CN105171231A - Welding technology - Google Patents
Welding technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN105171231A CN105171231A CN201510710661.8A CN201510710661A CN105171231A CN 105171231 A CN105171231 A CN 105171231A CN 201510710661 A CN201510710661 A CN 201510710661A CN 105171231 A CN105171231 A CN 105171231A
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- welding
- friction
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- heat treatment
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/22—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
Abstract
The invention discloses a welding technology. Contact faces of welded workpieces move relative to each other under the action of pressure to generate plastic deformation, so that the two workpieces are connected in a solid phase. The welding technology includes the steps of heat treatment, rough turning, flat grinding, ultrasonic cleaning, heat treatment, linear friction welding, mechanical weld joint cleaning, finish machining and forming. According to technological parameters of linear friction welding, frequency is 40-80 HZ, the amplitude is 8.1-10.2 mm, welding pressure is 7-15 t, and the welding speed is 80-120 mm/min. According to the welding mode, the workpieces are linear or round-section or non-round-section heterogeneous components. The welding technology can be used for welding round-section or non-round-section components, component materials can be homogeneous materials or heterogeneous materials, so that the application range is wide. Besides, welding quality is high and weld joint quality is stable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of welding procedure.
Background technology
Friction welding (FW) is the one of Pressure Welding, is mainly divided into Continuous Drive Friction Welding, flywheel friction welding, friction stir welding, linear friction welding, three body friction welding (FW)s and friction surfacing etc.Friction welding (FW) can be used for welding nearly all engineering metallurgical material, as car-valve alloy, extra-high tensile steel, tool steel, steel alloy and titanium etc.It is also suitable for welding multiple cast iron, powdered-metal and metal-base composites.In addition,
The welding of many dissimilar metals as copper one aluminium, titanium one bronze medal, nickel alloy one steel also can adopt friction welding (FW).Friction welding (FW) to a ceramic aluminium and spheroidal graphite cast-iron or malleable cast iron and copper to be welded into power also limited, scientists just drops into the research and development Dao that suitable energy carries out this respect.China just passed through to close pressurization principle tests success aluminium one bronze medal friction welding (FW) as far back as nineteen fifty-seven.Through the development of more than 50 years, friction welding, with its high-quality, precision, efficient, energy-conservation characteristic, is obtained in branchs of industry such as the high-tech sectors such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, nuclear energy, ocean development and electric power, machine-building, oil drilling, automobile makings and applies " " widely.By with the combining closely of related discipline and new and high technology, friction welding and processing method thereof have developed into now more than 20 and have planted.Particularly in recent years in order to adapt to the application of new material and new construction, impressive progress is achieved both at home and abroad in friction welding and correlation technique, wherein representative with the Friction welding technique most that linear friction welding, friction stir welding (Frictionstirwelding), consumptive material friction coating etc. are advanced. the friction welding skill of these novelties has not only expanded the range of application of friction welding (FW), and improve overall performance and the reliability of welding assembly, make a little before be difficult to welding or unweldable material also can successfully weld.Advanced Friction Welding Technique can extensive broaden application scope, has huge potentiality to be exploited, is that 21 worlds conform the materials processing that protection requires
Manufacturing technology.
Friction stir welding demonstrates powerful innovation vigor in manufacture fields such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, shipbuilding, automobile, railway locomotives, and is widely applied.Along with the development of solder technology and the exploitation of welding equipment, the material of application friction stir welding can be more extensive.It not only can optimize joint performance, reduces production cost, and can be easy to realize automated production.Friction stir welding will produce huge impact and promotion to the development of interconnection technique.Friction stir welding is the patented technology that Britain's institute of welding is released for 1991.It has been solder technology that are the most noticeable since laser welding process occurs and most potentiality.Friction stir welding, at first for the welding of aluminium alloy, expanded the connection of other materials to afterwards.Its technological principle is: when welding starts, special-shaped on the stirring-head of High Rotation Speed refers to that rod pierces the seam crossing of workpiece, with friction of workpiece heat-dissipating, make welded metal become mecystasis and stir metal to form a rotation cavity, rotate cavity to move forward with friction head, the plastic metal be extruded inserts the cavity previously formed, and namely forms fine and close weld seam after cooling.In whole welding process, the generation of cavity and process of filling up are carried out continuously, weld metal zone metal experiencing be extruded, frictional heat, plastic deformation, transfer, the process such as diffusion and recrystallization.
The advantage of friction stir welding is compared with melting welding, and friction stir welding has a series of advantage:
1. be out of shape little, even weld long weld seam, distortion is also than little many during melting welding; 2. satisfactory mechanical property, the fatigue of weld seam, impact, stretching, the mechanical property ratio fusion welding head height such as bending; 3. smoke dust, splashing, good work environment; 4. stirring-head belongs to non-expendable material, and a stirring-head can weld 6000 series alloys about 1000m, and does not need the stirring-head that more renews.Without the need to silk filling, protective gas, save the energy; 5. welding process is easy and simple to handle, and workman does not need special training just can be competent at; 6. do not need special welds prepares, oxide thin layer micromicro automatically to remove in welding process; 7. agitating friction soldering equipment can form through existing machine reformation, and equipment is simple, is easy to realize automatic welding and robot welding.
