CN1051571C - 甜菜碱表面活性剂与阴离子表面活性剂一起作为减阻剂的用途 - Google Patents
甜菜碱表面活性剂与阴离子表面活性剂一起作为减阻剂的用途 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1051571C CN1051571C CN96192436A CN96192436A CN1051571C CN 1051571 C CN1051571 C CN 1051571C CN 96192436 A CN96192436 A CN 96192436A CN 96192436 A CN96192436 A CN 96192436A CN 1051571 C CN1051571 C CN 1051571C
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- alkyl
- desired purposes
- carbon atoms
- acyl group
- based systems
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
- C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M133/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium containing a sulfur-to-oxygen bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium containing a sulfur-to-oxygen bond
- C10M135/10—Sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/02—Water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/26—Amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/042—Sulfate esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/01—Emulsions, colloids, or micelles
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/0318—Processes
- Y10T137/0391—Affecting flow by the addition of material or energy
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
- Emulsifying, Dispersing, Foam-Producing Or Wetting Agents (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
由至少一种包含具有10~24个碳原子,优选是14~24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和烷基或酰基的甜菜碱表面活性剂与一种结构式为R1-B的阴离子表面活性剂按甜菜碱表面活性剂与阴离子表面活性剂20∶1~1∶2,优选为10∶1~1∶1的比例组合的组合物可减少一种流动水基液体和一种固体表面间的流动阻力。其中R1是具有10~24个碳原子的烃基,B是基团(a)或基团(b),其中M是氢或阳离子,优选是单价基因。
Description
本发明涉及将一种甜菜碱表面活性剂与一种阴离子表面活性硫酸盐或磺酸盐一起在水基体系中用来减少一种固体和该种水基液体体系间的流动阻力。
近年来,采用能形成很长的圆柱形胶束的表面活性剂作为循环水系统尤其那些用作加热或冷却的系统的减阻添加剂已引起普遍的重视。
一个重要的原因是虽然人们希望在管道内保持层流,与此同时也希望在热交换器中存在湍流,以便取得单位面积内较高的热转换。
很清楚,纤维或链状聚合物不能提供这种双重功能,然而这种双重功能可以由线型胶束来获得,因为通常流速(雷诺数)在热交换器中比在管道中高得多。
线形胶束突出表现为在高度混乱情况下操作,当雷诺数较低(低于104)时,对流动阻力没有或仅有轻微的影响。当雷诺数较高(高于104)时胶束平行,导致阻力减少,非常接近理论值。当雷诺数相当高(例如,大于105)时,液体的剪切力变得相当高以致于胶束开始破坏,雷诺数增大到高于以上值时减阻作用迅速减少。
表面活性剂具有最大减阻作用时的雷诺数的范围很大程度上取决于浓度,随浓度增加的范围。
因此,通过选择表面活性剂在管道和热交换器中合适的浓度和合适的流速,有可能在管道中形成层流而在热交换器中形成湍流。因而使管道和热交换器的尺寸都保持在较低的水平,或当管道尺寸保持不变时减少泵站的数量,也就相应地减少了泵的功率。
对于加热或冷却水循环体系中用作减阻添加剂的最常用的表面活性剂是烷基三甲基铵的水杨酸盐,其中的烷基是具有12~22个碳原子的饱和或含一个或多个双键的长烷基链。
这种类型的表面活性剂当浓度为0.5~2kg/m3时性能满足要求,但在需氧和厌氧情况下分解很慢,从而对海生物具有很大的毒性。
由于小房屋的热分配系统通常出现严重的漏水(据估计一年中60~100%的水漏出),随之而来的是添加的化学物质进入地下水和各种新鲜水容器中。这种低生物分解性和较高的毒性的结合是一种产品对环境造成污染的焦点。
因此有必要制备这样的表面活性剂,其对环境的危害小但在循环水系统中具有与以上所提到的季铵化合物相同的减少流动阻力的性能。
USP 5339855中提到具有结构式RCONH(A)nH结构的烷氧化的链烷醇酰胺在水中能形成长圆柱胶束,从而减少在水基体系中的阻力,其中R是具有9~23个碳原子的烃基,A是具有2~4个碳原子的烯氧基,n为3~12。
