CN105121631B - The genetic modification of rat - Google Patents
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- CN105121631B CN105121631B CN201480021152.8A CN201480021152A CN105121631B CN 105121631 B CN105121631 B CN 105121631B CN 201480021152 A CN201480021152 A CN 201480021152A CN 105121631 B CN105121631 B CN 105121631B
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Abstract
Provide the composition and method for being used to prepare the rat pluripotent cells that (ES) cell is done including rat embryo and totipotent cell.Provide the composition and method of the system genitale transmission efficiency or frequency for improving genetic modification in rat.Such method and composition includes the in vitro culture containing feeder layer and rat ES cells group or rat ES cells system, wherein the condition of in vitro culture maintains the versatility of the ES cell and contains the culture medium with mouse leukemia inhibiting factor (LIF) or its active variant or segment.Additionally provide the various methods for establishing such rat ES cells system.The method of the rat ES cells of selection genetic modification is additionally provided, and generates the various methods of transgenic rat by the rat ES cells of genetic modification provided in this article.It is additionally provided with various reagents box and product.
Description
Field
The present invention provides non-human pluripotent cell, totipotent cell and embryo and does (embryonic stem, ES) cell, especially
It is rat pluripotent cells, totipotent cell and/or rat ES cells, with and preparation method thereof.It provides and is used to prepare rat multipotency
The method of cell, totipotent cell and ES cell.It provides for targeting rat pluripotent cells, totipotent cell and/or ES cell
Method.Provide the method for realizing the system genitale transmitting of genetic modification in rat cell.It provides for derivatization, life
Grow and maintain the culture medium of rat pluripotent cells, totipotent cell and ES cell.
The reference for the sequence table submitted in the form of text file through EFS-WEB
The document of sequence table is according to American Standard Code for Information Interchange (American Standard Code for
Information Interchange, ASCII) it is submitted in the form of text file via EFS-Web together with specification, file
Title is 441914seqlist.txt, created on 2 20th, 2014 and size is 2Kb.The sequence submitted via EFS-Web
During list is a part of this specification and is incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
Background
Rat has become numerous applications, including but not limited to, the valuable model of the application in terms of drug discovery.By
In being difficult to obtain the rat of genetic modification, exactly, it is difficult to develop for carrying out genetic modification to rat, and generating can be with
For in genetic modification scheme (scheme for including but not limited to, causing the system genitale of genetic modification to be transmitted in rat gene group)
Useful rat cell method, therefore the serviceability of rat slightly reduce.
There is a need in the art for can be by genetic modification at the rat cell (example that can transmit the genetic modification by system genitale
Such as embryonic stem cell).There is a need in the art for the frequencies for improving the system genitale transmitting for carrying out genetic modification in rats.
There is a need in the art for the confessions from various rat strains for the F0 rat that can generate F0 or full donor cell sources
Body rat pluripotent cells, totipotent cell and/or ES cell.It there is a need for being able to generate comprising system genitale genetic modification in this field
Donor rat pluripotent cell, totipotent cell and/or the ES cell of rat.
Brief summary of the invention
Provide the combination of the rat multipotency and/or totipotent cell that are used to prepare including dry (ES) cell of rat embryo
Object and method.Provide the composition and method of the system genitale transmission efficiency or frequency for improving genetic modification in rat.?
Various aspects, these method and compositions include external containing feeder layer and rat ES cells group or rat ES cells system
Culture, wherein condition of in vitro culture allows to maintain the versatility of the rat ES cells.It additionally provides and establishes rat ES cells
The various methods of system.The method of the rat ES cells of selection genetic modification is additionally provided, and is provided herein by the something lost
The rat ES cells for passing modification generate the various methods of transgenic rat.It is additionally provided with various reagents box and product.
Non-limiting embodiments are as follows:
1. a kind of isolated rat ES cells of the strain selected from ACI or DA, wherein the isolated rat ES cells energy
Its genome is enough transmitted by system genitale.
2. the isolated rat ES cells as described in embodiment 1, wherein the cell source is from ACI rat.
3. the isolated rat ES cells as described in embodiment 1 or 2, wherein the cell source is from Dark Agouti
(DA) rat .2.
4. the isolated rat ES cells as described in embodiment 1,2 or 3, wherein the cell is euploid and can
Targeting genetic modification is transmitted by the system genitale.
5. the isolated rat ES cells as described in embodiment 4, wherein the rat ES cells include at least 3% institute
State the system genitale transmission efficiency of targeting genetic modification.
6. the isolated rat ES cells as described in embodiment 4, wherein the rat ES cells are at least 60%
The system genitale transmission efficiency of the targeting genetic modification.
7. the isolated rat ES cells as described in any one of embodiment 1-6, wherein the rat ES cells show
At least 2% homologous recombination targets efficiency out.
8. the isolated rat ES cells as described in any one of embodiment 1-8, wherein the rat ES cells can
After a continuous electroporation of wheel, targeting genetic modification is transmitted in filial generation.
9. the isolated rat ES cells as described in any one of embodiment 1-8, wherein the rat ES cells include
One or more, two or more or three or more targeting genetic modifications.
10. the isolated rat ES cells as described in any one of embodiment 4-9, wherein the targeting genetic modification packet
Insertion is included, missing, knocks out, knock in, point mutation or combinations thereof.
11. the isolated rat ES cells as described in embodiment 9, wherein the targeting genetic modification includes the cell
Genome in heterologous polynucleotide at least one at be inserted into.
12. the isolated rat ES cells as described in embodiment 11, wherein the heterologous polynucleotide includes selection mark
Remember object.
13. the isolated rat ES cells as described in embodiment 12, wherein (a) described selectable marker includes that can operate
Ground is connected to the unattenuated selectable marker gene of promoter；Or (b) rat ES cells include to encode the selection mark
Remember at least two copy of the polynucleotides of object.
14. the isolated rat ES cells as described in embodiment 12, wherein the selectable marker is compared to wild type
Selectable marker has increased activity.
15. the isolated rat ES cells as described in any one of embodiment 1-14, wherein the rat ES cells are worked as
When painting is laid in the feeder layer in the culture comprising LIF polypeptide, GSK3 inhibitor and mek inhibitor, spherical collection is formed
It falls.
16. the isolated rat ES cells as described in any one of embodiment 1-15, wherein the rat ES cells are worked as
When cultivating in vitro, it is loosely adhered to the feeder layer.
17. the isolated rat ES cells as described in any one of embodiment 1-16, wherein the cell does not need side
LIF signal transduction is secreted to maintain versatility.
18. the isolated rat ES cells as described in any one of embodiment 1-17, wherein the cell is male
(XY) rat ES cells.
19. the isolated rat ES cells as described in any one of embodiment 1-19, wherein the cell is female
(XX) rat ES cells.
20. the isolated rat ES cells as described in any one of embodiment 1-19, wherein the rat ES cells can
To be passed in the culture medium comprising GSK3 inhibitor and mek inhibitor up at least 11 times, repaired without reducing its targeting heredity
The targeting efficiency or system genitale transmission efficiency of decorations.
21. the isolated rat ES cells as described in any one of embodiment 1-20, wherein the rat ES cells table
Up at least one multipotency marker selected from the following: Dnmt3L, Eras, Err- β, Fbxo15, Fgf4, Gdf3, Klf4, Lef1,
LIF receptor, Lin28, Nanog, Oct4, Sox15, Sox2, Utf1 or combinations thereof.
22. the isolated rat ES cells as described in any one of embodiment 1-21, wherein the rat ES cells are not
One or more multipotency markers of the expression selected from c-Myc, Ecat1, Rexo1 or combinations thereof.
23. the isolated rat ES cells as described in any one of embodiment 1-22, wherein the rat ES cells are not
One or more mesodermal markers of the expression selected from Brachyury, Bmpr2 or combinations thereof.
24. the isolated rat ES cells as described in any one of embodiment 1-23, wherein the rat ES cells are not
One or more endodermal marker objects of the expression selected from Gata6, Sox17, Sox7 or combinations thereof.
25. the isolated rat ES cells as described in any one of embodiment 1-24, wherein the rat ES cells are not
Expression is selected from one or more neural markers objects of nestin, Pax6 or combinations thereof.
26. the isolated rat ES cells as described in any one of embodiment 1-25, wherein cell expression includes
The multipotency marker of Oct-4, Sox2, alkaline phosphatase or combinations thereof.
27. the isolated rat ES cells as described in any one of embodiment 1-26, wherein the rat ES cells with
The expression of one or more rat ESC specific genes is characterized, and the rat ESC specific gene is in following object
It is one or more: to be adhesively joined GAP-associated protein GAP (Ajap1), tight junction protein 5 (Cldn5), the exchange of Cdc42 guanylic acid
The factor 9 (Arhgef9), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (Camk4), ephrins-A1 (Efna1), EPH receptor
A4 (Epha4), gap junction protein β 5 (Gjb5), insulin-like growth factor binding protein sample 1 (Igfbpl1), leucocyte are situated between
36 β of element (Il1f8), 8 receptor alpha of interleukin 2 (Il28ra), left and right factor of determination 1 (Lefty1), LIF ELISA by
Body α (Lifr), lpa receptor 2 (Lpar2), neuron pentraxins receptor (Ntm), non-receptor 18 type protein junket
The homologous frame 2 (Cdx2) of propylhomoserin phosphatase (Ptpn18), tail type, type III fibronectin and ankyrin repeat domains 1 (Fank1),
Plug frame E1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2) (Foxe1), the primitive containing YRPW crinosity/enhancer fracture GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2),
Plug frame E1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2) (Foxe1), the primitive containing YRPW crinosity/enhancer fracture GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2),
Lymph sample enhancer binding factor 1 (Lef1), Sal sample albumen 3 (drosophila) (Sall3), the homologous frame 1 (Satb1) of SATB, miR-
632 or combinations thereof.
28. a kind of isolated rat ES cells group, wherein at least 70% rat ES cells are euploids and work as
It applies in vitro and forms spherical colony when being laid in feeder layer.
29. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in embodiment 28, wherein the rat ES cells are derived from ACI
Rat.
30. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in embodiment 28, wherein the rat ES cells are derived from
Dark Agouti (DA) rat.
31. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in any one of embodiment 28-30, wherein the rat ES cells
Its genome can be transmitted by system genitale.
32. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in any one of embodiment 28-31, wherein the rat ES cells
System genitale transmission efficiency at least 3% targeting genetic modification.
33. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in any one of embodiment 28-31, wherein the rat ES cells
System genitale transmission efficiency at least 60% targeting genetic modification.
34. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in any one of embodiment 28-31, wherein the rat ES cells
Show at least 2% homologous recombination targeting efficiency.
35. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in any one of embodiment 28-34, wherein the rat ES cells
Targeting genetic modification can be transmitted in filial generation after a continuous electroporation of wheel.
36. the separation group as described in any one of embodiment 28-35, wherein the rat ES cells include one or more
A, two or more or three or more targeting genetic modifications, and the system genitale can be passed through and transmit the target
To genetic modification.
37. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in embodiment 36, wherein the targeting genetic modification is in rat
At Rosa26 locus.
38. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in embodiment 36, wherein the targeting genetic modification include insertion,
It lacks, knock out, knocking in, point mutation or combinations thereof.
39. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in embodiment 36, wherein the targeting genetic modification includes described
It is inserted at least the one of heterologous polynucleotide in the genome of cell.
40. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in embodiment 39, wherein the heterologous polynucleotide includes selection
Marker.
41. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in embodiment 40, wherein
(a) selectable marker includes the unattenuated selectable marker gene for being operably connected to promoter；Or
(b) rat ES cells include at least two copy for encoding the polynucleotides of the selectable marker.
42. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in embodiment 40, wherein the selectable marker is compared to wild
Type selectable marker has increased activity.
43. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in any one of embodiment 28-42, wherein the cell is when painting paving
In the culture comprising LIF polypeptide, GSK3 inhibitor and mek inhibitor when in feeder layer, spherical colony is formed.
44. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in any one of embodiment 28-43, wherein the cell is when in body
When outer culture, it is loosely adhered to the feeder layer.
45. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in any one of embodiment 28-44, wherein the cell does not need
Paracrine LIF signal transduction maintains versatility.
46. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in any one of embodiment 28-44, wherein the rat ES cells
It is male (XY) rat ES cells.
47. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in any one of embodiment 28-44, wherein the rat ES cells
It is female (XX) rat ES cells.
48. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in any one of embodiment 28-47, wherein the rat ES cells
It can be passed in the culture medium comprising GSK3 inhibitor and mek inhibitor up at least 11 times, without reducing its targeting heredity
The targeting efficiency or system genitale transmission efficiency of modification.
49. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in any one of embodiment 28-48, wherein the rat ES cells
At least one multipotency marker selected from the following of expression: Dnmt3L, Eras, Err- β, Fbxo15, Fgf4, Gdf3, Klf4,
Lef1, LIF receptor, Lin28, Nanog, Oct4, Sox15, Sox2, Utf1 or combinations thereof.
50. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in any one of embodiment 28-49, wherein the rat ES cells
One or more multipotency markers selected from c-Myc, Ecat1, Rexo1 or combinations thereof are not expressed.
51. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in any one of embodiment 28-50, wherein the rat ES cells
One or more mesodermal markers selected from Brachyury, Bmpr2 or combinations thereof are not expressed.
52. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in any one of embodiment 28-51, wherein the rat ES cells
One or more endodermal marker objects selected from Gata6, Sox17, Sox7 or combinations thereof are not expressed.
53. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in any one of embodiment 28-52, wherein the rat ES cells
One or more neural markers objects selected from nestin, Pax6 or combinations thereof are not expressed.
54. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in any one of embodiment 28-53, wherein the rat ES cells
Expression includes the multipotency marker of Oct-4, Sox2, alkaline phosphatase or combinations thereof.
55. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in any one of embodiment 28-54, wherein the rat ES cells
Characterized by the expression of one or more rat ESC specific genes, the rat ESC specific gene is in following object
It is one or more: be adhesively joined GAP-associated protein GAP (Ajap1), tight junction protein 5 (Cldn5), Cdc42 guanylic acid hand over
Change the factor 9 (Arhgef9), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (Camk4), ephrins-A1 (Efna1), EPH by
Body A4 (Epha4), gap junction protein β 5 (Gjb5), insulin-like growth factor binding protein sample 1 (Igfbpl1), leucocyte
36 β of interleukin (Il1f8), 8 receptor alpha of interleukin 2 (Il28ra), left and right factor of determination 1 (Lefty1), LIF ELISA
Receptor alpha (Lifr), lpa receptor 2 (Lpar2), neuron pentraxins receptor (Ntm), non-receptor 18 type protein
The homologous frame 2 (Cdx2) of tyrosine phosphatase (Ptpn18), tail type, type III fibronectin and ankyrin repeat domains 1
(Fank1), crinosity/enhancer fracture GAP-associated protein GAP 2 of plug frame E1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2) (Foxe1), the primitive containing YRPW
(Hey2), crinosity/enhancer fracture GAP-associated protein GAP 2 of plug frame E1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2) (Foxe1), the primitive containing YRPW
(Hey2), lymph sample enhancer binding factor 1 (Lef1), Sal sample albumen 3 (drosophila) (Sall3), the homologous frame 1 of SATB
(Satb1), miR-632 or combinations thereof.
56. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in any one of embodiment 28-55, wherein the group includes extremely
Few 104A cell.
57. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in any one of embodiment 28-56, wherein the rat ES cells
With one or more features, the feature includes:
A. at least 90% rat ES cells are euploids；
B. at least 70% rat ES cells express at least one multipotency marker；Wherein at least one multipotency
Marker includes Oct-4, Sox2, alkaline phosphatase or combinations thereof；
C. the cell from the rat ES cells group with rat Host embryos when combining, by the rat ES cells system
Genome be transmitted in offspring；
D. the rat ES cells loosely adhere to feeder layer when cultivating in vitro；
E. the rat ES cells form spherical colony when applying be laid in feeder layer in vitro；(f) rat
ES cell when comprising GSK3 inhibitor, mek inhibitor, the culture medium of LIF and not by genetic modification at expression LIF raising it is thin
Versatility is maintained when in vitro culture in born of the same parents' layer；
F. the rat ES cells show at least 2% homologous recombination targeting efficiency；
G. the rat ES cells maintain versatility in vitro, without paracrine LIF signal transduction；
H. at least 70% rat ES cells be euploid and when in vitro apply be laid in feeder layer when, shape
Glomeration colony；
I. at least one multipotency marker selected from the following of rat ES cells expression: Dnmt3L, Eras, Err- β,
Fbxo15, Fgf4, Gdf3, Klf4, Lef1, LIF receptor, Lin28, Nanog, Oct4, Sox15, Sox2, Utf1 or combinations thereof；
J. the rat ES cells do not express one or more differentiation markers selected from c-Myc, Ecat1, Rexo1；
K. the rat ES cells do not express one or more mesoderm marks selected from Brachyury, Bmpr2 or combinations thereof
Remember object；
L. the rat ES cells do not express one or more entoderms selected from Gata6, Sox17, Sox7 or combinations thereof
Marker；And/or
M. the rat ES cells do not express one or more neural markers objects selected from nestin, Pax6 or combinations thereof.
58. the isolated rat ES cells group as described in any one of embodiment 28-57, wherein (a) described rat ES
Cell is derived from rat blastaea；(b) rat ES cells are derived from rat morula embryos；And/or (c) the rat ES
Cell line is derived from superovulated rat.
59. a kind of in vitro culture, the in vitro culture does (ES) cell mass comprising feeder layer, rat embryo,
And the culture medium containing LIF ELISA (LIF), GSK3 inhibitor and mek inhibitor, wherein at least 70% it is described big
Mouse ES cell is euploid and the rat ES cells form spherical colony.
60. the in vitro culture as described in embodiment 59 or 60, wherein the rat ES cells are loosely adhered to institute
State feeder layer.
61. the in vitro culture as described in embodiment 59,60 or 61, wherein the rat ES cells can pass through reproduction
System transmits its genome.
62. the in vitro culture as described in embodiment 59,60 or 61, wherein the rat ES cells are big from ACI
Mouse.
63. the in vitro culture as described in embodiment 59,60 or 61, wherein the rat ES cells are derived from Dark
Agouti (DA) rat .2.
64. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-63, wherein the rat ES cells can pass through
The system genitale transmitting targeting genetic modification.
65. the in vitro culture as described in embodiment 64, wherein the rat ES cells include at least 3% target
To the system genitale transmission efficiency of genetic modification.
66. the in vitro culture as described in embodiment 64, wherein the rat ES cells at least 60% it is described
Target the system genitale transmission efficiency of genetic modification.
67. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-66, wherein the rat ES cells show to
Few 2% homologous recombination targets efficiency.
68. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-67, wherein the rat ES cells can be one
After taking turns continuous electroporation, targeting genetic modification is transmitted in filial generation.
69. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-68, wherein the rat ES cells include one
Or multiple, two or more or three or more targeting genetic modifications.
70. the in vitro culture as described in embodiment 69, wherein the targeting genetic modification includes being inserted into, lacking, striking
It removes, knock in, point mutation or combinations thereof.
71. the in vitro culture as described in embodiment 69, wherein the targeting genetic modification includes the base of the cell
Because being inserted at least one of heterologous polynucleotide in group.
72. the in vitro culture as described in embodiment 71, wherein the heterologous polynucleotide includes selectable marker.
73. the in vitro culture as described in embodiment 72, wherein (a) described selectable marker includes to be operably connected
To the unattenuated selectable marker gene of promoter；Or (b) rat ES cells include to encode the selectable marker
At least two of polynucleotides copies.
74. the in vitro culture as described in embodiment 72, wherein the selectable marker selects to mark compared to wild type
Remember that object has increased activity.
75. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-74, wherein the cell does not need paracrine
LIF signal transduction maintains versatility.
76. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-75, wherein the cell is male (XY) rat
ES cell.
77. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-75, wherein the cell is female (XX) rat
ES cell.
78. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-77, wherein the rat ES cells can wrap
It is passed in the culture medium of inhibitor containing GSK3 and mek inhibitor up at least 11 times, without reducing its target for targeting genetic modification
To efficiency or system genitale transmission efficiency.
79. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-78, wherein rat ES cells expression is at least
A kind of multipotency marker selected from the following: Dnmt3L, Eras, Err- β, Fbxo15, Fgf4, Gdf3, Klf4, Lef1, LIF by
Body, Lin28, Nanog, Oct4, Sox15, Sox2, Utf1 or combinations thereof.
80. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-79, wherein the rat ES cells do not express choosing
From one or more multipotency markers of c-Myc, Ecat1, Rexo1 or combinations thereof.
81. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-80, wherein the rat ES cells do not express choosing
From one or more mesodermal markers of Brachyury, Bmpr2 or combinations thereof.
82. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-81, wherein the rat ES cells do not express choosing
From one or more endodermal marker objects of Gata6, Sox17, Sox7 or combinations thereof.
83. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-82, wherein the rat ES cells do not express choosing
From one or more neural markers objects of nestin, Pax6 or combinations thereof.
84. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-83, wherein cell expression include Oct-4,
The multipotency marker of Sox2, alkaline phosphatase or combinations thereof.
85. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-84, wherein the rat ES cells with one or
The expression of multiple rat ESC specific genes is characterized, the rat ESC specific gene be selected from one of following object or
It is a variety of: to be adhesively joined GAP-associated protein GAP (Ajap1), tight junction protein 5 (Cldn5), Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9
(Arhgef9), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (Camk4), ephrins-A1 (Efna1), EPH receptor A4
(Epha4), gap junction protein β 5 (Gjb5), insulin-like growth factor binding protein sample 1 (Igfbpl1), interleukins
36 β (Il1f8), 8 receptor alpha of interleukin 2 (Il28ra), left and right factor of determination 1 (Lefty1), leukemia inhibitory factor receptor
α (Lifr), lpa receptor 2 (Lpar2), neuron pentraxins receptor (Ntm), non-receptor 18 type protein junket ammonia
The homologous frame 2 (Cdx2) of acid phosphoric acid enzyme (Ptpn18), tail type, type III fibronectin and ankyrin repeat domains 1 (Fank1), fork
Head frame E1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2) (Foxe1), crinosity/enhancer fracture GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2) of the primitive containing YRPW, fork
Crinosity/enhancer fracture GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2), the leaching of head frame E1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2) (Foxe1), the primitive containing YRPW
Bar sample enhancer binding factor 1 (Lef1), Sal sample albumen 3 (drosophila) (Sall3), the homologous frame 1 (Satb1) of SATB, miR-632
Or combinations thereof.
86. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-84, wherein the concentration of LIF be 50U/ml extremely
150U/ml。
87. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-85, wherein the concentration of LIF is 100U/ml.
88. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-87, wherein the LIF is from mouse or packet
Containing at least 92% sequence identity with SEQ ID NO:1.
89. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-88, wherein the rat ES cells are able to maintain that
Versatility, without paracrine LIF signal transduction.
90. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-89, wherein the feeder layer is not hereditary
It is modified into expression LIF.
91. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-90, wherein the feeder layer includes silk
Divide mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) single layer of inactivation.
92. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-91, wherein the mek inhibitor includes
PD0325901。
93. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-92, wherein the GSK-3 inhibitor includes
CHIR99021。
94. the in vitro culture as described in any one of embodiment 59-93, wherein the rat ES cells group is derived from
Rat blastula embryo or rat morula embryos.
95. the in vitro culture as described in embodiment 94, wherein the blastula stage or the morula stage rat embryo
Additionally comprise the outgrowth of undifferentiated amorphous rat ES cells group.
96. the in vitro culture as described in embodiment 94, wherein the rat ES cells group is fixed comprising undifferentiated nothing
The isolated outgrowth of shape rat ES cells group.
