CN105144603B - 用于聚焦数据通信的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于聚焦数据通信的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN105144603B
CN105144603B CN201480010232.3A CN201480010232A CN105144603B CN 105144603 B CN105144603 B CN 105144603B CN 201480010232 A CN201480010232 A CN 201480010232A CN 105144603 B CN105144603 B CN 105144603B
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client device
data
antenna element
signal
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CN105144603A (zh
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H·I·泽内
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Ossia Inc
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Ossia Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0695—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0686—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0691—Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission using subgroups of transmit antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
    • H04W4/029—Location-based management or tracking services

Abstract

公开了用于聚焦通信的方法和设备。该方法包括在同一频率与至少一个客户端设备通信的基站发射机阵列。该基站发射机阵列提供聚焦数据通信给所述客户端设备。

Description

用于聚焦数据通信的方法和设备
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2013年2月22日提交的美国临时专利申请No.61/768,004的权益，其内容通过引用的方式结合于此。
技术领域
本申请一般涉及数据通信。
背景技术
随着世界越来越依赖从移动设备接入数据，向请求数据服务的客户端提供数据服务的需求日益增加。蜂窝系统、全球定位系统(GPS)和无线通信系统(例如IEEE 802系统)面临关于例如带宽、范围和容量的限制。对此的一些解决方案是添加基础设施和/或使用指向范围技术。但是这些方法会是昂贵且低效的。
因此，期待用于聚焦(focus)数据通信的方法和设备。
发明内容
公开了用于聚焦通信的方法和设备。该方法包括与至少一个客户端设备通信的基站发射机阵列(base transmitter array)。所述基站发射机阵列向所述客户端设备提供聚焦数据通信。
在进一步回顾以下说明书和附图后本发明的这些和其他特征将变得更清楚。
附图说明
图1是包括客户端设备和基站发射机阵列的聚焦数据通信系统的示例系统图；
图2是包括多个客户端设备的聚焦数据通信系统的另一示例系统图；
图3是包括移动客户端设备的聚焦数据通信系统的另一示例系统图；
图4是提供聚焦数据通信的示例方法的流程图；
图5是根据实施方式的天线元件处理器的示例功能框图；
图6是根据实施方式的阵列控制器的示例功能框图；
图7是根据实施方式的客户端设备的示例功能框图；
图8A-8F是在检测新客户端设备期间聚焦数据通信基站发射机阵列的示例系统图；
图9示出了聚焦数据通信系统的示例阵列覆盖；以及
图10A-10C是聚焦通信系统的方向和位置实施方式的示例图。
相似的附图标记表示附图中一致的相应特征。
具体实施方式
