CN105179011A - Tunnel plugging facility and tunnel plugging method - Google Patents
Tunnel plugging facility and tunnel plugging method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105179011A CN105179011A CN201510571733.5A CN201510571733A CN105179011A CN 105179011 A CN105179011 A CN 105179011A CN 201510571733 A CN201510571733 A CN 201510571733A CN 105179011 A CN105179011 A CN 105179011A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011165 3D composite Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000826860 Trapezium Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010408 sweeping Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008207 working material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000037237 body shape Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001112 coagulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F17/00—Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhere
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel plugging facility and a tunnel plugging method. The tunnel plugging facility comprises a plugging tunnel, a water draining tunnel and a tailing pond, wherein one end of the plugging tunnel is communicated with the water draining tunnel; the other end of the plugging tunnel is communicated with the tailing pond; the plugging tunnel is provided with a protective body, a water filtering body, a water collecting body and a plugging body; the water collecting body is positioned on the left side of the plugging body; the plugging body is adjacent to one side of the water draining tunnel; the protective body is adjacent to one side of the tailing pond; the plugging body is provided with a water draining pipe; the water draining pipe penetrates through the plugging body; one end of the water draining pipe is communicated with the water collecting body; the other end of the water draining pipe is communicated with the water draining tunnel. The tunnel plugging method comprises the following steps: roughening a plugging section, sweeping the plugging section, plugging the tunnel, constructing the water collecting body, constructing the protective body and the water filtering body, and completing the protective body. According to the invention, dead weight of tailings and water of the tailing pond is utilized to dewater tailings in the tailing pond, so that tailings in the tunnel gradually solidifies, the water permeability is reduced, length of the seeping-pipe in front of the plugging body is shortened, the tunnel can be effectively plugged, and mill tailings are stopped.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tunnel shutoff facility and method for blocking thereof, particularly relate to a kind of mill tailings storehouse tunnel shutoff facility and method for blocking thereof, belong to non-coal mine Tailings Dam flood discharge facility blocking technology field.
Background technology
Current tailings impoundment method has wet type, dry type and marginal half dry type.The mine tailing in most of ore dressing plant adopts traditional wet process, and namely mine tailing is directly delivered to Tailings Dam with the form of ore pulp and stores, and Tailings Slurry concentration is not more than 60%; The dry piling method that the eighties in 20th century rises, dry piling method is that the form being processed into tailing cake is stacked by mine tailing ore pulp after press filtration, tailing cake concentration about 80%.The pluses and minuses of the comprehensive wet type discharge of the later stage nineties 20th century and dry piling, progressively define half dry type discharge method, i.e. lotion discharge, lotion discharge is to paste body shape tailings by mine tailing slurry concentrating, its concentration is greater than wet type Tailings Slurry concentration and is less than dry type Tailings Slurry concentration, and concentration is 60% ~ 80%.
The no matter wet row of Tailings Dam and dry heap, mine tailing is once chance cementization is more serious.If the deslagging hole shutoff of existing tunnel or the construction of newly-built flood drainage system is not tight in storehouse, very easily causes mine tailing to be revealed, contaminated environment, produce larger secondary disaster.Therefore in storehouse, can tunnel safe shutoff directly affect the safety of Tailings Dam.Mine tunnel shutoff at present only can with reference to hydraulic department tunnel relevant design specification, current tunnel shutoff adopts concrete structure shutoff, once concrete structure shutoff completes, the head difference of its opposing is fixing, increasing when reservoir area very easily causes inside and outside head (depth of water) difference excessive, exceeds designing requirement, not only leaks but also leak sand, very easily work the mischief (in storehouse, tailings leakage can pollute surrounding environment, may flood large area farmland or contaminant water seedbed).Even if in flood drainage system initiating terminal (catch pit position) shutoff, again to increase because of Tailings Dam or earthquake effect also easily causes shutoff to be lost efficacy.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: provide a kind of plugging effect good, be easy to implement, the tunnel shutoff facility that safety is good and method for blocking thereof.
Technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of tunnel shutoff facility, comprise shutoff tunnel, water discharge tunnel, Tailings Dam, shutoff tunnel one end is communicated with water discharge tunnel, the other end of shutoff tunnel is communicated with Tailings Dam, shutoff tunnel is provided with protective, drainage body, to catchment body and occluding body, protective is positioned at the left side of drainage body, drainage body is positioned at the left side of the body that catchments, the body that catchments is positioned at the left side of occluding body, the contiguous water discharge tunnel side of occluding body, the contiguous Tailings Dam side of protective, occluding body is provided with gutter, gutter is through occluding body, gutter one end is connected with the body that catchments, the other end of gutter is connected with water discharge tunnel.