97. the method that one kind does (ES) cell line for generating rat embryo, which comprises (a) is cultivated in vitro
First feeder layer and morula stage or blastula stage rat embryo, wherein the morula stage or blastula stage rat embryo is saturating
Oolemma has been removed, and wherein condition of culture maintains the versatility of rat ES cells and includes to press down with mouse leukemia
The factor (LIF) processed at least 91% sequence identity and has the active sequence of LIF and GSK3 with SEQ ID NO:1
The culture medium of inhibitor and mek inhibitor；And (b) outgrowth of undifferentiated amorphous rat ES cells group is transferred to and includes
In the in vitro culture hole of second feeder layer, and including the active variant with the mouse LIF or the mouse LIF
Culture medium under conditions of cultivate the outgrowth, and thus maintain the versatility of the rat ES cells；And it thus establishes big
Mouse ES cell line.
98. the method as described in embodiment 97, wherein the rat ES cells system passes at least 5 times.
99. the method as described in embodiment 97 or 98, wherein the rat ES cells system passes at least 10 times.
100. the method as described in embodiment 97,98 or 99, wherein the culture medium includes about 50U/ml to about 150U/
The mouse LIF of ml.
101. the method as described in any one of embodiment 97-100, wherein the culture medium includes about 100U/ml's
Mouse LIF.
102. the method as described in any one of embodiment 97-101, wherein the feeder layer is not by genetic modification
At expression LIF.
103. the method as described in any one of embodiment 97-102, wherein the feeder layer includes mitosis
Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) single layer of inactivation.
104. the method as described in any one of embodiment 97-103, wherein the mek inhibitor includes
PD0325901。
105. the method as described in any one of embodiment 97-104, wherein the GSK-3 inhibitor includes
CHIR99021。
106. the method as described in any one of embodiment 97-105, wherein (a) described rat ES cells system is derived from
ACI rat is derived from Dark Agouti (DA) rat；(b) the rat ES cells system is derived from morula stage or blastula stage
Rat embryo；And/or (c) the rat ES cells system is derived from morula stage or blastula embryo from super ovulation rat.
107. the method as described in any one of embodiment 97-106, wherein the culture medium additionally comprises FGF receptor
At least one of inhibitor, ROCK inhibitor or ALK inhibitor.
108. the method as described in embodiment 107, wherein the FGF receptor inhibitor includes PD184352, it is described
ROCK inhibitor includes Y-27632 or the ALK inhibitor includes A-83-01.
109. the method as described in any one of embodiment 97-108, wherein at least one rat ES cells have at least
The system genitale transmission efficiency of 3% targeting genetic modification.
110. the method as described in any one of embodiment 97-109, wherein the system genitale of the targeting genetic modification passes
Passing efficiency is at least 60%.
111. the method that the rat embryo of heterologous polynucleotide does (ES) cell that is incorporated to is stablized in a kind of selection in genome,
The described method includes: (a) provides external rat ES cells group；(b) heterologous polynucleotide is introduced at least one rat ES cells
In, the heterologous polynucleotide includes to be operably connected to the selection of active promoter in the rat ES cells
Marker；And (c) the rat ES cells group described in vitro culture in alternate first culture medium and the second culture medium, wherein described
First culture medium includes a effective amount of selective agent, keeps first time period, and second culture medium does not include the selection
Agent, wherein the condition of in vitro culture is enough to maintain versatility；Thus select the stable integration in genome enter it is described different
The rat ES cells of source polynucleotides.
112. the method as described in embodiment 111, wherein first culture medium and second culture medium every 24 are small
When replace.
113. the method as described in embodiment 111 or 112, wherein the selectable marker assigns antibiotic resistance.
114. the method as described in any one of embodiment 111-113, wherein the antibiotic includes G418.
115. the method as described in embodiment 111-114, wherein the selectable marker is shifted comprising neomycin phosphoric acid
Enzyme (neor), hygromycin B phosphotransferase (hygr), puromycin-N-acetyl-transferase (puror), imoticidin S deamination
Enzyme (bsrr), xanthine/guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (gpt) and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-k) or its group
It closes.
116. the method as described in any one of embodiment 111-115, wherein (a) described selectable marker is compared to open country
Raw type selectable marker has increased activity；And/or (b) multiple copies of the selectable marker be steadily incorporated to it is described
In the genome of rat ES cells.
117. the method as described in embodiment 116, wherein the selectable marker is unattenuated selectable marker.
118. it is a kind of for doing the method that (ES) cell carries out genetic modification to isolated rat embryo, the method includes
Heterologous polynucleotide is introduced into the genome of the isolated rat ES cells as described in any one of embodiment 1-58, with shape
At the rat ES cells of genetic modification.
119. a kind of method for the rat for generating genetic modification, which comprises
(a) heterologous polynucleotide is introduced into the isolated rat embryo as described in any one of embodiment 1-58 and does (ES)
In the genome of cell, the rat ES cells with genetic modification are formed；
(b) at least one rat ES cells for including the targeting genetic modification is introduced into rat Host embryos to generate
F0 embryo；
It (c) will be in the F0 embryo implantation foster mothers；
(d) breed the F0 embryo in the foster mothers mature；And it (e) identifies with the targeting heredity
The F0 rat of modification.
120. the method as described in embodiment 119, the method is also comprised male F0 rat and wild females
Rat breeds together, to generate the F1 filial generation for for the targeting genetic modification being heterozygosis.
121. the method as described in embodiment 120, the method is also comprised male F0 rat and wild females
Rat breeds together, to generate the F1 filial generation for for the targeting genetic modification being heterozygosis.
122. the method as described in embodiment 119, the method also comprise by the male rat of the F1 filial generation with
The female rats of the F1 filial generation are bred together, are homozygotic F2 filial generations for the genetic modification to obtain.
123. the method as described in any one of embodiment 119-122, wherein at least 3% has a genetic modification
The F0 rat genetic modification is transmitted to the F1 filial generation.
124. the method as described in any one of embodiment 119-123, wherein at least 10% there is the heredity to repair
The genetic modification is transmitted to the F1 filial generation by the F0 rat of decorations.
125. the method as described in any one of embodiment 119-124, wherein at least 60% there is the heredity to repair
The genetic modification is transmitted to the F1 filial generation by the F0 rat of decorations.
126. the method as described in any one of embodiment 119-125, wherein the rat ES cells of the genetic modification
It is from rat strains identical with the rat Host embryos.
127. the method as described in any one of embodiment 119-127, wherein the rat ES cells of the genetic modification
It is from the rat strains different from the rat Host embryos.
128. appointing in the isolated rat ES cells group, such as foregoing embodiments as described in any one of foregoing embodiments
In vitro culture described in one or the method as described in any one of foregoing embodiments, wherein the rat ES in the group
Cell includes:
(a) at least 90% rat ES cells are euploids；
(b) at least 70% rat ES cells express at least one multipotency marker；Wherein at least one is more
Energy marker includes Oct-4, Sox2, alkaline phosphatase or combinations thereof；
(c) cell from the rat ES cells group with rat Host embryos when combining, by the rat ES cells
The genome of system is transmitted in offspring；
(d) rat ES cells loosely adhere to feeder layer when cultivating in vitro；
(e) rat ES cells form spherical colony when painting is laid in feeder layer in vitro；
(f) rat ES cells are not when being repaired comprising GSK3 inhibitor, mek inhibitor, the culture medium of LIF and by heredity
When adoring into vitro culture in the feeder layer of expression LIF, versatility is maintained；
(g) rat ES cells show at least 2% homologous recombination targeting efficiency；
(h) rat ES cells maintain versatility in vitro, without paracrine LIF signal transduction；
(i) at least 70% rat ES cells be euploid and when in vitro apply be laid in feeder layer when,
Form spherical colony；
(j) at least one multipotency marker selected from the following of rat ES cells expression: Dnmt3L, Eras, Err- β,
Fbxo15, Fgf4, Gdf3, Klf4, Lef1, LIF receptor, Lin28, Nanog, Oct4, Sox15, Sox2, Utf1 or combinations thereof；
(k) rat ES cells do not express one or more differentiation markers selected from c-Myc, Ecat1, Rexo1；
(l) rat ES cells do not express one or more mesoderms selected from Brachyury, Bmpr2 or combinations thereof
Marker；
(m) rat ES cells do not express one or more entoderms selected from Gata6, Sox17, Sox7 or combinations thereof
Marker；And/or
(n) rat ES cells do not express one or more neural markers objects selected from nestin, Pax6 or combinations thereof.
Brief description
This patent or application documents include the attached drawing that at least one is drawn with colour.This patent or special with color drawings
The duplicate of sharp Shen Qing Publication will be provided after filing a request and paying necessary expenses by Patent Office.
Fig. 1 depicts the rESC for being grown to fine and close spherical colony form, these colonies are routinely detached from and float on training
It supports in ware.
Fig. 2A-D depicts the various multipotency markers expressed by rESC: A describes Oct-4 (green)；It is (red that B describes Sox-2
Color)；C describes DAPI (blue)；D describes the coverage diagram by the rESC multipotency marker expressed.
Fig. 3 describes a kind of alkaline phosphatase (multipotency marker) (left figure) of rESC expression reduced levels, and cell line
The caryogram of DA.2B is 42X, Y (right figure).Carrying out karyotyping is because rESC usually becomes tetraploid；Therefore, by mid-term
Chromosome spread degree, which is counted, carries out prescreening to cell line, then formally to substantially with the cell line normally counted
Carry out karyotyping.
Fig. 4 depicts the close-up view of the rESC of Fig. 1.
Fig. 5, which is depicted, to be injected by blastaea and transmits rESC genome via system genitale to generate chimeric rat；Use parent
This ACI.G1rESC, the chimeric rat generated by blastaea injection；The chimeric rat of higher percent usually has the nose of albefaction
Son.
Fig. 6 depicts same by the F1 Slate grey cub of the ACI/SD chimeric rat reproduction that is designated as asterisk (*) in Fig. 5 and albefaction
Nest newborn animal.
In Fig. 7 scheme A depict 26 locus target of rat Rosa, it is identical with mouse, the locus Setd5 with
Between Thumpd3 gene, there is identical spacing.Figure A shows the structure of 26 locus of mouse Rosa.MRosa26 transcript by
2 or 3 exon compositions.Figure B depicts the structure of rRosa26 locus；The rat gene seat, which removes, to be contained and mouse exons 1
Homologous exon (Ex1a) outside, also contains Second Exon 1 (Ex1b)；Third exon is not identified in rats.Scheme C
Depict the rRosa26 allele of targeting；Homology arm with 5kb respectively uses the genomic DNA from DA rESC, leads to
PCR is crossed to be cloned；The allele of targeting contains SA-lacZ-hUB-neo box, instead of the 117bp in rRosa26 introne
Missing.
Fig. 8 A depicts the control brain with the X-gal 14 week old wild-type rats handled.The control brain is shown about LacZ
The background stainings (dorsal view) of reduced levels out.
Fig. 8 B depicts the expression of the LacZ in the brain of rRosa26 heterozygous rat (14 week old).LacZ report exists
Wide expression in the entire brain of rRosa26 heterozygote.
Fig. 8 C depicts the control heart and thymus gland (illustration) with the X-gal 14 week old wild-type rats handled.Compare the heart
Dirty and thymus gland shows the background stainings of reduced levels about LacZ.
Fig. 8 D depicts the expression of the LacZ in the heart and thymus gland (illustration) of the rRosa26 heterozygous rat of 14 week old.
LacZ report wide expression in the entire heart and thymus gland of rROSA26 heterozygote.
Fig. 8 E depicts the control lung with the X-gal 14 week old wild-type rats handled.Control lung is shown about LacZ
The background stainings of reduced levels.
Fig. 8 F depicts the expression of the LacZ in the lung of the rRosa26 heterozygous rat of 14 week old.LacZ report exists
Wide expression in the entire lung of rRosa26 heterozygote.
Fig. 8 G and H depict the expression of the LacZ in e12.5 embryo.Compared to the open country of display reduced levels background LacZ dyeing
Raw type control embryo (H), rRosa26 heterozygosis embryo show the wide expression of LacZ report in entire embryo.
Fig. 8 I and J depict the expression of the LacZ in e14.5 embryo.Compared to the open country of display reduced levels background LacZ dyeing
Raw type control embryo (J), rRosa26 heterozygous rat embryo show the wide expression of LacZ report in entire embryo.
Fig. 9 A-B provides the photo of the chromosome quantitative analysis of display ACI.G1 rat ES cells system.
Figure 10 A-B provides the photo of the chromosome quantitative analysis of display DA.2B rat ES cells system.
Figure 11 A-B provides the photo of the chromosome quantitative analysis of display DA.C2 rat ES cells system.
Detailed description of the invention
Hereinafter reference will be made to the drawings is described in more detail below method and composition of the invention, in the accompanying drawings, it is shown that these sides
The some but not all embodiments of method and composition.In fact, these method and compositions can pass through many different shapes
Formula embodies and should not be interpreted as limited to embodiment set forth herein；On the contrary, thesing embodiments are provided so that makes this
It is open to meet applicable legal requirement.In entire attached drawing, being identically numbered indicates identical element.
Method and composition those skilled in the art set forth herein is envisaged that these method and compositions
Many modifications and other embodiments, these modifications and embodiment have what is presented in preceding description and relevant drawings to teach
The benefit of content.It is therefore to be understood that these method and compositions be not limited to disclosed specific embodiment and modify and
Other embodiments are included in the scope of the appended claims., but these terms although specific terms be employed herein
It is only used with general and descriptive sense, is not limited to purpose.
I. it summarizes
For a long time, rat is always several field of biomedical research, such as cardiovascular disease, metabolism, toxicology, nerve
Biology and ethological preferred rodent model organism.Hundreds of rat strains are developed；Some is to use
In complicated human diseases, such as the excellent model of hypertension, diabetes and cancer.However, in the science of heredity side for understanding these models
The progress in face is seriously hampered because being difficult to modify rat gene group in a manner of a kind of controlling.By using locus specificity
Endonuclease, it is possible to mutation is generated in gene of interest, but this method is still less accurate and expensive.Rat ES is thin
The targeting of born of the same parents and system genitale transmitting are still being difficult to realize for a task.
There is described herein separate rat ES cells (rESC) from two rat self-mating systems.RESC is derived from DA and ACI
Strain.These cells express multipotency marker and show normal 42X, Y caryogram.Pass through the SD Host embryos in blastula stage
Middle carry out microinjection, has generated the chimera of higher percent, and shows in two strains and pass through system genitale
The transmitting of the rESC genome of progress.Using plasmid targeting vector, generated in the rat equivalent of ROSA26 locus
Targeting mutation, and the system genitale transmitting of targeting allele has been realized in two strains.These heterozygous animals exist
It is organized in all stages checked all express lacZ.
In various aspects, in order to obtain the male filial generation of advantageous amount from ACI contributing ES cells, ES cell is derived from
ACI strain.In one embodiment, the amount of male filial generation is about 50%.
In various aspects, leading filial generation is accounted in order to obtain female, ES cell is derived from DA strain.
II. rat embryo does (ES) cell
Various compositions provided herein and method include that the embryo from rat does (ES) cell.Stem cell is being capable of nothing
Limit ground self refresh and the cell mass with versatility." embryonic stem cell " or " ES cell " includes to obtain from embryo or fetus
Stem cell.Various rat ES cells provided herein can have one of any following characteristic or a variety of:
(a) there is fecundity, it is meant that when rat ES cells are implanted into rat Host embryos, rat ES cells system
Genome be passed in offspring；
(b) after targeting genetic modification at least once, there is fecundity, it is meant that when there will be targeting genetic modification
Rat ES cells implantation rat Host embryos in when, the targeting genetic modification in rat ES cells system genome is passed to
In offspring；
(c) there is versatility in vitro；
(d) there is totipotency in vitro；
(e) when cultivating in vitro, loosely it is adhered to feeder layer；
(f) when painting is laid in feeder layer in vitro, spherical colony is formed when cultivating in vitro；
(g) when under conditions of comprising the feeder layer not by genetic modification at expression LIF ELISA (LIF)
When in vitro culture, versatility is maintained, wherein culture medium includes sufficient concentrations of LIF；
(h) when in vitro culture under conditions of comprising feeder layer, versatility is maintained, wherein culture medium includes mouse
LIF or its active variant or segment；
It (i) include characterization of molecules, which is characterized in that
I) one or more rat ES cells specific genes are expressed, the rat ES cells specific gene includes adherency
Connect GAP-associated protein GAP (Ajap1), tight junction protein 5 (Cldn5), Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9 (Arhgef9),
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (Camk4), ephrins-A1 (Efna1), EPH receptor A4 (Epha4), gap connect
Meet albumen β 5 (Gjb5), insulin-like growth factor binding protein sample 1 (Igfbpl1), 6 β of interleukin Ⅲ (Il1f8), white thin
28 receptor alpha of born of the same parents' interleukin (Il28ra), left and right factor of determination 1 (Lefty1), leukemia inhibitory factor receptor α (Lifr), haemolysis phosphorus
Resin acid receptor 2 (Lpar2), neuron pentraxins receptor (Ntm), non-receptor 18 type protein tyrosine phosphatase
(Ptpn18), the homologous frame 2 (Cdx2) of tail type, type III fibronectin and ankyrin repeat domains 1 (Fank1), plug frame E1
The crinosity of (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2) (Foxe1), the primitive containing YRPW/enhancer is broken GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2), plug frame E1
The crinosity of (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2) (Foxe1), the primitive containing YRPW/enhancer fracture GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2), lymph sample increase
Hadron binding factor 1 (Lef1), Sal sample albumen 3 (drosophila) (Sall3), the homologous frame 1 (Satb1) of SATB, miR-632 or its group
It closes；
Ii) expression at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,
24,25 or more rat ES cells specific gene, the rat ES cells specific gene include to be adhesively joined related egg
White (Ajap1), tight junction protein 5 (Cldn5), Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9 (Arhgef9), calcium/calcium tune egg
White deopendent protein kinase IV (Camk4), ephrins-A1 (Efna1), EPH receptor A4 (Epha4), gap junction protein β 5
(Gjb5), insulin-like growth factor binding protein sample 1 (Igfbpl1), 6 β of interleukin Ⅲ (Il1f8), interleukin 28
Receptor alpha (Il28ra), left and right factor of determination 1 (Lefty1), leukemia inhibitory factor receptor α (Lifr), lpa receptor 2
(Lpar2), neuron pentraxins receptor (Ntm), non-receptor 18 type protein tyrosine phosphatase (Ptpn18), tail type are same
Source frame 2 (Cdx2), type III fibronectin and ankyrin repeat domains 1 (Fank1), plug frame E1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2)
(Foxe1), the crinosity of the primitive containing YRPW/enhancer is broken GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2), plug frame E1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2)
(Foxe1), the crinosity of the primitive containing YRPW/enhancer is broken GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2), lymph sample enhancer binding factor 1
(Lef1), the homologous frame 1 (Satb1) of Sal sample albumen 3 (drosophila) (Sall3), SATB, miR-632 or combinations thereof；
Iii) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, one or more rat ES cells as stated in table 14 are special
The expression of specific gene has at least 20 times increases；
Iv) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,
16, the table of 17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25 or more such as rat ES cells specific genes stated in table 14
Up to there is at least 20 times increases；
V) expression of the one or more such as rat ES cells specific gene stated in table 13；
Vi) at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,
25, the expression of 30,35,40,45,50 or more such as rat ES cells specific genes stated in table 13；
Vii) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, one or more rat ES cells as stated in table 13 are special
The expression of specific gene has at least 20 times increases；
Viii) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,
15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,30,35,40,45,50 or more the rat ES as stated in table 13
The expression of cell-specific genes has at least 20 times increases；
Ix) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, one or more rat ES cells as stated in table 12 are special
The expression of specific gene has at least 20 times reductions；And/or
X) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,
16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,30,35,40,45,50 or more the rat ES as stated in table 12 is thin
The expression of born of the same parents' specific gene has at least 20 times reductions；
Xi) any combination of the expression of the rat ES cells specific gene in the part (i)-(x)；
Xii) at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17 or 18 kind of institute as shown in table 15
The multipotency marker relative expression levels of column multipotency marker.Related relative expression levels sort referring to the versatility in table 15
One column；
Xiii) as shown in table 15 at least 2,3 or 4 kind listed by mesodermal marker mesodermal marker relative expression
It is horizontal.Related relative expression levels, referring to one column of mesoderm sequence in table 15；
Xiv) as shown in table 15 at least 2,3,4,5 or 6 kind listed by endodermal marker object endodermal marker object it is opposite
Expression.Related relative expression levels, referring to one column of entoderm sequence in table 15；
Xv) as shown in table 15 at least 2 and 3 kind listed by neural markers object neural markers object relative expression levels.Have
Relative expression levels are closed, referring to one column of nerve sequence in table 15；
Xvi) the trophectoderm marker relative expression levels of listed trophectoderm marker as shown in table 15.
Related relative expression levels, referring to one column of trophectoderm sequence in table 15；
Xvii) one or more (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,
22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29 or 30 kind) such as multipotency marker, mesodermal marker, the entoderm stated in table 15
Any relative expression levels of marker, neural markers object and/or trophectoderm marker；
Xviii) the relative expression levels for each marker stated in table 15；
Xix) any combination for the feature stated in xii-xiix；And/or
Xx) any combination for the feature stated in i-xiix；
(j) there is the ability for generating F0 rat；
(k) secondary culture and undifferentiated state can be maintained；
(l) there is chromosome quantitative identical with normal rat cell；
(m) versatility is maintained in vitro, is not necessarily to paracrine LIF signal transduction；And/or
(n) there is self refresh ability, it is meant that its unlimited division, while maintaining versatility.
(a) it is thin that the one or more features outlined in-(n) can reside in isolated rat ES provided in this article
In born of the same parents, rat ES cells group or rat ES cells system, wherein these rat ES cells do not undergo targeting genetic modification.In other realities
It applies in scheme, the one or more features outlined in (a)-(n) can reside in provided in this article with one or more
It targets in isolated rat ES cells, rat ES cells group or the rat ES cells system of genetic modification.Targeting genetic modification includes
Variation in the genome of rat ES cells, and including being for example inserted into, lacking, knock out, knock in, be mutated or combinations thereof.At it
In its situation, targeting genetic modification includes being inserted at least one of heterologous polynucleotide in the genome by rat ES cells.It closes
It is discussed in the further explanation other places herein of such targeting genetic modification.
In a particular embodiment, various rat ES cells provided herein and cell line have fecundity, meaning
Taste when by rat ES cells be implanted into rat Host embryos in when, the genome of rat ES cells is passed in offspring.It is such
Transmitting in offspring (that is, F1 groups) can the generation when rat ES cells do not undergo targeting genetic modification.In addition, having targeting
The rat ES cells of genetic modification also have fecundity, it is meant that when the rat ES cells implantation that will have targeting genetic modification
When in rat Host embryos, the targeting genetic modification of rat ES cells is delivered to offspring (that is, F1 groups).Therefore, in various sides
Face, use rat ES cells described herein and method obtain from do not undergo the rat ES cells of targeting genetic modification with
And the high-frequency or the transmitting of high efficiency system genitale of the rat cell genome of the rat ES cells of targeting genetic modification are undergone.?
