CN105137661B - 一种取向膜制造方法 - Google Patents

一种取向膜制造方法 Download PDF

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CN105137661B
CN105137661B CN201510650573.3A CN201510650573A CN105137661B CN 105137661 B CN105137661 B CN 105137661B CN 201510650573 A CN201510650573 A CN 201510650573A CN 105137661 B CN105137661 B CN 105137661B
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蒋昆
赵伟
王建
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Beijing BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133711Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
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    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
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    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133711Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种取向膜制造方法,包括如下步骤:形成取向膜前驱体材料与液晶材料的混合物;在上下基板之间填充液晶材料与取向膜前驱体材料的混合物形成混合液晶层;将混合液晶层密封在液晶盒中;使液晶层按预定方向取向;使液晶层中的取向膜前驱体材料向上、下基板聚集;使上、下基板聚集的取向膜前驱体材料固化,形成预定方向的取向沟道。本发明取消了涂覆取向膜材料和摩擦取向的步骤,大大简化了现有取向膜固化成形工艺流程,同时由于该反应为异构化反应,反应中无活性小基团产生,避免了残像等不良的产生,另外,由于采用液晶分子来形成沟道,取向力远高于光配向的取向力,显示效果更优。

Description

一种取向膜制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种取向膜制造方法,属于液晶制造技术领域。
背景技术
液晶显示装置因具有功耗低、无辐射等优点,现已占据了平面显示领域的主导地位。
现有的液晶显示装置中液晶面板通常包括相对设置的阵列基板和彩膜基板,以及填充在阵列基板和彩膜基板之间的液晶层,其中,阵列基板上设有多个薄膜晶体管以及多个像素电极,像素电极与薄膜晶体管的漏极连接,在彩膜基板上设有与像素电极对应的公共电极。当通过薄膜晶体管为像素电极充电时,像素电极和公共电极之间形成电场,从而可控制像素电极对应的液晶区域内的液晶分子偏转,进而实现液晶显示功能。通常,为使液晶分子取向为一定方向,这种液晶面板具有设定成形成预定的预倾(pretilt)角的取向膜。制造这些取向膜的方法已知有:用人造丝等布沿一个方向摩擦在基板上形成的由聚酰亚胺等的高分子化合物构成的薄膜的摩擦处理方法。
随着液晶面板行业的发展,特别是小尺寸高PPI(Pixels Per Inch,图像分辨率)产品的不断发展,由于彩膜CF基板和薄膜晶体管TFT基板不平整导致的摩擦取向膜取向异常越来越明显,针对该问题开发了光配向取向膜技术,利用偏振紫外线的对取向材料的光化学反应,形成取向沟道进行取向,但是该方法同时存在由于光化学反应强度不足,导致配向力不足,同时该反应为断链反应,不可避免产生小分子活性基团,导致面板显示不良,特别是残像不良的产生。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:如何减小取向膜中的活性小基团产生,如何避免残像等不良的产生。
为实现上述的发明目的,本发明提供了一种取向膜制造方法,包括如下步骤:
形成取向膜前驱体材料与液晶材料的混合物;
在上下基板之间填充液晶材料与取向膜前驱体材料的混合物形成混合液晶层;
将混合液晶层密封在液晶盒中;
使液晶层按预定方向取向;
使液晶层中的取向膜前驱体材料向上、下基板聚集;
使上、下基板聚集的取向膜前驱体材料固化,形成预定方向的取向沟道。
其中较优地,所述取向膜前驱体材料与液晶材料的混合物的体积百分比为2%~4%。
其中较优地,所述取向膜前驱体材料为聚酰胺酸。
其中较优地,所述使液晶层按预定方向取向的步骤还包括向液晶层施加电场。
其中较优地,所述电场强度为:104N/C以上。
其中较优地,所述电场方向与液晶盒所在平面平行。
其中较优地,所述使液晶层中的取向膜前驱体材料向上、下基板聚集的步骤还包括向液晶盒施加第一微波或高频机械振动。
其中较优地,所述第一微波波长为:10~50mm。
其中较优地,所述使上、下基板聚集的取向膜前驱体材料固化的步骤包括向上下基板施加第二微波。
其中较优地,所述第二微波波长为:1~5mm。
其中较优地,所述使液晶层中的取向膜前驱体材料向上、下基板聚集和使上、下基板聚集的取向膜前驱体材料固化和步骤中还包括对液晶盒加热的子步骤。
其中较优地,所述液晶材料为耐辐射耐高温材料。
本发明提供的取向膜制造方法,将取向膜的前驱体材料溶解于液晶材料中,在强电场作用下,液晶沿特定方向进行取向,同时在第一微波作用下取向膜前躯体材料向上下基板聚集,同时在特定第二微波作用下引发生固化反应,生产取向膜材料,并且由于液晶分子固定排布,取向膜将按照液晶分子排布方向进行取向,形成取向沟道。本发明取消了涂覆取向膜材料和摩擦取向的步骤,大大简化了现有取向膜固化成形工艺流程,同时由于该反应为异构化反应,反应中无活性小基团产生,避免了残像等不良的产生,另外,由于采用液晶分子来形成沟道,取向力远高于光配向的取向力,显示效果更优。
附图说明
图1是现有技术中液晶CELL工艺流程示意图;