The right-hand member of above-mentioned gutter is provided with gate valve.
Above-mentioned occluding body adopts concrete; Protective adopts artificial dry stone wall barricade; Drainage body is from left to right provided with rubble body, the 1st gravel body, sandstone body and the 2nd gravel body successively, and described artificial dry stone wall barricade is right-angled trapezium section, and building stones particle diameter is greater than 200 millimeters, and top width is not less than 1.0 meters, and left side side slope is 1: 1; The building stones particle diameter of rubble body is greater than 60 millimeters and is less than or equal to 200 millimeters, and thickness is greater than the tunnel width of 1/3 and is not less than 1.0 meters; The building stones particle diameter of the 1st gravel body and the 2nd gravel body is greater than 2 millimeters and is less than or equal to 60 millimeters, and thickness is greater than the tunnel width of 1/3 and is not less than 1.0 meters; The building stones particle diameter of sandstone body is greater than 0.075 millimeter and is less than or equal to 2 millimeters, and thickness is greater than the tunnel width of 1/3 and is not less than 1.0 meters; The body that catchments comprises geotechnological straw mats and three-dimensional composite drainage network, and three-dimensional composite drainage network is positioned at the left side of geotechnological straw mats, and geotechnological straw mats width is not less than 0.5 meter, and establish header in geotechnological straw mats, gutter is connected with header.
Above-mentioned gutter adopts steel pipe; Header adopts steel skeleton plastic clad pipe.
Above-mentioned concrete occluding body arranges anti-slop serrations and anchor pole.
Above-mentioned strength grade of concrete is not less than C20; The caliber DN100 of steel skeleton plastic clad pipe, the tube wall of steel skeleton plastic clad pipe is distributed with inlet opening, 6 ~ 8 millimeters, the aperture of inlet opening, and the gross area of inlet opening accounts for 10% of the steel skeleton plastic clad pipe tube wall gross area; The caliber DN50 of steel pipe, thickness of steel pipe is not less than 8 millimeters, and steel pipe is provided with the ring that intercepts water.
The diameter of above-mentioned anchor pole is not less than 25 millimeters, and bolt interval is not more than 5.0 meters, and it is 2 ~ 4.0 meters that anchor pole gos deep into country rock length, and anchor pole gos deep into occluding body and is not less than 1.0 meters.
A kind of tunnel method for blocking, the steps include:
(1) rough block section is added: excavate into wedge or groove type by the bottom of the hole of shutoff tunnel block section with sidewall;
(2) block section is cleaned: remove the rubble after shutoff tunnel excavation, and rinse excavation section with clear water;
(3) shutoff tunnel: after the cleaning of shutoff tunnel is dried, formwork supporting plate, frame founds gutter and grout pipe, by the right and section of parting on the left side concreting occluding body and concrete curing, at the end of gutter, gate valve is housed, Primary closure gate valve, opens when tailings face in storehouse exceedes after tunnel import 5.0 meters again;
(4) catchment body construction: first build skeleton by laying bricks or stones with the rectangular slab of stone, steel skeleton plastic clad pipe is laid between skeleton, other position adopts geotechnological straw mats to enrich, on the left of skeleton, the vertical three-dimensional composite drainage network of one deck of laying also is fixed, and steel skeleton plastic clad pipe is connected with the gutter in concrete occluding body;
(5) protective and drainage body construction: the artificial dry stone wall barricade of 1/4 to 1/2 shutoff tunnel height of first constructing, re-lays drainage body; Drainage body is successively constructed to a left side by the right side according to the order of the 2nd gravel body, sandstone body, the 1st gravel body, rubble body, 2nd gravel body, sandstone body, the 1st gravel body, rubble body all will be tamped, and successively construction is until the top, hole of the 2nd gravel body, sandstone body, the 1st gravel body, rubble body laying arrival shutoff tunnel;
(6) complete protective: the artificial dry stone wall barricade finishing building residual altitude, make artificial dry stone wall barricade lay the top, hole of arrival shutoff tunnel.
As improvement, at the left side filling mine tailing of artificial dry stone wall barricade.
In above-mentioned steps (1), lay safety device: excavate anti-skidding teeth groove in block section and establish anchor pole.