In various embodiments, the frequency of system genitale transmitting is higher than 1:600, is higher than 1:500, is higher than 1:400, is higher than 1:300, is higher than 1:
200, and it is higher than 1:100.In various embodiments, the frequency of system genitale transmitting is more than 1%, more than 2%, more than 3%, is surpassed
4% is crossed, more than 5%, more than 6%, more than 7%, more than 8%, more than 9%, more than 10%, is up to about 16%, more than 25%, is surpassed
50% is crossed, more than 60%, more than 65%, more than 70%, more than 75% or greater percentage.In various embodiments, reproduction
It is the frequency of transmitting in 9% to 16% range.The percentage of the filial generation in the source donor rESC is in various aspects, F1 generation
1% or higher, 2% or higher, 3% or higher, 10% or higher, 20% or higher, 30% or higher, 40% or higher,
50% or higher, 60% or higher, from 3% to about 10% or higher, from 3% or more up to about 63%, from about 10% to about
30%, from about 10% to about 50%, from about 30% to about 70%, from about 30% to about 60%, from about 20% to about 40%, from about
20% to 65%, or from about 40% to 70%.Therefore, the rat ES cells provided in this article for not undergoing targeting genetic modification,
Or its genome can be transmitted in F1 groups by the rat ES cells with targeting genetic modification.
The rat ES cells of targeting genetic modification or the rat ES cells with targeting genetic modification are not undergone to can be more
Can and/or it is all-round." multipotency " or " versatility " refers to that stem cell has and is divided into the latent of any of following three germinal layers
Power: entoderm, mesoderm or ectoderm.Cell potential is that one of the ability for describing cell differentiation into other cell types is general
Term.See, for example, Hans et al. (2007) " The Potential of Stem Cells:An Inventory " .Human
Biotechnology as Social Challenge.Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., page 28, are incorporated by reference into
Herein.Term " totipotency " or " all-round " are the energy that single cell divided and generated all noble cells in organism
Power.See, for example, Western P (2009) .Int.J.Dev.Biol.53 (2-3): 393-409, it is incorporated herein by reference
In.In a particular embodiment, various ES cells disclosed herein can be multipotency and/or all-round.
Various methods can be used and determine whether rat ES cells are multipotencys.For example, it can analyze in ES cell
Various multipotency markers, including but not limited to, the expression of Oct-4, Sox2, alkaline phosphatase or combinations thereof.It is related to analyze these
The presence of marker or the various methods of level, see, for example, Okamoto, K. et al., Cell, 60:461-472 (1990)；
Scholer, H.R. et al., EMBO is J.9:2185-2195 (1990))；And Nanog (Mitsui, K. et al., Cell, 113:
631-642(2003)；Chambers, I. et al., Cell, 113:643-655 (2003).It see also Fig. 2 and figure provided herein
3.Other multipotency markers include for example, in the presence of comprising Nanog, Klf4, Dppa2, Fgf4, Rex1, Eras, Err- β and/or
At least 1,2,3,4 or the 5 kind of multipotency marker of Sall3.Other multipotency markers include for example, there is no include T/
Brachyury, Flk1, Nodal, Bmp4, Bmp2, Gata6, Sox17, Hhex1, Sox7 and/or Pax6 at least 1,2,3,4,
5,6,7,8,9 or 10 kind of multipotency marker.
In a particular embodiment, RT-PCR measurement can be used in the expression of these markers and/or expression.It is various
Kit can be used for measuring the level and/or presence of alkaline phosphatase, including for example ALP tissue staining kit (Sigma) and
Vector Red alkaline phosphatase substrate kit I (Funakoshi) etc..Other analytic approach include in situ hybridization, immuning tissue
Chemical analysis, immunofluorescence analysis.In a particular embodiment, rat ES cells are with the table of at least one multipotency marker
It reaches, including such as Oct-4, Sox2, alkaline phosphatase or combinations thereof, the expression of preferably marker described in all three are characterized.
Various rat ES cells provided in this article are not (that is, undergoing the rat ES cells of targeting genetic modification and/or having
Target the rat ES cells of genetic modification) when being maintained in condition of in vitro culture, it is able to maintain that versatility and/or totipotency.
Therefore, in some embodiments, various rat ES cells provided in this article can carry out secondary culture, while still maintain not
Differentiation state.Other places are discussed in further detail the various methods of culture rat ES cells in this article.
The various separation, purifying and culture amplification technique being discussed in detail elsewhere herein are used, from rat embryo
Isolate Embryonic Stem Cell provided in this article.As used herein, term " cell " refer to respective cells, cell line or
Culture from these cells." separation " rat ES cells or rat embryo take out from its natural surroundings.Art
Language " separation " can refer to without 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% under native state with
A kind of ingredient that component is found together.As used herein, rat ES " cell line " include developed by single rat ES cells and
At isolated rat cell group, and therefore, the cell mass in designated cell system is removed during breeding or is lost in targeting
It passes the mutation occurred during modification or there is uniform gene composition outside karyotypic alteration.For example, as indicated by other places, institute is public
The rat ES cells opened are characterized by high-caliber euploid.Nevertheless, in some cell lines, since cell line exists
Karyotypic alteration when being bred by individual cells, so that euploid level is lower than 100%.In addition, given rat ES cells group can
To include 103、104、10x104、10x105、10x106、10x107、10x108、10x109Or 10x1010A cell, or more it is thin
Born of the same parents.Some cell masses have enough cells to allow the cell modified hope to select, but its quantity is excessive more to
It mutates in cell line or a possibility that karyotypic alteration so that reducing.For example, some cell masses have 103To 106It is a thin
Born of the same parents.
If discussed elsewhere herein, the various sides for carrying out targeting genetic modification to rat ES cells system are provided
Method.When carrying out these methods, at least one cell in rat ES cells system contains targeting genetic modification.Pass through various cultures
And/or selection technique, produce the rat ES cells system with one or more desired targeting genetic modifications.
In a particular embodiment, rat ES cells, rat ES cells group or rat ES cells system (do not undergo targeting heredity
Modify and/or have targeting genetic modification) it is euploid, and therefore its chromosome number is exact haploid number multiplication.
In another embodiment, rat ES cells, rat ES cells group or rat ES cells system (do not undergo targeting genetic modification and/
Or there is targeting genetic modification) it is diploid, and therefore there are two groups of homologue monoploid.When mentioning rat ES cells
Group, or the cell mass from given rat ES cells group or rat ES cells system (do not undergo targeting genetic modification and/or have target
To genetic modification) when, should at least about 50% in grouping, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%,
88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% cell is whole
Times body and/or diploid.In other situations, when mentioning rat ES cells group or the cell mass from given rat ES cells system
It, should be in grouping at least about 50% to 95%, about 60% when (do not undergo targeting genetic modification and/or there is targeting genetic modification)
To 90%, about 60% to 95%, about 60% to 85%, about 60% to 80%, about 70% to 80%, about 70% to 85%, about
70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 70% to about 100%, about 80% to about 100%, about 80% to about 95%, about
80% to about 90%, about 90% to about 100%, about 90% to about 99%, about 90% to about 98%, about 90% to about 97%, about
The cell of 90% to about 95% is euploid and/or diploid.
In other embodiments again, rat ES cells, rat ES cells group or rat ES cells system (do not undergo targeting to lose
Pass modification and/or with targeting genetic modification) there are 42 chromosomes.Rat ES is given when mentioning rat ES cells group or coming from
Cell line cell mass (do not undergo targeting genetic modification and/or have targeting genetic modification) when, should in grouping at least about
50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%,
94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or 100% cell has 42 chromosomes.In other situations, when mentioning
Rat ES cells group or from given rat ES cells system cell mass (do not undergo targeting genetic modification and/or have targeting lose
Pass modification) when, should at least about 50% to 95% in grouping, about 60% to 90%, about 60% to 95%, about 60% to 85%,
About 60% to 80%, about 70% to 80%, about 70% to 85%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 70% to
About 100%, about 80% to about 100%, about 80% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 90% to about 100%, about 90%
To about 99%, about 90% to about 98%, about 90% to about 97%, the cell of about 90% to about 95% there are 42 chromosomes.
In other embodiments, rat ES cells provided in this article, rat ES cells group or rat ES cells system be not (
Experience targets genetic modification and/or has targeting genetic modification) when painting is laid in feeder layer in vitro, form spherical collection
It falls." spherical " form refers to the shape of rat ES cells colony in culture, rather than the shape of ES cell individually.Rat ES cells
Colony is spherical.The colony being loosely attached on feeder cells is rounded (having circular form).The collection freely floated
It falls in spherical.Rat ES cells colony is in spherical and extremely fine and close, it is intended that is hardly visible intercellular boundary.Colony
Edge it is bright and clear.Due to these cell very littles, therefore it is difficult to distinguish individual core that (therefore, these cores occupy cell
Most of volume).ES cells form the colony of elongation and are attached to feeder cells strongly.MESC form can be with product
It is and changes；For example, B6 colony ratio F1H4 colony is more round and more similar hemispherical, but also than rESC long.People's ES cell collection
It falls more flat than mESC colony and more dispersed.Rat ES collection of the invention get blamed it is flat, and with people's ES cell colony
It is dissimilar.
In other embodiments again, rat ES cells, rat ES cells group or rat ES cells system (do not undergo targeting to lose
Pass modification and/or with targeting genetic modification) there is circular form.The following provide about circular form scale, wherein
10 points of expressions are perfect round and 1 point of expression is oval.
Circular form scale:
10 points=pass through structure centre with the longitudinal axis and vertical axis and there is the circle of the structure of equal length.
9 points=the longitudinal axis and vertical axis pass through a kind of structure of structure centre, wherein the length of an axis is another axial length
The 0.9999 to 0.9357 of degree.
8 points=the longitudinal axis and vertical axis pass through a kind of structure of structure centre, wherein the length of an axis is another axial length
The 0.9357 to 0.875 of degree.
7 points=the longitudinal axis and vertical axis pass through a kind of structure of structure centre, wherein the length of an axis is another axial length
The 0.875 to about 0.8125 of degree.
6 points=the longitudinal axis and vertical axis pass through a kind of structure of structure centre, wherein the length of an axis is another axial length
The 0.8125 to 0.750 of degree.
5 points=the longitudinal axis and vertical axis pass through a kind of structure of structure centre, wherein the length of an axis is another axial length
The 0.750 to 0.6875 of degree.
4 points=the longitudinal axis and vertical axis pass through a kind of structure of structure centre, wherein the length of an axis is another axial length
The 0.6875 to 0.625 of degree.
3 points=the longitudinal axis and vertical axis pass through a kind of structure of structure centre, wherein the length of an axis is another axial length
The 0.625 to 0.5625 of degree.
2 points=the longitudinal axis and vertical axis pass through a kind of structure of circular central, wherein the length of an axis is another axial length
The 0.5625 to 0.523 of degree.
1 point=ellipse is defined as the longitudinal axis and vertical axis passes through structure centre, wherein the length of an axis is another axis
The 0.523 to 0.500 of length.
In one non-limiting embodiment, rat ES cells group or the cell mass from given rat ES cells system
(do not undergo targeting genetic modification and/or there is targeting genetic modification) this to have at least about 50% in grouping, 60%, 65%,
70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%,
97%, the rounded form scoring of 98%, 99% or 100% cell is 10 points, 9 points or 8 points.In other embodiments, greatly
Mouse ES cell mass or from given rat ES cells system cell mass (do not undergo targeting genetic modification and/or have targeting heredity
Modification) have at least about 50% to 95% in grouping, about 60% to 90%, about 60% to 95%, about 60% to 85%, about
60% to 80%, about 70% to 80%, about 70% to 85%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about 95%, about 70% to about
100%, about 80% to about 100%, about 80% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 90% to about 100%, about 90% to
About 99%, about 90% to about 98%, about 90% to about 97%, the rounded form scoring of the cell of about 90% to about 95% be 10
Divide, 9 points or 8 points.
In another non-limiting embodiment, rat ES cells group or the cell mass from given rat ES cells system
(do not undergo targeting genetic modification and/or there is targeting genetic modification) this to have at least about 50% in grouping, 60%, 65%,
70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%,
97%, the rounded form scoring of 98%, 99% or 100% cell is 7 points, 6 points, 5 points, 4 points or 3 points.Other unrestricted
Property embodiment in, rat ES cells group or from given rat ES cells system cell mass (do not undergo targeting genetic modification and/
Or there is targeting genetic modification) have at least about 50% to 95% in grouping, about 60% to 90%, about 60% to 95%, about
60% to 85%, about 60% to 80%, about 70% to 80%, about 70% to 85%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about
95%, about 70% to about 100%, about 80% to about 100%, about 80% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 90% to about
100%, about 90% to about 99%, about 90% to about 98%, about 90% to the about 97%, circle of the cell of about 90% to about 95%
Form scoring is 7 points, 6 points, 5 points, 4 points or 3 points.
In other embodiments again, (targeting genetic modification is not undergone and/or there is targeting heredity when by rat ES cells
Modification) it applies when being laid in feeder layer in vitro, form spherical colony.The following provide about spherical form scale,
In the perfect spherical and 1 point of expression three-dimensional elliptical shape structure of 10 points of expressions.
The form scale of chondritic:
10 points=spherical shape is that X-axis and Y-axis and Z axis respectively pass through structure centre and a kind of structure with equal length.
9 points=X-axis and Y-axis and Z axis pass through a kind of structure of structure centre, wherein the length of an axis be in other axis extremely
The 0.9999 to 0.9357 of few one length.
8 points=X-axis and Y-axis and Z axis pass through a kind of structure of structure centre, wherein the length of an axis be in other axis extremely
The 0.9357 to 0.875 of the length of one or two less.
7 points=X-axis and Y-axis and Z axis pass through a kind of structure of structure centre, wherein the length of an axis be in other axis extremely
The 0.875 to 0.8125 of the length of one or two less.
6 points=X-axis and Y-axis and Z axis pass through a kind of structure of structure centre, wherein the length of an axis be in other axis extremely
The 0.8125 to 0.750 of the length of one or two less.
5 points=X-axis and Y-axis and Z axis pass through a kind of structure of structure centre, wherein the length of an axis be in other axis extremely
The 0.750 to 0.6875 of the length of one or two less.
4 points=X-axis and Y-axis and Z axis pass through a kind of structure of structure centre, wherein the length of an axis be in other axis extremely
The 0.6875 to 0.625 of the length of one or two less.
3 points=X-axis and Y-axis and Z axis pass through a kind of structure of structure centre, wherein the length of an axis be in other axis extremely
The 0.625 to 0.5625 of the length of one or two less.
2 points=X-axis and Y-axis and Z axis pass through a kind of structure of structure centre, wherein the length of an axis be in other axis extremely
The 0.5625 to 0.523 of the length of one or two less.
1 point=X-axis and Y-axis and Z axis pass through a kind of structure of structure centre, wherein the length of an axis be in other axis extremely
The 0.523 to 0.500 of the length of one or two less.
In one non-limiting embodiment, rat ES cells group or the cell mass from given rat ES cells system
(do not undergo targeting genetic modification and/or have targeting genetic modification) have at least about 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%,
80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%,
99% or 100% when cell be applied in vitro be laid on the colony formed in feeder layer spherical-like morphology be 10 points, 9 points or
8 points.In other embodiments, rat ES cells group or the cell mass from given rat ES cells system (do not undergo targeting to lose
Pass modification and/or there is targeting genetic modification) have at least about 50% to 95%, about 60% to 90%, about 60% to 95%, about
60% to 85%, about 60% to 80%, about 70% to 80%, about 70% to 85%, about 70% to about 90%, about 70% to about
95%, about 70% to about 100%, about 80% to about 100%, about 80% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about 90% to about
100%, about 90% to about 99%, about 90% to about 98%, about 90% to about 97%, about 90% to about 95% when cell be existed
It is 10 points, 9 points or 8 points that external painting, which is laid on the spherical-like morphology of the colony formed in feeder layer,.
In another non-limiting embodiment, rat ES cells group or the cell mass from given rat ES cells system
(do not undergo targeting genetic modification and/or have targeting genetic modification) have at least about 50%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%,
80%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%,
99% or 100% when apply cell in vitro, to be laid on the spherical-like morphology of the colony formed in feeder layer be 7 points, 6 points, 5
Divide, 4 points or 3 points.In other embodiments, rat ES cells group or from given rat ES cells system cell mass (without
Go through targeting genetic modification and/or have targeting genetic modification) have at least about 50% to 95%, about 60% to 90%, about 60% to
95%, about 60% to 85%, about 60% to 80%, about 70% to 80%, about 70% to 85%, about 70% to about 90%, about
70% to about 95%, about 70% to about 100%, about 80% to about 100%, about 80% to about 95%, about 80% to about 90%, about
90% to about 100%, about 90% to about 99%, about 90% to about 98%, about 90% to about 97%, about 90% to about 95% works as
It is 7 points, 6 points, 5 points, 4 points or 3 points that cell is applied in vitro and is laid on the spherical-like morphology of the colony formed in feeder layer.
It is big that given rat ES cells, rat ES cells group or rat ES cells system provided in this article can be male (XY)
Mouse ES cell, male (XY) rat ES cells group or male (XY) rat ES cells system.In other embodiments, it is mentioned herein
The rat ES cells group of confession or rat ES cells system can be female (XX) rat ES cells, female (XX) rat ES cells group or
Female (XX) rat ES cells system.Any such rat ES cells, rat ES cells group or rat ES cells system can include
Euploid as described above and/or diploid property.
Various rat ES cells provided in this article can come from any rat strains, including but not limited to, ACI rat product
System, Dark Agouti (DA) rat strains, Wistar rat strains, LEA rat strains, Sprague Dawley (SD) rat
Strain or Fischer rat strains, such as Fisher F344 or Fisher F6.Various rat ES cells can also be from being derived from
The mixed strain of two or more above-described strains obtains.In one embodiment, rat ES cells are derived from
In the strain for being selected from DA strain and ACI strain.In a specific embodiment, rat ES cells are derived from ACI strain.
ACI rat strain is that and have white abdomen and foot and RT1 with darkly Slate greyav1Haplotype is characterized.Such product
System can obtain from a variety of sources including Harlan Laboratories.In other embodiments, various rat ES are thin
Born of the same parents are from Dark Agouti (DA) rat strains, and the strain is with Slate grey fur and RT1av1Haplotype is characterized.This
Class rat can obtain from a variety of sources including Charles River and Harlan Laboratories.In another implementation
In scheme, various rat ES cells provided in this article come from selfing rat strains.
In a particular embodiment, rat ES cells are from ACI rat, and include ACI.G1 as described herein
Rat ES cells.In another embodiment, rat ES cells system is from DA rat, and includes as described herein
DA.2B rat ES cells system or DA.2C rat ES cells system.
Given rat ES cells provided in this article can be obtained from the rat embryo in any rat embryo stage of development
?.The representative rat embryo stage of development is summarized in the following table 1.Rat embryo for obtaining rat ES cells can be mulberry fruit
Embryonic stage embryo, blastula embryo, or the rat embryo of the stage of development between morula embryos and blastula embryo.Cause
This, in a particular embodiment, rat embryo used is in the 5th phase and the 7th stage phase Witschi, or in the 5th phase and the 7th phase
Between the Witschi stage.In other embodiments, rat embryo used is in the 5th phase, the 6th phase or the 7th phase Witschi
Stage.
In one embodiment, rat ES cells are obtained from rat blastaea.In other embodiments, rat ES is thin
Born of the same parents are obtained from the blastaea from superovulated rat.In other embodiments, rat ES cells are obtained from 8 cell stage embryos
, then it is cultivated in vitro, until its development to morula stage, blastula stage, in the 5th phase and the 7th phase Witschi
Embryo between stage, or develop into the embryo in the 6th phase of the 5th phase or the 7th stage phase Witschi.At this point, applying paving embryo.
Morula embryos include the fine and close cell ball without inner cavity.Blastula embryo has visible inner cavity (blastocoele) and contains
Inner cell mass (inner cell mass, ICM).ICM cell forms ES cell.
The 1. rat embryo stage of development of table
It is additionally provided with various rat ES cells (do not undergo targeting genetic modification and/or there is targeting genetic modification), this
A little cells are characterized in that
Rat ES cells are characterized in that:
I) one or more rat ES cells specific genes are expressed, the rat ES cells specific gene includes adherency
Connect GAP-associated protein GAP (Ajap1), tight junction protein 5 (Cldn5), Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9 (Arhgef9),
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (Camk4), ephrins-A1 (Efna1), EPH receptor A4 (Epha4), gap connect
Meet albumen β 5 (Gjb5), insulin-like growth factor binding protein sample 1 (Igfbpl1), 6 β of interleukin Ⅲ (Il1f8), white thin
28 receptor alpha of born of the same parents' interleukin (Il28ra), left and right factor of determination 1 (Lefty1), leukemia inhibitory factor receptor α (Lifr), haemolysis phosphorus
Resin acid receptor 2 (Lpar2), neuron pentraxins receptor (Ntm), non-receptor 18 type protein tyrosine phosphatase
(Ptpn18), the homologous frame 2 (Cdx2) of tail type, type III fibronectin and ankyrin repeat domains 1 (Fank1), plug frame E1
The crinosity of (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2) (Foxe1), the primitive containing YRPW/enhancer is broken GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2), plug frame E1
The crinosity of (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2) (Foxe1), the primitive containing YRPW/enhancer fracture GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2), lymph sample increase
Hadron binding factor 1 (Lef1), Sal sample albumen 3 (drosophila) (Sall3), the homologous frame 1 (Satb1) of SATB, miR-632 or its group
It closes；
Ii) expression at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,
24,25 or more rat ES cells specific gene, the rat ES cells specific gene include to be adhesively joined related egg
White (Ajap1), tight junction protein 5 (Cldn5), Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9 (Arhgef9), calcium/calcium tune egg
White deopendent protein kinase IV (Camk4), ephrins-A1 (Efna1), EPH receptor A4 (Epha4), gap junction protein β 5
(Gjb5), insulin-like growth factor binding protein sample 1 (Igfbpl1), 6 β of interleukin Ⅲ (Il1f8), interleukin 28
Receptor alpha (Il28ra), left and right factor of determination 1 (Lefty1), leukemia inhibitory factor receptor α (Lifr), lpa receptor 2
(Lpar2), neuron pentraxins receptor (Ntm), non-receptor 18 type protein tyrosine phosphatase (Ptpn18), tail type are same
Source frame 2 (Cdx2), type III fibronectin and ankyrin repeat domains 1 (Fank1), plug frame E1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2)
(Foxe1), the crinosity of the primitive containing YRPW/enhancer is broken GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2), plug frame E1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2)
(Foxe1), the crinosity of the primitive containing YRPW/enhancer is broken GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2), lymph sample enhancer binding factor 1
(Lef1), the homologous frame 1 (Satb1) of Sal sample albumen 3 (drosophila) (Sall3), SATB, miR-632 or combinations thereof；
Iii) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, one or more rat ES cells as stated in table 14 are special
The expression of specific gene has at least 20 times increases；
Iv) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,
16, the table of 17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25 or more such as rat ES cells specific genes stated in table 14
Up to there is at least 20 times increases；
V) expression of the one or more such as rat ES cells specific gene stated in table 13；
Vi) at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,
25, the expression of 30,35,40,45,50 or more such as rat ES cells specific genes stated in table 13；
Vii) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, one or more rat ES cells as stated in table 13 are special
The expression of specific gene has at least 20 times increases；
Viii) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,
15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,30,35,40,45,50 or more the rat ES as stated in table 13
The expression of cell-specific genes has at least 20 times increases；
Ix) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, one or more rat ES cells as stated in table 12 are special
The expression of specific gene has at least 20 times reductions；And/or
X) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,
16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,30,35,40,45,50 or more the rat ES as stated in table 12 is thin
The expression of born of the same parents' specific gene has at least 20 times reductions；
Xi) any combination of the expression of the rat ES cells specific gene in the part (i)-(x)；
Xii) at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17 or 18 kind of institute as shown in table 15
The multipotency marker relative expression levels of column multipotency marker.Related relative expression levels sort referring to the versatility in table 15
One column；
Xiii) as shown in table 15 at least 2,3 or 4 kind listed by mesodermal marker mesodermal marker relative expression
It is horizontal.Related relative expression levels, referring to one column of mesoderm sequence in table 15；
Xiv) as shown in table 15 at least 2,3,4,5 or 6 kind listed by endodermal marker object endodermal marker object it is opposite
Expression.Related relative expression levels, referring to one column of entoderm sequence in table 15；
Xv) as shown in table 15 at least 2 and 3 kind listed by neural markers object neural markers object relative expression levels.Have
Relative expression levels are closed, referring to one column of nerve sequence in table 15；
Xvi) the trophectoderm marker relative expression levels of listed trophectoderm marker as shown in table 15.