这些产品容易分解且在去离子水尤其在低温下性能良好。然而在硬水中当电解质含量高时减阻作用受影响,并且最佳减阻作用的温度范围相当窄,有时仅10℃。
Se-C2-500923公开了两亲性表面活性剂在水基体系中作为减摩剂的用途。两亲性化合物,含有一个或多个伯,仲或叔胺基和一个或多个羧基,显示出对水基体系的PH值有很高的依赖性。
目前我们惊奇地发现由至少一种具有10~24个碳原子,优选14~24个碳原子的饱和或不饱和烷基或酰基的甜菜碱表面活性剂与一种结构式R1-B的阴离子表面活性剂按甜菜碱表面活性剂与阴离子表面活性剂20∶1~1∶2,优选10∶1~1∶1的比例结合使用,用于生产水基液体体系,该体系在流动性水基液体体系和固体表面之间具有较低的流动阻力,从而取得了很大的改进,式中R1是10~24个碳原子的烃基,B是基团或基团
其中M是氢或阳离子,优选是单价基团。甜菜碱表面活性剂优选地具有以下结构式:其中R是烷基或基团RNC3H6-,其中R是酰基。憎水基团R1可以是脂肪或芳香的,直链或支链的,饱和或不饱和的基团。合适的阳离子B是诸如钠或钾之类的碱金属。“水基”指的是水基液体系统的至少50wt%,优选至少90wt%由水组成。甜菜碱表面活性剂和阴离子表面活性剂都容易分解且其组合物在较宽的温度范围内具有很好的减阻作用。因此,减阻添加剂可用于温度低于30℃的冷却介质(比如当使用的甜菜碱表面活性剂中的烷基或酰基含14~16个碳原子时)以及温度范围为50~120℃的热交换介质中(比如当使用的甜菜碱表面活性剂中的烷基或酰基含18或18个以上,优选18-22个碳原子和一个或多个双键时)。按照本发明混合物也可以耐硬水和作为防腐剂而加入的电解质。憎水基R,R和R1的碳原子数将决定混合物的使用温度范围以致于高的碳原子数得到适合于高温的产品。
此外,甜菜碱和阴离子表面活性剂可用这样一种方法来选择:组合物的结晶温度适当地低于想要施加的水基体系的最低温度。
取决于条件,甜菜碱表面活性剂和阴离子表面活性剂的总量可以在较宽的范围内变化,但通常是0.1~10kg/m3的水基体系。
甜菜碱和阴离子表面活性剂的溶液尤其适合于在很长管道内流动的水基体系,比如用于热和冷分配的循环水体系。
甜菜碱表面活性剂可由N-烷基-N,N-二甲基酰胺或N-酰基-N,N-二甲基-1,3二胺基丙烷与氯乙酸钠在70~80℃及PH值9.5下于一种低级醇或水中反应来制备。为了获得好的减阻作用,甜菜碱产物中胺反应物的含量必须很少。优选地应低于甜菜碱表面活性剂的5wt%,最优选地低于甜菜碱表面活性剂的2wt%。如果要求产物中氯化物含量低,优选地反应在尽可能低水含量的异丙醇中进行,这样反应中生成的氯化钠将从产物中结晶出来从而通过过滤或离心分离。
制备无氯产物的另一条途径是用环氧乙烷和一种酸催化剂季铵化胺反应物,然后将产物脱氢以制备所需要的甜菜碱表面活性剂。结构式I中合适的基团R和R是十四烷基,十六烷基,十八烷基,油烷基,菜子烷基和牛脂烷基或相应的酰基。
按照本发明,合适的阴离子表面活性剂是众所周知的产品,其生产方法也是如此。典型的实例是从脂肪醇或合成醇衍生而来的烷基硫酸盐类,和烷基芳烃磺酸盐类,如癸基硫酸盐,十二烷基硫酸盐,可可烷基硫酸盐,油烷基硫酸盐,牛脂烷基硫酸盐以及相应的磺酸盐和十二烷基苯磺酸盐和十六烷基苯磺酸盐。
阴离子表面活性剂的选择取决于水的硬度,盐含量和温度。在硬水中,烷基苯磺酸盐由于其钙盐良好的溶解性而比较合适。
对于某一类型的水而言,一种常用的测定甜菜碱表面活性剂和阴离子表面活性剂间合适的比例的方法是在一装有合适的水的带磁力搅拌的玻璃烧杯中制备一种甜菜碱表面活性剂的溶液(比如0.500kg/m3)并保持系统的温度在所要求的范围内。然后将溶液用一种浓度为10kg/m3的阴离子表面活性剂的去离子水溶液滴定直到起始形成的涡流消失。
详细的操作程序在“筛选试验”中将进行更详细的描述。
除了甜菜碱和阴离子表面活性剂以外,水基体系中还可含几种诸如防腐剂,抗冻剂和杀菌剂之类的通常组分。
现在借助于以下的实例来对本发明进行进一步的说明。
实施例
组合物和产物的减阻性能根据现有技术采用两种不同的方法来进行测试,一种相当简单的程序叫做筛选试验,另一种较复杂的流动试验叫做环线试验。
筛选试验
将一系列的相同尺寸(65×35mm)的带有一个用聚四氟乙烯密封的圆柱型磁块(20×6mm)的50ml的玻璃烧杯每个加入40ml测试溶液然后置于一磁力搅拌器上,将一个温度计浸入15mm的深度。搅拌器的转速为1400rpm,然后在不同的温度下纪录溶液中所形成的涡流的深度。
当没有涡流可检测到时(纪录为0mm),由经验可知这表明减阻性能良好。
另一方面,如果不存在有效的添加剂(比如纯水),则涡流达到搅拌的磁块,那么结果纪录为35mm。
环线试验
测试在一6m长的由两根不锈钢直管(每根3m)组成的管线中进行,一根管线的内径8mm,另一根内径10mm。水由离心泵注入管线,离心泵由一台频率控制马达控制以连续调节流速,流速用转子流量计来测定。
管线的不同长度位置上开有出口,这些出口借助于阀门可相应地连接压差表,压差表的另一端连接管线的一个参考点。并且将管线绝热,泵的吸入端与一20L的恒温容器相连,在此检测管线的返回液。
加入测试化合物后对水溶液进行恒温,测试在低流速下开始,每个流速下测试10mm管线上的两点和8mm管线上三点的压差。然后将所测试的压差转变成Moody摩擦系数Y且在实例中表示成雷诺数Re的函数。
Y=2D·Pdiff/V2·L·d
Re=D·V·d/u
D=管径
V=流速
L=测试压差Pdiff所经过的长度
d=液体的密度
u=液体的粘度
实例也阐明相应的Prandtl数和Virk数。前者对应于湍流下水流的摩擦因素,后者对应于非湍流下的流动,比如层流。
实施例1
将38克NaCl,5克Ca(NO3)2·4H2O和5克MgSO4溶解在1.00L含8ppmCa2+的自来水中制得改性的海水。