Technique effect of the present invention is: tunnel shutoff facility of the present invention comprises shutoff tunnel; shutoff tunnel is provided with protective, drainage body successively, catchment body and occluding body; the contiguous water discharge tunnel side of occluding body; the contiguous Tailings Dam side of protective; by drainage body, the body that catchments folder within it, occluding body is provided with gutter, and gutter is through occluding body for protective and occluding body; gutter one end is connected with the body that catchments, and the gutter other end is communicated with water discharge tunnel.Ore pulp is clamp-oned outside shutoff tunnel protective by tailings deadweight by the present invention, and on the left of occluding body, tailings is through the dehydration of drainage body, and the water after filtration is pooled to and catchments in body by drainage body, then is guided to water discharge tunnel by gutter.Tailings is dewatered by drainage body by the present invention, and along with passage of time, the progressively consolidation of the tailings in shutoff tunnel, water permeability reduces, and the tailings after consolidation has the effect of shutoff, improves the whole structure of shutoff tunnel.And tunnel shutoff facility of the present invention only comprises protective, drainage body, catchment body and occluding body, structure is simple, and economical rationality, result of use is good, easy construction, is applicable to I class solid waste stockyard.The present invention considers the different of sludge and clear water, and sludge is comparatively large to the active force of occluding body, and (K is bearing capacity safety factor, changes former numerical value 1.2 into 3.0 to have modified design parameters value; A
rthe contact area of expression in the past occluding body and country rock except vault is the area of occluding body and country rock contact surface horizontal projection now.More occluding body safety can be ensured after amendment), guarantee the safety of shutoff.Therefore, the present invention comparatively adds anti-filter drainage compared with the conventional method, the deadweight of reservoir area mine tailing and water is relied on to be dewatered by the mine tailing in Tunnel Section in storehouse, along with mine tailing progressively consolidation in passage of time tunnel, water permeability reduces, reduce the acting head before occluding body, can effective shutoff tunnel, tackle tailings.This method is compared with full section concrete shutoff tunnel simultaneously, and more economical rationality, is easy to implement, and plugging effect is good, and effectively tackles tailings.
Accompanying drawing explanation
1, Fig. 1 is embodiment of the present invention Tailings Dam reservoir area layout schematic diagram.
2, Fig. 2 is tunnel shutoff facility structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
3, Fig. 3 is tunnel shutoff facility vertical section of the present invention enlarged drawing.
4, Fig. 4 be in Fig. 3 A-A to sectional view.
5, Fig. 5 is occluding body anti-slop serrations partial structurtes schematic diagram of the present invention.
6, Fig. 6 is the gutter partial sectional view that the ring that intercepts water is housed.
7, Fig. 7 is header vertical profile partial schematic diagram.
8, Fig. 8 is the cross-sectional partial schematic diagram of header.
9, Fig. 9 is that the embodiment of the present invention is catchmented body section schematic diagram.
10, Figure 10 is that the B-B of Fig. 9 is to sectional view.
In figure: 1, shutoff tunnel, 2, bottom of the reservior abandonment plugging tunnel, 3, mine tailing piles up final dam crest, 4, 3rd catch pit, 5, water discharge tunnel, 6, 1st catch pit, 7, initial dam, 8, water discharge tunnel delivery port, 9, 4th catch pit, 10, 3rd tunnel, 11, mine tailing, 12, three-dimensional composite drainage network, 13, anchor pole, 14, gutter, 15, gate valve, 16, anti-slop serrations, 17, rubble body, 18, 1st gravel body, 19, sandstone body, 20, 2nd gravel body, 21, geotechnique's straw mats, 22, occluding body, 23, grout pipe, 24, shutoff tunnel delivery port, 25, 1st tunnel, 26, 2nd tunnel, 27, protective, 28, shutoff tunnel water inlet, 29, 2nd catch pit, 31, intercept water ring, 32, header, 33, skeleton, 34, inlet opening.
Detailed description of the invention:
As shown in Fig. 2 to 10, a kind of tunnel shutoff of the present invention facility, comprise shutoff tunnel 1, shutoff tunnel 1 one end is communicated with water discharge tunnel 5, the other end of shutoff tunnel 1 is communicated with Tailings Dam, shutoff tunnel 1 is provided with protective 27, drainage body, to catchment body and occluding body 22, protective 27 is positioned at the left side of drainage body, drainage body is positioned at the left side of the body that catchments, the body that catchments is positioned at the left side of occluding body 22, contiguous water discharge tunnel 5 side of occluding body 22, the contiguous Tailings Dam side of protective 36, occluding body 22 is provided with gutter 14, gutter 14 is through occluding body 22, gutter 14 one end is connected with the body that catchments, the other end of gutter 14 is connected with water discharge tunnel 5, the right-hand member of gutter 14 is provided with gate valve 15.Described occluding body 22 adopts concrete; Protective 27 adopts artificial dry stone wall barricade; Drainage body is from left to right provided with rubble body 17, the 1st gravel body 18, sandstone body 19 and the 2nd gravel body 20 successively.
