CN105120905B - 放射性标记方法 - Google Patents
放射性标记方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105120905B CN105120905B CN201480018669.1A CN201480018669A CN105120905B CN 105120905 B CN105120905 B CN 105120905B CN 201480018669 A CN201480018669 A CN 201480018669A CN 105120905 B CN105120905 B CN 105120905B
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- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
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- LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N teixobactin Chemical compound C([C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]1C(N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C[C@@H]2NC(=N)NC2)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O[C@H]1C)[C@@H](C)CC)=O)NC)C1=CC=CC=C1 LMBFAGIMSUYTBN-MPZNNTNKSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- NTEDWGYJNHZKQW-IWLYVCSRSA-N fluciclovine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@]1(N)C[C@H](F)C1 NTEDWGYJNHZKQW-IWLYVCSRSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及包含1‑氨基‑3‑[18F]‑氟代环丁烷羧酸([18F]‑FACBC)的新的组合物,其中所述组合物相较于包括[18F]‑FACBC的已知组合物具有某些优越的性质。本发明还提供获得所述组合物的方法。
Description
本发明技术领域
本发明涉及用于制备放射性药物化合物,特别是可用作正电子发射层析成像(PET)示踪剂的氨基酸衍生物的方法。当自动化时,本发明的方法尤其合适,并且相对已知方法提供优点。特别地,本发明涉及用于制备[18F]-1-氨基-3-氟代环丁烷-1-羧酸([18F]-FACBC,亦称为[18F]-fluciclovine)的方法。
相关技术描述
非天然氨基酸[18F]-1-氨基-3-氟代环丁烷-1-羧酸([18F]-FACBC,亦称为[18F]-Fluciclovine)具体通过氨基酸转运体接受,并显示有希望用于使用正电子发射层析成像(PET)的肿瘤成像。
已知的[18F]-FACBC合成(EP2017258)由受保护前体化合物1-(N-(叔丁氧羰基)氨基)-3-[((三氟甲基)磺酰基)氧基]-环丁烷-1-羧酸乙酯的供给开始。该前体化合物首先使用[18F]-氟化物标记:
然后除去两个保护基团:
以随后获得可注射的[18F]FACBC药物产物,纯化粗品[18F]FACBC并随后配制。
在用于生产[18F]FACBC的现行常规方法中,在反应容器中进行放射性标记步骤(i),随后将以上放射性标记化合物(式II)转移至tC18固相萃取柱,用于通过加碱水解除去酯保护基。在此期间,用水洗涤反应容器数次。随后将酯-脱保护的化合物返回至反应容器,用于通过酸水解除去Boc保护基。即使洗涤反应容器数次,发明人确定了配制的[18F]FACBC药物产物中残余的乙腈水平范围为约100μg/ml-约600μg/ml。虽然这些水平就允许的日暴露量而言和在用于[18F]FACBC药物产物的接受标准的背景中可接受,但量和观察到的变化性不及理想。
