CN105121852B - 用于汽车的容积式泵 - Google Patents

用于汽车的容积式泵 Download PDF

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CN105121852B
CN105121852B CN201380075148.5A CN201380075148A CN105121852B CN 105121852 B CN105121852 B CN 105121852B CN 201380075148 A CN201380075148 A CN 201380075148A CN 105121852 B CN105121852 B CN 105121852B
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valve
positive displacement
pump
displacement pump
automobile
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CN105121852A (zh
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安德里亚斯·库内凯瑟
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Pierburg Pump Technology GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
    • F16K31/002—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices actuated by temperature variation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/10—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members
    • F04B39/1073—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members the members being reed valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/10—Valves; Arrangement of valves
    • F04B53/1037—Flap valves
    • F04B53/104—Flap valves the closure member being a rigid element oscillating around a fixed point
    • F04B53/1042—Flap valves the closure member being a rigid element oscillating around a fixed point by means of a flexible connection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B53/00—Component parts, details or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B23/00 or F04B39/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B53/10—Valves; Arrangement of valves
    • F04B53/1085—Valves; Arrangement of valves having means for limiting the opening height
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
    • F16K15/00—Check valves
    • F16K15/14—Check valves with flexible valve members
    • F16K15/16—Check valves with flexible valve members with tongue-shaped laminae
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7737—Thermal responsive
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
    • Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
    • Y10T137/7879—Resilient material valve
    • Y10T137/7888—With valve member flexing about securement
    • Y10T137/7891—Flap or reed
    • Y10T137/7892—With stop

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Check Valves (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Temperature-Responsive Valves (AREA)
  • Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及具有能够通过止回阀(22)进入的泵室(14)的汽车容积式泵(10)。止回阀(22)包括覆盖阀开口(30)的阀体(28)。此外，提供了阀行程限制器(26)，所述阀行程限制器包括机械温度元件(27)。所述温度元件(27)在温度降低时增大阀行程(d)，在温度上升时减小阀行程。