The artificial dry stone wall barricade of the present invention forms protective section L1; Rubble body, the 1st gravel body, sandstone body, the 2nd gravel body form drainage body section L2; Three-dimensional composite drainage network and geotechnological straw mats form the body section L3 that catchments, and occluding body forms block section L4.Wherein, the building stones particle diameter of described artificial dry stone wall barricade is greater than 200 millimeters, right-angled trapezium section, and top width is not less than 1.0 meters, and outside side slope is 1: 1; The building stones particle diameter of rubble body 17 is greater than 60 millimeters and is less than or equal to 200 millimeters, and thickness is greater than the tunnel width of 1/3 and is not less than 1.0 meters; The building stones particle diameter of the 1st gravel body 18 and the 2nd gravel body 20 is greater than 2 millimeters and is less than or equal to 60 millimeters, and thickness is greater than the tunnel width of 1/3 and is not less than 1.0 meters; The building stones particle diameter of sandstone body 19 is greater than 0.075 millimeter and is less than or equal to 2 millimeters, and thickness is greater than the tunnel width of 1/3 and is not less than 1.0 meters; The body that catchments comprises geotechnological straw mats 21 and three-dimensional composite drainage network 12, three-dimensional composite drainage network 12 is positioned at the left side of geotechnological straw mats 21, geotechnique's straw mats 21 width is not less than 0.5 meter, steel skeleton plastic clad pipe is established in geotechnique's straw mats 21, gutter 14 is connected with steel skeleton plastic clad pipe, and gutter 14 adopts steel pipe.Concrete occluding body arranges anti-slop serrations and anchor pole 13.Described strength grade of concrete is not less than C20; The caliber DN100 of steel skeleton plastic clad pipe, the tube wall of steel skeleton plastic clad pipe is distributed with inlet opening 34,6 ~ 8 millimeters, the aperture of inlet opening 34, and the gross area of inlet opening 34 accounts for 10% of the steel skeleton plastic clad pipe tube wall gross area; The caliber DN50 of steel pipe, thickness of steel pipe is not less than 8 millimeters, and steel pipe is provided with the ring 31 that intercepts water.
The diameter of described anchor pole 13 is not less than 25 millimeters, and bolt interval is not more than 5.0 meters, and it is 2 ~ 4.0 meters that anchor pole 13 gos deep into country rock length, and anchor pole 13 gos deep into occluding body 22 and is not less than 1.0 meters.The present embodiment pipe shaft front portion establishes three road steels to intercept water ring, and metal construction all carries out preservative treatment (making corrosion-inhibiting coating).
A kind of tunnel method for blocking of the present invention, the steps include:
(1) add rough block section: excavate into wedge or groove type by the bottom of the hole of shutoff tunnel block section with sidewall, excavate anti-skidding teeth groove in block section and establish anchor pole.
(2) block section is cleaned: remove the rubble after shutoff tunnel excavation, and rinse excavation section with clear water;
(3) shutoff tunnel: after the cleaning of shutoff tunnel is dried, formwork supporting plate, frame founds gutter and grout pipe, by the right and section of parting on the left side concreting occluding body and concrete curing, at the end of gutter, gate valve is housed, Primary closure gate valve, opens when tailings face in storehouse exceedes after tunnel import 5.0 meters again;
(4) catchment body construction: first build skeleton by laying bricks or stones with the rectangular slab of stone, steel skeleton plastic clad pipe is laid adjacent building by laying bricks or stones between skeleton, other position adopts geotechnological straw mats to enrich, on the left of skeleton, the vertical three-dimensional composite drainage network of one deck of laying also is fixed, and steel skeleton plastic clad pipe is connected with the gutter in concrete occluding body;
(5) protective and drainage body construction: the artificial dry stone wall barricade of 1/4 to 1/2 shutoff tunnel height of first constructing, re-lays drainage body; Drainage body is successively constructed to a left side by the right side according to the order of the 2nd gravel body, sandstone body, the 1st gravel body, rubble body, 2nd gravel body, sandstone body, the 1st gravel body, rubble body all will be tamped, and successively construction is until the top, hole of the 2nd gravel body, sandstone body, the 1st gravel body, rubble body laying arrival shutoff tunnel;
(6) complete protective: the artificial dry stone wall barricade finishing building residual altitude, make artificial dry stone wall barricade lay the top, hole of arrival shutoff tunnel, at the left side filling mine tailing of artificial dry stone wall barricade.
Mill tailings storehouse of the present invention tunnel method for blocking, has economical rationality, is easy to implement.Adopt tunnel method for blocking shutoff tunnel in mill tailings storehouse of the present invention, can make mine tailing progressively dewatering and coagulating in tunnel, improve the ability of water resistant head, security performance is strengthened greatly.