Related relative expression levels, referring to one column of trophectoderm sequence in table 15；
Xvii) one or more (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,
22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29 or 30 kind) such as multipotency marker, mesodermal marker, the entoderm stated in table 15
Any relative expression levels of marker, neural markers object and/or trophectoderm marker；
Xviii) the relative expression levels for each marker stated in table 15；
Xix) any combination for the feature stated in xii-xiix；And/or
Xx) any combination for the feature stated in i-xiix.
In one embodiment, when being transplanted in preceding morula stage rat embryo, rat ES cells (do not undergo targeting
Genetic modification and/or have targeting genetic modification) may be constructed F0 generation at least 90% cell, constitute F0 generation at least 95%
Cell, constitute in F0 generation at least 96% cell, constitute in F0 generation at least 97% cell, constitute at least 98% in F0 generation
Cell, or constitute in F0 generation at least 99% cell.
III. rat embryo does the derivatization and breeding of (ES) cell
Provide the various methods for obtaining rat ES cells disclosed herein.In a particular embodiment, these
Method includes (a) providing in vitro culture, and the in vitro culture includes that feeder layer and isolated rat embryo do (ES)
Cell mass；(b) it is trained in vitro under conditions of being enough to maintain the versatility and/or totipotency of the rat ES cells of the separation
It supports.Therefore, these methods allow rat ES cells group and/or rat ES cells system to breed.
In one embodiment, a kind of method for cultivating Embryonic Stem Cell system is provided.These method packets
It includes and cultivates feeder layer and rat ES cells system in vitro, wherein condition of culture maintains the versatility of rat ES cells, and
Contain the culture medium with mouse leukemia inhibiting factor (LIF) or its active variant or segment.The various methods are another
Outer includes that the cell of rat ES cells system is passed on and cultivated in vitro, wherein each subsequent in vitro culture is included in maintenance
The versatility of rat ES cells and under conditions of containing the culture medium with mouse LIF or its active variant or segment,
Rat ES cells are cultivated in feeder layer.
I. condition of culture
The culture medium used in various method and compositions will maintain rat ES cells.Term " maintains
(maintaining/maintenance) " refer to and stablize at least one or more of of the rat ES cells for keeping being summarized herein
Feature or phenotype.Such phenotype may include maintaining versatility and/or totipotency, cellular morphology, gene expression profile and this paper
Other functional characters of described Murine Stem.Term " maintenance " can also cover the breeding of stem cell, or cultivated
The increase of stem cell population.In addition the term is covered allows stem cell to keep versatility, while stem cell may or may not be after
Continuous division and increased number of condition of culture.
Term " feeder cells " or " feeder layer " refer in vitro growth and by least one cytokine secretion to train
It supports in base with the culture of the cell for supporting another cell of interest to grow in culture.Raising used herein is thin
Born of the same parents help to maintain the versatility of rat ES cells, and in a particular embodiment, help to maintain described herein one
Kind or a variety of other features or phenotype.Various feeder cells, including such as mouse embryonic fibroblasts can be used, be included in
The mouse embryonic fibroblasts obtained between the 12nd day gestational period and the 16th day.In a particular embodiment, feeder layer
Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) single layer comprising mitosis inactivation.
The in vitro culture of rat ES cells additionally comprises a effective amount of leukaemia inhibitor factor (LIF) or its activity becomes
Body or segment.The leukaemia inhibitor factor (LIF) belongs to IL-6 receptor family.LIF is integrated to by LIF specificity subunit gp190
Or the heterodimer membrane receptor that LIFR and the subunit gp130 shared with other members of IL-6 family are constituted.LIF inhibits small
The differentiation of embryonic stem cell and promote stem cell self refresh in mouse body.People LIF and mouse LIF shares 79% sequence homology
And show across species activity.Rat LIF (rtLIF) is the 22.1kDa protein containing 202 amino acid residues, with
Muroid LIF shows 91% amino acid sequence identity (Takahama et al., 1998).There are six possible aspartic acids to connect
Glycosylation (N- glycosylation) site connect is retained in the LIF polypeptide from various species, and has an other Asn150
It is that rat LIF is distinctive.The quaternary structure of mouse LIF and its function are described in further detail in Aikawa et al. (1998)
Biosci.Biotechnol.Biochem.62 1318-1325；With Senturk et al. (2005) Immunology of
Pregnancy, Gil Mor. are edited；United States Patent (USP) No.5,750,654；And D P Gearing (1987) EMBO Journal
In 1987-12-20, these patent documents are integrally incorporated herein each by reference.Some animals LIF sequence exists
With accession number P09056 report on the website SwissProt.
The activity of mouse LIF is that the ability of M1 myelogenous leukemia cells differentiation is induced to be assessed by it.Specific activity
It is 1 x 106A units per ml (catalog number (Cat.No.) 03-0011 comes from Stemgent) and 1 x 107A units per ml (catalog number (Cat.No.) 03-
0011-100 comes from Stemgent), wherein 50 units are defined as inducing 50%M1 colony differentiation institute in 1ml culture medium
The amount of the mouse LIF needed.It see also, Williams, R.L. et al. (1988) Nature 336:684-687.；Metcalf,D.
Et al. (1988) Leukemia 2:216-221；Niwa, H. et al. (2009) Nature 460:118-122；Xu, J. et al.
(2010)Cell Biol Int.34:791-797；Fukunaga, N. et al. (2010) Cell Reprogram.12:369-
376；And Metcalf D. (2003) Stem Cells 21:5-14, these documents are integrally incorporated herein each by reference.
" effective quantity of LIF " include make the rat ES cells in vitro culture keep undifferentiated multipotency state LIF concentration.It can
For analyzing the various markers other places discussion in this article for keeping the cell of multipotency state.
It can come from any organism for the LIF polypeptide in various method and compositions provided in this article, including come
From mammal, rodent, the mankind, rat or mouse.In one embodiment, LIF polypeptide is from mouse.Again its
In its embodiment, mouse LIF polypeptide includes the amino acid sequence stated in SwissProt accession number P09056, the sequence
It is in being incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and to be also set forth in SEQ ID NO:1.
In other embodiments, it can be used as institute is old in SEQ ID NO:1 or in SwissProt accession number P09056
The active variant or segment for the mouse LIF polypeptide stated.These active variants and segment (including have at least with SEQ ID NO:1
75%, 80%, 85%90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% sequence identity
Active variant) herein other places be discussed in further detail.
LIF polypeptide or its active variant or segment can provide in vitro culture in several ways.At one
In embodiment, a effective amount of LIF polypeptide or its active variant or segment are added in culture medium.In other embodiments
In, feeder cells are by genetic modification at overexpression LIF polypeptide or its active variant or segment.Such feeder cells include
By the DIA-M l cell system for the expression matrix correlation LIF that gamma-radiation or mitomycin C (mitomycin-C) are handled
Standby feeder cells.It generates and can be seen using the method for the feeder cells of such genetic modification for example, Buehr et al.
(2003)Biol Reprod 68:222-229；62 1105-1115 of Rathjen et al. (1990) Cell；And Buehr et al.
(2008) Cell 135:1287-1298, these documents each by being incorporated herein by reference in.That expresses in feeder cells is heterologous
LIF can come from organism identical from feeder cells or from the organism different with feeder cells.In addition, in feeder cells
The heterologous LIF of expression can come from the identical or different organism of the ES cell supported with trophoderm.
In other embodiments again, feeder cells employed in various methods disclosed herein are not by genetic modification
At the heterologous LIF polypeptide of expression or its active variant or segment.Therefore, in specific embodiments, employed in these methods
Mitosis inactivation mouse embryonic fibroblasts single layer not by genetic modification at expressing heterologous LIF polypeptide.
In other embodiments, LIF polypeptide or its active variant or segment are added in culture medium.When by LIF
When being added in culture medium, LIF can come from any organism, including from mammal, rodent, the mankind, rat or
Mouse.In one embodiment, LIF present in culture medium is from mouse.In other embodiments again, mouse LIF
Polypeptide includes the amino acid sequence stated in SEQ ID NO:1.In other embodiments, it can be used such as SEQ ID NO:
The active variant or segment for the mouse LIF polypeptide stated in 1.These active variants and segment (including have with SEQ ID NO:1
There is the sequence of at least 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98% or 99% same
The active variant of one property) herein other places be discussed in further detail.
In a particular embodiment, rat ES cells and rat ES cells provided in this article tie up to external maintenance multipotency
Property, without paracrine LIF signal transduction.
In a particular embodiment, LIF present in culture medium or its active variant or segment are to maintain rat ES thin
Any concentration of born of the same parents.LIF polypeptide present in culture medium or its active variant or segment are about 25U/ml to about 50U/ml, about
50U/ml to about 100U/ml, about 100U/ml are to about 125U/ml, about 125U/ml to about 150U/ml, about 150U/ml to about
175U/ml, about 175U/ml to about 200U/ml, about 200U/ml to about 225U/ml, about 225U/ml to about 250U/ml, about
250U/ml to about 300U/ml, until about 300U/ml to about 325U/ml, about 325U/ml are to about 350U/ml, about 350U/ml to about
400U/ml, about 400U/ml to about 425U/ml, about 425U/ml to about 450U/ml, about 450U/ml to about 475U/ml, about
475U/ml to about 500U/ml, about 75U/ml are to about 500U/ml or higher.In other embodiments, present in culture medium
LIF polypeptide or its active variant or segment are about 25U/ml to about 50U/ml, about 25U/ml to about 100U/ml, about 75U/ml
To about 125U/ml, about 50U/ml to about 150U/ml, about 90U/ml to about 125U/ml, about 90U/ml to about 110U/ml, about
80U/ml to about 150U/ml, about 80U/ml are to about 125U/ml.In a specific embodiment, LIF present in culture medium
Polypeptide or its active variant or segment are about 100U/ml.
When using mouse LIF, mouse LIF polypeptide present in culture medium or its active variant or segment are to remain big
Any concentration of mouse ES cell.Existing mouse LIF polypeptide or its active variant or segment be about 25U/ml to about 50U/ml,
About 50U/ml to about 100U/ml, about 100U/ml are to about 125U/ml, about 125U/ml to about 150U/ml, about 150U/ml to about
175U/ml, about 175U/ml to about 200U/ml, about 200U/ml to about 225U/ml, about 225U/ml to about 250U/ml, about
250U/ml to about 300U/ml, until about 300U/ml to about 325U/ml, about 325U/ml are to about 350U/ml, about 350U/ml to about
400U/ml, about 400U/ml to about 425U/ml, about 425U/ml to about 450U/ml, about 450U/ml to about 475U/ml, about
475U/ml to about 500U/ml, about 75U/ml are to about 500U/ml or higher.In other embodiments, existing mouse LIF is more
Peptide or its active variant or segment are about 25U/ml to about 50U/ml, about 25U/ml to about 100U/ml, about 75U/ml to about
125U/ml, about 50U/ml are to about 150U/ml, about 90U/ml to about 125U/ml, about 90U/ml to about 110U/ml, about 80U/ml
To about 150U/ml, about 80U/ml to about 125U/ml.In a specific embodiment, mouse LIF present in culture medium is more
Peptide or its active variant or segment are about 100U/ml.
The culture medium of use maintains rat ES cells.Therefore, in a particular embodiment, adopted in various method and compositions
Culture medium maintains the versatility of the rat ES cells of all or most of (that is, more than 50%) for making in cell line at least
5,10 or 15 time in generation.In one embodiment, culture medium includes one or more compounds for helping to maintain versatility.
In one embodiment, culture medium includes MEK pathway inhibitor and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitor.Culture
Base can additionally comprise the other component for helping to maintain ES cell, including such as FGF receptor inhibitor, ROCK inhibitor
And/or ALK (TGFb receptor) inhibitor.The non-limiting example of FGF receptor inhibitor includes PD184352.ROCK inhibitor
Non-limiting example includes Y-27632, and the non-limiting example of ALK (TGFb receptor) inhibitor includes A-83-01.Having
In body embodiment, as the rESC of defrosting cryo-conservation, or when applying paving rESC after being dissociated with trypsase again, 2i culture
Base (table 2) is used in the presence of 10uM ROCKi.
In other embodiments, culture medium includes to be pressed down by MEK pathway inhibitor and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)
The inhibitor combination of preparation composition.
In one non-limiting embodiment, culture medium includes the GSK-3 inhibitor and/or packet of CHIR99021
Containing the mek inhibitor including PD0325901.In other embodiments, culture medium includes by CHIR99021 and PD0325901
The inhibitor of composition combines.It is any in these compounds for example to be obtained from Stemgent.In a particular embodiment,
The concentration of CHIR99021 present in culture medium is about 0.5 μ to about 3 μM, about 0.5 μ to about 3.5 μM, about 0.5 μM to about 4 μM,
About 0.5 μM to about 1 μM, about 1 μM to about 1.5 μM, about 1.5 μM to about 2 μM, about 2 μM to about 2.5 μM, about 2.5 to about 3 μM, 3 μM
To about 3.5 μM.In other embodiments, the concentration of CHIR99021 present in culture medium is about 3 μM.In other embodiment party
In case, the concentration of PD0325901 present in culture medium is about 0.4 μM and arrives to about 1uM, about 0.4 μM to about 1.5uM, about 0.4 μM
About 2 μM, about 0.4 μM to about 0.8 μM, 0.8 μM to about 1.2 μM, about 1.2 to about 1.5 μM.In other embodiments, culture medium
Present in the concentration of PD0325901 be about 1 μM.In a particular embodiment, the concentration of CHIR99021 present in culture medium
The concentration for being about 3 μM and existing PD0325901 is about 1 μM.
In one non-limiting embodiment, the culture medium used in various method and compositions disclosed herein is old
It is set forth in table 2.In the context of the application, culture medium described in table 2 is known as 2i culture medium.
Table 2: non-limiting rat ES culture medium
| Reagent | Concentration |
| DMEM/F12 basal medium | 1x (50%) |
| Neurobasal culture medium | 1x (50%) |
| Penicillin/streptomycin | 1% |
| L-Glutamine | 4mM |
| 2 mercapto ethanol | 0.1mM |
| N2 supplement | 1x |
| B27 supplement | 1x |
| LIF | 100U/ml |
| PD0325901 (mek inhibitor) | 1μM |
| CHIR99021 (GSK inhibitor) | 3μM |
The other culture medium that can be used includes culture medium disclosed in following patent document: Li et al. people (2008) Cell
135:1299-1310；Yamamoto et al. (2012) Transgenic Rats 21:743-755；Ueda et al. (2008) PLoS
ONE 3(6):e2800；Meek et al. (2010) PLoS ONE 4 (12): e14225；Tong et al. (2010) Nature 467:
211-213；U.S. Patent Publication 2012/0142092；Buehr et al. (2008) Cell 135:1287-1298；Li et al. people
(135) Cell 1299-1310, these patent documents are integrally incorporated herein each by reference.When using such culture medium
When, the concentration of LIF and source as outlined herein can modify.In a particular embodiment, various culture mediums be with
Mouse LIF or its active variant or fragment combination use, and in even other embodiments, and various culture mediums include dense
Degree is the mouse LIF or its active variant of about 50U/ml to about 100U/ml, about 50U/ml to about 150U/ml or about 100U/ml
Or segment.
For generating ES cell line and for cultivating and maintaining ES cell line, the cultivation temperature of rat ES cells is typically
It is to be carried out at about 35 DEG C to about 37.5 DEG C.In a particular embodiment, which is 37.0 DEG C.Culture typically exists
7.5% CO2Lower progress.
Ii. rat ES cells system is established
Provide the method for doing (ES) cell line for generating rat embryo.These methods include (a) cultivating in vitro
One feeder layer and morula embryos, blastula embryo or the development between morula embryos and blastula embryo
The rat embryo in stage, wherein the oolemma of rat embryo has been removed, and wherein condition of culture maintains rat ES cells
Versatility and contain the culture medium with mouse leukemia inhibiting factor (LIF) or its active variant or segment；And
(b) outgrowth of undifferentiated amorphous rat ES cells group is transferred to the in vitro culture hole comprising the second feeder layer
In, and maintaining the versatility of rat ES cells and containing the culture with mouse LIF or its active variant or segment
The outgrowth is cultivated under conditions of base, thus establishes rat ES cells system.The various methods are additionally included in Rats In Vitro
The cell of ES cell line is passed on and is cultivated, wherein each subsequent in vitro culture includes in the versatility for maintaining rat ES cells
And it under conditions of containing the culture medium with mouse LIF or its active variant or segment, is cultivated in feeder layer
Rat ES cells.Additionally provide the rat ES cells system generated by this class method.
Establishing, there is the non-limiting example of the method for rat ES cells system of various features discussed herein to be set forth in
In embodiment 3.Briefly, go out rat embryo (that is, morula embryos, blastula embryo from the uterine irrigation of female rats
Or the rat embryo of the stage of development between morula embryos and blastula embryo).In a particular embodiment, it obtains
Blastaea or 8 cell stages.It removes oolemma and cultivates rat embryo on feeder cells (as discussed elsewhere herein),
In a particular embodiment, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) single layer comprising mitosis inactivation.Maintaining ES rat thin
Thus born of the same parents are simultaneously enough under conditions of the versatility and/or totipotency that maintain ES cell, in vitro culture morula embryos, blastula stage
The cell of the rat embryo of embryo or the stage of development between morula embryos and blastula embryo.In this stage,
Various culture mediums can be used, there is LIF (including mouse LIF or its active variant in the medium including discussed above
Or segment) any one of various culture mediums.
Monitor the presence of outgrowth (undifferentiated amorphous cell group) in culture.Once outgrowth reaches appropriate big
It is small, just given outgrowth is transferred on new raising plate and is cultivated.Enzymatic dissociation is carried out by using trypsase to come
Transfer is realized, to generate multiple colonies.This transfer is frequently referred to " 1st generation ".The speed of each cell line amplification is different.
When necessary, culture medium is replaced to maintain the versatility or totipotency of rat ES cells.Monitoring in culture has embryo dry thin
The presence of the colony of born of the same parents' form.Such form includes one or more of feature: (a) rounded, circular protuberance increases super
Cross feeder cells single layer；(b) cell tight, which forces together, makes it difficult to see cell boundaries；(c) lesser cell size；(d)
A small amount of cytoplasm and the core to become larger；(e) spherical colony is formed when applying be laid on feeder cells in vitro.Once there is this class set
It falls, so that it may continue to cultivate, converge until reaching about 50%.Then, colony is transferred on new raising plate.By using pancreas
Protease carries out enzymatic dissociation to realize transfer, to expand the quantity of colony.This is known as " 2nd generation ".Cell continuation is being raised
It cultivates in the presence of cell, converges until it reaches about 50%, at this point, cell can undergo further passage to maintain cell line,
Or cell line can freeze.It see also, Tong et al. (2010) Nature 467 (9): 211-215；Li et al. people (2008) Cell
135:1299-1310；And Buehr et al. (2008) Cell 135:1287-1298, these documents are each by being incorporated by this
Wen Zhong.Therefore, in a particular embodiment, various rat ES cells, cell line and cell mass disclosed herein can pass on
It cultivates and maintains undifferentiated state.
In one non-limiting embodiment, the derivatization of rat ES cells is as follows.0th day, female mice is implemented
Euthanasia, and fallopian tubal and cornua uteri are cut, and be put into the tissue culture dishes of the N2B27 culture medium containing heating.Make to train
Feeding base be flushed through cornua uteri and fallopian tubal with by blastaea by entering in culture medium.It collects blastaea and is transferred into containing KSOM+
In the Embryo Culture ware of 2i (1 μM of PD0325901,3 μM of CHIR99021).KSOM can be purchased from Millipore, and catalog number (Cat.No.) is
MR-106-D.The 2i culture medium being mentioned herein includes the culture medium stated in table 2.Cell is in 37 DEG C and 7.5% CO2Lower training
It supports overnight.
In other non-limiting embodiments, rat ES cells are derived from 8 blasts of 8 cell stages or freezing
Tire.At room temperature, cell is cultivated 10 minutes in M2 culture medium, is then transferred into KSOM+2i simultaneously overnight incubation.
Non-limiting example in relation to rat ES cells derivatization is as follows: the 1st day, the embryo transfer of cavitation to 2i being cultivated
In base (table 2) and overnight incubation.The embryo of non-cavitation continues to cultivate in KSOM+2i.2nd day, all remaining embryos are turned
It moves on in 2i culture medium, regardless of these embryos whether cavitation.Continue overnight incubation in 2i culture medium.3rd day, in acidity
It is incubated for embryo in the presence of Tai Shi solution (acid tyrode) to remove oolemma, and washs 3 times in 2i culture medium to go to deacidify
Property Tai Shi solution.Each embryo is deposited in the separate wells of raising plate, wherein the mouse of mitosis inactivation is contained in each hole
Embryo fibroblast (MEF) single layer.Cell overnight incubation in 2i culture medium.4th day and the 5th day, monitoring cell applied paving
The presence of outgrowth (that is, undifferentiated amorphous cell group) in embryo.The about twice size for spreading embryo is applied when outgrowth reaches
When, it is ready for shifting.It removes used culture medium and is replaced with fresh 2i culture medium every day.Outgrowth is transferred to
In new raising hole, and used culture medium is removed again, and wash each hole with PBS.Removal PBS simultaneously adds trypsase,
And it is incubated for about 10 minutes.Stop trypsase reaction by adding 2i culture medium and the 10%FBS of 30 μ l.Gently dissociate
Entire content is simultaneously transferred in the hole of raising plate by cell.This is known as 1st generation (P1).Cell was cultivated in 2i culture medium
Night.The 5-8 days, depending on the speed of each cell line amplification, replacing 2i culture medium daily and monitoring had ESC shape in culture
The presence of the colony of state.Such ESC form is discussed in detail in other places in this article.Continue to cultivate, until colony amplification to about 50%
Converge.Then, it is passed in raising hole with trypsin treatment colony and as described previously.This is known as 2nd generation.Continue
Each cell line is cultivated and monitored, is converged until it reaches about 50%.As usual trypsin treatment cell is used.With 2i culture medium+
10%FBS stops trypsase.Make cell precipitation by centrifugation, and by cell be put into 400 μ l freezing culture medium (70%2i,
20%FBS, 10%DMSO) in.It is then possible to be freezed to cell.This was known as the 3rd generation.
Iii. it maintains rat ES cells system and is passed on
It is additionally provided with the method for maintaining or cultivating Embryonic Stem Cell system.This method is included in vitro culture feeding
Cellular layer and rat ES cells system are supported, wherein condition of culture maintains rat embryo to do the versatility of (ES) cell, and contains
Culture medium with mouse leukemia inhibiting factor (LIF) or its active variant or segment.Such method is used as more than
The culture medium and feeder layer of general introduction.In one embodiment, rat ES cells system can pass at least 5,6,7,8,9,
10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,30,40,50 times or more times.It is being embodied
In scheme, rat ES cells can pass on up at least 11 times in the culture medium comprising GSK3 inhibitor and mek inhibitor, and
Its targeting efficiency or system genitale transmission efficiency that target genetic modification will not be reduced.