因此存在[18F]FACBC药物产物的供应范围,其中乙腈水平受到更为严格控制,且优选在较低的浓度范围内。
发明概述
本发明涉及包含1-氨基-3-[18F]-氟代环丁烷羧酸([18F]-FACBC)的新的组合物,其中所述组合物相较于包含[18F]-FACBC的已知组合物具有某些优越的性质。更特别地,本发明提供具有低且一致量剩余溶剂的[18F]FACBC组合物。本发明还提供获得所述组合物的方法。
优选实施方案的详述
一方面,本发明涉及包含1-氨基-3-[18F]-氟代环丁烷羧酸([18F]-FACBC)的组合物,其中所述组合物包含浓度不大于50μg/mL的乙腈(MeCN)。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的组合物包含浓度不大于20μg/mL的MeCN。
在一个实施方案中,本发明组合物具有500-5000MBq/ml的放射性浓度,优选1000-5000MBq/ml。本发明组合物的RAC优选为一旦获得药物产物时(即,紧接在放射性氟化、脱保护、纯化和配制之后)它的RAC。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的组合物具有至少99%的放射化学纯度(RCP)。
在一个实施方案中,本发明组合物中的所述[18F]FACBC为反式-1-氨基-3-[18F]-氟代环丁烷羧酸(反-[18F]-FACBC):
本发明组合物优选可通过以下描述的本发明的方法获得。
在另一方面,本发明提供获得如以上定义的组合物的方法,其中所述方法包括:
(i)将[18F]氟化物与式I前体化合物反应:
其中:
LG为离去基团;
PG1为羧基保护基;和,
PG2为胺保护基;
其中在乙腈中进行所述反应步骤;
以获得包含式II化合物的反应混合物:
其中:
PG1和PG2如式I定义;
(ii)将所述式II化合物转移出所述反应容器,以进行PG1的除去,从而获得式III化合物:
其中PG2如式I定义;
(iii)与步骤(ii)同时,向所述反应容器施加热量;
(iv)将所述式III化合物转移回所述反应容器,以进行PG2的除去,从而获得[18F]-FACBC。
除步骤(iii)外,很大程度上如本领域所述(例如Shoup等人,1999 J LabelledComp Radiopharm;42:215-225,Svadberg等人,2011 J Labelled Comp Radiopharm;55:97102)进行本发明的方法。
适用于本发明方法的“[18F]fluoride”通常作为水溶液从核反应18O(p,n)18F中获得。为了增加氟化物的反应性并减少或最小化由于水的存在而引起的羟基化副产物,通常在反应前从[18F]-氟化物中除去水,并使用无水反应溶剂进行氟化反应(Aigbirhio等人,1995 J Fluor Chem;70:279-87)。用于改进[18F]-氟化物反应性以用于放射性氟化反应的进一步步骤是在除去水之前加入阳离子反离子。合适地,反离子在无水反应溶剂中应具有充分的溶解度,以保持[18F]-氟化物的溶解度。因此,一般所使用的反离子包括大但软的金属离子,例如与穴状配体(例如KryptofixTM)或四烷基铵盐络合的铷或铯、钾,其中优选与穴状配体(例如KryptofixTM)或四烷基铵盐络合的钾。
″前体化合物″包含放射性标记的化合物的非放射性衍生物,设计所述“前体化合物”,使得在特定位点发生与可检测标记的便利化学形式的化学反应;可按最小数目的步骤实施(理想为一步);并且不需要显著的纯化(理想为无进一步纯化),以产生期望的放射性标记的化合物。这些前体化合物为合成的,并且可方便地以良好的化学纯度获得。
在本发明的上下文中合适的“离去基团”为可通过使用氟离子亲核取代反应取代的化学基团。这些在合成化学技术领域中是公知的。在一些实施方案中,本发明的离去基团为直链或支链的C1-10卤烷基磺酸取代基、直链或支链的C1-10烷基磺酸取代基、氟磺酸取代基或芳族磺酸取代基。在本发明其它实施方案中,离去基团选自:甲磺酸、甲苯磺酸、硝基苯磺酸、苯磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、氟代磺酸和全氟烷基磺酸。在一些实施方案中,离去基团为甲磺酸、三氟甲磺酸或甲苯磺酸,并且在在另一实施方案中,离去基团为三氟甲磺酸。