Shutoff of the present invention requires as follows:
A, occluding body design grade is consistent with Tailings Dam; Adopt concrete structure (the direct business of concrete is bought), strength grade should not lower than C20.Occluding body should be arranged on tunnel barrel stage casing (or auxiliary tunnel end), and this section of barrel buried depth is comparatively dark, and requires that rock is complete, engineering geology is good.
B, to arrange laterally successively from inside-of-refrigerator and to catchment body, drainage body, protective, be namely followed successively by the earth working material section of catchmenting, the 2nd gravel section, sandstone section (be positioned at bottom of the reservior and should increase fine sand section), the 1st gravel section, rubble section, artificial dry stone wall barricade section.Artificial dry stone wall barricade section building stones particle diameter d > 200mm, trapezoidal cross-section, top width is not less than 1.0m, and outside side slope is 1: 1; Rubble section building stones particle diameter 200mm >=d > 60mm, thickness b > B/3 (B is tunnel width) and be not less than 1.0m; Building stones particle diameter 60mm >=d > 2mm of the 1st gravel section and the 2nd gravel section, thickness b > B/3 and be not less than 1.0m; Building stones particle diameter 2mm >=d > 0.25mm of sandstone section, thickness b > B/3 and be not less than 1.0m; Building stones particle diameter 0.25mm >=d > 0.075mm of fine sand section, thickness b > B/3 and be not less than 1.0m.The earth working material section of catchmenting is thick is not less than 0.5m, adopt geotechnological straw mats (the geotechnological straw mats that the present embodiment adopts Jiangsu Province Yixing City Hua Tongsu industry Co., Ltd to produce, specification: wide 100 ~ 200cm, thick 6 ~ 20cm)+three-dimensional composite drainage network (the three-dimensional composite drainage network that the present embodiment adopts Shandong Hao Yang new engineering material limited company to produce, specification 1200g/m
2~ 1600g/m
2) collect infiltration, and establish the steel skeleton plastic clad pipe (steel skeleton plastic clad pipe that the present embodiment adopts Huachuang Tianyuan Industry Development Co., Ltd. to produce, specification DN100 ~ DN200, steel skeleton plastic clad pipe is holed, aperture 6 ~ 8mm, accounts for the gross area about 10%) infiltration is caused gutter import.The grating of this section of reverse osmosis section calculates according to Appendix B in " rolling earth-rock dam design specifications " SL274-2001.
Establish gutter bottom c, occluding body, the infiltration of drainage section is drained into outside storehouse; Gutter can adopt steel skeleton plastic clad pipe or steel pipe (steel pipe that the present embodiment steel pipe adopts Shandong seamless steel tubing mill to produce, specification DN50 ~ 300), and caliber adopts DN50 (adjustable), adjusts the radical of gutter according to water percolating capacity; If take steel pipe must do preservative treatment measure (the present embodiment is brushed epoxide coal bituminous), wall thickness is not less than 8mm; In occluding body domestic demand, at least 3 rings that intercept water (the ring effect that intercepts water is the seepage paths extending tube wall ambient water, reduces hydraulic gradient) are set; Drainage pipe end adopts valve (the Z42J Series Manual line with rubber sealing gate valve that the present embodiment valve adopts the clear and coherent valve manufacture Co., Ltd in Anshan to produce) to control, after hole tailings buried depth is greater than 5.0m, then opening water discharge pipe.
As shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, shutoff safety measure of the present invention comprises:
1. anti-skidding teeth groove is set: will excavate into wedge at the bottom of hole with sidewall or excavate trapezoidal anti-skidding teeth groove;
2. arrange anchor pole: between shutoff tunnel sidewall and occluding body, arrange anchor pole, bolt diameter is not less than 25mm, bolt interval should not be greater than 5.0m, and anchor pole gos deep into the desirable 2 ~ 4.0m of country rock length, gos deep into occluding body and is not less than 1.0m.
Tunnel plugging technology flow process: add rough → flushing → concrete shutoff (containing burying aqueduct underground the) → facility that catchments and lay → construct anti-filter facility (drainage facility) → artificial dry stone wall barricade of constructing.
The first step: add rough: by the hole wall dabbing of shutoff tunnel, excavate into wedge or groove type with sidewall at the bottom of hole, and hoop is set in block section intercepts water teeth groove, teeth groove cross section is trapezoidal (see accompanying drawing 5); Anchor pole is set again.
Second step: rinse: after excavating rubble removing, adopts clear water centrifugal pump pressure flush stone flour.
3rd step: concrete shutoff: after barrel cleaning dries 1 ~ 2 day, then formwork supporting plate, frame founds gutter and grout lines, segmentation concreting occluding body.