图1是包括客户端设备110和基站发射机阵列120的聚焦数据通信系统100的示例系统图。基站发射机阵列120包括多个天线121。应当注意到，虽然在示例基站发射机阵列120中示出了19根天线121，但是可以使用任意数量的天线。客户端110(表示为C1)与基站发射机阵列120的天线121进行无线通信。每个天线121在不同的时间偏移从客户端设备110接收通信并以与从客户端设备110接收的传输时间偏移相反的顺序使用该时间偏移向客户端设备110传送数据，由此当来自每个天线121的数据传输信号在客户端设备110被求和时，清楚的信号被接收。例如，每个天线121的路径长度可以是p(n)。然后该路径的时间可以通过等式给出：
t(n)＝p(n)/c， 等式(1)
其中c＝光速。
为了使来自每个天线元件121的数据传输信号同时到达客户端设备110，每个通信元件121在以下时间开始其传输：
时间＝max(t(n))-t(n)， 等式(2)
图2是包括多个客户端设备110的聚焦数据通信系统200的另一示例系统图。在系统200中，每个客户端设备110(表示为C1、C2、和C3)与基站发射机120的每个天线元件121进行无线通信。在该情况中，在基站发射机120与每个客户端设备110之间产生多个通信链路。
由于到客户端C1、C2和C3的每个信号是分开的，因此客户端设备110可以共享相同的频率或信道，由此使得每个频带或通信信道的利用增加。此外，每个客户端设备110的信号应当低于计划到另一客户端设备110的信号的噪声水平或比该噪声水平低得多。例如，没有计划到C1的信号相互抵消，导致在客户端设备C1处的计划到C1的信号的清楚传输。
为了在相同的频率上传送同时的信号到多个客户端110，每个天线元件121使用从每个客户端110接收的相对于基站发射机阵列120中的每个其他天线元件121的时间偏移。因此，每个天线元件121然后对已编码的信号求和并向该客户端110传送所有客户端110信号的并列总和，导致该预期的客户端110可以清楚接收并解码的空间分开隔离的数据通信信号。例如，在预期的聚焦位置，信号(每个信号具有强度“s”)线性相加，导致客户端设备110的天线线性增加，由此总的信号是s的N倍。但是，在未预期的聚焦位置，信号在偶然的时候被接收且没有粘结(cohesive)相位，导致信号的强度是(s0+s1+s2+s3+s4+s5+s6+…+sN)/N，这比预期的聚焦信号弱得多。
此外，由于相同或单个频率可以被共享并被用于从基站发射机阵列120向多个客户端110传送数据，因此可能扩展数据通信系统(例如100、200和300)的容量。例如，通过使用多个频率，其中客户端设备110群组共享第一频率，客户端设备110群组共享第二频率等，基站发射机阵列120可以提供服务给更多地客户端设备110。
图3是包括被表示为C2的移动客户端设备110的聚焦数据通信系统300的另一示例系统图。在该情况中，客户端设备C2沿着箭头方向从第一位置(POS1)移动到第二位置(POS2)，同时保持与基站发射机阵列120的天线元件121的每个的无线通信。在每个信号接收期间每个天线元件121被重新校准以考虑从客户端设备C2接收的时间偏移的变化。
图4是提供聚焦数据通信的示例方法400的流程图。处于示例的目的，方法400可以被应用到上述系统100、200和300的任意以及任意其他数据通信系统。在步骤410中，基站发射机阵列120从至少一个客户端设备110接收已编码信号。例如，在图1中示出的系统中，基站发射机阵列120从客户端设备C1接收通信信号。在图2中，基站发射机阵列120从客户端设备C1、C2、和C3接收多个通信信号。在图3中，基站发射机阵列120被示出为从客户端设备C2接收通信信号。
基站发射机阵列120的每个天线元件121使用不同于每个其他天线元件121的时间偏移从至少一个客户端设备110接收数据通信。例如，再参考图1，天线元件1211使用不同于天线元件121n的时间偏移从客户端设备C1接收该数据通信。因此，基站发射机120的每个天线元件121确定相对于每个其他天线元件121的来自至少一个客户端设备110的输入时间偏移(步骤420)。
可以通过对天线元件121的天线的总数求和来执行偏移确定。以这种方式，每个天线元件121将其自己与一致量(consensus)进行比较，且当该天线偏移该一致量时，其开始使用新偏移回到该一致量，该天线通过相对该一致量测试其输出来发现该新偏移，或通过相对没有修改的一致量测试其修改的时间偏移一致量并选择是保持该修改还是保持原来的一致量来发现该新偏移。这可以通过客户端设备110是否在运转中(in motion)的天线元件121来执行。