It cultivates and monitors rat ES cells system.In a particular embodiment, when culture reaches about 30%, 40%, 50%
Or 60% when converging, and passes on.In other embodiments, it when culture, which reaches 50%, to be converged, passes on.It depends on
The speed of each cell line amplification, can with every 24,25,26,27,28,29,30,40,45,50,55,60,65,70,75,80,
90, it passes within 95 or 100 hours.In other embodiments, the time range between passage 24 hours with 96 hours it
Between, between about 30 hours and 50 hours, between about 25 hours and 75 hours, between about 50 hours and 96 hours, about
Between 25 hours and 75 hours, about 35 hours and 85 hours, or between about 40 hours and 70 hours.In an embodiment
In, rat ES cells, cell line or cell mass as disclosed herein have times within the scope of about 24 hours to about 36 hours
Increase the time.In one embodiment, the doubling time of rat ES cells is 25 hours.
Various rat ES cells systems can have following any characteristic when performing the derivatization and maintaining as outlined herein
One of or it is a variety of:
(a) there is fecundity, it is meant that when rat ES cells are implanted into rat Host embryos, rat ES cells system
Genome be passed in offspring；
(b) after targeting genetic modification have fecundity, it is meant that when by rat ES cells be implanted into rat host embryo
When in tire, the targeting genetic modification in rat ES cells system genome is passed in offspring；
(c) there is versatility in vitro；
(d) there is totipotency in vitro；
(e) when cultivating in vitro, loosely it is adhered to feeder layer；
(f) when painting is laid in feeder layer in vitro, spherical colony is formed when cultivating in vitro；
(g) when under conditions of comprising the feeder layer not by genetic modification at expression LIF ELISA (LIF)
When in vitro culture, versatility is maintained, wherein culture medium includes sufficient concentrations of LIF；
(h) when in vitro culture under conditions of comprising feeder layer, versatility is maintained, wherein culture medium includes mouse
LIF or its active variant or segment；
It (i) include characterization of molecules, which is characterized in that
I) one or more rat ES cells specific genes are expressed, the rat ES cells specific gene includes adherency
Connect GAP-associated protein GAP (Ajap1), tight junction protein 5 (Cldn5), Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9 (Arhgef9),
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (Camk4), ephrins-A1 (Efna1), EPH receptor A4 (Epha4), gap connect
Meet albumen β 5 (Gjb5), insulin-like growth factor binding protein sample 1 (Igfbpl1), 6 β of interleukin Ⅲ (Il1f8), white thin
28 receptor alpha of born of the same parents' interleukin (Il28ra), left and right factor of determination 1 (Lefty1), leukemia inhibitory factor receptor α (Lifr), haemolysis phosphorus
Resin acid receptor 2 (Lpar2), neuron pentraxins receptor (Ntm), non-receptor 18 type protein tyrosine phosphatase
(Ptpn18), the homologous frame 2 (Cdx2) of tail type, type III fibronectin and ankyrin repeat domains 1 (Fank1), plug frame E1
The crinosity of (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2) (Foxe1), the primitive containing YRPW/enhancer is broken GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2), plug frame E1
The crinosity of (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2) (Foxe1), the primitive containing YRPW/enhancer fracture GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2), lymph sample increase
Hadron binding factor 1 (Lef1), Sal sample albumen 3 (drosophila) (Sall3), the homologous frame 1 (Satb1) of SATB, miR-632 or its group
It closes；
Ii) expression at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,
24,25 or more rat ES cells specific gene, the rat ES cells specific gene include to be adhesively joined related egg
White (Ajap1), tight junction protein 5 (Cldn5), Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9 (Arhgef9), calcium/calcium tune egg
White deopendent protein kinase IV (Camk4), ephrins-A1 (Efna1), EPH receptor A4 (Epha4), gap junction protein β 5
(Gjb5), insulin-like growth factor binding protein sample 1 (Igfbpl1), 6 β of interleukin Ⅲ (Il1f8), interleukin 28
Receptor alpha (Il28ra), left and right factor of determination 1 (Lefty1), leukemia inhibitory factor receptor α (Lifr), lpa receptor 2
(Lpar2), neuron pentraxins receptor (Ntm), non-receptor 18 type protein tyrosine phosphatase (Ptpn18), tail type are same
Source frame 2 (Cdx2), type III fibronectin and ankyrin repeat domains 1 (Fank1), plug frame E1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2)
(Foxe1), the crinosity of the primitive containing YRPW/enhancer is broken GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2), plug frame E1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2)
(Foxe1), the crinosity of the primitive containing YRPW/enhancer is broken GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2), lymph sample enhancer binding factor 1
(Lef1), the homologous frame 1 (Satb1) of Sal sample albumen 3 (drosophila) (Sall3), SATB, miR-632 or combinations thereof；
Iii) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, one or more rat ES cells as stated in table 14 are special
The expression of specific gene has at least 20 times increases；
Iv) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,
16, the table of 17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25 or more such as rat ES cells specific genes stated in table 14
Up to there is at least 20 times increases；
V) expression of the one or more such as rat ES cells specific gene stated in table 13；
Vi) at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,
25, the expression of 30,35,40,45,50 or more such as rat ES cells specific genes stated in table 13；
Vii) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, one or more rat ES cells as stated in table 13 are special
The expression of specific gene has at least 20 times increases；
Viii) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,
15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,30,35,40,45,50 or more the rat ES as stated in table 13
The expression of cell-specific genes has at least 20 times increases；
Ix) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, one or more rat ES cells as stated in table 12 are special
The expression of specific gene has at least 20 times reductions；And/or
X) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,
16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,30,35,40,45,50 or more the rat ES as stated in table 12 is thin
The expression of born of the same parents' specific gene has at least 20 times reductions；
Xi) any combination of the expression of the rat ES cells specific gene in the part (i)-(x)；
Xii) at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17 or 18 kind of institute as shown in table 15
The multipotency marker relative expression levels of column multipotency marker.Related relative expression levels sort referring to the versatility in table 15
One column；
Xiii) as shown in table 15 at least 2,3 or 4 kind listed by mesodermal marker mesodermal marker relative expression
It is horizontal.Related relative expression levels, referring to one column of mesoderm sequence in table 15；
Xiv) as shown in table 15 at least 2,3,4,5 or 6 kind listed by endodermal marker object endodermal marker object it is opposite
Expression.Related relative expression levels, referring to one column of entoderm sequence in table 15；
Xv) as shown in table 15 at least 2 and 3 kind listed by neural markers object neural markers object relative expression levels.Have
Relative expression levels are closed, referring to one column of nerve sequence in table 15；
Xvi) the trophectoderm marker relative expression levels of listed trophectoderm marker as shown in table 15.
Related relative expression levels, referring to one column of trophectoderm sequence in table 15；
Xvii) one or more (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,
22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29 or 30 kind) such as multipotency marker, mesodermal marker, the entoderm stated in table 15
Any relative expression levels of marker, neural markers object and/or trophectoderm marker；
Xviii) the relative expression levels for each marker stated in table 15；
Xix) any combination for the feature stated in xii-xiix；And/or
Xx) any combination for the feature stated in i-xiix；
(j) there is the ability for generating F0 rat；
(k) secondary culture and undifferentiated state can be maintained；
(l) there is chromosome quantitative identical with normal rat cell；And/or
(m) versatility is maintained in vitro, is not necessarily to paracrine LIF signal transduction.
(n) there is self refresh ability, it is meant that its unlimited division, while maintaining versatility.
These characteristics of given rat ES cells system can reside in any generation, including the 5th, 6,7,8,9,10,11,12,
13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,30,40,50 generations or more.
Therefore, in one non-limiting embodiment, provide comprising feeder layer and rat ES cells group
In vitro culture, wherein condition of in vitro culture maintains the versatility of rat ES cells and contains to inhibit with mouse leukemia
The culture medium of the factor (LIF) or its active variant or segment.In a particular embodiment, the rat cultivated under such conditions
ES cell makes at least 50% cell mass maintain versatility up at least 10 times in generation, and at least 60% cell mass is made to maintain versatility
Up at least 10 times in generation, makes at least 70% cell mass maintain versatility up at least 10 times in generation, make at least 75% cell mass
It maintains versatility to reach at least 10 times in generation, makes at least 80% cell mass maintain versatility up at least 10 times in generation, make at least
85% cell mass maintains versatility to reach at least 10 times in generation, when making at least 90% cell mass that versatility be maintained to reach at least 10 generation
Between, or at least 95% cell mass is made to maintain versatility up at least 10 times in generation.
It is additionally provided with the in vitro culture comprising various rat ES cells disclosed herein, cell mass and cell line herein
Object, and the cultivate reagent box for these various ES cells.For example, as discussed above, in a particular embodiment,
Various rat ES cells provided in this article have one or more of feature: (1) when cultivating in vitro, loosely adhering to
In feeder layer；(2) when painting is laid in feeder layer in vitro, when cultivating in vitro, spherical colony is formed；(3)
When in vitro culture under conditions of comprising not by genetic modification at the feeder layer for expressing the leukaemia inhibitor factor (LIF)
When, versatility is maintained, wherein culture medium includes sufficient concentrations of LIF；And/or (4) its can secondary culture and maintain do not divide
Change state.In addition, rat ES cells group any in these in vitro cultures may include for example such a cell mass,
In at least 70%, 75%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% in the group
Or 100% cell be euploid, diploid and/or have 42 chromosomes.
It is a kind of in vitro cultivate Embryonic Stem Cell method include (a) offer in vitro culture, the in vitro culture
(ES) cell mass is done comprising feeder layer and isolated rat embryo；And (b) it is being enough to maintain isolated rat embryo to do
(ES) under conditions of the versatility or totipotency of cell, the in vitro culture is cultivated, and wherein rat ES cells form pine
It is adhered to the colony of feeder layer scatteredly." loose adherency " or " loosely adhering to " are meant to, if culture dish stands one section
Time (minimum 8 hours), then some colonies can be adhered to trophoderm, so that when gently moving culture dish, these
Colony can maintain to adhere to.In the smaller pores (in the case where less mobile culture medium), loose adherency can faster occur.?
In any case, the culture medium in a) vortex culture dish can be passed through or passed through gently across trophoderm area suction culture
Base removes these colonies.The form of these colonies loosely adhered to is still spherical.In such situation, rat ES cells are worked as
When painting is laid in feeder layer in vitro, spherical colony is formed.This near-spherical colony is for example shown in Fig. 1.
Iv. kit and in vitro culture
Rat ES cells and rat ES cells provided in this article system may be embodied in kit or product.Specific real
It applies in scheme, kit or product include any rat ES cells system disclosed herein or cell mass.The kit can be another
Outer includes any culture medium for maintaining rat ES cells, the culture medium of the versatility including maintaining rat ES cells.Such culture
Base may include the culture medium with mouse LIF or its active variant or segment, such as be discussed in more detail elsewhere herein.Examination
Culture medium in agent box can additionally comprise mek inhibitor and GSK-3 inhibitor, alternatively, the culture medium in kit can be another
Outer includes to be combined by mek inhibitor with the inhibitor that GSK-3 inhibitor forms.In a particular embodiment, the training in kit
Feeding base includes the mek inhibitor of PD0325901 and/or the GSK-3 inhibitor including CHIR99021.Discussed herein
Any one of various culture mediums can be included in kit.
Be additionally provided with it is a kind of include any rat ES cells system disclosed herein or cell mass, it is disclosed herein each
Any one of kind culture medium and the kit or product of feeder cells group.In one embodiment, kit or product
In feeder cells not by genetic modification at expression LIF and/or feeder cells include mitosis inactivate mice embryonic at fibre
It ties up cell (MEF).Any one of other feeder cells disclosed herein may be used in kit or product.
IV. rat embryo does the genetic modification of (ES) cell
Various rat ES cells disclosed herein and cell line can be modified to repair containing at least one targeting heredity
Decorations.It thus provides doing the various methods that (ES) cell carries out genetic modification to isolated rat embryo disclosed herein.It should
Method includes that will target genetic modification to be incorporated herein in the genome of disclosed isolated rat ES cells, is repaired with forming heredity
The rat ES cells of decorations.Targeting genetic modification may include any modification to the genome of rat ES, including is for example inserted into, lacks
Lose, knock out, knock in, be mutated or combinations thereof.In one embodiment, targeting genetic modification includes being inserted into heterologous polynucleotide
In the genome of rat ES cells.It as used herein, is that sequence is derived from alien species, Huo Zheru about " heterologous " of sequence
Fruit is derived from same species, then the locus of its composition and/or genome is natural relative to it due to conscious human intervention
Form is substantially modified.
In one aspect, a kind of isolated rat ES cells or rat ES cells system are provided, can be undergone in vitro
Versatility is kept after one or more genetic modifications, and the genome of genetic modification can be transmitted to the system genitale of F1 generation
In.Therefore, rat ES cells undergo in vitro the modification of one or more continuous inheritances (such as two kinds, three kinds, four kinds, five kinds or
Six kinds or the modification of more kinds of continuous inheritances) maintain its versatility to develop into various kinds of cell type later.In other embodiment party
In case, carry out a variety of targeting genetic modifications in given rat ES cells, including such as 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,
13 14,15 or more targeting genetic modifications.Accordingly it is also possible to a variety of heterologous polynucleotides are integrated into genome, including
Such as 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13 14,15 or more.
In one embodiment, after any in 1 to 15 kinds of continuous inheritance modifications of experience, the rat of genetic modification
ES cell can be divided into various kinds of cell type when being exposed to differential medium.In one embodiment, in experience 1 to 15
In the modification of kind of continuous inheritance it is any after, the rat ES cells of genetic modification are able to maintain that maintains undifferentiated shape in culture
State.In one embodiment, the genetic modification in undifferentiated state and the rat ES cells cultivated, which are worked as, is used as rat place
When donorcells in main embryo, it is proliferated the embryo and forms the blastaea comprising one to ten five kinds of genetic modifications.At one
In embodiment, blastaea is developed into when under conditions of being suitable for gestation in implantation foster mothers comprising 1 to 15 kinds of genetic modifications
F0 Offspring rats.
Various methods for generating targeting genetic modification in the genome of rat ES cells can use.Citing comes
It says, in one case, targeting genetic modification uses a kind of system for generating targeting genetic modification via homologous recombination events.
In other situations, the nucleic acid enzymatic reagent that single-stranded or double-stranded fracture is generated at target gene group position can be used to rat ES
Cell is modified.Then, by non-homologous end joining path (non-homologous end joining pathway,
NHEJ the single-stranded or double-stranded fracture) is repaired.The targeting that such system can be used for for example generating function genetic modification is lost.Referring to example
Such as, Tesson et al. (2011) Nature Biotechnology 29:695-696, is herein incorporated by reference.Such examination
Agent includes class activating transcription factor effector nuclease (Transcription Activator-Like Effector
Nuclease, (TALEN) (WO 2010/079430；Morbitzer et al. (2010) PNAS 10.1073/
pnas.1013133107；Scholze&Boch(2010)Virulence 1:428-432；Christian et al., Genetics
(2010)186:757-761；Li et al. people (2010) Nuc.Acids Res. (2010) doi:10.1093/nar/gkq704；And
Miller et al. (2011) Nature Biotechnology 29:143-148；U.S. Patent application No.2011/0239315
A1、2011/0269234 A1、2011/0145940 A1、2003/0232410 A1、2005/0208489 A1、2005/
0026157 A1,2005/0064474 A1,2006/0188987 A1 and 2006/0063231 A1 are (each by being incorporated by
Herein)；Zinc finger nuclease (zinc-finger nuclease, ZFN) (US20060246567；US20080182332；
US20020081614；US20030021776；WO/2002/057308A2；US20130123484；US20100291048；And
WO/2011/017293A2, in being incorporated herein by reference)；Meganuclease is (referring to Epinat et al. (2003)
Nucleic Acids Res 31:2952-62；Chevalier et al., (2002) Mol Cell 10:895-905；Gimble etc.
People, (2003) Mol Biol 334:993-1008；Seligman et al., (2002) Nucleic Acids Res 30:3870-
9；Sussman et al., (2004) J Mol Biol 342:31-41；Rosen et al., (2006) Nucleic Acids Res
34:4791-800；Chames et al., (2005) Nucleic Acids Res 33:e178；Smith et al., (2006)
Nucleic Acids Res 34:e149；Gruen et al., (2002) Nucleic Acids Res 30:e29；Chen and
Zhao,(2005)Nucleic Acids Res 33:e154；WO2005105989；WO2003078619；WO2006097854；
WO2006097853；WO2006097784；And WO2004031346)；And CAS/CRISPER system (Mali P et al.
(2013) Science, on 2 15th, 2013；339(6121):823-6；Jinek M et al., Science, August 17 in 2012
Day；337(6096):816-21；Hwang WY et al., Nat Biotechnol, in March, 2013；31(3):227-9；Jiang W
Et al., Nat Biotechnol, in March, 2013；31(3):233-9；And Cong L et al., Science, on 2 15th, 2013；
339 (6121): 819-23, in being incorporated herein by reference).
In other embodiments, targeted genomic modification can be carried out by using homologous recombination targeting vector.At this
In a little situations, targeting vector includes insertion polynucleotides, and additionally comprises the upstream and downstream for flanking the insertion polynucleotides
Homology arm.The homology arm of insertion polynucleotides is flanked corresponding to the genomic region in target gene group locus.For convenient for referring to,
Correspondence genomic region in target gene group locus is referred to herein as " target site ".Therefore, in one embodiment, target
It may include to flank to carrier and correspond to first of the first target site and the second target site at target gene group locus
First insertion polynucleotides of homology arm and the second homology arm.Therefore, targeting vector facilitates through homology arm and cytogene
The homologous recombination events occurred between correspondence target site in group are integrated into polynucleotides are inserted into target gene group locus.
As used herein, when to share the sequence identity of enough levels each other homologous heavy to serve as homology arm and target site
When the substrate of group reaction, the two regions be " correspond " to each other.It is same or shared with corresponding sequence that " homology " is meant to DNA sequence dna
Sequence identity.Sequence identity between given target site and corresponding homology arm seen on targeting vector, which can be, to be allowed to send out
The sequence identity of any degree of raw homologous recombination.For example, the homology arm (or its segment) and target site of targeting vector
The amount of (or its segment) shared sequence identity can be at least 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%,
81%, 82%, 83%, 84%, 85%, 86%, 87%, 88%, 89%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%,
96%, thus 97%, 98%, 99%, 99.5%, 99.9% or 100% sequence identity makes these sequences experience homologous heavy
Group.In addition, the correspondence homology region between homology arm and corresponding target site can be and be enough to promote at the recognition site of cracking
Homologous recombination any length.
In a particular embodiment, isolated rat ES cells, cell line or cell mass show at least 2%, at least
3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, at least 9%, at least 10%, at least 11%, at least
12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%,
At least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75% or at least 80% it is same
Source recombination efficiency.In one embodiment, it is higher than 4% using the homologous recombination efficiency of rat ES cells.
In a particular embodiment, when generating targeting genetic modification in rat ES cells, using selectable marker.It compiles
The polynucleotides of code selectable marker can reside on targeting vector, which, which is designed to that genetic modification will be targeted, draws
Enter in genome or the polynucleotides can be seen on individual plasmid or carrier.The polynucleotides of encoding selectable markers object
It may be embodied in expression cassette.Other places are discussed in further detail the various components of such expression cassette in this article.
Various selectable markers may be used in method disclosed herein and composition.Such selectable marker can be with
Such as it assigns for antibiotic such as G418, hygromycin (hygromycin), imoticidin (blastocidin), puromycin
(puromycin) or the resistance of neomycin (neomycin).Such selectable marker includes neomycin phosphotransferase (neor)、
Hygromycin B phosphotransferase (hygr), puromycin N-acetyl transferase and imoticidin S deaminase (bsrr).Again its
In its embodiment, selectable marker is operably connected to the expression of inducible promoters and the selectable marker to cell
It is toxic.The non-limiting example of such selectable marker includes that xanthine/guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (gpt), secondary Huang are fast
Purine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) or herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK).See, for example,
Santerre et al. (1984) Gene 30:147-56；Joyner(1999)The Practical Approach Series,
293；Santerre et al. (1984) Gene 30:147-56；Bernard et al. (1985) Exp Cell Res 158:237-
43；Giordano and McAllister (1990) Gene, 88:285-8；Izumi et al. (1991) Exp Cell Res 197:
229-33), it is integrally incorporated herein each by reference.In a particular embodiment, neoR selected marker object is neomycin
Phosphotransferase (neo) gene is herein incorporated by reference referring to Beck et al. (1982) Gene, 19:327-36.neoR
Selectable marker is United States Patent (USP) No.7,205,148 or 6, selectable marker used in 596,541, each patent passes through reference
It is incorporated herein.
In a particular embodiment, selectable marker used is unattenuated selectable marker." unattenuated selected marker
Object " contains the active selectable marker for keeping natural polypeptides or the selectable marker compared with the native form of polypeptide
Compared with when have increased activity.The activity of selectable marker, which increases, may include active any statistically significant increase,
Including for example increasing by least 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or greater percentage.Therefore,
Unattenuated selectable marker will enable the host cell of greater percentage adopt in concentration ratio when expressing in host cell
It survives in the presence of high selective agent when with the selectable marker of decaying.Unattenuated selectable marker includes that such as neomycin does not wane
Subtract selectable marker.See, for example, Beck et al. (1982) Gene, 19:327-36 or United States Patent (USP) No.7,205,148 or 6,
596,541, in being incorporated herein by reference.
In other situations, when compared with the selectable marker of decaying and/or wild type (natural) selectable marker,
The active increase of selectable marker can unattenuated selectable marker in the genome by increasing rat ES cells, decaying
Selectable marker or natural selectable marker copy number cause.Therefore, given rat ES cells can include in its genome
At least 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 or more given selectable markers are (that is, the choosing of unattenuated selectable marker, decaying
Select marker or natural (wild type) selectable marker) copy.
Various selectable markers used are by being operably connected to active promoter in rat ES cells
Polynucleotide encoding.In a particular embodiment, the activity of selectable marker increases and can be increased by the expression of selectable marker
Cause.It is therefore possible to use promoter improves the expression of given selectable marker.Promoter of interest includes but not
It is limited to, CMV promoter, PGK promoter and CAG promoter.In one embodiment, people's ubiquitin (hUb) promoter has been used
To express selectable marker.Referring to Valenzuela et al. (2003) Nature Biotechnology 21:652-659, pass through
Reference is integrally incorporated herein.
In one embodiment, after carrying out single wheel electroporation with exogenous nucleic acid, rat ES cells maintain it more
Energy property is to develop into various kinds of cell type.In another embodiment, rat ES cells are carrying out the second wheel with exogenous nucleic acid
After electroporation, after carrying out third round electroporation with exogenous nucleic acid, after carrying out fourth round electroporation with exogenous nucleic acid,
After carrying out the 5th wheel electroporation with exogenous nucleic acid, is carried out with exogenous nucleic acid the 6th take turns electroporation after, with external source core
After acid carries out 7th round electroporation, after carrying out the 8th wheel electroporation with exogenous nucleic acid, the 9th is being carried out with exogenous nucleic acid
After taking turns electroporation, after carrying out the tenth wheel electroporation with exogenous nucleic acid, the 11st wheel electroporation is being carried out with exogenous nucleic acid
Later, after carrying out the 12nd wheel electroporation with exogenous nucleic acid, after carrying out the tenth three-wheel electroporation with exogenous nucleic acid,
After carrying out the tenth four-wheel electroporation with exogenous nucleic acid and/or after carrying out the 15th wheel electroporation with exogenous nucleic acid, maintain
Its versatility is to develop into various kinds of cell type.In other embodiments, rat ES cells a continuous electroporation of wheel (that is,
At least 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 or more wheel electroporations) targeting genetic modification can be transmitted in filial generation later.