术语“保护基”指的是抑制或阻止非期望化学反应的基团,但将其设计为具有充分反应性,使其可从所关注的官能团分开,以在不改变分子其余部分的足够温和的条件下获得期望的产物。保护基对于本领域技术人员为公知的,且描述于‘Protective Groups inOrganic Synthesis(有机合成中的保护基)’,Theorodora W.Greene和Peter G.M.Wuts,(第四版,John Wiley&Sons,2007)。
PG1“羧基保护基”优选为直链或支链的C1-10烷基链或芳基取代基。单独或作为另一个基团的一部分使用的术语“烷基”定义为任何直的、支链的或环状的饱和或不饱和的CnH2n+1基团。术语“芳基”指的是源自于单环或多环芳烃或单环或多环杂芳烃的任何C6-14分子片段或基团。在本发明方法的一个实施方案中,PG1选自甲基、乙基、叔丁基和苯基。在本发明另一个实施方案中,PG1为甲基或乙基,且在再一个实施方案中,PG1为乙基。
PG2“胺保护基”合适地防止在提供式II化合物的过程中18F和氨基之间的反应。合适的胺保护基的实例包括多种氨基甲酸酯取代基、多种酰胺取代基、多种酰亚胺取代基和多种胺取代基。优选地,胺保护基选自以下:直链或支链的C2-7烷氧基羰基取代基、直链或支链的C3-7烯氧基羰基取代基、可具有改性基团的C7-12苄氧基羰基取代基、C2-7烷基二硫氧羰基取代基、直链或支链的C1-6烷基酰胺取代基、直链或支链的C2-6烯基酰胺取代基、可具有改性基团的C6-11苯甲酰胺取代基、C4-10环状酰亚胺取代基、可具有取代基的C6-11芳族亚胺取代基、直链或支链的C1-6烷基胺取代基、直链或支链的C2-6烯基胺取代基和可具有改性基团的C6-11苄基胺取代基。在本发明的一些实施方案中,PG2选自叔丁氧羰基、烯丙氧基羰基、邻苯二甲酰亚胺和N-苄叉胺。在其它实施方案中,PG2选自叔丁氧羰基或邻苯二甲酰亚胺。在本发明的一个实施方案中,PG2为叔丁氧羰基。
术语“反应”是指将两种或更多种化学物质(本领域中一般称为“反应物”或“反应剂”)放在一起,以产生一种或两种/全部化学物质的化学变化。
在本发明方法步骤(ii)期间,使用可从式II化合物中除去羧基保护基PG1的试剂进行“PG1的除去”。合适的这些羧基脱保护剂对于技术人员为公知的(参见以上Greene和Wuts),并且可以为酸性或碱性溶液。PG1脱保护剂的浓度不受限,只要它足以除去羧基保护基PG1并且不影响最终纯度或不导致与任何所用容器的不相容性。优选地,PG1脱保护剂为碱性溶液。在某些实施方案中,PG1脱保护剂为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾溶液,并且在优选的实施方案中为例如0.5-2.0M的氢氧化钠溶液。反应步骤通过关闭SPE柱的出口启动,使得PG1脱保护剂保留于此经指定量的时间。该反应步骤的温度和持续时间必须足以容许PG1羧基脱保护基的除去。在某些实施方案中,在室温下进行反应步骤,并经1-5分钟的持续时间。
步骤(iii)包括向反应容器施加热量,该步骤可以使用本领域技术人员公知的方法进行,且必须适用于对所述反应容器应用,使得该反应器可用于随后的步骤(iv)。与步骤(ii)“同时”进行该步骤(iii),也就是说在进行除去PG1的同时,即,式II化合物从所述反应容器中转移出来之后。适用于该加热步骤的温度不应大于反应容器的容限,例如对于由环烯烃共聚物(COC)制成的反应容器,温度不大于约130℃,且对于由聚醚醚酮(PEEK)制成的反应容器,温度不大于约200℃。为了方便,步骤(iii)中用于加热反应容器所使用的温度可尽可能接近标记步骤(i)期间使用的温度。适用于放射性标记的所用温度为约80-140℃,在其它情况下为85-130℃。
在本发明方法的步骤(iv)期间,使用可从式III化合物中除去胺保护基PG2的试剂进行“PG2的除去”。合适的这些胺脱保护剂对于技术人员为公知的(参见以上Greene和Wuts),并且可以为酸性或碱性溶液。PG2脱保护剂的浓度不受限,只要它足以除去羧基保护基PG2。优选地,PG2脱保护剂为酸性溶液。合适的酸优选包括选自以下的酸:无机酸,例如盐酸、硫酸和硝酸;和有机酸,例如全氟烷基羧酸,例如三氟乙酸。在某些实施方案中,PG2脱保护剂为盐酸,且在其它实施方案中,当HCl用作PG2脱保护剂时,它的浓度为1.0-4.0M。优选在加热下进行步骤(iv),以使得除去PG2的反应进行得更快。反应时间取决于反应温度或其它条件。例如,当步骤(iv)在60℃下实施时,充分的反应时间为5分钟。