一旦计算了该时间偏移，基站发射机120的每个天线元件121基于每个客户端设备110的时间偏移而被调谐(步骤430)。例如，每个天线元件121可以以从客户端设备110接收的时间偏移的相反顺序对到客户端设备110的其传输信号进行时间偏移。
在步骤440中，基站发射机120的每个天线元件121基于在该天线元件处确定的时间偏移向至少一个客户端设备110传送数据。
由于客户端设备110可以在运转中，确定至少一个客户端设备110是否已经移动(步骤450)。例如，在图3中，客户端C2被示出的正从POS1移动到POS2。在该情况中，每个天线元件121被重新校准并重新调谐(步骤460)以考虑该客户端设备110的移动。这可以通过比较每个天线元件的时移信号与综合(consolidate)信号，由此如果时移信号与该综合信号不同步，则其被调节以匹配该综合信号，并被传达到每个天线元件121以更新关于该客户端设备110的表项。
图5是根据实施方式的天线元件处理器500的示例功能框图。天线元件处理器500包括多个客户端载波组件510、多个消息编码组件520、网络交换机530、求和器540、进入的(incoming)信号模拟到数字(A/D)编码器550、相位和时间检测组件560、发送/接收复用器/解复用器(MUX/DEMUX)570、以及天线580。用于每个客户端设备110的客户端信息(例如，客户端ID、相位位置、和时间偏移)被存储在天线元件处理器500使用的表590中。
数据在输入线上进入网络交换机530，而载波和时间同步信号被输入到客户端载波组件510和相位和时间检测组件560。载波信息可以是所有天线元件121共享的公共信号载波信息，例如用于锁定任意期望信道的频率的锁相环(PLL)使用的较低频率。时间同步信号可以是允许事件分辨率达亚波级(sub-wave level)的时钟(例如，针对2.4GHz信号10ns或针对900MHz信号4ns)。
网络交换机530输出消息信号到消息编码组件520，其还从各自的客户端载波组件510接收输入。网络交换机530还提供客户端信息表590信息给客户端载波组件510和消息编码组件520。求和器540从消息编码组件520接收信号连同用于每个客户端设备110的合适的时间偏移，并输出出去的信号(outgoing signal)到复用器/解复用器570以用于天线580进行传输。如果求和器540接收的输入是数字信号，则求和器可以是数字信号加法器并将求和转换成模拟量，但如果到求和器540的输入是模拟信号，则求和器540执行模拟域的求和。
复用器/解复用器570还从天线580接收进入的传输并将该进入的信号(没有(sans)出去的信号)转发到进入的信号A/D编码器550和相位和时间检测组件560。复用器/解复用器570可以用于操作以允许多个客户端设备110向天线元件121进行传送，同时从天线元件121向其他客户端设备110传送数据。
进入的信号A/D编码器550输出数字信号到网络交换机530，且相位和时间检测组件输出信号到进入的信号A/D编码器550。相位和时间检测组件560可以例如使用来自客户端设备110的已编码信标信号来检测或确立新的客户端设备110。
图6是根据实施方式的阵列控制器600的示例功能框图。阵列控制器600可以用于协调所有天线元件121的功能。阵列控制器600包括多个概念组件610、数字到数字信号解码器(D/D)620、系统时钟630、网络交换机640、数据网络交换机650、以及多个连接器660。
在操作中，当每个天线元件121已经确立了发出信号必需的其相位和时间偏移时，用于传输的每个数据分组被贴有客户端标识由此其可以使用合适的相位和时间偏移被编码。
阵列控制器600针对特定客户端设备110在概念组件610中从客户端设备110接收信号。该信号可以经由每个天线元件处理器500的A/D编码器550间接被接收。来自每个天线元件121的信号然后可以使用用于传送的客户端设备110时间偏移的“相反定时(reversetiming)”被添加到来自所有其他天线元件121的信号。该相反定时可以根据以下等式来计算：
相反定时＝(最大客户端时间偏移(MaxClientTimeOffset))-客户端时间偏移(ClientTimeOffset)， 等式(3)
其中，相反定时有效地是0与每个客户端的客户端时间偏移之间的数，且最大时间偏移是接收信号的最早的天线元件121与接收相同信号的最晚的天线元件121的时间差。