将43毫克结构式为CH3(CH2)15-N+(CH3)2-Cn2COO-的N-十六烷基甜菜碱的活性物质(以下称之为C16-甜菜碱)以及6.6毫克结构式为C12H25-C6H4SO3 -Na+的线形十二烷基苯磺酸钠盐的活性物质(以下称之为Na-LAS)溶解在40毫升以上所描述的水中。将测试溶液放入一个带一20mm磁力搅拌器的50ml的玻璃烧杯中并于一冰箱中冷却至+5℃,然后在8~24℃间不同的温度下进行测试。在搅拌器转速1400r.p.m.下测试所形成的涡流的深度(mm)。结果如下。
温度,℃ | 涡流,mm | 外观 |
8131617.519202224 | 202001235 | 发混发混轻度发混混浊清亮清亮清亮清亮 |
以上结果表明,具有16个碳原子的长度的烷基链的甜菜碱与一种阴离子表面活性剂结合可使用于冷水中。
实例2
将80毫克C18-甜菜碱的活性物质和8毫克Na-LAS的活性物质溶解于40ml去离子水中。这些化合物的结构除了C18-甜菜碱的烷基链含18个碳原子外与实例1中所用的相同。测试溶液在30~90℃间不同的温度下按与实例1相同的方法进行测试。结果如下。
溶液在整个温度范围内都是清亮的。
温度,℃ | 涡流,mm |
30405060708090 | 1000002 |
实例2中的筛选试验表明C18-甜菜碱与Na-LAS组合在30~88℃的温度范围内有良好的减阻作用。
实例3~5
测试按照环线试验方法来进行。测试中使用去离子水。
减阻剂组合物含85份C18-甜菜碱和15份Na-LAS,且0.5kg/m3的混合物加入实例3和4而2.0kg/m3加入实例5中。实例3中温度为50℃,实例4中温度为85℃,实例5中温度是98℃。以下是测试结果。
所有的数值由8mm管的测试计算而得。从这三个环线试验可以看出:N-烷基甜菜碱和阴离子表面活性剂组合至少在50~85℃的温度范围内具有良好的减阻作用,且减阻作用在85~98℃间有一定程度的减少。该结果与实例2中筛选试验的结果是一致的。
Moody摩擦系数×103 | ||||||
雷诺数 | 6×103 | 104 | 2×104 | 5×104 | 8×104 | 2×105 |
Prandtl数 | 36 | 32 | 27 | 21 | 19 | 15 |
实例3 | 36 | 20 | 16 | 21 | 18 | 15 |
实例4 | 18 | 13 | 7 | 5 | 18 | 15 |
实例5 | 36 | 28 | 29 | 21 | 16 | 13 |
Virk数 | 15 | 11 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 2.8 |
实例6
将60毫克C18-甜菜碱的活性物质和19毫克十二烷基硫酸钠溶解于30ml去离子水中,制备测试溶液。溶液的PH值为9.5。筛选试验中该溶液在30~87℃的温度范围内没有出现涡流。
实例7
将15毫克结构式为RCONHCH2CH2CH2N+(CH3)2CH2COO-的由菜籽酸与N,N-二甲基丙烯基甜菜碱形成的酰胺的活性物质,其中RCO由菜籽油的脂肪酸衍生而来。将含60wt%油酸、20wt%亚油酸、9wt%亚麻酸,3wt%芥酸及其它主要是棕榈酸和硬脂酸的脂肪酸与1.2毫克十二烷基苯磺酸钠一起溶解于30ml去离子水中。溶液的PH值用氢氧化钠调至9.8,磁力搅拌器的转速为1100r.p.m.。将溶液从室温慢慢加热至80℃,然后按照筛选试验观察涡流深度。以下是测试结果。
这些结果表明在30~75℃的间隔内这种组合物是一种良好的减阻剂。
温度℃ | 20 | 25 | 30 | 35 | 40 | 45 | 50 | 55 | 60 | 75 | 80 |
涡流mm | 35 | 20 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 10 |
Claims (13)
3.根据权利要求2中所要求的用途,其特征在于:烷基含18~24个碳原子。
4.根据权利要求3中所要求的用途,其特征在于:烷基含18~22个碳原子和一个或两个双键。
5.根据权利要求2中所要求的用途,其特征在于酰基含18~24个碳原子。
6.根据权利要求5中所要求的用途,其特征在于:酰基含18~20个碳原子和一个或两个双键。
7.根据权利要求2中所要求的用途,其特征在于:烷基含14~16个碳原子。
8.根据权利要求2中所要求的用途,其特征在于:酰基含14~16个碳原子。
9.根据权利要求1~8任何一项中所要求的用途,其特征在于:R1是烷基苯基且B是磺酸根基。
10.根据权利要求1~8任何一项中所要求的用途,其特征在于:R1是烷基且B是硫酸根基。
11.根据权利要求1~8任何一项中所要求的用途,其特征在于:甜菜碱表面活性剂与阴离子表面活性剂混合物的结晶温度低于流动水基体系的最低温度。
12.根据权利要求1-6任何一项中所要求的用途,其特征在于:水基体系是一种温度范围为50~120℃的传热介质。
13.根据权利要求1,2,7或8中所要求的用途,其特征在于:水基体系是一种温度低于30℃的冷却介质。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SE95008413 | 1995-03-09 | ||
SE9500841A SE504086C2 (sv) | 1995-03-09 | 1995-03-09 | Användning av en alkylbetain tillsammans med en anjonisk ytaktiv förening som friktionsreducerande medel |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1177974A CN1177974A (zh) | 1998-04-01 |