式I前体化合物可遵循或修改本领域中已知的方法获得,例如由McConathy等人(2003 Appl Radiat Isotop;58:657-666)或由Shoup和Goodman(1999 J Label CompRadiopharm;42:215-225)所描述的。
在优选的方面中,[18F]-FACBC为反式-1-氨基-3-[18F]-氟代环丁烷羧酸(反-[18F]-FACBC):
所述式I化合物为式Ia化合物:
所述式II化合物为式IIa化合物:
所述式III化合物为式IIIa化合物:
其中PG1和PG2如上所述。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的方法为自动化的。优选地,本发明的方法在自动化合成设备上进行。术语“自动化合成设备”指基于Satyamurthy等人(1999,Clin.Positr.Imag.,2(5),233-253)描述的单元操作原理的自动化模块。术语‘单元操作’指复杂的过程简化为一系列简单的可适用于多种材料的操作或反应。对于本发明的方法,优选这样的自动化合成设备,尤其是当期望放射性药物组合物时。它们市售可得自多个供应商[Satyamurthy等人,以上],包括:GE Healthcare;CTI Inc;Ion Beam ApplicationsS.A。(Chemin du Cyclotron 3,B-1348 Louvain-La-Neuve,比利时);Raytest(德国)和Bioscan(美国)。
商业自动化合成设备还对作为放射性药物制备的结果产生的液体放射性废弃物提供合适的容器。自动化合成设备通常不提供有辐射屏蔽,因为它们设计用于适宜地设置的放射性工作间。放射性工作间提供合适的辐射屏蔽,以保护操作者免受潜在的辐射剂量,以及提供通风,以除去化学和/或放射性蒸气。自动合成设备优选通过暗盒进行放射合成。术语“暗盒”是指设计为可移除和可交换地装配到自动合成设备上的装置部件,采用使得合成器的活动部分的机械移动从暗盒外侧(即,外部)控制暗盒操作的方式。适合的暗盒包括阀的线性阵列,阀分别连接到孔口,在此可通过针刺倒置的隔膜密封瓶或通过气密配合接头来连接试剂或瓶。各阀具有与自动合成设备的相应活动臂界面连接的凸-凹接头。因此,在暗盒连接到自动合成设备时,臂的外部旋转控制阀的打开或关闭。自动合成设备的另外的活动部分设计成夹在注射器柱塞端上,并因此提起或压下注射器筒。
暗盒是通用的,一般具有可连接试剂的数个位置,并且有数个位置适用于连接试剂的注射瓶或层析管(例如,用于SPE)。暗盒始终包括反应容器。这样的反应容器优选为0.5-10mL,更优选0.5-5mL,最优选0.5-4mL体积,并且经构造,使得暗盒的3或更多个孔口与其连接,以允许从暗盒上的不同孔口转移试剂或溶剂。优选暗盒在线性阵列中具有15至40个阀,最优选20至30个,25个尤其优选。优选暗盒的阀分别是相同的,最优选为三通阀。暗盒设计成适合放射性制药制造,因此,由药物级并且理想地为抗辐解的材料制造。
用于本发明的优选的自动化合成设备包括一次性或单次使用的暗盒,暗盒包括进行放射氟化放射性药物的指定批料制备所必需的所有试剂、反应容器和装置。暗盒意味着自动合成设备具有能够通过简单地调换暗盒以最小交叉污染风险制备多种不同放射性药物的灵活性。暗盒方法也具有以下优点:简化装配,因此减小操作者失误的风险;提高GMP(良好作业规范)顺应性;多示踪剂能力;在生产过程之间快速改变;暗盒和试剂的预试自动诊断检查;化学试剂相对于要进行的合成的自动条形码交叉检查;试剂可追溯性;单次使用,因此没有交叉污染风险、防止篡改和滥用。
以下实施例用于进一步说明本发明。
实施例简述
实施例1描述获得[18F]FACBC的已知方法。
实施例2描述根据本发明获得[18F]FACBC的方法。
实施例中所用缩写的列表
BOC 叔丁氧羰基
DP 药物产物
HLB 疏水-亲脂平衡
K222 Kryptofix 222
MeCN 乙腈
QMA 甲基季铵
RAC 放射性浓度
实施例