During the shortcoming welding of friction stir welding, weldment need rigidly fix, and need to add back pad, weld seam afterbody has keyhole etc.These make the technique applicability of friction stir welding be restricted.
Consumptive material friction coating (i.e. consumptive material friction welding (FW)) is the bead-welding technology technology of a kind of advanced person, Britain, the U.S., Japan and Russian etc. nationally all in succession carried out the research and development of Consumable-rod Friction Welding Technology, in practical application, obtain greater advance.
Consumptive material friction lay-up techniques is the combination utilizing conventional friction fuel factor and the effect of conventional arc welding rod and motion mode thereof, namely consumable material " welding rod " rotates and contacts with welded piece, contact surface is relied on to rub the heat produced, make the material of faying face both sides reach hot plastic state, and apply upsetting force realization connection, meanwhile, consumptive material and workpiece are along required welding direction relative motion, in this process, " welding rod " constantly consumes, thus forms weld seam.
Consumptive material friction welding (FW) be a kind of advanced person welding/weldering apply technique, there is the advantages such as low energy consumption, pollution-free, high efficiency, crudy are good, be a kind of green manufacture technology faced the future (ix).Its main feature is: 1. material one timing, and the shaping and bond quality of weldering coating depends primarily on consumptive material friction welding process parameter, i.e. consumptive material rotating speed, suitable coupling between welding pressure and mother metal gait of march three; 2. the uneven Temperature Distribution on frictional interface both sides is consumptive material metal driving forces to mother metal surface transition, consumptive material is the growth of a large amount of tie point in frictional interface place, the macro manifestations of work sclerosis and the behavior of shearing to mother metal surface transition, its transition behavior is along with the adhesion of interface plastic metal, seam and shearing, and the transition also determining consumptive material metal is thus a discontinuous process;
3. the heat conductivility of consumptive material and the success or failure of frictional behaviour on consumptive material friction welding (FW) have important impact.The heat conductivility of consumptive material is more excellent, frictional behaviour is lower, and the technical requirement of consumptive material friction welding technological to equipment is higher.Otherwise consumptive material friction welding (FW) more easily realizes; 4. weld coating and forge organizational composition by fine grain.This fine grained texture can have great importance for improving the weldering metallurgy of coating, mechanics and Wear resistance and Anti corrosion.
Britain's institute of welding is under the subsidy of Alcoa technique center, and application consumptive material friction lay-up techniques throat thickness is the 7075 one T651 aluminum alloy plate materials (a kind of aluminium alloy of very difficult weldering) of 7.9mm.If use the joint rate of conventional soldering method gained joint to only have 30%, and application friction coating Welding, the joint rate of joint on average reaches more than 82%.In GEAE company, friction coating is used to weld aeronautical material as a kind of technique.Black company of Britain obtains the subsidy of 1,900,000 pounds for 1991, has manufactured the 1st friction coating equipment in the world, in delivery in 1992 to Frictec company (friction lay-up techniques sole company).These technology of U.S. Department of Defense's door knob are classified as key manufacture plan, universal electric aero-engine company (GEAE) plans the important method that friction lay-up techniques develops into aeronautical material connection, the application of exploratory development friction lay-up techniques in following aero-engine manufacture and maintenance, and obtain abundant achievement ...This technology is applied at cutlery manufacture view at present, also has application prospect at other field.
Linear friction welding is a kind of newer technique, and object is the friction welding (FW) in order to expand non-axis symmetry workpiece.But linear friction welding and spin friction are welded in heat and input and there is some difference in the aspect such as the friction type of test specimen and the motion process of frictional interface thermoplastic metal.In linear friction welding termination process, the generation rule more of faying face place heat, this is also that the reason can carrying out more high-quality integration welding is ridiculed.Linear friction welding termination process can be divided into four different stages.
Starting stage, two workpiece made linear reciprocal movement under the effect of friction pressure from the starting stage, and while frictional heat, the coefficient of friction of friction surface also corresponding change is occurring.At this one-phase, along with the carrying out of friction process, real contact area constantly increases, but the phenomenon of welding adhesion does not occur.If the frictional heat of this one-phase is insufficient, so next stage is just difficult to continue, and therefore, this stage is very crucial.
Transition stage is in this stage, and the metal at frictional interface place starts to occur obvious plastic deformation, and the contact area of rubbing surface and coefficient of friction all reach maximum.From macroscopically, the red heat region can observing faying face place expands to whole frictional interface gradually.
Stabilization sub stage high frequency linearity move back and forth and friction pressure effect under, the metal at frictional interface place is heated to hot plastic state and is extruded frictional interface, formation overlap.In this stage, heating and heat radiation reach quasi-balanced state substantially, and friction heating power remains unchanged substantially.
Decelerating phase works as welding point and reaches suitable temperature, and when producing larger plastic deformation, the rapid centering of two workpiece (being less than 0.1s) also applies upsetting force to be formed firmly welding point, and this one-phase is thought the most important stage by the researcher of linear friction welding.