图2是本发明液晶成盒后液晶层内部结构图;
图3是图2所示的液晶盒施加微波形成取向膜结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
如图1所示,现有的液晶制作方法基本包括:形成彩膜基板。TFT阵列基板、清洗、涂覆取向膜、摩擦取向、设置隔垫物、涂布封框胶、注入液晶、真空成盒等工艺,但这种方式摩擦取向膜取向异常越来越明显,导致液晶显示不良。
如图2、图3所示,本发明提供一种取向膜制造方法,该方法包括如下步骤:形成取向膜前驱体材料14与液晶材料的混合物;在上下基板11、12之间填充液晶材料与取向膜前驱体材料14的混合物形成混合液晶层;将混合液晶层密封在液晶盒中;使液晶层按预定方向取向;使液晶层中的取向膜前驱体材料14向上、下基板11、12聚集;使上、下基板11、12上聚集的取向膜前驱体材料14固化,形成预定方向的取向沟道。下面对本发明提供的取向膜制造方法展开详细的说明。
在制备取向膜之前需要先制备取向膜前驱材料与液晶材料的混合物。取向膜的材料一般是聚酰亚胺,聚酰亚胺的前驱材料是聚酰胺酸。例如,将取向膜前驱材料溶解于液晶材料中,取向膜前驱材料优选为聚酰胺酸。由于取向膜前驱材料与液晶材料两者均为有机类材料,其互容性很好。取向膜前驱材料与液晶材料两者溶质体积百分比优选为2%~4%。如果取向膜前驱材料过少会导致取向膜厚度不够,最终致使取向不够,液晶显示品质受到影响;如果取向膜前驱材料过多会导致取向膜厚度过大,造成显示不均匀,另外取向膜前驱材料过多会导致取向膜前驱材料在液晶材料中无法溶解的问题。应当可以理解,在本发明本仅限于此,取向膜仍然可以采用其他材料制作,同样的可以采用对应的取向膜前驱材料与液晶材料混合。当然为了避免在后续取向膜形成过程中对液晶分子13造成损害,液晶材料优选为耐辐射耐高温材料。
在上、下基板11、12上涂布封框胶,在上、下基板11、12之间填充液晶材料与取向膜前驱体材料14的混合物形成混合液晶层;将上、下基板11、12对盒,所述液晶混合溶液扩散,将混合液晶层密封在液晶盒中。
如图2所示,液晶成盒后,将成盒后的液晶盒放置于强电场中,向液晶层施加电场,使液晶层按预定方向取向,液晶盒中的液晶分子13在电场的作用下按照预先设定的方向排列。电场方向优选与液晶盒所在平面平行。电场强度优选为104N/C以上。电场强度越强对液晶取向越有利。
如图3所示,液晶盒中的液晶分子13按预定方向取向后,保持电场不变,使液晶层中的取向膜前驱体材料14向上、下基板11、12聚集。使液晶层中的取向膜前驱体材料14向上、下基板11、12聚集方式可以选择将机械振动方式处理或将液晶盒放置在微波环境中向液晶盒施加微波,优选采用向液晶盒施加微波。具体地,向液晶盒中施加第一微波,微波的波长优选为10~50mm,该波长的微波能量足以使聚酰胺酸分子进一步聚合,分子量增大,从液晶材料中析出粘附在基板上。而如果波长进较小,聚酰胺酸将桥联成聚酰亚胺游离于液晶中,而无法为吸附在基板上,起到取向的作用。
如图3所示,由于聚酰胺酸分子的聚合作用较弱,在能量较低的第一微波辐射作用下,使得有极性的聚酰胺酸有机分子左右震荡,产生热量,分子量逐渐增大,当分子量增大到一定数量时,聚酰胺酸在液晶材料的溶解性降低,而其粘附力增加,从而聚酰胺酸从液晶中析出,而在外部轻微机械振动作用下粘附在上、下基板11、12上形成聚酰胺酸薄膜。由于聚酰胺酸分子量增长呈现指数级增长,低分子量分子的粘度低反应活性远高于高分子量分子,因此残留在液晶中的可能性很小。通过第一微波辐射或机械振动分离等方式破坏了聚酰胺酸在液晶材料中的溶解状态,使其析出,并吸附在上、下基板11、12上,完成取向膜前驱体材料14向上、下基板聚集的过程。使液晶层中的取向膜前驱体材料14向上、下基板聚集的过程中对液晶盒加热可以加快反应,使取向膜前驱体材料14向上、下基板加速析出,快速聚集。
如图3所示,使上、下基板聚集的取向膜前驱体材料14固化,形成预定方向的取向沟道的过程可以选择将液晶盒加热处理或将液晶盒放置在微波环境中向液晶盒施加微波,优选采用向液晶盒施加微波。具体地,向上、下基板11、12施加第二微波,第二微波波长需限制在1~5mm左右。第二微波向取向膜前驱体材料14提供能量,在第二微波作用下,上、下基板11、12聚集的取向膜前驱体材料14聚酰胺酸分子开始发生异构化反应生成取向膜材料聚酰亚胺,由于液晶分子13的定向取向作用,取向膜前驱体材料14异构化形成相应方向的取向沟道,完成取向膜15成形和取向过程。具体地,短波波长为1~5mm左右的第二微波具有足够的能量使得极性分子剧烈震荡,产生大量热量,使得聚酰胺酸发生异构化作用,形成固定的聚酰亚胺薄膜。第二微波是提供了聚酰胺酸异构化反应所需要的能量,可以通过加热的方法加快反应速度。对液晶盒加热可以加快固化的反应过程,使上、下基板聚集的取向膜前驱体材料14聚酰胺酸加速发生异构化作用形成聚酰亚胺薄膜,快速固化。
如图2、图3所示,在强电场作用下,按预定方向取向的液晶分子13会与逐渐成形的聚酰胺酸分子存在范德华力和静电作用力的双重作用,由于液晶分子13呈现棒状结构,聚酰亚胺分子异构过程中,高分子线团的构型和构象均会屈从与液晶分子13的排布而呈现一定方向的取向,而聚酰亚胺薄膜形成后,沟槽固定。当外加电场撤除时,液晶分子13又会由于范德华力和静电作用力保持之前外加电场存在时的排布,直到有另外的电场使之改变为止。
综上所述,本发明提供的取向膜制造方法,将取向膜的前驱体材料14溶解于液晶材料中,在强电场作用下,液晶沿特定方向进行取向,同时在第一微波作用下取向膜前驱体材料14向上、下基板11、12聚集,同时在特定第二微波作用下引发生固化反应,生产取向膜材料,并且由于液晶分子13固定排布,取向膜将按照液晶分子13排布方向进行取向,形成取向沟道。本发明取消了涂覆取向膜材料和摩擦取向的步骤,大大简化了现有取向膜固化成形工艺流程,同时由于该反应为异构化反应,反应中无活性小基团产生,避免了残像等不良的产生,另外,由于采用液晶分子来形成沟道,取向力远高于光配向的取向力,显示效果更优。
以上实施方式仅用于说明本发明,而并非对本发明的限制,有关技术领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,还可以做出各种变化和变型,因此所有等同的技术方案也属于本发明的范畴,本发明的专利保护范围应由权利要求限定。