CN1051571C true CN1051571C (zh) | 2000-04-19 |
Family
ID=20397487
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN96192436A Expired - Fee Related CN1051571C (zh) | 1995-03-09 | 1996-03-05 | 甜菜碱表面活性剂与阴离子表面活性剂一起作为减阻剂的用途 |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5902784A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0813583B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3919813B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1051571C (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2213766C (zh) |
CZ (1) | CZ294141B6 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69600842T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0813583T3 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL180716B1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2166531C2 (zh) |
SE (1) | SE504086C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1996028527A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6258859B1 (en) * | 1997-06-10 | 2001-07-10 | Rhodia, Inc. | Viscoelastic surfactant fluids and related methods of use |
FI107163B (fi) * | 1997-08-29 | 2001-06-15 | Fortum Power & Heat Oy | Neste kostutus/sumutusjäähdytyslaitteistoihin |
SE521569C2 (sv) * | 2001-01-23 | 2003-11-11 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Vattenbaserad vätska innehållande en zwitterjonisk tensid och en annan zwitterjonisk tensid för friktionsnedsättning, användning av en tensidkomposition samt en tensidkomposition |
SE521682C2 (sv) * | 2001-01-23 | 2003-11-25 | Akzo Nobel Nv | Användning av en Zwitterjonisk tensid tillsammans med en anjonisk eterinnehållande tensid som friktionsnedsättande medel |
US20060128990A1 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2006-06-15 | Davis Stephen T | Non-corrosive amphoteric surfactants and method of well treatment |
SE0202198L (sv) * | 2002-07-15 | 2004-01-16 | Akzo Nobel Nv | A drag-reducing agent for use in injection water at oil recovery |
US7195658B2 (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2007-03-27 | Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. | Antiloading compositions and methods of selecting same |
US20060084579A1 (en) * | 2004-10-15 | 2006-04-20 | Berger Paul D | Viscoelastic surfactant mixtures |
US7728044B2 (en) | 2005-03-16 | 2010-06-01 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Saponified fatty acids as breakers for viscoelastic surfactant-gelled fluids |
US8044106B2 (en) * | 2005-03-16 | 2011-10-25 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Saponified fatty acids as viscosity modifiers for viscoelastic surfactant-gelled fluids |