由于每个客户端设备110在某些时间是静默的，在信号之间会有一点串音且数据线可能静默。在多于一个客户端设备110针对大多部分在相同位置的情况中(例如，“热点”)，如果时间偏移彼此如此相似以致信号被叠加接收，可能难以区分一个客户端设备110与另一个。在这些情况中，可以使用时分多址(TDMA)和/或码分多址(CDMA)传输技术。客户端设备110还可以去激活冲突检测机制以向基站发射机120进行传送而不用等待其他客户端设备110停止其传输，以实现与每个客户端设备110的全双向带宽能力。
网络交换机640从外部中央网络从厚数据管道(thick data pipe)接收数据(例如来往客户端设备110的数据分组)并在每个概念组件610来回通信数据，该概念组件610包括消息解码器611、求和器612和多个时间移位器613。数据经由D/D 620、数据网络交换机650和用于各自天线元件121的连接器660从概念组件610进入到天线元件121。此外，系统时钟630提供用于每个天线元件121的载波和时间同步信号。到客户端的出去的数据由网络交换机640提供给数据网络交换机650。
图7是根据实施方式的示例客户端设备110的示例功能框图。客户端设备110包括处理器115、与处理器115通信的发射机116、与处理器115通信的接收机117、与发射机116和接收机117通信的天线118、以及与处理器115通信以促进无线传输和接收的存储器119。处理器115可以被配置成处理用于传输给基站发射机阵列120和从其接收的数据通信。
图8A-8F是在检测新客户端设备110期间聚焦数据通信基站发射机阵列820的示例系统图。处于示例的目的，基站发射机阵列820基本与基站发射机阵列120相似，且虽然示出了19个天线元件821，但应当理解可以使用更多或更少的天线元件。此外，应当注意天线元件821基本与天线元件121相似。
当基站发射机阵列821操作时，其可以在其服务域内检测新客户端并确立用于通信的时间偏移。当客户端设备110被上电时，其尝试与基站发射机阵列820通信。因此，基站发射机阵列820可以将特定天线元件821调谐到特定方向。例如，在图8A中，天线元件9、11和12被调谐到第一方向。在图8B中，天线元件5、15和19被调谐到第二方向。在图8C中，天线元件6、14和17被调谐到第三方向。在图8D中，天线元件8、9和11被调谐到第四方向。在图8E中，天线元件1、5和15被调谐到第五方向。在图8F中，天线元件3、6和14被调谐到第六方向。调谐可以以软件方式实现，例如通过专用电路，例如上述的概念组件610来实现。
在图8A-8F所示的布局中，基站发射机阵列820的每个接收叶(lobe)可以具有75度的宽度，允许该阵列周围的重叠和全覆盖。但是，应当注意360度的任意子分区可以用于形成构成调谐方向集的接收叶。
图9示出了根据图8A-8F中的天线元件821调谐的聚焦数据通信系统900的示例阵列覆盖。基站发射机阵列920与基站发射机阵列120和820基本相似，包括覆盖区域930。多个覆盖叶940包括多个重叠区域941。因此，覆盖区域930内的新客户端设备110被基站发射机阵列920检测。
由于方向叶正监视还不知道的新客户端设备110，一旦检测到新客户端设备110，可以给其余的天线元件821提供信息以快速调整其各自的时间和相位偏移由此新检测到的客户端设备110接收其聚焦空间指向的数据信号。
由于所述信号被高度聚焦，客户端设备110的电池寿命可以增加，因为客户端设备110可以使用更少的功率来与基站发射机阵列120/420/820/920通信。此外，覆盖区域930可以大于针对相同功率的常规通信系统，因为聚焦的信号可以传播更远，而且因为阵列能够调谐到特定客户端设备110，而不是在多个方向发出信号功率。
图10A-10C是聚焦通信系统1000的方向性和位置实施方式的示例图。例如，在图10A中，该系统包括基站发射机阵列1020，其基本与基站发射机阵列120、420、820和920相似。由于常规数据通信阵列包括总体向下指向的天线，因此仅在地面级G的客户端设备110可以体验质量数据通信。因此，在高建筑物B的顶层的位置T的客户端设备110或在飞机A上的客户端设备110可能不可接收质量数据通信。
通过使用聚焦数据通信系统，例如使用基站发射机1020(示出在常规蜂窝塔上)，高质量信号可以被提供给在位置G、B或A的客户端设备110。
图10B和10C描述了在可以用于基于位置的服务(类似于GPS或导航服务)的实施方式中的聚焦数据通信系统1000。在图10B和10C中示出的示例中，在位置L的客户端设备110(示出为在建筑物B的附近)可以使用基站发射机阵列1020被定位。通过分析在基站发射机阵列1020的每个天线元件(未示出)的时间偏移，能够确定相对于基站发射机阵列1020的高度H的位置L的仰角(angle of altitude)。类似地，方位角(azimuth angle)θ能够通过知道相对于关于基站发射机阵列1020的北方的位置L的方向来确定。此外，由于距离d可以通过基站发射机阵列1020的配置来确定，因此位置服务可以被提供给在位置L的客户端设备110。有效地，通过检查在基站发射机阵列1020的时间延迟，可以确定客户端的方向。但是，由于基站发射机阵列1020具有体积尺寸，因此可以从体积的边缘追踪多个确定的方向以确定它们覆盖在哪，这可以提供实际位置(位置+距离)。