I. sequence is introduced into Embryonic Stem Cell
Method provided herein includes that one or more polynucleotides or polypeptide construct are introduced into cell, the structure
Build various components needed for body contains generation targeted genomic modification." introducing " is meant to so that sequence is close to cell interior
Mode sequence (polypeptide or polynucleotides) is presented to cell.Method provided herein with by target gene group integration system
Any component be introduced into that the specific method in cell is unrelated, only the method with polynucleotides close to the inside of at least one cell has
It closes.Method for polynucleotides to be introduced into various cell types be it is as known in the art and include but is not limited to, surely
Determine infection protocol, transiently transfect method and virus-mediated method.Such method includes but is not limited to, electroporation, intra-cytoplasmic injection,
Virus infection (including adenovirus, slow virus and retroviral vector), transfection, lipid mediate transfection and/or
NucleofactionTM.See, for example, Stadtfeld et al. (2009) Nature Methods 6 (5): 329-330；Yusa etc.
People (2009) Nat.Methods 6:363-369；Woltjen et al. (2009) Nature 458,766-770.Such method packet
It includes but is not limited to, direct DNA delivery such as passes through ex vivo transfection (Wilson et al., Science, 244:1344-1346,1989；
Nabel and Baltimore, Nature 326:711-713,1987), be optionally present Fugene6 (Roche) or
Lipofectamine(Invitrogen)；By injection (United States Patent (USP) No.5,994,624,5,981,274,5,945,100,
5,780,448,5,736,524,5,702,932,5,656,610,5,589,466 and 5,580,859, each by being incorporated by
Herein), including microinjection (Harland and Weintraub, J.Cell Biol., 101:1094-1099,1985；The U.S.
Patent No.5,789,215, be herein incorporated by reference)；By electroporation, (United States Patent (USP) No.5,384,253, pass through reference
It is incorporated herein；Tur-Kaspa et al., Mol.Cell Biol., 6:716-718,1986；Potter et al., Proc.Nat'l
Acad.Sci.USA,81:7161-7165,1984)；By calcium phosphate precipitation (Graham and Van Der Eb, Virology,
52:456-467,1973；Chen and Okayama, Mol.Cell Biol., 7 (8): 2745-2752,1987；Rippe et al.,
Mol.Cell Biol.,10:689-695,1990)；By using the subsequent polyethylene glycol of DEAE- glucan (Gopal,
Mol.Cell Biol.,5:1188-1190,1985)；(Fechheimer et al., Proc.Nat'l are loaded by direct sound wave
Acad.Sci.USA,84:8463-8467,1987)；By liposome-mediated transfection (Nicolau and Sene,
Biochim.Biophys.Acta,721:185-190,1982；Fraley et al., Proc.Nat'l Acad.Sci.USA, 76:
3348-3352,1979；Nicolau et al., Methods Enzymol., 149:157-176,1987；Wong et al., Gene,
10:87-94,1980；Kaneda et al., Science, 243:375-378,1989；Kato et al., Biol.Chem., 266:
3361-3364,1991) and receptor-mediated transfection (Wu and Wu, Biochemistry, 27:887-892,1988；Wu and Wu,
J.Biol.Chem.,262:4429-4432,1987)；And any combination of these methods, each by being incorporated herein by reference
In.
In some embodiments, there is the cell used in the method and composition DNA construct stabilization to be incorporated to it
In genome." stabilization is incorporated to " or " stabilization is introduced into " is meant to and polynucleotides is introduced into cell, so that nucleotide sequence is whole
It closes in the genome of cell and can be inherited by its filial generation.Any scheme, which may be used to stablize, to be incorporated to for generating targeting
The DNA construct of genomic modification or various components.
Transfection procedure and can be different for polypeptide or polynucleotide sequence to be introduced into the scheme in cell.It is non-limiting
Transfection method includes the transfection method based on chemical reagent, these methods include using liposome；Nanoparticle；Calcium phosphate
(Graham et al. (1973) .Virology 52 (2): 456-67；Bacchetti et al. (1977) Proc Natl Acad Sci
USA 74(4):1590–4；And Kriegler, M (1991) .Transfer and Expression:A Laboratory
Manual.New York:W.H.Freeman and Company. page 96-97)；Dendrimers；Or cationic polymer,
Such as DEAE- glucan or polyethyleneimine.Non-chemical method includes electroporation, sonoporation and optics transfection.Based on particle
Transfection includes using particle gun, magnet Assisted Transfection (Bertram, J. (2006) Current Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology 7,277–28).Viral method can also be used to be transfected.
The non-limiting example that heterologous polynucleotide is introduced into the method in rat ES cells is as follows.Before electroporation,
Make rat ES cells passage about 24 to about 48 as described herein.About 24 hours before electroporation, culture medium is replaced with
RVG2i+ROCKi(10μM Y-27632).With trypsin treatment rat ES cells and separate each rat ES cells.Make rat ES
Cell suspend with reach every 75ul about 2x 10^6 to about 10x 10^6 cell final cell concentration.By the rat ES of about 75 λ
Cell is added in about 50 DNA of the λ containing heterologous polynucleotide, and adds about 125 λ EP buffers.In a non-limiting implementation
In scheme, electroporation: 400V is carried out by following parameter；400V；Ω；100μF.Then, it is cultivated in RVG2i and 10 μM of ROCKi
Cell, and can be transferred on feeder cells.
Ii. the Embryonic Stem Cell with targeted genomic modification is selected
It provides and is incorporated with each of the rat ES cells for targeting genetic modification for selecting and maintaining to stablize in genome
Kind method.In one non-limiting embodiment, when heterologous polynucleotide to be introduced into rat ES cells, this method be can wrap
It includes (a) and external rat ES cells group is provided；(b) heterologous polynucleotide is introduced at least one rat ES cells, this is heterologous more
Nucleotide includes the selectable marker for being operably connected to active promoter in rat ES cells；And it (c) is handing over
In Cultured Rat ES cell mass in the first culture medium and the second culture medium replaced, wherein the first culture medium includes a effective amount of choosing
It selects agent, keeps first time period, and the second culture medium does not include selective agent, wherein condition of in vitro culture maintains versatility and complete
It can property；And thus select in genome the stable integration rat ES cells of heterologous polynucleotide.It can be selected in grouping
The various methods for providing the rat ES cells of targeting genetic modification may be used in vitro culture system so that rat ES is thin
Born of the same parents maintain versatility.It is therefore possible to use any in-vitro culture medium discussed herein and feeder cells.
In a particular embodiment, the first culture medium and the second culture medium every about 5,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,
17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40 hours
Or the longer time is alternately.In a specific embodiment, the first culture medium replaced with the second culture medium every 24 hours.
Any selectable marker appropriate can be used and corresponding selection agent will be present in culture medium with effective concentration.
Such selectable marker includes the selectable marker or unattenuated selection mark of natural selectable marker discussed herein, decaying
Remember any one of object.In one embodiment, selectable marker used is assigned to including such as G418 in interior antibiotic
Resistance.Non-limiting selectable marker includes neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) or hygromix phosphotransferase (hpt).
The concentration of selective agent should allow to select the rat ES cells with selectable marker, while maintain to exist in culture
Rat ES cells versatility.When using such as G418, the concentration range of G418 can be about 50ug/ in Selective agar medium
Ml to about 125ug/ml, about 60ug/ml are to about 125ug/ml, about 70ug/ml to about 125ug/ml, about 80ug/ml to about
125ug/ml, about 90ug/ml to about 125ug/ml, about 100ug/ml to about 125ug/ml, about 110ug/ml to about 125ug/ml,
About 80ug/ml to about 100ug/ml, about 65ug/ml are to about 85ug/ml, about 70ug/ml to about 80ug/ml.In an embodiment party
In case, the concentration of G418 is 75 μ g/ml in culture.
Selection culture medium makes Embryonic Stem Cell keep versatility.It retouches in detail in such culture medium other places herein
It states.
After selection scheme can be in the genome that the polynucleotides of encoding selectable markers object are introduced into rat ES cells
It originates any time.In a particular embodiment, selection scheme be selectable marker be introduced into rat ES cells after 10,
15,20,24,30,35,40,50,60 hours or longer time start.In one embodiment, selection scheme is to introduce
Start within about 2 days after the polynucleotides of encoding selectable markers object.
It is as follows using the non-limiting selection scheme of G418.2nd day (in the polynucleotides for introducing encoding selectable markers object
The 2nd day later), rat ES cells group is incubated in 2i culture medium and 75 μ g/ml G418.It 3rd day, is trained in the 2i without G418
It supports and is incubated for rat ES cells group in base.4th day, rat ES cells group is incubated in 2i culture medium and 75 μ g/ml G418.5th
It, is incubated for rat ES cells group in the 2i culture medium without G418.It 6th day, is incubated in 2i culture medium and 75 μ g/ml G418
Educate rat ES cells group.7th day, rat ES cells group is incubated in the 2i culture medium without G418.8th day, be free of 75 μ g/
Rat ES cells group is incubated in the 2i culture medium of ml G418.9th day, it is thin that rat ES is incubated in the 2i culture medium without G418
Born of the same parents group.10th day, rat ES cells group is incubated in 2i culture medium and 75 μ g/ml G418.11st day, in the 2i for being free of G418
Rat ES cells group is incubated in culture medium.12nd day, colony was picked for expanding and screening.
After selecting with the rat ES cells of selectable marker, colony can be expanded.In specific embodiment party
In case, in the condition of culture for maintaining cells pluripotency, the amplification phase can be about 1,2,3,4,5 or more days.In a non-limit
In property embodiment processed, expand selected colony 3 days.In another embodiment, used medium is 2i culture medium.Then,
Each clone can be made to pass on and further expanded.
Rat ES cells and cell line with one or more targeting genetic modifications can have following any or more
Kind characteristic:
(a) after targeting genetic modification have fecundity, it is meant that when by rat ES cells be implanted into rat host embryo
When in tire, the targeting genetic modification in rat ES cells system genome is passed in offspring；
(b) there is versatility in vitro；
(c) there is totipotency in vitro；
(d) when cultivating in vitro, loosely it is adhered to feeder layer；
(e) when painting is laid in feeder layer in vitro, spherical colony is formed when cultivating in vitro；
(f) when under conditions of comprising the feeder layer not by genetic modification at expression LIF ELISA (LIF)
When in vitro culture, versatility is maintained, wherein culture medium includes sufficient concentrations of LIF；
(g) when in vitro culture under conditions of comprising feeder layer, versatility is maintained, wherein culture medium includes mouse
LIF or its active variant or segment；
It (h) include characterization of molecules, which is characterized in that
I) one or more rat ES cells specific genes are expressed, the rat ES cells specific gene includes adherency
Connect GAP-associated protein GAP (Ajap1), tight junction protein 5 (Cldn5), Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9 (Arhgef9),
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (Camk4), ephrins-A1 (Efna1), EPH receptor A4 (Epha4), gap connect
Meet albumen β 5 (Gjb5), insulin-like growth factor binding protein sample 1 (Igfbpl1), 6 β of interleukin Ⅲ (Il1f8), white thin
28 receptor alpha of born of the same parents' interleukin (Il28ra), left and right factor of determination 1 (Lefty1), leukemia inhibitory factor receptor α (Lifr), haemolysis phosphorus
Resin acid receptor 2 (Lpar2), neuron pentraxins receptor (Ntm), non-receptor 18 type protein tyrosine phosphatase
(Ptpn18), the homologous frame 2 (Cdx2) of tail type, type III fibronectin and ankyrin repeat domains 1 (Fank1), plug frame E1
The crinosity of (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2) (Foxe1), the primitive containing YRPW/enhancer is broken GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2), plug frame E1
The crinosity of (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2) (Foxe1), the primitive containing YRPW/enhancer fracture GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2), lymph sample increase
Hadron binding factor 1 (Lef1), Sal sample albumen 3 (drosophila) (Sall3), the homologous frame 1 (Satb1) of SATB, miR-632 or its group
It closes；
Ii) expression at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,
24,25 or more rat ES cells specific gene, the rat ES cells specific gene include to be adhesively joined related egg
White (Ajap1), tight junction protein 5 (Cldn5), Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9 (Arhgef9), calcium/calcium tune egg
White deopendent protein kinase IV (Camk4), ephrins-A1 (Efna1), EPH receptor A4 (Epha4), gap junction protein β 5
(Gjb5), insulin-like growth factor binding protein sample 1 (Igfbpl1), 6 β of interleukin Ⅲ (Il1f8), interleukin 28
Receptor alpha (Il28ra), left and right factor of determination 1 (Lefty1), leukemia inhibitory factor receptor α (Lifr), lpa receptor 2
(Lpar2), neuron pentraxins receptor (Ntm), non-receptor 18 type protein tyrosine phosphatase (Ptpn18), tail type are same
Source frame 2 (Cdx2), type III fibronectin and ankyrin repeat domains 1 (Fank1), plug frame E1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2)
(Foxe1), the crinosity of the primitive containing YRPW/enhancer is broken GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2), plug frame E1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2)
(Foxe1), the crinosity of the primitive containing YRPW/enhancer is broken GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2), lymph sample enhancer binding factor 1
(Lef1), the homologous frame 1 (Satb1) of Sal sample albumen 3 (drosophila) (Sall3), SATB, miR-632 or combinations thereof；
Iii) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, one or more rat ES cells as stated in table 14 are special
The expression of specific gene has at least 20 times increases；
Iv) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,
16, the table of 17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25 or more such as rat ES cells specific genes stated in table 14
Up to there is at least 20 times increases；
V) expression of the one or more such as rat ES cells specific gene stated in table 13；
Vi) at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,
25, the expression of 30,35,40,45,50 or more such as rat ES cells specific genes stated in table 13；
Vii) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, one or more rat ES cells as stated in table 13 are special
The expression of specific gene has at least 20 times increases；
Viii) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,
15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,30,35,40,45,50 or more the rat ES as stated in table 13
The expression of cell-specific genes has at least 20 times increases；
Ix) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, one or more rat ES cells as stated in table 12 are special
The expression of specific gene has at least 20 times reductions；And/or
X) when compared with F1H4 ES cells, at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,
16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,30,35,40,45,50 or more the rat ES as stated in table 12 is thin
The expression of born of the same parents' specific gene has at least 20 times reductions；
Xi) any combination of the expression of the rat ES cells specific gene in the part (i)-(x)；
Xii) at least 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17 or 18 kind of institute as shown in table 15
The multipotency marker relative expression levels of column multipotency marker.Related relative expression levels sort referring to the versatility in table 15
One column；
Xiii) as shown in table 15 at least 2,3 or 4 kind listed by mesodermal marker mesodermal marker relative expression
It is horizontal.Related relative expression levels, referring to one column of mesoderm sequence in table 15；
Xiv) as shown in table 15 at least 2,3,4,5 or 6 kind listed by endodermal marker object endodermal marker object it is opposite
Expression.Related relative expression levels, referring to one column of entoderm sequence in table 15；
Xv) as shown in table 15 at least 2 and 3 kind listed by neural markers object neural markers object relative expression levels.Have
Relative expression levels are closed, referring to one column of nerve sequence in table 15；
Xvi) the trophectoderm marker relative expression levels of listed trophectoderm marker as shown in table 15.
Related relative expression levels, referring to one column of trophectoderm sequence in table 15；
Xvii) one or more (2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,
22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29 or 30 kind) such as multipotency marker, mesodermal marker, the entoderm stated in table 15
Any relative expression levels of marker, neural markers object and/or trophectoderm marker；
Xviii) the relative expression levels for each marker stated in table 15；
Xix) any combination for the feature stated in xii-xiix；And/or
Xx) any combination for the feature stated in i-xiix.
(i) there is the ability for generating F0 rat；
(j) secondary culture and undifferentiated state can be maintained；
(k) there is chromosome quantitative identical with normal rat cell；
(l) versatility is maintained in vitro, is not necessarily to paracrine LIF signal transduction；And/or
(m) there is self refresh ability, it is meant that its unlimited division, while maintaining versatility.
Iii. expression cassette
Term " polynucleotides ", " polynucleotide sequence ", " nucleic acid sequence " and " nucleic acid fragment " is interchangeable herein to be made
With.These terms cover nucleotide sequence etc..Polynucleotides can be the polymer of single-stranded or double-stranded RNA or DNA, wherein optionally
Contain the nucleotide base of synthesis, non-natural or change in ground.It may include cDNA, base in the polynucleotides of DNA polymer form
Because of one or more sections of or mixtures thereof a group DNA, synthetic DNA.Polynucleotides may include deoxyribonucleotide and core
Ribotide, including naturally occurring molecule and synthetic analogues and these any combination.Polynucleotides provided in this article
The sequence of form of ownership is also covered, including but not limited to, single stranded form, double-stranded form, hair clip, stem-loop structure etc..
Additionally provide recombination of polynucleotide.Term " recombination of polynucleotide " and " recombinant dna construct " herein can be mutual
Change use.Recombinant precursor includes not found regulation sequence in the artificial combination or Heterologous combinations, such as nature of nucleic acid sequence
Column and coded sequence.In other embodiments, recombinant precursor may include regulating and controlling sequence and volume from separate sources
Code sequence, or from identical source but the regulating and controlling sequence and coded sequence arranged in a manner of being different from seen in nature.This
Class construct can independently using or can be used together in conjunction with carrier.If the selection of carrier is depended on using carrier
In the method well known to the skilled person for converting host cell.For example, plasmid vector can be used.At
Function conversion, selection and propagation host cell needed for and include any isolated nucleic acid fragment provided in this article gene member
Part.Screening can be analyzed by the Southern for DNA, analyze for the Northern that mRNA is expressed, be directed to protein table
Immunoblotting assay or phenotypic analysis for reaching etc. are realized.
In a particular embodiment, one or more components described herein can be provided in be used in expression cassette
It is expressed in rat cell.Expression cassette may include 5' and 3' the regulation sequence for being operably connected to polynucleotides provided in this article
Column." being operably connected " is meant to the functional connection between two or more elements.For example, multicore of interest
Being operatively connected between thuja acid and regulating and controlling sequence (that is, promoter) is that the functionality for allowing polynucleotides of interest to express connects
It connects.The element being operably connected can be continuous or discontinuous.It is operably connected to work as and is used to refer to two protein codings
When the engagement in area, these code areas are meant in same reading frame.In another situation, the nucleic acid sequence of coding protein can
To be operably connected to regulating and controlling sequence (such as promoter, enhancer, silencer sequence etc.), to keep transcription appropriate to adjust
Control.In addition expression cassette can be introduced into the other polynucleotides of interest in rat ES cells altogether containing at least one.Alternatively,
Other polynucleotides of interest can be provided on multiple expression cassettes.Such expression cassette have multiple restriction sites and/
Or recombination site is to be inserted into the recombination of polynucleotide of the transcriptional control in modulated area.In addition the expression cassette can contain selected marker
Object gene.
Expression cassette can include working on the direction 5'-3' in mammalian cell or host cell of interest
Transcription, transcription and translation sintering (that is, promoter), recombination of polynucleotide provided herein and transcription and translation terminator
(that is, terminator).These control regions (that is, promoter, transcription regulatory region and end of translation) and/or multicore glycosides provided herein
Acid can be natural/similar for host cell or relative to each other.Alternatively, control region and/or multicore provided herein
Thuja acid can be heterologous for host cell or relative to each other.For example, it is operably connected to heterologous polynucleotide
Promoter be from the species different from the species for obtaining the polynucleotides, or if come from identical/similar species,
It is one of or two kinds are substantially modified or the promoter is for can relative to its primitive form and/or genomic locus
It is not natural promoter for the polynucleotides being operatively connected.Alternatively, control region and/or recombination multicore glycosides provided herein
What acid can be entirely synthetic.
Terminator and transcription initiation region can be natural, can be with the recombination of polynucleotide being operably connected naturally
, it can be natural with host cell, or can be relative to promoter, recombination of polynucleotide, host cell or its any group
It closes and is derived from another source (that is, external or heterologous).
When preparing expression cassette, various DNA fragmentations can be operated, to provide in the DNA sequence dna being suitably oriented.For this purpose, can
To engage DNA fragmentation using aptamer or connexon, or can be related to it is other operation come provide convenient restriction site,
Remove extra DNA, removal restriction site etc..For this purpose, mutagenesis in vitro, primer reparation, restriction enzyme be may relate to
Cut, anneal, replacing again (such as conversion and transversion).
A variety of promoters can be used in expression cassette provided in this article.These promoters can be based on desired knot
Fruit is selected.It should be understood that adjusting the expression timing of polynucleotides of interest, position using different promoters in expression cassette
And/or it is horizontal, different application can be promoted.When necessary, these expression constructs can also containing promoter regulation area (for example,
Assign inductivity, composition, environment conditioning or developmental regulation or cell or tissue specificity/selective expression region),
Initiation site, ribosome bind site, RNA processing signal, translational termination site and/or the Polyadenylation letter of transcription initiation
Number.
Iv. the F0 rat embryo with targeting genetic modification and F1 filial generation are generated
Various method and compositions provided in this article may be used to generate the rat of genetic modification.Such method is general
Genetic modification will be targeted by, which including (a), is incorporated herein in the genome of disclosed isolated rat ES cells, is lost with being formed to have
Pass the rat ES cells of modification；(b) rat ES cells of at least one genetic modification with genetic modification are implanted into rat place
To generate F0 embryo in main embryo；It (c) will be in F0 embryo implantation foster mothers；(d) F0 embryo is bred in foster mothers
It is mature；And (e) identify the F0 rat with genetic modification.
The rat ES cells of genetic modification with genetic modification can be implanted into from identical rat strains or from not
With in the rat Host embryos of rat strains.For example, the DA rat ES cells of genetic modification can be implanted into DA rat place
In main embryo, or it can be implanted into SD Host embryos, ACI Host embryos or other xenogenesis rat Host embryos.It is similar
The ACI rat ES cell of genetic modification can be implanted into ACI rat Host embryos, or can be implanted into SD host by ground
In embryo, DA Host embryos or other xenogenesis rat Host embryos.Equally, foster mothers can come from the rat with genetic modification
Cell and/or the identical rat strains of rat Host embryos or foster mothers can come from the rat cell with genetic modification
And/or the rat strains that rat Host embryos are different.In one non-limiting embodiment, the rat cell of genetic modification is
From DA strain, host rats embryo is to come from SD Host embryos, and foster mothers are from DA strain.Another unrestricted
Property embodiment in, the rat cell of genetic modification is from ACI strain, and host rats embryo is from SD strain, and generation
Pregnant parent is from DA strain.
In other embodiments again, chimeric rat (F0) breeding can be made to be for targeting genetic modification to generate
The F1 filial generation of heterozygosis.Furthermore, it is possible to breed the male rat of F1 filial generation together with the female rats of F1 filial generation with obtain for
It is homozygous F2 filial generation for genetic modification.
Method provided herein and composition allow at least 1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%,
35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75% or greater percentage the F0F0 with genetic modification
Genetic modification is transmitted to F1 filial generation by rat.
In some embodiments, will there are the rat ES cells of targeting genetic modification to introduce before corresponding organism
In morula embryos, such as 8 cell stage mice embryonics.See, for example, US 7,576,259, US 7,659,442, US 7,
294,754 and US 2008-0078000 A1, is all incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.In other embodiments, donor
Rat ES cells can be in the Host embryos that 4 cell stages are implanted into 8 cell stages.