WO2007137307A2 (en) * | 2006-05-24 | 2007-11-29 | Marine 3 Technologies Holdings (Pty) Ltd | A surface active ingredient composition |
US9034802B2 (en) | 2006-08-17 | 2015-05-19 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Friction reduction fluids |
US7832476B2 (en) | 2007-10-04 | 2010-11-16 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Downhole release of friction reducers in gravel packing operations |
US8031704B2 (en) * | 2007-10-22 | 2011-10-04 | Infinera Corporation | Network planning and optimization of equipment deployment |
CN104610350B (zh) * | 2013-11-05 | 2017-03-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种磷氮型天然气减阻剂及其合成方法 |
CN104610351B (zh) * | 2013-11-05 | 2017-03-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 磷氮型天然气减阻剂及其合成方法 |
CN103937484B (zh) * | 2014-05-09 | 2015-06-10 | 余维初 | 一种页岩气井滑溜水压裂液体系高效乳态快速水溶减阻剂 |
CN105086983B (zh) * | 2014-05-14 | 2018-11-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 含甜菜碱表面活性剂的压裂液减阻剂及其制备方法和应用 |
CN106590610B (zh) * | 2015-10-20 | 2022-04-01 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 水基压裂液减阻剂及其应用 |
CN108006438B (zh) * | 2017-12-13 | 2020-02-14 | 常州大学 | 一种湍流减阻剂及其制备方法 |
US11479715B2 (en) * | 2020-05-22 | 2022-10-25 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Enhanced friction reducers for water-based fracturing fluids |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0091086A2 (de) * | 1982-04-07 | 1983-10-12 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Verminderung des Reibungswiderstandes in strömenden wässrigen Medien |
US4505827A (en) * | 1983-09-19 | 1985-03-19 | The Dow Chemical Company | Triblock polymers of the BAB type having hydrophobic association capabilities for rheological control in aqueous systems |
JPS6340888A (ja) * | 1986-08-06 | 1988-02-22 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | ドプラ速度計 |
CN1057478A (zh) * | 1990-06-22 | 1992-01-01 | 薛志纯 | 金属切削液 |
US5143635A (en) * | 1990-02-02 | 1992-09-01 | Energy, Mines & Resources - Canada | Hydraulic drag reducing agents for low temperature applications |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3768565A (en) * | 1971-09-29 | 1973-10-30 | Calgon Corp | Friction reducing |
US4152274A (en) * | 1978-02-09 | 1979-05-01 | Nalco Chemical Company | Method for reducing friction loss in a well fracturing process |
US4436846A (en) * | 1979-11-07 | 1984-03-13 | General Electric Company | Composition and method for improving the properties of liquid media |