4th step: the facility that catchments is laid: first adopt the rectangular slab of stone to build by laying bricks or stones as skeleton at inside-of-refrigerator, recharge geotechnological straw mats and (must not reworked material be adopted, business is bought) and steel skeleton plastic clad pipe (direct business purchase pipeline, boring, aperture 6 ~ 8mm, account for the gross area about 10%, steel skeleton plastic clad pipe is connected with concrete occluding body internal drainage pipe), the three-dimensional composite drainage network of last vertical laying.
5th step: construction anti-filter facility and barricade: first build part stock retaining wall (i.e. artificial stone-laying section) by laying bricks or stones, then subregion fills filter material from inside to outside, and tamp.
6th step: for preventing tunnel portal from caving in, can in the tunnel of occluding body inside-of-refrigerator filling-up mechanically mine tailing.
The present embodiment Tailings Dam reservoir area layout schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1, this Tailings Dam is certain gold mine tailings storehouse (third-class), flood tunnel (water discharge tunnel) designs overall length 1.2km, building all the people present's catch pit, is the 1st catch pit 6, the 2nd catch pit 29, the 3rd catch pit 4, the 4th catch pit 9 respectively.The 1st the tunnel 25 import top cover layer be connected with the 1st catch pit 6 is thinner, and cranny development, if only consider shutoff catch pit, after then tailings dam raises, the impact of mine tailing on the 1st tunnel 25 is larger, therefore consider after the 1st catch pit 6 is finished using, take facility of the present invention and method shutoff the 1st tunnel 25, Fig. 2 is seen at shutoff position.It is 342.0m that Tailings Dam finally stores up absolute altitude, 1st tunnel 25 place absolute altitude is 270.0m, and tunnel section is the circular arch stalk formula of 2.5m × 3.0m, the 1st the long 190.0m of tunnel 25, be 45 ° with water discharge tunnel 5 angle, seismic resistance calculation can not be carried out in earthquake intensity 6 degree of areas.
1, occluding body length (preset the long 30.0m of occluding body, block section is positioned at and main tunnel crossing) is calculated:
A, occluding body Design of length:
1. supporting capacity design expression formula:
KS≤R(1-1)
S(·)＝∑P
R(1-2)
R(·)＝f
R∑W
R+C
RA
R(1-3)
In formula:
K---bearing capacity safety factor, basic combination value is 3.0; Specific combination value is 2.5.
S ()---action effect function.
R ()---Resistance function.
∑ P
r---what on slide plane, occluding body was born all tangentially acts on sum, comprises level to water pressure, seismic forces;
∑ W
r---occluding body whole normal direction effect sum on slide plane just be downwards, comprises gravity, uplift pressure, vertical to water pressure;
F
r---the friction factor of concrete and country rock;
C
r---the cohesion of concrete and country rock;
A
r---the area of occluding body and country rock contact surface horizontal projection.
Note: Load value is with reference to " hydraulic structure load design specification "; Planning stage at initial stage f
rand C
rcan with reference to " concrete gravity dam " (SL315-2004) Appendix D value.
2. it is wide that the tunnel that occluding body end-to-end distance is adjacent should not be less than the hole of 10 times.
Design and situation are permanent condition, and water level is final design flood level 341.2m.Uplift pressure partial safety factor value is 1.1, and the partial safety factor of mine tailing pressure is 1.2, the partial safety factor 1.3 of friction factor F, and the partial safety factor of concrete and basement rock cohesion C is 3.0, and the equal value of partial safety factor of other active forces is 1.0.
(1) geologic parameter: f
r=0.8; C
r=0.7MPa.
(2) horizontal thrust: P
1=r
0× H × A=9.81 × 69.8 × 6.83=4676.8kN;
In formula:
P
1---horizontal thrust, kN;
R
0---9.81 is the severe of water, 9.81kN/m2;
H---69.8 is calculation level acting head (m);
A---6.83 is active area, m
2.
(2) top, hole water pressure:
In formula:
P
2'---hole pressure on top surface, kN;
R
0---9.81 is the severe of water, 9.81kN/m2;
H '---68.2 is calculation level acting head (m);
L---30 is occluding body length, m;
B---2.5 is tunnel width, m.
(3) uplift pressure at the bottom of hole:
In formula:
U
2---uplift pressure at the bottom of hole, kN;
R
0---9.81 is the severe of water, 9.81kN/m
2;
H---71.2 is calculation level acting head (m);
L---30 is occluding body length, m;
B---2.5 is tunnel width, m.
(4) tailings pressure:
In formula:
P
3---tailings pressure, kN;
R
sb---9 is the buoyant unit weight of tailings, 9.0kN/m
2;
H
s---32 is tailings thick (m);
---0.568 is CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND angle of internal friction, 16 °;
B---2.5 is tunnel width, m.