It is incubated for the rat embryo of the rat ES cells comprising genetic modification, until blastula stage, is then implanted into replace-conceive mother
To generate F0 in body.The rat of genomic locus with genetic modification can be via equipotential genetic modification described herein
(modification of allele, MOA) analytic approach identifies.Make the F0 Dai Yuye obtained by the rat ES cells of genetic modification
Raw type rat hybridization is to obtain F1 offspring.After carrying out Genotyping with specific primer and/or probe, make for genetic modification
Genomic locus for be that homozygous F1 rat hybridizes each other to generate for the genomic locus of genetic modification
It is homozygous rat.
It is additionally provided with a kind of F0 rat embryo comprising inner cell mass, which has at least one heterologous dry thin
Born of the same parents and include any rat ES cells provided in this article.In other embodiments, the filial generation of rat F0 embryo is provided,
Wherein at least 50%, 60%, 70% or the F0 filial generation of greater percentage be derived from the big of genetic modification as disclosed herein
Mouse ES cell.
In one aspect, a kind of method for generating rat ES cells is provided, this method includes big from morula stage
The rat embryo of mouse embryo, blastula stage rat embryo or the stage of development between morula embryos and blastula embryo obtain
To rat cell, and the rat cell from rat embryo is cultivated under conditions of being enough to maintain versatility and/or totipotency.?
In one embodiment, it is sufficient to which maintaining the condition of versatility and/or totipotency includes 2i culture medium.
In one aspect, a kind of method for generating the rat of genetic modification is provided, method includes the following steps:
The rat ES cells of modification are formed with nucleic acid sequence modification rat ES cells genome of interest, and using the big of the modification
Mouse ES cell is combined as donor rat ES cell, by the rat contributing ES cells with rat Host embryos, cultivates donor ES
Cell and rat Host embryos, and using the rat for generating genetic modification by the Host embryos cultivated.
In one aspect, provide a kind of method for generating the rat F1 filial generation of genetic modification, this method include with
Lower step: with nucleic acid sequence modification rat ES cells genome of interest to form the rat ES cells of modification, and using should
The rat ES cells of modification are combined as donor rat ES cell, by the rat contributing ES cells with rat Host embryos, culture
The contributing ES cells and rat Host embryos, and using the rat for generating genetic modification by the Host embryos cultivated, wherein
The filial generation has about 3%, about 10% or more, or about 63% or donor rat ES of the greater percentage from the genetic modification thin
Born of the same parents.
In one embodiment, the Host embryos by culture are implanted into replace-conceive rat parent, and made by training
Feeding Host embryos are bred in foster mothers.
In one aspect, it provides and a kind of genetic modification is transmitted to Offspring rats from rat pluripotent cells with high-frequency
Method, this method include carrying out heredity to multipotency rat cell with the nucleic acid sequence of interest on bacterial artificial chromosome to repair
Decorations, to form the rat pluripotent cells of genetic modification, and rat pluripotent cells and rat Host embryos using the genetic modification
The filial generation comprising genetic modification is generated in rat foster mothers, and optionally breeds the filial generation.
In one aspect, a kind of method for generating rat ES cells is provided, wherein this method includes 8 will freezed
Cell stage Embryo Culture obtains rat cell to blastula stage, and from the blastaea by culture, be enough to maintain versatility and/or
Rat cell is cultivated under conditions of totipotency.
V. variant, segment and sequence identity
There is provided herein the active variants and segment of disclosed LIF polypeptide, especially mouse LIF polypeptide." variant " is
Refer to substantially similar sequence.As used herein, " variant polypeptide " is intended to refer to by native protein by (so-called section of missing
It is short) N-terminal of native protein and/or one or more amino acid of C-terminal；In one or more of native protein
One or more amino acid are deleted and/or added in position point；Or one or more sites in native protein replace one
Or polypeptide obtained from multiple amino acid.Variant polypeptide still has the desired bioactivity of natural polypeptides, that is to say, that this
A little polypeptides inhibit the differentiation of rat and/or mouse embryo stem cell and promote stem cell self refresh.It is more as disclosed herein
The variant of peptide (that is, SEQ ID NO:1 or SwissProt accession number P09056) will typically have at least about with reference sequences
65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, 98%, 99% or
The sequence identity of greater percentage.
Term " segment " refers to a part of amino acid of the continuous amino acid comprising specified quantity.In specific embodiment
In, the segment of polypeptide disclosed herein can keep the bioactivity of full-length polypeptide and therefore inhibit rat and/or Development of Mouse Embryos
The differentiation of tire stem cell simultaneously promotes stem cell self refresh.Polypeptide sequence disclosed herein (that is, SEQ ID NO:1 or
SwissProt accession number P09056) segment may include at least 10,15,25,30,50,60,70,80,90,100,110,
120,130,140,150,160,170,180,190,200, or the company of the at most sum of amino acid present in full length protein
Continuous amino acid.
As used herein, in the case where two polynucleotides or polypeptide sequence, " sequence identity " or " identity "
Mention when being compared for the maximum correspondence in specified comparison window identical residue in two sequences.Work as conjugated protein
When using Percentage of sequence identity, it is recognized that different resi-dues usually difference due to conserved amino acid replaces,
There are middle amino acid residue other amino acid residues of similar chemical characteristic (such as charge or hydrophobicity) to replace, and therefore not
Change the functional characteristic of molecule.When sequence is because conservative substitution is without simultaneously, Percentage of sequence identity can be adjusted upward with needle
Substituted conservative is corrected.Because of such conservative substitution, different sequences is considered to have " sequence similarity " or " phase
Like property ".Mode for making this adjustment is well known to the skilled person.Typically, this is related to guard and take
In generation, scores as partial rather than complete mispairing, thus increases Percentage of sequence identity.Thus, for example, identical providing
When the scoring of amino acid is 1 and to provide the scoring of non-conservative substitutions be zero, the scoring of conservative substitution is provided between zero and 1.
For example, it such as executes, calculates in program PC/GENE (Intelligenetics, Mountain View, California)
The scoring of conservative substitution.
As used herein, " Percentage of sequence identity " be meant to by comparing in comparison window two it is optimally aligned
The value that sequence is measured, wherein for two optimally aligned sequences, part of the polynucleotide sequence in comparison window is compared
It may include addition or missing (that is, vacancy) in reference sequences (not including addition or missing).The percentage is by with lower section
Formula calculates: there are identical nucleic acid bases or the number of the position of amino acid residue in two sequences of measurement to obtain matching position
Result with the number of matching position divided by the total number of positions in comparison window, and is obtained sequence identity hundred multiplied by 100 by number
Divide ratio.
Unless otherwise designated, otherwise sequence identity/similarity provided in this article refers to using the 10th edition GAP, makes
With the value of following gain of parameter: the identity % and similitude % of nucleotide sequence use GAP weight 50 and Length Weight 3, with
And nwsgapdna.cmp rating matrix；The identity % and similitude % of amino acid sequence use GAP weight 8 and Length Weight
2 and BLOSUM62 rating matrix；Or its any equivalent programs." equivalent programs " are meant to for any two correlated series,
When with generated by the 10th edition GAP accordingly compare compared with when, generating has identical nucleotide or amino acid residue matches
Compare any sequence comparison program with identical Percentage of sequence identity.
Following embodiment is for purpose of explanation rather than limitation purpose provides.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: rat ES cells derivatization
RESC characterizes that is as shown in fig. 1, and rESC is grown to fine and close spherical colony, these colonies be routinely detached from and
(close-up view, Fig. 4) is floated in culture dish.B, C, F, G:rESC express multipotency marker, including Oct-4 (Fig. 2A) and Sox2
(Fig. 2 B), and express high-caliber alkaline phosphatase (Fig. 3, left figure).The caryogram of cell line DA.2B is 42X, Y (Fig. 3, the right side
Figure).RESC usually becomes tetraploid；Therefore, pre-sifted is carried out to cell line by being counted to mid-term Chromosome spread degree
Then choosing formally carries out karyotyping to the cell line substantially normally counted.
ACI blastaea is collected from commercially available superovulated female；By commercially available 8 cell stage culture DA embryo of freezing
Cell.Oolemma is removed with acid Tai Shi solution, and blastocyte is applied and is taped against on the MEF of mitosis inactivation.Pick outgrowth
And it is expanded using standard method.All blastocytes all use 2i culture medium to apply paving, culture and amplification (Li et al. people (2008)
Germline competent embryonic stem cells derived from rat blastocysts,Cell
135:1299-1310；It is herein incorporated by reference).
Embodiment 2: rat generates
It is injected by blastaea and rESC genome is transmitted by system genitale to generate chimeric rat.Use parent
ACI.G1rESC is shown in Figure 5 by the chimera that blastaea microinjection generates.It is embedding by the ACI/SD for being designated as asterisk (*) in Fig. 5
The F1 Slate grey cub of fit reproduction and the brood newborn animal of albefaction are shown in Figure 6.
The system genitale transmitting of parent rESC is by commenting three euploid rESC system's microinjections into albefaction SD blastaea
Valence versatility.Chimera is identified by Slate grey hair color, shows the contribution of rESC.It is most of chimeric for each cell line
RESC genome is passed to F1 offspring (table 4) by body.
Embodiment 3:rESC targeting: 26 locus of rat Rosa
Identical with mouse, rRosa26 locus has identical spacing between Setd5 and Thumpd3 gene.rRosa
26 locus (Fig. 7 schemes B) are different from 26 locus of mRosa (Fig. 7 schemes A).MRosa26 transcript is by 2 or 3 exon groups
At.The rat gene seat also contains the 2nd exons 1 (Ex1b) in addition to the exon (Ex1a) homologous with mouse exons 1.
The 3rd exon is not identified in rats.The targeting of rRosa26 allele is depicted in Fig. 7 (base map C), wherein 5kb
Homology arm uses the genomic dna cloning from DA rESC each by PCR.The allele being targeted contains replacement
The SA-lacZ-hUb-neo box of 117bp missing in rRosa26 introne.
Measure the targeting efficiency (table 5) at 26 locus of rRosa.Using standard technique, by the carrier of linearisation through electricity
Perforation is injected in DA or ACI rESC, and the colony of transfection is cultivated in 2i culture medium+G418.It picks individual colonies and uses
(Valenzuela, D. et al. (2003) High- is screened in position gene delection (Loss of Allele, LOA) measurement
throughput engineering of the mouse genome coupled with high-resolution
Expression analysis, Nature Biotech.21:652-660, is herein incorporated by reference).
The targeting rRosa26 that chimera generates and system genitale transmitting will be redefined is carried out using targeting Rosa26 rESC
Microinjection is cloned into SD blastaea, is then transferred into the female DS acceptor of false pregnancy using standard technique.Pass through hair
Color identifies chimera；Male F0 chimera is bred together with SD female.For targeting Rosa26 allele presence to reproduction
It is that (Slate grey) F1 cub carries out Genotyping；Have in 22 Slate grey cubs nine by Genotyping be in Rosa26 locus
Place is heterozygosis (table 6).
Embodiment 3: the derivatization of Embryonic Stem Cell
Super stimulation protocols, rat
0th day: injection pregnant mare serum: IP, 20U (0.4ml).
1st day: without operation
2nd day: (after 46 hours): injection hCG, IP, 50U (1ml)
Set single female spouse.
3rd day: checking negative bolt (plug).Negative bolt is put on to female.This is the 0.5th day.
6th day (e3.5): female being implemented to be euthanized and rinses embryo.
ES cell-derivedization scheme (super ovulation)
0th day:
1) CO is used2Female rats are implemented to be euthanized.
2) abdomen is swabbed with 70% ethyl alcohol；Veutro body wall is opened using scissors, exposes internal organ.
3) solution cuts fallopian tubal and cornua uteri, and puts it into the tissue culture dishes of the N2B27 culture medium containing heating.
Blood is washed out as much as possible, and is transferred in new culture dish with N2B27.
4) 1ml syringe and blunt nosed 27g needle are used, with culture medium be flushed through cornua uteri and fallopian tubal with by blastaea by entering
In culture medium.
5) with mouth suction pipe collect blastaea and be transferred into containing KSOM+2i (1 μM of PD0325901,3 μM
CHIR99021 in Embryo Culture ware).KSOM is the culture medium produced by Millipore.Catalog number (Cat.No.) is MR-106-D.
6) at 37 DEG C, 7.5%CO2Lower overnight incubation.
ES cell-derivedization scheme (frozen embryo)
0th day:
1) (commercially available) defrosting of 8 cell stages of freezing is put into M2 culture medium.It cultivates 10 minutes at room temperature.
2) simultaneously overnight incubation is transferred in KSOM+2i.
ES cell-derivedization scheme (two kinds of embryos are identical)
1st day:
1) by the embryo transfer of cavitation into 2i culture medium and overnight incubation.
2) continue to cultivate the embryo of non-cavitation in KSOM+2i
2nd day:
1) by all remaining embryo transfers into 2i culture medium (whether is it being cavitation).
2) overnight incubation；Continue to cultivate previous embryo in 2i culture medium.
3rd day:
1) embryo is shifted with acidity Tai Shi solution, is kept for 30-60 seconds, to remove oolemma.
2) embryo 3 times are washed in 2i culture medium to remove acidity Tai Shi solution.
3) each embryo is deposited in (the mice embryonic containing mitosis inactivation in the separate wells of 96 holes raising plate
Fibroblast (MEF) single layer).
4) overnight incubation in 2i culture medium.
The 4-5 days:
1) monitoring applies the presence of outgrowth (undifferentiated amorphous cell group) in the embryo of paving.When outgrowth reaches painting paving
When the about twice size of embryo, it is dizzy to prepare transforming growth.
2) every day: used culture medium is removed with micropipette and is replaced with fresh 2i culture medium.
3) outgrowth is transferred in new raising hole:
A. used culture medium is removed and with PBS gently washing hole.
B. it removes PBS and adds 0.05% trypsase of 30 μ l；It is incubated for 10 minutes.
C. stop trypsase reaction by 30 μ l 2i+10%FBS of addition.
D. with micropipette gently dissociated cell, and whole contents in hole are transferred in 24 holes raising plate
In new bore.This is 1st generation (P1).
E. the overnight incubation in 2i culture medium.
The 5-8 days: (speed that selection of time depends on the amplification of each cell line)
1) culture medium (2i culture medium) is replaced daily and monitors the presence with the colony of ESC form.
2) when there is colony, continue to cultivate, converge until colony is expanded to about 50%.
3) it as previously, colony trypsin treatment and passes on；Painting is laid on trophoderm, every in 6 hole culture dishes
1 hole of a cell line.This is 2nd generation (P2).
Continue:
1) continue to feed and monitor each cell line, until about 50% converges.
2) trypsin treatment cell is used as usual.
3) stop trypsase with 2i+10%FBS；By centrifugation (5 ', 1200rpm, Beckman-Coulter it is desk-top from
Scheming) make cell precipitation.
4) it aspirates supernatant and cell is gently suspended in 400 μ l freezing culture medium (70%2i, 20%FBS, 10%
DMSO in).
5) cell is divided into 2 bottles and is freezed at -80 DEG C.This was the 3rd generation (P3).
6) for long term storage, bottle is transferred in liquid nitrogen and is stored.
As the following table 7 prepares 2i culture medium.
Material: pregnant mare serum gonadotrop(h)in (PMSG) (PMSG)
People's pregnant urine human chorionic gonadtropin (HCG)
Female rats (5-12 week old)
Male rat (12 weeks to 8 months big), one, every cage
Syringe/needle
In the animal housing that 6:00-18:00 turns on light
Program:
1st day: 8:00-10:00AM
20IU PMSG (0.4ml) is injected to female, IP
Abandon not used PMSG.
3rd day: 8:00-10:00AM (48 hours after PMSG injection)
50IU HCG (1ml) is injected to female, IP
In mating cage, every male is put into a female.
Abandon not used HCG.
4th day: 8:00-10:00AM (24 hours after HCG injection)
Check the negative bolt of female.
Hormone supplier
PMSG:Sigma#G-4877 (1000IU).It is resuspended in the ultimate density [] for reaching 50IU/ml in PBS.With 1ml
Aliquot stores at -20 DEG C.
HCG:Sigma#CG-5 (5000IU).It is resuspended in the ultimate density [] for reaching 50IU/ml in PBS.With 1ml equal part
Sample stores at -20 DEG C.
Embodiment 4: the karyotyping of Embryonic Stem Cell system
Karyotyping is carried out to the rat ES cells system generated herein, and result is summarized in table 8-11.
Table 8
Table 9
Table 10
Table 11
Embodiment 5: it is put into carrier is electroporated in Embryonic Stem Cell
1. passing on rat ES cells 24-48 hours before electroporation.
2. culture medium is replaced with RVG2i+ROCKi (10 μM of Y-27632) 24 hours before electroporation
3. replacing culture medium 30 minutes before trypsin treatment.
4. the DNA to electroporation is divided into several parts.
5. heating DNA at room temperature, kept for > 10 minutes.
6. DNA is heated 5 minutes at 62 DEG C.DNA is put on ice.
7. using trypsin treatment cell:
A. the colony of floating is collected.Plate is washed to collect floating material as much as possible.
B. precipitate colony: 3 minutes at 750rpm.
C. precipitating is washed 1 time with the PBS of 5-10ml, and be centrifuged/precipitate again
D. supernatant is aspirated；Add 500 λ trypsase, 0.05%+1% chicken serum.
I. every manifold collection is no more than 1 colony in 10cm plate.If during trypsin treatment, excessive colony heap
Product is in the bottom of pipe, then it can agglomerate and will lose most cells.
DEG C e.37 4 minutes at.Colony is drawn several times so that agglomeration is minimum.
F. it repeats at 1-2 times: 37 DEG C of step 4 minutes.
G. stop trypsase with 500 λ RVG2i+10%FBS.
8. making cell precipitation: 5 minutes at 1200rpm.
9. cell is resuspended in 10ml PBS.Two part of 20 λ aliquot is counted to determine total cell quantity.
10. making cell precipitation (5 minutes/1200rpm)；The total volume of total cell quantity and settling flux liquid is calculated to obtain just
True cell concentration (the μ l EP of destination number #/75 buffer).
11. being resuspended in the EP buffer of minimum volume；Measurement total volume is simultaneously adjusted to target volume with EP buffer.
Electroporation buffer is sold by Millipore.Catalog number (Cat.No.) is ES-003-D.Referring to Valenzuela et al. (2003) Nature
Biotechnology 21:652-659, is herein incorporated by reference.
12. 75 λ cells are added in 50 λ DNA；125 λ cells/DNA solution is transferred to 48 hole microwell plate of BTX
(cuvette) in a hole.
A. 125 λ EP buffers are inserted in the emptying aperture of same row.
13. making microwell plate pulsation primary in BTX electric converter:
A. it is arranged: 400V；Ω；100 μ F (setting can change)
14. microwell plate is put on ice, kept for 15 minutes, so that it restores.
15. cell is moved on in 5ml RVG2i+10 μM ROCKi.
16. adding 20ml RVG2i+10 μM ROCKi into 15cm plate.Plate has 2x neoR MEF (or other MEF, root
Depending on plan).NeoR selected marker object is neomycin phosphotransferase (neo) gene, referring to Beck et al. (1982)
Gene, 19:327-36 or United States Patent (USP) No.7,205,148 or 6,596,541, in being incorporated herein by reference.
17. being incubated at 37 DEG C.Start to select after 48 hours.
ROCK inhibitor used is Y-27632.
Embodiment 6: the targeting genetic modification in selection Embryonic Stem Cell
1. passing on cell 24-48 hours before electroporation.
2. culture medium is replaced with RVG2i+ROCKi (10 μM of Y-27632) 24 hours before electroporation
3. replacing culture medium 30 minutes before trypsin treatment.
4. the DNA to electroporation is divided into several parts.
5. heating DNA at room temperature, kept for > 10 minutes.
6. DNA is heated 5 minutes at 62 DEG C.DNA is put on ice.
7. using trypsin treatment cell:
H. the colony of floating is collected.Plate is washed to collect floating material as much as possible.
I. precipitate colony: 3 minutes at 750rpm.
J. precipitating is washed 1 time with the PBS of 5-10ml, and be centrifuged/precipitate again
K. supernatant is aspirated；Add 500 λ trypsase 0.05%+1% chicken serums.
I. every manifold collection is no more than 1 colony in 10cm plate.If during trypsin treatment, excessive colony heap
Product is in the bottom of pipe, then it can agglomerate and will lose most cells.
DEG C l.37 4 minutes at.Colony is drawn several times so that agglomeration is minimum.
M. it repeats at 1-2 times: 37 DEG C 4 minutes.
N. stop trypsase with 500 λ RVG2i+10%FBS.
8. making cell precipitation: 5 minutes at 1200rpm.
9. cell is resuspended in 10ml PBS.Two part of 20 λ aliquot is counted to determine total cell quantity.
10. making cell precipitation (5 minutes/1200rpm)；The total volume of total cell quantity and total settling flux liquid is calculated to obtain
Correct cell concentration (the μ l EP of destination number #/75 buffer).
11. being resuspended in the EP buffer of minimum volume；Measurement total volume is simultaneously adjusted to target volume with EP buffer.
12. 75 λ cells are added in 50 λ DNA；125 λ cells/DNA solution is transferred to the one of 48 hole microwell plate of BTX
In a hole.
A. 125 λ EP buffers are inserted in the emptying aperture of same row.
13. making microwell plate pulsation primary in BTX electric converter:
A. it is arranged: 400V；400V；Ω；100 μ F (setting can change)
14. microwell plate is put on ice, kept for 15 minutes, so that it restores.
15. cell is moved on in 5ml RVG2i+10 μM ROCKi.
16. adding 20ml RVG2i+10 μM ROCKi into 15cm plate.Plate has 2x neoR MEF (or other MEF, root
Depending on plan).
17. being incubated at 37 DEG C.Start to select after 48 hours.
18.G418 selection scheme is as follows:
A. the 2nd day (the 2nd day after EP): the incubated cell in+75 μ g/ml G418 of 2i culture medium.
B. the 3rd day: the incubated cell in the 2i culture medium without G418
C. the 4th day: the incubated cell in+75 μ g/ml G418 of 2i culture medium.
D. the 5th day: the incubated cell in the 2i culture medium without G418
E. the 6th day: the incubated cell in+75 μ g/ml G418 of 2i culture medium.
F. the 7th day: the incubated cell in the 2i culture medium without G418
G. the 8th day: the incubated cell in+75 μ g/ml G418 of 2i culture medium.
H. the 9th day: the incubated cell in the 2i culture medium without G418
I. the 10th day: the incubated cell in+75 μ g/ml G418 of 2i culture medium.
J. the 11st day: the incubated cell in the 2i culture medium without G418
K. the 12nd day: picking colony to expand for screening.Each collection is fallen in+1% chicken serum of 0.05% trypsase
Then dissociation 10 minutes is applied and is laid in 1 hole of 96 holes raising plate.
19. falling in collection in 2i culture medium to expand 3 days.
20. making to clone 1:1 passage into new 96 holes raising plate.
It is expanded 3 days 21. making to be cloned in 2i culture medium.
22. dissociating colony in trypsase for each clone.It freezes the 2/3 of each clone and is stored up at -80 DEG C
It deposits；Residue 1/3 is applied and is laid on laminin plate (96 orifice plates for being coated with 10 μ g/ml laminins).
23. being sent to the Genotyping cloned in screening experiment room when laminin plate converges.
The characterization of molecules of 7. Embryonic Stem Cell of embodiment
Expression table than corresponding gene in ES cells of the listed gene in rat ES cells in table 13
It is 20 times high up to level.Expression of the listed gene in rat ES cells is than corresponding gene in ES cells in table 12
Expression it is 20 times low.