上述的方法和设备可以在物理通信层堆栈操作。但是，应当注意任意堆栈可以用于执行上述的方法和设备的任意所需的功能。
可以理解本发明不限于上述的实施方式，但是包含权利要求书的范围内的任意和所有实施方式。例如，上述的客户端设备可以涉及蜂窝电话、PDA或可以用于数据通信的任意其他无线设备。此外，例如基站发射机阵列的尺寸可以在(客户端数量)2.5的量级，但是可以使用任意尺寸。此外，虽然处于示例的目的客户端设备110示出为具有仅单个天线，应当注意客户端设备可以包括多于一个的天线。
此外，应当注意基站发射机阵列可以是以三维(3D)排列配置的大组天线，其中每个天线能够传送一个或多个数据编码信号，由此传送的信号是要被传送的已编码信号的和。如上所述，每个信号可以被添加特定时间偏移，其针对每个天线元件而不同。用于排列基站发射机阵列的天线元件的一个示例排列是使用3D准晶体(quasi-crystal)排列的示例。
此外，虽然以特定的组合在示例实施方式中描述了本申请的特征和元素，但是每个特征或元素可以被单独使用(无需示例实施方式的其他特征和元素)或以与(或无需)本申请的其他特征或元素的各种组合的形式。

Claims (2)

1.一种用于向一个或多个客户端设备传送数据的方法，该方法包括：
提供基站发射机阵列中的多个收发信机和天线元件；
在该阵列中建立已知调谐方向，每个调谐方向对应于所述天线元件的特定子集；
从所述客户端设备中的一个客户端设备接收编码的数据；
跟踪穿过所述天线元件的所述数据的输入时间偏移；
基于所接收的编码的数据为所述客户端设备中的一个客户端设备确定在所述阵列中的最佳已知调谐方向；
重新调谐其他已知调谐方向中的天线元件直到所述其他已知调谐方向中的天线元件最佳地接收所述编码的数据；
记录在这些调谐方向中穿过所述收发信机的所述数据的所述输入时间偏移；
基于所记录的输入时间偏移计算相反定时；以及
响应于所述编码的数据向所述客户端设备传送数据，其中所述多个天线元件基于所计算的相反定时进行传送。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，该方法还包括：
同时从多个客户端设备接收数据作为单个数据输入信号；
将所述单个数据输入信号解复用成多个数据信号，每个数据信号对应于所述多个客户端设备中的一个客户端设备；
准备针对所述多个客户端设备的每个客户端设备的响应数据信号；
通过复用所述响应数据信号生成输出数据信号；以及
将所述输出数据信号传送到所述多个客户端设备。
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TW201635820A (zh) 2016-10-01
EP2959601A4 (en) 2017-02-22
JP2016513425A (ja) 2016-05-12
CN107196692B (zh) 2021-08-17
US20230421234A1 (en) 2023-12-28
JP2023040297A (ja) 2023-03-22
CN107181518A (zh) 2017-09-19
EP3373471A1 (en) 2018-09-12
KR102330742B1 (ko) 2021-11-23
TW201511588A (zh) 2015-03-16
US11265064B2 (en) 2022-03-01
US9351281B2 (en) 2016-05-24
EP3373471B8 (en) 2021-08-11
JP2019149831A (ja) 2019-09-05
US9736815B2 (en) 2017-08-15
KR20150119943A (ko) 2015-10-26
US20140241231A1 (en) 2014-08-28
WO2014130787A1 (en) 2014-08-28
BR112015020236A2 (pt) 2017-07-18
CN105144603A (zh) 2015-12-09

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