The feature of linear friction welding
(1) metal of the multiple sections such as square, circular, polygon, plastics part and the nonweldable material of traditional welding method and dissimilar metal can be welded:
(2) welding process can be completely achieved automatic control, and reliability is high;
(3) solid State Welding, can form renewable, high-quality weld seam;
(4) do not need filler wire and add protective gas;
(5) welding process can not produce the phenomenon of flue dust and splashing;
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to propose a kind of welding procedure.
For reaching this object, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of welding procedure, the contact surface relative motion under pressure of welded piece produces plastic deformation, thus realize the solid diffusivity of two workpiece, comprising: heat treatment that---rough turn---------------mechanical chipping weld seam---fine finishining---is shaping for linear friction welding in heat treatment for Ultrasonic Cleaning for plain grinding.It is 40 that the technological parameter of linear friction welding comprises frequency---80HZ, and amplitude is 8.1---10.2mm, welding pressure is 7---15t, speed of welding is 80---120mm/min.Type of Welding is the irregular part of straight line or circular section or on-circular cross-section.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
A kind of welding procedure, the contact surface relative motion under pressure of welded piece produces plastic deformation, thus realize the solid diffusivity of two workpiece, comprising: heat treatment that---rough turn---------------mechanical chipping weld seam---fine finishining---is shaping for linear friction welding in heat treatment for Ultrasonic Cleaning for plain grinding.The workpiece of welding is titanium alloy T C5, and sample dimensions is 100mm × 300mm × 10mm, and type of attachment is overlap joint, and the technological parameter of linear friction welding is frequency is 80HZ, and amplitude is 10.2mm, and welding pressure is 15t, and speed of welding is 80mm/min.
Embodiment 2
A kind of welding procedure, the contact surface relative motion under pressure of welded piece produces plastic deformation, thus realize the solid diffusivity of two workpiece, comprising: heat treatment that---rough turn---------------mechanical chipping weld seam---fine finishining---is shaping for linear friction welding in heat treatment for Ultrasonic Cleaning for plain grinding.The workpiece of welding is high temperature alloy and stainless steel, and sample dimensions is circular, and diameter is 20mm, wall thickness 4mm, and type of attachment is docking, and the technological parameter of linear friction welding is frequency is 60HZ, and amplitude is 9.1mm, and welding pressure is 10t, and speed of welding is 90mm/min.
Claims (3)
1. a welding procedure, it is characterized in that the contact surface relative motion under pressure of welded piece produces plastic deformation, thus realize the solid diffusivity of two workpiece, comprising: heat treatment that---rough turn---------------mechanical chipping weld seam---fine finishining---is shaping for linear friction welding in heat treatment for Ultrasonic Cleaning for plain grinding.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, it is 40 that the technological parameter of described linear friction welding comprises frequency---80HZ, and amplitude is 8.1---10.2mm, welding pressure is 7---15t, speed of welding is 80---120mm/min.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described Type of Welding is the irregular part of straight line or circular section or on-circular cross-section.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510710661.8A CN105171231A (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2015-10-28 | Welding technology |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510710661.8A CN105171231A (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2015-10-28 | Welding technology |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105171231A true CN105171231A (en) | 2015-12-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510710661.8A Pending CN105171231A (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2015-10-28 | Welding technology |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106694553A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-05-24 | 中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司 | Intermediate slab connecting equipment and system |
Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101020275A (en) * | 2007-03-16 | 2007-08-22 | 西北工业大学 | Linear friction welding process between aluminium part and steel part |
| CN101367156A (en) * | 2008-09-25 | 2009-02-18 | 西北工业大学 | Linear friction welding method |
| EP2409807A2 (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2012-01-25 | Rolls-Royce plc | Linear friction welding of an aerofoil blisk |
| WO2013085967A1 (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2013-06-13 | Apci, Llc | Apparatus and method for linear friction welding repairs |
-
2015
- 2015-10-28 CN CN201510710661.8A patent/CN105171231A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101020275A (en) * | 2007-03-16 | 2007-08-22 | 西北工业大学 | Linear friction welding process between aluminium part and steel part |
| CN101367156A (en) * | 2008-09-25 | 2009-02-18 | 西北工业大学 | Linear friction welding method |
| EP2409807A2 (en) * | 2010-07-20 | 2012-01-25 | Rolls-Royce plc | Linear friction welding of an aerofoil blisk |
| WO2013085967A1 (en) * | 2011-12-05 | 2013-06-13 | Apci, Llc | Apparatus and method for linear friction welding repairs |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 宋昌宝 等: "线性摩擦焊技术研究进展", 《焊接》 * |
| 谭立军 等: "Ti-22Al-25Nb与TC11异种钛合金的线性摩擦焊接", 《塑性工程学报》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106694553A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-05-24 | 中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司 | Intermediate slab connecting equipment and system |
| CN106694553B (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2019-09-06 | 中冶赛迪工程技术股份有限公司 | A kind of intermediate base connection equipment and system |
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