The microarray data generated in table 12 and table 13 is as follows.In 2i culture medium cultivate rat ES cells (ACI.G2 and
DA.2B) and ES cells (F1H4) are up to 3 generations, until converging.In the case where feeder layer is not present, in the plate for being coated with gelatin
Upper culture F1H4 cell.F1H4 ES cells are derived from 129S6/SvEvTac and C57BL/6NTac heterozygosis embryo (referring to example
Such as, United States Patent (USP) No.7,294,754 and Poueymirou, W.T., Auerbach, W., Frendewey, D., Hickey,
J.F.,Escaravage,J.M.,Esau,L.,Dore,A.T.,Stevens,S.,Adams,N.C.,Dominguez,M.G.,
Gale, N.W., Yancopoulos, G.D., DeChiara, T.M., Valenzuela, D.M. (2007), it is whole simultaneously by reference
Enter herein).
Sample is prepared using following scheme:
Material includes TRIzol Reagentp；RNA lysis buffer (Zymo Kit)；And the Ai Benduofu pipe of 1.5mL
(Eppendorf tube)。
The Ai Benduofu pipe of 1.5mL indicates sample ID.The cell onboard grown is rinsed in 37 DEG C of PBS.Remove PBS
And add the Trizol of 300ul.Cell is ruptured in Trizol using scraper.In the Ai Benduofu pipe of 1.5mL, it will crack
Cell collect in Trizol.For the cell grown on suspension, cell is rinsed in 37 DEG C of PBS.Cell is received
Collection carries out of short duration centrifugation in the pipe of 1.5mL, to cell, removes PBS and adds the Trizol of 300ul.Back and forth suction of cells with
Make cell rupture.Sub-elect 10 in sample1To 105A cell is used for FACS, and volume concentration is arrived 100uL.Add 4 bodies
Long-pending RNA lysis buffer is simultaneously mixed by suction.For sample, 320uL RNA lysis buffer is added to 80uL
In sample.The stored sample at -20 DEG C.
Use the expression of RNA-Seq measurement murine genes and rat gene.Sequencing reading is positioned using Tophat
Genome is referred to mouse and rat, and the RPKM for calculating mouse and rat gene (determines segment/kilobase exon/1,000,000
The segment of position).Homologous gene is selected based on gene symbol, the gene expression dose for comparing mouse and rat is then examined using t.
MiR-632 is in rat ESC first 10 most highly expressed, but it is not expressed in ES cells.Therefore, right
In these genes, without comparable data.Based on compared with other genes expression and its in embryonic development
Known function, use the expression of miR-632 as the marker of rat ES cells.
Expression water of expression of the gene listed by table 12. in rat ES cells than corresponding gene in ES cells
Put down low 20 times.
Expression water of expression of the gene listed by table 13. in rat ES cells than corresponding gene in ES cells
It puts down 20 times high.
Table 14. is at 20 times higher than expression of the corresponding gene in ES cells of expression of rat ES cells
A small group gene in table 13
Also the other characterization of molecules of multipotency marker/gene using rat ES cells has been developed.Table 15 provides
It gene inventory and its is sorted by the expression that RNA spectral data obtains.MRNA be from rat ES cells separation and will be various
The expression of multipotency marker is compared to each other.Listed " multipotency gene " be other groups used (mainly in mouse,
But the also in rats) gene as the marker of ES cell.Mesoderm, entoderm and nerve are to define in a similar manner." row
Sequence " is for expression in an experiment: before sequence more (the 1st highest), then expression is higher.For example, Oct4 arranges
13 it is meant that in addition to 12 genes, expression is higher in all genes measured.Sheet in this experiment
Bottom is less than 30 any expression value；The expression value of 6107 genes is 30 or higher.
Table 15. is using multipotency, mesoderm, entoderm, nerve and nutrition ectoderm marker/gene rat ES cells point
Subcharacter
The all publications and patents application mentioned in this specification is all instruction those skilled in the art of the invention
It is horizontal.All publications and patents application is all herein incorporated by reference, and the degree of reference goes out individually just as by each
Version object or patent application are specific and be individually herein incorporated by reference general.Unless in addition above and below any embodiment
Text is it is clear that otherwise aspect of the invention, step or feature can be applied in combination with any other aspect, step or feature.
The range mentioned includes any integer in the range, any subrange within the scope of this.Mentioning multiple ranges includes these
The combination of range.
Claims (60)
1. a kind of in vitro culture, it includes:
(a) feeder layer, the feeder layer are not modified to expression LIF ELISA (LIF)；
(b) culture medium, the culture medium include the LIF of 50U/mL to 150U/mL and are made of mek inhibitor and GSK3 inhibitor
Inhibitor combination, wherein the culture medium do not include ESRF；And
(c) rat embryo does (ES) cell mass, wherein the rat ES cells:
(i) it is modified so that comprising targeting genetic modification, the targeting genetic modification includes in the genome of the rat ES cells
At least one insertion of heterologous polynucleotide, and the targeting genetic modification can be transmitted by system genitale；
(ii) lack the expression of c-Myc；
(iii) there is normal caryogram；
(iv) colony that is spherical, freely floating is formed in culture.
2. in vitro culture as described in claim 1, wherein the rat ES cells are derived from ACI rat or Dark
Agouti (DA) rat.
3. in vitro culture as described in claim 1, wherein the rat ES cells can a wheel or more wheel electroporations it
Afterwards, the targeting genetic modification is transmitted in filial generation.
4. in vitro culture as claimed in claim 2, wherein the rat ES cells can a wheel or more wheel electroporations it
Afterwards, the targeting genetic modification is transmitted in filial generation.
5. such as in vitro culture of any of claims 1-4, wherein the targeting genetic modification includes missing, strikes
It removes, knock in, point mutation or combinations thereof.
6. such as in vitro culture of any of claims 1-4, wherein the rat ES cells include two or more
A targeting genetic modification and the rat ES cells can be transmitted the two or more targeting heredity by system genitale and repaired
Decorations.
7. such as in vitro culture of any of claims 1-4, wherein the heterologous polynucleotide includes selected marker,
The selectable marker has one or more following characteristics:
(a) selectable marker includes the unattenuated selectable marker gene for being operably connected to promoter；
(b) selectable marker has increased activity compared to wild type selectable marker；With
(c) rat ES cells include the selectable marker that stable integration enters multiple copies in genome.
8. such as in vitro culture of any of claims 1-4, wherein the rat ES cells are male (XY) rats
ES cell.
9. such as in vitro culture of any of claims 1-4, wherein the rat ES cells are female (XX) rats
ES cell.
10. such as in vitro culture of any of claims 1-4, wherein the rat ES cells can be in the culture
It is passed in base up at least 11 times, without reducing targeting efficiency or life of the targeting genetic modification in the rat ES cells
Growing is transmission efficiency.
11. such as in vitro culture of any of claims 1-4, wherein the rat ES cells have one or more
Following characteristics:
(a) at least one multipotency marker selected from the following of rat ES cells expression: Dnmt3L, Eras, Err- β,
Fbxo15, Fgf4, Gdf3, Klf4, Lef1, LIF receptor, Lin28, Nanog, Oct4, Sox15, Sox2 and Utf1；
(b) rat ES cells do not express one or more multipotency markers selected from c-Myc, Ecat1 and Rexo1；
(c) rat ES cells do not express one or more mesodermal markers selected from Brachyury and Bmpr2；
(d) rat ES cells do not express one or more endodermal marker objects selected from Gata6, Sox17 and Sox7；
(e) rat ES cells do not express one or more neural markers objects selected from nestin and Pax6；
(f) the one or more multipotency markers of the rat ES cells expression selected from Oct-4, Sox2 and alkaline phosphatase；With
(g) the one or more rat ESC specific genes selected from the group below of rat ES cells expression: it is adhesively joined related egg
White (Ajap1), tight junction protein 5 (Cldn5), Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9 (Arhgef9), calcium/calcium tune egg
White deopendent protein kinase IV (Camk4), ephrins-A1 (Efna1), EPH receptor A4 (Epha4), gap junction protein β 5
(Gjb5), insulin-like growth factor binding protein sample 1 (Igfbpl1), 6 β of interleukin Ⅲ (Il1f8), interleukin 28
Receptor alpha (Il28ra), left and right factor of determination 1 (Lefty1), leukemia inhibitory factor receptor α (Lifr), lpa receptor 2
(Lpar2), neuron pentraxins receptor (Ntm), non-receptor 18 type protein tyrosine phosphatase (Ptpn18), tail type are same
Source frame 2 (Cdx2), type III fibronectin and ankyrin repeat domains 1 (Fank1), plug frame E1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2)
(Foxe1), the crinosity of the primitive containing YRPW/enhancer is broken GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2), plug frame E1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2)
(Foxe1), the crinosity of the primitive containing YRPW/enhancer is broken GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2), lymph sample enhancer binding factor 1
(Lef1), the homologous frame 1 (Satb1) of Sal sample albumen 3 (drosophila) (Sall3), SATB and miR-632.
12. wherein the concentration of LIF is 75U/mL to 125U/mL such as in vitro culture of any of claims 1-4.
13. in vitro culture as claimed in claim 12, wherein the concentration of LIF is 90U/mL to 110U/mL.
14. in vitro culture as described in claim 13, wherein the concentration of LIF is 100U/mL.
15. such as in vitro culture of any of claims 1-4, wherein the LIF be mouse LIF or comprising with SEQ
At least 91% sequence identity of ID NO:1.
16. such as in vitro culture of any of claims 1-4, wherein the feeder layer is lost comprising mitosis
Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) single layer living.
17. such as in vitro culture of any of claims 1-4, wherein the mek inhibitor include PD0325901 simultaneously
And the GSK-3 inhibitor includes CHIR99021.
18. such as in vitro culture of any of claims 1-4, wherein the mek inhibitor be concentration be 0.8 μM extremely
1.2 μM of PD0325901 and the GSK-3 inhibitor are the CHIR99021 that concentration is 2.5 μM to 3.5 μM.
19. such as in vitro culture of any of claims 1-4, wherein the LIF concentration in the culture medium is 100U/
ML, mek inhibitor is the PD0325901 that concentration is 1 μM, and the GSK-3 inhibitor is the CHIR99021 that concentration is 3 μM.
20. such as in vitro culture of any of claims 1-4, wherein the culture medium includes following component: concentration
For the DMEM/F12 basal medium of 1x；Concentration is the Neurobasal culture medium of 1x；The penicillin/streptomycin that concentration is 1%；
Concentration is the L-Glutamine of 4mM；Concentration is the 2 mercapto ethanol of 0.1mM；Concentration is the N2 supplement of 1x；Concentration is 1x's
B27 supplement；Concentration is the LIF of 100U/ml；The PD0325901 that concentration is 1 μM；And the CHIR99021 that concentration is 3 μM.
21. such as in vitro culture of any of claims 1-4, wherein the rat ES cells are derived from rat blastaea
Phase embryo or rat morula embryos.
22. in vitro culture as claimed in claim 21, wherein the rat ES cells group includes undifferentiated amorphous big
The isolated outgrowth of mouse ES cell mass.
23. the method that one kind does (ES) cell line for generating rat embryo, which comprises
(a) first layer feeder cells and morula stage or blastula stage rat embryo, the first layer feeder cells are cultivated in vitro
Not by genetic modification at expression LIF ELISA (LIF),
Wherein the oolemma of the morula stage or blastula stage rat embryo has been removed, and
Wherein condition of culture maintain rat ES cells versatility and include culture medium, the culture medium include 50U/mL extremely
It the LIF of 150U/mL and is combined by the inhibitor that mek inhibitor and GSK3 inhibitor form, wherein the culture medium does not include
ESRF；And
(b) outgrowth of undifferentiated amorphous rat ES cells group is transferred to the in vitro culture comprising second layer feeder cells
In object hole, wherein the second layer feeder cells are not by genetic modification at expression LIF；And
(c) including the LIF with 50U/mL to 150U/mL and the inhibitor group being made of mek inhibitor and GSK3 inhibitor
The outgrowth is cultivated under conditions of the culture medium of conjunction, wherein the culture medium does not include ESRF, and thus maintains the rat
The versatility of ES cell；
(d) rat ES cells are modified so that the targeting genetic modification includes the rat ES thin it includes targeting genetic modification
At least one insertion of heterologous polynucleotide in the genome of born of the same parents, and the rat ES cells:
(i) the targeting genetic modification can be transmitted by system genitale；
(ii) lack the expression of c-Myc；
(iii) there is normal caryogram；
(iv) colony that is spherical, freely floating is formed in culture.
24. method as claimed in claim 23, further comprises:
(e) at least one modified rat ES cells from step (d) are introduced into rat Host embryos to produce
Raw F0 embryo；
It (f) will be in the F0 embryo implantation foster mothers；
(g) breed the F0 embryo in the foster mothers mature；And
(h) the F0 rat with the targeting genetic modification is identified.
25. method as claimed in claim 24, wherein the rat ES cells of the genetic modification come from and the rat host
The identical rat strains of embryo.
26. method as claimed in claim 24, wherein the rat ES cells of the genetic modification come from and the rat host
The different rat strains of embryo.
27. a kind of method for the rat for generating genetic modification, which comprises
(a) the rat ES cells system comprising rat ES cells group is provided, the rat ES cells group with culture medium by being raised
The rat ES cells of culture of isolated on cellular layer and obtain, the feeder layer not by genetic modification at expression LIF, the training
Feeding base includes the LIF of 50U/mL to 150U/mL and is made of mek inhibitor PD0325901 and GSK3 inhibitor C HIR99021
Inhibitor combination, wherein the culture medium does not include ESRF, and the wherein rat ES cells group
Lack the expression of c-Myc；
Colony that is spherical, freely floating is formed in culture；
It is diploid；And
With fecundity；
(b) the rat ES cells colony comprising targeting genetic modification is obtained, wherein described included:
(i) the rat ES cells group is modified, so that the rat ES cells group includes the targeting genetic modification；And
(ii) the rat ES cells colony with the targeting genetic modification is identified in single cloning process；
(c) introduce the rat ES cells colony to rat Host embryos, wherein the rat ES cells colony come from it is described
The different rat strains of rat Host embryos, and；
(d) breed the rat Host embryos comprising the rat ES cells colony in foster mothers, wherein the generation
Pregnant parent generates the F0 filial generation with the targeting genetic modification, wherein the targeting genetic modification is passed by the system genitale
It passs.
28. method as claimed in claim 27, wherein the step (a) includes:
(i) in vitro culture first layer feeder cells and morula stage or blastula stage rat embryo, the first layer feeder cells are not
By genetic modification at expression LIF,
Wherein the oolemma of the morula stage or blastula stage rat embryo has been removed, and
Wherein condition of culture maintain rat ES cells versatility and include culture medium, the culture medium include 50U/mL extremely
It the LIF of 150U/mL and is combined by the inhibitor that mek inhibitor PD0325901 and GSK3 inhibitor C HIR99021 is formed, wherein
The culture medium does not include ESRF；And
(ii) outgrowth of undifferentiated amorphous rat ES cells group is transferred to the external training comprising second layer feeder cells
It supports in object hole, the second layer feeder cells are not by genetic modification at expression LIF；And
(iii) in the LIF comprising 50U/mL to 150U/mL and by mek inhibitor PD0325901 and GSK3 inhibitor
The outgrowth is cultivated under conditions of the culture medium of the inhibitor combination of CHIR99021 composition, wherein the culture medium does not include
Thus ESRF maintains the versatility of the rat ES cells.
29. the method as described in any one of claim 24-28, further comprises:
(i) will with it is described targeting genetic modification male F0 rat be bred together with wild females rat, with generate for
The targeting genetic modification is the F1 filial generation of heterozygosis.
30. method as claimed in claim 29, further comprises:
(j) male rat of the F1 filial generation is bred together with the female rats of the F1 filial generation, to obtain for the target
It is homozygous F2 filial generation to genetic modification.
31. the method as described in any one of claim 24-28, wherein at least 3% with the targeting genetic modification
The targeting genetic modification is transmitted to the F1 filial generation by the F0 rat.
32. the method as described in any one of claim 24-28, wherein at least 10% with the targeting genetic modification
The targeting genetic modification is transmitted to the F1 filial generation by the F0 rat.
33. the method as described in any one of claim 24-28, wherein at least 60% with the targeting genetic modification
The genetic modification is transmitted to the F1 filial generation by the F0 rat.
34. the method as described in any one of claim 23-28, wherein the rat ES cells system be derived from ACI rat or
Dark Agouti (DA) rat.
35. the method as described in any one of claim 23-28, wherein the morula stage or blastula stage rat embryo are originated from
In super ovulation rat.
36. the method as described in any one of claim 23-28, wherein the modification step includes that a wheel or more wheel electricity are worn
Hole.
37. the method as described in any one of claim 23-28, wherein the targeting genetic modification is via homologous recombination events
It generates.
38. the method as described in any one of claim 23-28, wherein the targeting genetic modification is by using comprising flanking
The targeting vector for being inserted into the upstream and downstream homology arm of polynucleotides generates, wherein the homology arm corresponds to target gene group base
Because of the genomic region in seat.
39. the method as described in any one of claim 23-28, wherein the targeting genetic modification is by using in targeting base
Nucleic acid enzymatic reagent because generating single-stranded or double-stranded fracture at group locus generates.
40. method as claimed in claim 39, wherein the nuclease reagent is class activating transcription factor effector nuclease
(TALEN), Zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), meganuclease or CRISPER/Cas system.
41. the method as described in any one of claim 23-28, wherein the targeting genetic modification includes lacking, knocking out, striking
Enter, point mutation or combinations thereof.
42. the method as described in any one of claim 23-28, wherein the modification step (d) includes modifying the rat
ES cell is so that it includes two or more to target genetic modification, wherein the rat ES cells can be transmitted by system genitale
The two or more targeting genetic modifications.
43. the method as described in any one of claim 23-28, wherein the rat ES cells are that male (XY) rat ES is thin
Born of the same parents.
44. the method as described in any one of claim 23-28, wherein the rat ES cells are that female (XX) rat ES is thin
Born of the same parents.
45. the method as described in any one of claim 23-28, wherein the rat ES cells can be in the medium
Passage up at least 11 times, without reducing targeting efficiency or system genitale of the targeting genetic modification in the rat ES cells
Transmission efficiency.
46. the method as described in any one of claim 23-28, wherein the rat ES cells have below one or more
Feature:
(a) at least one multipotency marker selected from the group below of rat ES cells expression: Dnmt3L, Eras, Err- β,
Fbxo15, Fgf4, Gdf3, Klf4, Lef1, LIF receptor, Lin28, Nanog, Oct4, Sox15, Sox2 and Utf1；
(b) rat ES cells do not express one or more multipotency markers selected from c-Myc, Ecat1 and Rexo1；
(c) rat ES cells do not express one or more mesodermal markers selected from Brachyury and Bmpr2；
(d) rat ES cells do not express one or more endodermal marker objects selected from Gata6, Sox17 and Sox7；
(e) rat ES cells do not express one or more neural markers objects selected from nestin and Pax6；
(f) the one or more multipotency markers of the rat ES cells expression selected from Oct-4, Sox2 and alkaline phosphatase；With
(g) the one or more rat ESC specific genes selected from the group below of rat ES cells expression: it is adhesively joined related egg
White (Ajap1), tight junction protein 5 (Cldn5), Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factor 9 (Arhgef9), calcium/calcium tune egg
White deopendent protein kinase IV (Camk4), ephrins-A1 (Efna1), EPH receptor A4 (Epha4), gap junction protein β 5
(Gjb5), insulin-like growth factor binding protein sample 1 (Igfbpl1), 6 β of interleukin Ⅲ (Il1f8), interleukin 28
Receptor alpha (Il28ra), left and right factor of determination 1 (Lefty1), leukemia inhibitory factor receptor α (Lifr), lpa receptor 2
(Lpar2), neuron pentraxins receptor (Ntm), non-receptor 18 type protein tyrosine phosphatase (Ptpn18), tail type are same
Source frame 2 (Cdx2), type III fibronectin and ankyrin repeat domains 1 (Fank1), plug frame E1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2)
(Foxe1), the crinosity of the primitive containing YRPW/enhancer is broken GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2), plug frame E1 (Thyroid Transcription Factor 2)
(Foxe1), the crinosity of the primitive containing YRPW/enhancer is broken GAP-associated protein GAP 2 (Hey2), lymph sample enhancer binding factor 1
(Lef1), the homologous frame 1 (Satb1) of Sal sample albumen 3 (drosophila) (Sall3), SATB and miR-632.
47. the method as described in any one of claim 23-28, wherein the culture medium includes 75U/mL to 125U/mL's
LIF。
48. method as claimed in claim 47, wherein the culture medium includes the LIF of 90U/mL to 110U/mL.
49. method as claimed in claim 48, wherein the culture medium includes 100U/mL LIF.
50. the method as described in any one of claim 23-28, wherein the LIF be mouse LIF or comprising with SEQ ID
At least 91% sequence identity of NO:1.
51. the method as described in any one of claim 23-28, wherein the feeder cells include the small of mitosis inactivation
Rat embryo fibroblast cell (MEF) single layer.
52. the method as described in any one of claim 23-28, wherein the mek inhibitor includes PD0325901 and institute
Stating GSK-3 inhibitor includes CHIR99021.
53. the method as described in any one of claim 23-28, wherein it is 0.8 μM to 1.2 μ that the mek inhibitor, which is concentration,
The PD0325901 of M and the GSK-3 inhibitor are the CHIR99021 that concentration is 2.5 μM to 3.5 μM.
54. the method as described in any one of claim 23-28, wherein the LIF in the culture medium is 100U/mL, MEK suppression
Preparation is the PD0325901 that concentration is 1 μM, and the GSK-3 inhibitor is the CHIR99021 that concentration is 3 μM.
55. the method as described in any one of claim 23-28, wherein the culture medium includes following component: concentration 1x
DMEM/F12 basal medium；Concentration is the Neurobasal culture medium of 1x；The penicillin/streptomycin that concentration is 1%；Concentration
For the L-Glutamine of 4mM；Concentration is the 2 mercapto ethanol of 0.1mM；Concentration is the N2 supplement of 1x；The B27 that concentration is 1x is mended
Fill object；Concentration is the LIF of 100U/ml；The PD0325901 that concentration is 1 μM；And the CHIR99021 that concentration is 3 μM.
56. the method as described in any one of claim 23-28, wherein the modification step includes:
(i) heterologous polynucleotide being introduced in the rat ES cells, the heterologous polynucleotide includes selectable marker,
Described in selectable marker be operably coupled to active promoter in the rat ES cells；And
(ii) rat ES cells described in vitro culture in alternate first culture medium and the second culture medium, wherein first training
Supporting base includes a effective amount of selective agent, keeps first time period, and second culture medium does not include the selective agent, wherein
The condition of in vitro culture is enough to maintain versatility；Thus the heterologous polynucleotide for entering genome with stable integration is selected
Rat ES cells.
57. method as claimed in claim 56, wherein every 24 hours alternatings of first and second culture medium.
58. method as claimed in claim 56, wherein the selectable marker assigns antibiotic resistance.
59. method as claimed in claim 56, wherein the selectable marker includes neomycin phosphotransferase (neor), tide
Mycin B phosphotransferase (hygr), puromycin-N-acetyl-transferase (puror), imoticidin S deaminase (bsrr), it is yellow
One or more of purine/guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (gpt) and herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-tk).
60. method as claimed in claim 56, wherein the selectable marker has one or more following characteristics:
(a) selectable marker includes unattenuated selectable marker gene；
(b) selectable marker has increased activity compared to wild type selectable marker；With
(c) rat ES cells include the selectable marker for the multiple copies being steadily incorporated in genome.
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2016
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2019
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