooth metal matrix and boiling liquid；Q is transmission heat；A is the loose structure that usage factor method is estimated
Heat exchange area；For working medium be the boiling process of water its micro-column structure size at 10-30 micron, with vapor boiling bubble size
Quite.
3. there is the preparation method of the porous wall heat exchanger tube of the fixed nucleus of boiling according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
The nucleus of boiling projection material is the good metal micro-nano particle or ceramic material of heat conductivility.
4. there is the preparation method of the porous wall heat exchanger tube of the fixed nucleus of boiling according to claim 2, it is characterised in that
The nucleus of boiling shape for lugs is regular or irregular spherical, microtrabeculae, round platform or pyramidal shape；Its yardstick is micron order.
5. there is the preparation method of the porous wall heat exchanger tube of the fixed nucleus of boiling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
The metal micro-nano particle is copper, aluminium, magnesium, titanium or its alloy material；It is shaped as the hollow of circular, square or triangle or
Full particle.
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| CN201510574919.6A CN105180700B (en) | 2015-09-10 | 2015-09-10 | A kind of porous wall heat exchanger tube with the fixed nucleus of boiling and preparation method thereof |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107335809A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-11-10 | 江苏萃隆精密铜管股份有限公司 | The preparation method of the evaporation tube of flooded evaporator |
| CN108758934B (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2024-03-19 | 天津百利民生节能环保技术有限公司 | Floating capillary humidifier |
| CN111707122B (en) * | 2020-05-07 | 2022-03-25 | 华南理工大学 | Outer finned tube with surface mixed wettability and preparation method thereof |
| CN112880853A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-06-01 | 浙大宁波理工学院 | Small-diameter heat exchange pipe wall temperature measuring device in-pipe boiling experiment |
| CN113267152B (en) * | 2021-05-14 | 2022-11-08 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | Experimental device and method for accurately measuring wall surface activation core characteristic parameters |
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| JP2012154520A (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2012-08-16 | Denso Corp | Tube for heat exchanger, and heat exchanger |
| CN202734632U (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2013-02-13 | 华南理工大学 | Microcrack flat heat pipe |
| CN203083410U (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2013-07-24 | 华南理工大学 | Porous reinforcement boiling microchannel with inner grooves |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012154520A (en) * | 2011-01-24 | 2012-08-16 | Denso Corp | Tube for heat exchanger, and heat exchanger |
| CN202734632U (en) * | 2012-08-22 | 2013-02-13 | 华南理工大学 | Microcrack flat heat pipe |
| CN203083410U (en) * | 2012-09-18 | 2013-07-24 | 华南理工大学 | Porous reinforcement boiling microchannel with inner grooves |
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