Description

用于汽车的容积式泵
本发明涉及具有能够通过止回阀进入的泵室的汽车容积式泵。止回阀包括覆盖阀开口的阀体。
这种容积式泵在汽车领域中得到各种应用。它们输送流体、通常为液体(特别是液体冷却剂或润滑剂)。然而，容积式泵还可以被设计为被润滑的气泵或被润滑的真空泵。
用于汽车的容积式泵被设计用于-40℃到+160℃的温度范围。在该温度区间内，润滑剂通常显示出非常不同的粘度。降低环境温度是增加这种润滑剂粘度的原因。为了避免损坏，需要通过结构性措施(即增大止回阀的阀开口横截面，使得即使在低至-40℃的低温下也确保润滑剂足够快地通过)来抵消这种增大的粘度。
然而，增大的润滑剂粘度和为此所需的大的阀开口横截面导致止回阀的长的闭合时间。当泵速高且润滑剂是温的时，长的闭合时间导致大的回流，该回流引起效率降低。
从现有技术已知用于保护容积式泵不受损坏的各种阀。例如在JP57146968中描述了一种适应于流体温度的双金属阀弹簧。文献JP 58160675也公开了一种具有由双金属制成的盘形阀弹簧的流体压力控制器。由此，阀体的打开特征是高度依赖温度的。
鉴于此，本发明的一个目的在于提供一种具有提高的效率的汽车容积式泵。
本发明涉及具有泵室的汽车容积式泵。能够通过止回阀进入泵室。止回阀包括阀体和阀行程限制器，其中所述阀体在位于其闭合位置中时覆盖和闭合阀开口。阀行程限制器限定阀体在最大打开处的打开位置，并且包括机械温度元件，所述机械温度元件在温度下降时增大阀行程，并且在温度上升时减小阀行程。
阀体的性能基本不受润滑剂温度影响，即阀体基本上与温度无关。借助于依赖温度的阀行程限制器，当润滑剂温度低时，阀的打开行程被设定为尽可能大，而当润滑剂温度高时，打开行程被设定为尽可能小。
在低润滑剂温度下，由此确保了尽管润滑剂粘度高，润滑剂也能够完全地并且以相对低的阻力流过大的开口横截面或阀打开行程。在另一方面，确保了当润滑剂温度高时，阀行程限制器具有短的闭合行程，并且由此更快地闭合。由此，尤其在泵的高转速的情况下提高了效率。
在一个优选实施例中，阀体被设计为片簧。该片簧在机械上是简单的，并且同时是阀体的低成本实施例。而且，片簧是弹性或柔性的。
有利地，阀行程限制器由双金属片形成。与阀体相反，阀行程限制器基本是刚性的。阀行程限制器由具有高线性膨胀系数的金属以及具有低线性膨胀系数的金属制成。
当阀行程限制器处存在具有较低温度的润滑剂(即具有较高粘度的润滑剂)时，阀行程限制器在打开方向上弯曲更多，并且止回阀的最大打开行程有所增大。当存在具有较高温度的润滑剂(即具有较低粘度的润滑剂)时，阀行程限制器在闭合方向上弯曲更多，并且止回阀的最大打开行程相应地有所缩短。
由此，阀行程限制器起行程限制构件和随温度变化的构件两者的作用。而且，阀行程限制器稳健、可靠、易于组装并且生产起来廉价。
作为替代方案，阀行程限制器还可以被设计为形状记忆材料体，特别是镍钛诺。使用形状记忆材料，实现阀的依赖温度的打开行程限制的元件能够以简单的方式实现。形状记忆材料体的作用基于所谓的双向(记忆)效应。由于双向效应，这种形状记忆合金能够记住两种形状(一种在高温下的形状和在一种较低温度下的形状)。
作为另一替代实施例，阀行程限制器还可以被设计为蜡元件。蜡元件是廉价的、结构简单并且能够被设计为具有故障保护的。
优选地，阀体和阀行程限制器每个都被形成为舌件，所述舌件通过它们的舌端中的一个被固定在泵室壁上。此处，阀体的形状和阀限制器的形 状可以与阀开口的形状相似。由此，能够通过单个紧固元件固定两个构件，由此组装被大大简化。
优选地，提供单个止回阀。然而，在另一实施例中，可以在泵室壁上并排布置多个止回阀。
在又一实施例中，止回阀可以是“蝶形布置”的“双舌”形状，即两个翼，也就是舌形阀行程限制器和相关联的阀体从紧固装置延伸越过泵室的两个阀开口。两个阀行程限制器和覆盖阀开口的两个阀体仅通过单个紧固装置被安装在泵室壁上。该紧固装置可以例如是螺钉形式。该“蝶形布置”具有的优点在于，由于很少的结构上的工作量，阀开口的数量能够翻倍，并且由此实现阀开口横截面的增大。
在另一实施例中，止回阀被分配到出口侧。而且，止回阀还可以被提供在入口侧上，即吸取侧上。后一种布置被提供用于在正如当内燃机以逆转方式运行时机械容积式泵可能发生的那样、泵以逆转方式运行的情况。
优选地，汽车容积式泵是油润滑的真空泵或润滑剂泵。待泵送的流体优选地是润滑油，特别当待供给的组合件是待润滑的内燃机时尤其如此。该汽车容积式泵还可以是油润滑的真空泵，其中不仅空气，润滑剂也通过泵室出口被排出。
在以下的图1和图2中示意地图示了根据本发明的设备的实施例并且将在下文描述所述实施例。
图1示出了具有止回阀的汽车容积式泵的透视图，和
图2示出了图1的止回阀的翼的放大图。
图1图示了用于汽车的容积式泵10，在本情况中，所述泵是利用润滑剂润滑的真空泵。容积式泵10向次级组合件(例如制动助力器等)供给小于100mbar的真空。为了提高效率和减少机械磨损，真空泵10利用液体润滑剂来润滑。
容积式泵10具有泵壳体12。泵壳体12围绕具有多个泵室壁20的泵室14。在两个前端泵室壁20中的一个上布置有双舌止回阀22。该止回阀22通过紧固装置24被提供在泵室壁14上，并且打开或闭合两个相关联的 阀开口30。
将在下文参照图2描述本发明的止回阀22，图2是双舌止回阀22的翼的示意图。图1中示出的用于容积式泵10的止回阀22包括一个阀行程限制器26和一个阀体28。阀行程限制器26和阀体28两者均覆盖被提供在泵室壁20中的阀开口30。
阀体28被形成为片簧29。该片簧29在闭合方向上提供了阀体28的一定预拉伸。该预拉伸限定打开压力或限制压力。当泵室14中的润滑剂压力超过限制压力时，止回阀22由于阀体28在打开方向上的移动而打开。当润滑剂的压力进一步增大时，阀体28抵靠阀行程限制器26，使得打开整个阀行程d。
在低的润滑剂温度下，由双金属片形式的温度元件形成的阀行程限制器26位于相当远的打开位置。当围绕阀行程限制器26的润滑剂温度上升时，阀行程限制器26在闭合方向上移动并且阀行程d变得更短。由此，流过阀开口30的润滑剂的量明显减少，而同时闭合时间缩短。
一个特别的优点在于，在外部形状和连接尺寸方面，止回阀22与常规止回阀或泄压阀仅有微小的区别，使得能够在微小工作量的情况下由常规阀来替代本实施例。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于汽车的容积式泵，所述容积式泵包括：
配置为供润滑剂流从中穿过的泵室；
配置为控制对所述泵室的进入的止回阀，所述止回阀包括阀开口和配置为覆盖所述阀开口的阀体；和
由机械温度元件构成的阀行程限制器，所述机械温度元件配置为在温度下降时增大所述阀体的行程距离并且在温度上升时减小所述阀体的行程距离；
其中，
所述机械温度元件由双金属片构成；
所述阀体为片簧；和
所述容积式泵为油润滑真空泵。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于汽车的容积式泵，其中，所述机械温度元件由形状记忆材料体形成。
3.如权利要求1所述的用于汽车的容积式泵，其中，所述机械温度元件包括蜡元件。
4.如权利要求1所述的用于汽车的容积式泵，其中，
所述泵室包括泵室壁，并且
所述阀体和所述阀行程限制器每个被形成为舌件，所述舌件通过一个舌端被固定在所述泵室壁上。
5.如权利要求1所述的用于汽车的容积式泵，还包括泵室出口阀，其中，所述止回阀被分配为所述泵室出口阀。
6.如权利要求1所述的用于汽车的容积式泵，其中，所述机械温度元件由镍钛诺形成。
CN201380075148.5A 2013-03-25 2013-03-25 用于汽车的容积式泵 Expired - Fee Related CN105121852B (zh)

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JP2016514786A (ja) 2016-05-23
US20160047482A1 (en) 2016-02-18
EP2978971B1 (de) 2017-08-02
EP2978971A1 (de) 2016-02-03
CN105121852A (zh) 2015-12-02

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