(5) plug gravity: G=AL γ
g=24 × 6.83 × 30=4917.6kN;
In formula:
G---plug gravity, kN;
R
g---24 is concrete density, 24.0kN/m
2;
L---30 is occluding body length, m;
A---6.83 is active area, m
2.
(6) frictional force: F=f
r× (1.0G+1.0P
2-1.1U
2)
＝0.8×(1.0×4917.6+1.0×25089.1-1.1×26192.7)
＝955.7kN；
(7) adhesion stress: C=C
ra
r=700 × 30 × 2.5=52500kN;
Then: K '=R/S=(52500/3+955.7/1.3)/(1.0 × 4676.8+1.2 × 57.51)
＝3.84≥[K]＝3.0
Tunnel and main tunnel angle are 45 °, require that block section length must not be less than 28.3m.
As calculated: tunnel occluding body length is not less than 30.0m and can meets design requirement.
2, construct
(1) require base plate to excavate into wedge with side wall before shutoff, and establish twice teeth groove, the dark 0.8m of space width 1.0m.Establish anchor pole again, diameter 25mm, bolt interval 3.0m, anchor pole gos deep into country rock length 2.0m, gos deep into occluding body 1.0m.
(2) remove the rubble after excavation, and rinse excavation section with clear water.
(3) C25 concrete (business purchase) shutoff tunnel is adopted, length is 30.0m, and at the bottom of hole, be about the seamless steel pipe (business purchase) of 300mm place laying 2 DN50, wall thickness 10mm, pipe bottom sloping 0.02, pipe shaft front portion establishes three road steels to intercept water ring, and metal construction all carries out preservative treatment (making corrosion-inhibiting coating); Pipe end adopts DN50 gate valve to control (business purchase).Initial stage gate valve is closed, and opens when tailings face in storehouse exceedes after tunnel import 5.0m again.
(5) section of catchmenting construction inside occluding body, first adopt the rectangular slab of stone to build by laying bricks or stones as skeleton, re-lay the steel skeleton plastic clad pipe of DN100, other positions adopt the materials such as geotechnological straw mats to enrich, and the three-dimensional composite drainage network of one deck is vertically laid in outside, adopts fixation with steel wire.
(6) construct anti-filter facility time first to construct the artificial dry stone wall barricade of part, rezone laying loaded filter; Anti-filter interval is constructed according to the order (from inside to outside) of the 2nd gravel section, sandstone section (coarse sand section), the 1st gravel section, rubble section, and particle diameter divides according to the particle diameter that Ministry of Water Resources's standard specifies and performs, every section of thick 1.0m.
The present embodiment illustrates:
1, bottom of the reservior is discarded tunnel block-up position and is positioned at complete and geology good hole section (stage casing) of basement rock.
2, namely the 1st catch pit carries out shutoff with main water discharge tunnel intersection location at the 1st tunnel end after finishing using; Shutoff drawing is shown in accompanying drawing 2, Fig. 3.
3, the 2nd tunnel and the 3rd tunnel method for blocking and position can with reference to the 1st tunnels.
If run into the auxiliary tunnel (deslagging hole) of construction in 4 Practical Projects, its method for blocking and position can with reference to the shutoff facility of the 1st tunnel and methods.
Claims (10)
1. a tunnel shutoff facility, comprise shutoff tunnel (1), water discharge tunnel (5), Tailings Dam, shutoff tunnel (1) one end is communicated with water discharge tunnel (5), the other end of shutoff tunnel (1) is communicated with Tailings Dam, it is characterized in that: shutoff tunnel (1) is provided with protective (27), drainage body, to catchment body (21) and occluding body (22), protective (27) is positioned at the left side of drainage body, drainage body is positioned at the left side of the body that catchments (21), the body (21) that catchments is positioned at the left side of occluding body (22), contiguous water discharge tunnel (5) side of occluding body (22), the contiguous Tailings Dam side of protective (27), occluding body (22) is provided with gutter (14), gutter (14) is through occluding body (22), gutter (14) one end is connected with the body that catchments (21), the other end of gutter (14) is connected with water discharge tunnel (5).
2. a kind of tunnel shutoff facility according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the right-hand member of gutter (14) is provided with gate valve (15).