US4615825A (en) * | 1981-10-30 | 1986-10-07 | The Dow Chemical Company | Friction reduction using a viscoelastic surfactant |
US4595526A (en) * | 1984-09-28 | 1986-06-17 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | High foaming nonionic surfacant based liquid detergent |
SE467826B (sv) * | 1991-01-31 | 1992-09-21 | Berol Nobel Ab | Anvaendning av alkoxilerad alkanolamid som friktionsreducerande medel |
JPH06340888A (ja) * | 1993-05-28 | 1994-12-13 | Nippon Oil & Fats Co Ltd | 潤滑剤組成物 |
SE9303458L (sv) * | 1993-10-21 | 1994-10-03 | Berol Nobel Ab | Användning av en amfotär tensid som friktionsreducerande medel i ett vattenbaserat vätskesystem |
US5486307A (en) * | 1993-11-22 | 1996-01-23 | Colgate-Palmolive Co. | Liquid cleaning compositions with grease release agent |
US5607980A (en) * | 1995-07-24 | 1997-03-04 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Topical compositions having improved skin feel |
US5696073A (en) * | 1996-04-08 | 1997-12-09 | Colgate-Palmolive Co. | Light duty liquid cleaning composition |
-
1995
- 1995-03-09 SE SE9500841A patent/SE504086C2/sv not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-03-05 DK DK96907368T patent/DK0813583T3/da active
- 1996-03-05 US US08/913,120 patent/US5902784A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-05 CZ CZ19972773A patent/CZ294141B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-03-05 RU RU97116723A patent/RU2166531C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-03-05 CA CA 2213766 patent/CA2213766C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-03-05 JP JP52724396A patent/JP3919813B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-03-05 EP EP19960907368 patent/EP0813583B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-05 CN CN96192436A patent/CN1051571C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-03-05 PL PL96322167A patent/PL180716B1/pl unknown
- 1996-03-05 DE DE69600842T patent/DE69600842T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-05 WO PCT/EP1996/000950 patent/WO1996028527A1/en active IP Right Grant
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0091086A2 (de) * | 1982-04-07 | 1983-10-12 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Verminderung des Reibungswiderstandes in strömenden wässrigen Medien |
US4505827A (en) * | 1983-09-19 | 1985-03-19 | The Dow Chemical Company | Triblock polymers of the BAB type having hydrophobic association capabilities for rheological control in aqueous systems |