比较实施例1:现有技术合成[18F]FACBC
1(i)FASTlab暗盒
所有的放射化学均在市售可得的具有单次使用暗盒的GE FASTlabTM上实施。暗盒各自构建在具有25个三通活塞的整体模塑的歧管周围,它们全部由聚丙烯所制造。简要来说,暗盒包括5毫升反应器(环烯烃共聚物)、1个1ml注射器和2个5ml注射器、用于连接5个预充瓶的掺料(spikes),一个水袋(100ml)和多个SPE柱和过滤器。使用氮气吹扫、真空和3个注射器控制流体路径。设计完全自动化系统,用于使用回旋加速器产生的[18F]氟化物的单步氟化。由采用逐步时间相关事情序列(例如,移动注射器、氮气吹扫、真空和温度调节)软件包编程FASTlab。瓶A含有K222(58.8mg,156μmol)、79.5%(v/v)MeCN(aq)(1105μl)中的K2CO3(8.1mg,60.8μmol)。瓶B含有4M HCl(2.0ml)。瓶C含有MeCN(4.1ml)。瓶D含有干燥形式(贮藏于-20℃,直到暗盒装配)的前体(48.4mg,123.5μmol)。瓶E含有2M NaOH(4.1ml)。30ml的产物收集玻璃瓶用200mM柠檬酸三钠(10ml)填充。
1(ii)生产[18F]氟化物
通过在GE PETtrace 6回旋加速器(挪威回旋加速器中心,奥斯陆)上的18O(p,n)18F核反应产生无载体加入的[18F]氟化物。使用双束,30μA电流,在具有HAVAR箔的两个同等Ag靶上,以16.5MeV质子实施辐照。各个靶含有1.6ml的≥96%[18O]水(马歇尔同位素)。在辐照并送至热室之后,各个靶用[16O]水洗涤(Merck,用于GR分析的水)。使含水[18F]氟化物通过QMA并进入18O-H2O回收瓶。随后使用MeCN冲洗QMA并送至废料。
1(iii)[18F]氟化物标记
使用洗提液将捕获的[18F]氟化物从瓶A洗提进入反应器并随后通过使用乙腈(瓶C)共沸蒸馏将其浓缩至干燥。将MeCN与前体在瓶D中混合,将溶解的前体从所述瓶D中加入反应器并加热至85°。
1(iv)除去酯保护基
用水稀释反应混合物并运送通过tC18柱。用水洗涤反应器并运送通过tC18柱。用水洗涤固定在tC18柱上的标记的中间体,随后使用2M NaOH温育,之后将2M NaOH送至废料。
1(v)除去BOC保护基
随后使用水将标记的中间体(无酯基)从tC18柱洗出,进入反应器。通过加入4MHCl并加热反应器使BOC基团水解。
1(vi)纯化
将含有粗品[18F]FACBC的反应器内含物运送通过HLB和氧化铝柱并进入30ml产物瓶。使用水洗涤HLB和氧化铝柱并收集于产物瓶中。
1(vii)配制
将2M NaOH和水加入产物瓶,产生总体积为26ml的纯化药物产物(DP)。
1(viii)表征
在DP中测量放射性浓度(RAC)和乙腈浓度。
FASTlab试验# | RAC(MBq/ml) | DP中的MeCN(μg/ml) |
1 | 1915 | 506 |
2 | 1804 | 324 |
3 | 1950 | 302 |
4 | 1698 | 89 |
5 | 1570 | 596 |
6 | 1815 | 218 |
实施例2:使用本发明的方法合成[18F]FACBC
使用如实施例1中定义的方法,除了除去酯保护基期间,将空反应器加热5分钟。
FASTlab试验# | RAC(MBq/ml) | DP中的MeCN(μg/ml) |
1 | 3247 | 16 |
2 | 4190 | 16 |
3 | 1708 | 16 |
4 | 776 | 17 |
Claims (17)
1.获得包含1-氨基-3-[18F]-氟代环丁烷羧酸([18F]-FACBC)的组合物的方法,其中所述组合物包含浓度不大于50μg/mL的乙腈(MeCN)且其中所述组合物具有500-5000MBq/ml的放射性浓度(RAC),其中所述方法包括:
(i) 在反应容器中将[18F]氟化物与式I前体化合物反应:
其中:
LG为离去基团;
PG1为羧基保护基;和,
PG2为胺保护基;
其中在乙腈中进行所述反应步骤;
以获得包含式II化合物的反应混合物:
其中:
PG1和PG2如式I定义;
(ii) 将所述式II化合物转移出所述反应容器至柱上,以使反应容器为空的;
(iii) 以80-140℃之间的加热温度向空反应容器施加热量同时进行PG1的除去,从而获得式III化合物:
其中PG2如式I定义;和
(iv) 将所述式III化合物转移回所述热处理的空反应器容器中,以进行PG2的除去,从而获得[18F]-FACBC。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中在所述组合物中所述MeCN的浓度不大于20μg/mL。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中所述组合物具有1000-5000MBq/ml的RAC。
4.权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中所述组合物具有至少99%的放射化学纯度(RCP)。
6.权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中LG为直链或支链的C1-10卤烷基磺酸取代基、直链或支链的C1-10烷基磺酸取代基,氟磺酸取代基或芳族磺酸取代基。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中LG为甲磺酸、甲苯磺酸、硝基苯磺酸、苯磺酸、三氟甲磺酸、氟代磺酸或全氟烷基磺酸。
8.权利要求6的方法,其中LG为三氟甲磺酸。
9.权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中PG1为直链或支链的C1-10烷基链或芳基取代基。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中PG1为甲基、乙基、叔丁基或苯基。
11.权利要求10的方法,其中PG1为甲基或乙基。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中PG1为乙基。
13.权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其中PG2为氨基甲酸酯取代基、酰胺取代基、酰亚胺取代基或胺取代基。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中PG2为叔丁氧羰基、烯丙氧羰基、邻苯二甲酰亚胺或N-苄叉胺。
15.权利要求14的方法,其中PG2为叔丁氧羰基。
17.权利要求1-3中任一项的方法,其为自动化的。
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MX2015013801A (es) | 2016-02-16 |
US9999692B2 (en) | 2018-06-19 |
CN105120905A (zh) | 2015-12-02 |
GB201305687D0 (en) | 2013-05-15 |
US20160051710A1 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
BR112015024344A2 (pt) | 2017-07-18 |
KR102218249B1 (ko) | 2021-02-22 |
EP2978456A1 (en) | 2016-02-03 |
CA2908029A1 (en) | 2014-10-02 |
AU2014242897B2 (en) | 2018-11-08 |
JP2016515564A (ja) | 2016-05-30 |
RU2015138540A3 (zh) | 2018-03-01 |
ES2864702T3 (es) | 2021-10-14 |
RU2675371C2 (ru) | 2018-12-19 |
AU2014242897A1 (en) | 2015-08-27 |
US20180177900A1 (en) | 2018-06-28 |
RU2015138540A (ru) | 2017-05-03 |
MX368061B (es) | 2019-09-18 |
CA2908029C (en) | 2021-05-04 |
JP6500011B2 (ja) | 2019-04-10 |
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