3. a kind of tunnel shutoff facility according to claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: described occluding body (22) adopts concrete; Protective (27) adopts artificial dry stone wall barricade; Drainage body is from left to right provided with rubble body (17), the 1st gravel body (18), sandstone body (19) and the 2nd gravel body (20) successively, described artificial dry stone wall barricade is right-angled trapezium section, building stones particle diameter is greater than 200 millimeters, top width is not less than 1.0 meters, and left side side slope is 1:1; The building stones particle diameter of rubble body (17) is greater than 60 millimeters and is less than or equal to 200 millimeters, and thickness is greater than the tunnel width of 1/3 and is not less than 1.0 meters; The building stones particle diameter of the 1st gravel body (18) and the 2nd gravel body (20) is greater than 2 millimeters and is less than or equal to 60 millimeters, and thickness is greater than the tunnel width of 1/3 and is not less than 1.0 meters; The building stones particle diameter of sandstone body (19) is greater than 0.075 millimeter and is less than or equal to 2 millimeters, and thickness is greater than the tunnel width of 1/3 and is not less than 1.0 meters; The body that catchments comprises geotechnological straw mats (21) and three-dimensional composite drainage network (12), three-dimensional composite drainage network (12) is positioned at the left side of geotechnological straw mats (21), geotechnique's straw mats (21) width is not less than 0.5 meter, establish header (32) in geotechnique's straw mats (21), gutter (14) is connected with header (32).
4. a kind of tunnel shutoff facility according to claim 3, is characterized in that: gutter (14) adopts steel pipe; Header (32) adopts steel skeleton plastic clad pipe.
5. a kind of tunnel shutoff facility according to claim 4, is characterized in that: concrete occluding body arranges anti-slop serrations (16) and anchor pole (13).
6. a kind of tunnel shutoff facility according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described strength grade of concrete is not less than C20; The caliber DN100 of steel skeleton plastic clad pipe, the tube wall of steel skeleton plastic clad pipe is distributed with inlet opening (34), 6 ~ 8 millimeters, the aperture of inlet opening (34), the gross area of inlet opening (34) accounts for 10% of the steel skeleton plastic clad pipe tube wall gross area; The caliber DN50 of steel pipe, thickness of steel pipe is not less than 8 millimeters, and steel pipe is provided with the ring that intercepts water (31).
7. a kind of tunnel shutoff facility according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: the diameter of described anchor pole (13) is not less than 25 millimeters, bolt interval is not more than 5.0 meters, it is 2 ~ 4.0 meters that anchor pole (13) gos deep into country rock length, and anchor pole (13) gos deep into occluding body (22) and is not less than 1.0 meters.
8. a tunnel method for blocking, the steps include:
(1) rough block section is added: excavate into wedge or groove type by the bottom of the hole of shutoff tunnel block section with sidewall;
(2) block section is cleaned: remove the rubble after shutoff tunnel excavation, and rinse excavation section with clear water;
(3) shutoff tunnel: after the cleaning of shutoff tunnel is dried, formwork supporting plate, frame founds gutter and grout pipe, by the right and section of parting on the left side concreting occluding body and concrete curing, at the end of gutter, gate valve is housed, Primary closure gate valve, opens when tailings face in storehouse exceedes after tunnel import 5.0 meters again;
(4) catchment body construction: first build skeleton by laying bricks or stones with the rectangular slab of stone, steel skeleton plastic clad pipe is laid adjacent building by laying bricks or stones between skeleton, other position adopts geotechnological straw mats to enrich, on the left of skeleton, the vertical three-dimensional composite drainage network of one deck of laying also is fixed, and steel skeleton plastic clad pipe is connected with the gutter in concrete occluding body;
(5) protective and drainage body construction: the artificial dry stone wall barricade of 1/4 to 1/2 shutoff tunnel height of first constructing, re-lays drainage body; Drainage body is successively constructed to a left side by the right side according to the order of the 2nd gravel body, sandstone body, the 1st gravel body, rubble body, 2nd gravel body, sandstone body, the 1st gravel body, rubble body all will be tamped, and successively construction is until the top, hole of the 2nd gravel body, sandstone body, the 1st gravel body, rubble body laying arrival shutoff tunnel;
(6) complete protective: the artificial dry stone wall barricade finishing building residual altitude, make artificial dry stone wall barricade lay the top, hole of arrival shutoff tunnel.
9. a kind of tunnel method for blocking according to claim 8, the steps include: the left side filling mine tailing at artificial dry stone wall barricade.
10. a kind of tunnel method for blocking according to claim 8 or claim 9, the steps include: in step (1), lays safety device: excavate anti-skidding teeth groove in block section and establish anchor pole.
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| CN105586858A (en) * | 2016-03-10 | 2016-05-18 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Blocking structure of diversion tunnel |
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| CN106837418A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-06-13 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of trapezoidal fire dam of mine anti-explosion and its construction method |
| CN108374468A (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2018-08-07 | 中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院有限公司 | A kind of new method blocked for the old flood drainage system breakage of Tailings Dam |
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| CN115419020A (en) * | 2022-10-11 | 2022-12-02 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Emergency plugging device, flood drainage system and plugging method |
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