Claims (12)

1.一种取向膜制造方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
形成取向膜前驱体材料与液晶材料的混合物;
在上下基板之间填充液晶材料与取向膜前驱体材料的混合物形成混合液晶层;
将混合液晶层密封在液晶盒中;
使液晶层按预定方向取向,之后,使液晶层中的取向膜前驱体材料向上、下基板聚集;
使上、下基板聚集的取向膜前驱体材料固化,形成预定方向的取向沟道。
2.如权利要求1所述的取向膜制造方法,其特征在于,所述取向膜前驱体材料与液晶材料两者溶质体积百分比为2%~4%。
3.如权利要求1所述的取向膜制造方法,其特征在于,所述取向膜前驱体材料为聚酰胺酸。
4.如权利要求1所述的取向膜制造方法,其特征在于,所述使液晶层按预定方向取向的步骤还包括向液晶层施加电场。
5.如权利要求4所述的取向膜制造方法,其特征在于,所述电场强度为:104N/C以上。
6.如权利要求4所述的取向膜制造方法,其特征在于,所述电场方向与液晶盒所在平面平行。
7.如权利要求1所述的取向膜制造方法,其特征在于,所述使液晶层中的取向膜前驱体材料向上、下基板聚集的步骤还包括向液晶盒施加第一微波或高频机械振动。
8.如权利要求7所述的取向膜制造方法,其特征在于,所述第一微波波长为:10~50mm。
9.如权利要求1所述的取向膜制造方法,其特征在于,所述使上、下基板聚集的取向膜前驱体材料固化的步骤包括向上下基板施加第二微波。
10.如权利要求9所述的取向膜制造方法,其特征在于,所述第二微波波长为:1~5mm。
11.如权利要求1~10任意一项所述的取向膜制造方法,其特征在于,所述使液晶层中的取向膜前驱体材料向上、下基板聚集的步骤和所述使上、下基板聚集的取向膜前驱体材料固化的步骤中均包括对液晶盒加热的子步骤。
12.如权利要求11所述的取向膜制造方法,其特征在于,所述液晶材料为耐辐射耐高温材料。
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