JPS6340888A (ja) * | 1986-08-06 | 1988-02-22 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | ドプラ速度計 |
US5143635A (en) * | 1990-02-02 | 1992-09-01 | Energy, Mines & Resources - Canada | Hydraulic drag reducing agents for low temperature applications |
CN1057478A (zh) * | 1990-06-22 | 1992-01-01 | 薛志纯 | 金属切削液 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1177974A (zh) | 1998-04-01 |
CA2213766C (en) | 2006-05-09 |
JPH11501694A (ja) | 1999-02-09 |
PL180716B1 (pl) | 2001-03-30 |
CA2213766A1 (en) | 1996-09-19 |
SE9500841D0 (sv) | 1995-03-09 |
DE69600842T2 (de) | 1999-03-11 |
DE69600842D1 (de) | 1998-11-26 |
SE9500841L (sv) | 1996-09-10 |
RU2166531C2 (ru) | 2001-05-10 |
CZ294141B6 (cs) | 2004-10-13 |
WO1996028527A1 (en) | 1996-09-19 |
JP3919813B2 (ja) | 2007-05-30 |
US5902784A (en) | 1999-05-11 |
CZ277397A3 (cs) | 1998-01-14 |
PL322167A1 (en) | 1998-01-19 |
EP0813583B1 (en) | 1998-10-21 |
SE504086C2 (sv) | 1996-11-04 |
EP0813583A1 (en) | 1997-12-29 |
DK0813583T3 (da) | 1999-06-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN1051571C (zh) | 甜菜碱表面活性剂与阴离子表面活性剂一起作为减阻剂的用途 | |
EP0030559B1 (en) | Improved aqueous soap-based lubricant composition | |
CN107446681B (zh) | 一种微乳化型水溶性金属切削液及其制备方法 | |
EP0646157B1 (en) | Use of alkoxylated alkanolamide as friction-reducing agent | |
CN112779543A (zh) | 一种有机酸清洗剂及其制备方法 | |
US4874579A (en) | Acylated 3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles as corrosion inhibitors for non-ferrous metals | |
US20110247699A1 (en) | Use of a zwitterionic surfactant together with an anionic ether-containing surfactant as a drag-reducing agent | |
KR830009209A (ko) | 새로운 작용유체조성물 | |
US5143635A (en) | Hydraulic drag reducing agents for low temperature applications | |
US5979479A (en) | Use of alkoxylated alkanolamide together with alkoxylated alcohol as a friction-reducing agent | |
SE500923C2 (sv) | Användning av en amfotär tensid som friktionsreducerande medel i ett vattenbaserat vätskesystem | |
US5911236A (en) | Alkoxylated alkanolamide together with an ionic surfactant as friction-reducing agent | |
JPH08302379A (ja) | 制菌剤及び該制菌剤を含有してなる水系ならびにエマルジョン系金属加工用組成物 | |
CN109439399A (zh) | 一种高效环保的水基全合成金属切削液及其制备工艺 | |
CN111944596A (zh) | 工件防锈乳化液 | |
KR860001122B1 (ko) | 워터베이스(water-based)금속세공용 유동물 | |
SU1731791A1 (ru) | Способ получени водоэмульсионных смазочно-охлаждающих жидкостей дл холодной обработки металлов давлением | |
CN117660093A (zh) | 一种水基铝合金拉伸液及其制备方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20000419 Termination date: 20150305 |
|
EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |