CN105112774A - Air cooling hardened spring steel with high obdurability, low-medium-carbon and microalloy and forming and heat treatment process thereof - Google Patents
Air cooling hardened spring steel with high obdurability, low-medium-carbon and microalloy and forming and heat treatment process thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an air cooling hardened spring steel with high obdurability, low-medium-carbon and microalloy and a forming and heat treatment process thereof. Existing spring steel is high in cost due to components. The air cooling hardened spring steel with the high obdurability, low-medium-carbon and the microalloy comprises, by weight, 0.15%-0.50% of C, 0.30%-2.00% of Si, 0.60%-2.50% of Mn, 0-0.020% of S, 0-0.025% of P, 0.0005% ~ 0.0035% of B, and the balance Fe. After the steel is heated to 900-1500 DEG C and the temperature is kept, metallographic structure containing the major bainite and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite, and no other non-martensitic structures (free ferrite, pearlite and upper bainite) can be obtained by adopting controlled cooling. Then properties can be further improved through low temperature tempering treatment; material mechanical property Rm>=1350 MPa; yield strength Rp0.2>=1050MPa; percentage elongation after fracture A>=10%; section shrinkage Z>=35%. The air cooling hardened spring steel with the high obdurability, the low-medium-carbon and the microalloy is adopted, so that the manufacturing process of springs is simplified, energy is saved, and cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the air-cooled hardening spring steel of the low middle carbon microalloy of a kind of high-strong toughness and shaping thereof and thermal treatment process, for the manufacture of the elastic part such as whisker, automobile stabilizer bar, torsion bar of material diameter Φ 10mm ~ Φ 60mm.
Background technology
The technological process of usual conventional springs steel making spring-like product is mainly divided into two classes: a class is the material adopting hard state namely to reach high strength and high elastic limit after Overheating Treatment, as long as usually carry out low temperature destressing process can meet service requirements after shaping, be used for the spring manufactured compared with small dimension material at present, the soft state material of strengthening is not heat-treated in the many employings of the another kind of spring being specification is large, usually thermoforming and cold shaping two kinds of modes are had to be processed into spring, and then carry out quenching and the tempering heat treatment of spring, what wherein hot formed spring had utilizes waste heat direct quenching temper again.
The thermal treatment of the spring of traditional material is adopted to there is following problem:
The quenching majority of large-scale spiral spring, Automotive Stabilizer Bar and torsion rod spring adopts liquid medium as refrigerant, generally need the continuous quenching cooling apparatus being equipped with automatic loading/unloading, comprising composition and the temperature controlled device of quenchant (usually with quenching oil or aqua polymer solution quenchant), the consumption etc. of the investment of equipment and maintenance cost and quenching medium makes the cost of spring quenching process very high.
The quenching of spring in liquid medium is quick cooling, all can have quenching strain, and has the danger that cracking occurs, the control of this distortion and cracking with carry out correcting or crack detection is made up all more difficult afterwards, also can increase cost.
The oil quenching of spring has oil smoke to produce, and quenching rear spring also needs cleaning, and the cleaning dirty oil remaining in spring surface can burn when spring carries out tempering and produce oil smoke, and these all can pollute the air around factory and cause environmental problem.
Now use most of alloy spring Carbon Content Of Steel in the scope of 0.5%-0.65%, the tempering temperature after quenching all will more than 400 DEG C, and the energy consumption of heat treatment step is large.
In recent years in order to save energy, simplify operation, automobile and the higher component of mechanical performance requriements develop the novel material such as non-hardened and tempered steel, air-cooled bainitic steels in succession, but application in spring-like product is less.That quick air cooling obtaining portion divides bainite structure to replace the method for modified steel crankshaft after crankshaft forging if publication number is CN102899589A " a kind of high strength non quenched and tempered bainitic steel and preparation method ", although added the multiple noble element such as Mo, V, Cr in steel, but organize obdurability not enough because of what finally obtain, its performance (tensile strength Rm >=1085MPa, yield strength RP0.2 >=795MPa) can only meet modified of axle class and can not meet the requirement of spring part to performance.And the air-cooled bainitic steels of most high-strong toughness has plenty of the requirement that mechanical property does not also reach spring product, the valuable or rare alloy element (as Mo, Ni, V, etc.) then containing multiple high level had, makes material cost very high and is difficult to practical application.If patent of invention CN86103008 is a kind of air-cooled bainitic steels being principal element with Mn, B, think and 60Si2MnA can be replaced to manufacture spring, its tensile strength >=1300MPa; Such strength property still can not meet the requirement of present spring product completely.Publication number is the patent " air-cooled bainite steel with high toughness and high quenching performance " of CN1078269A, emphasize high-hardenability, require large-sized part naturally cooling in atmosphere, namely cooling rate >=1 between 900 DEG C-300 DEG C DEG C/min, but the amount of have to protect the hardening capacity alloying elements such as increasing Mn, Si, also will add the noble elements such as Mo, V, material cost is higher.And chronic because of needed for part air cooling, the spring for automobile produced in enormous quantities for requiring short period just cannot obtain practical application.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is the technical problem introduced for above background technology, the not too large and feature of uniformity based on spring-like product parts cross section, from requiring to obtain bainite class loading, likely by the optimization of Composition Design when spring steel product cost increases few, make spring after heat directly with air accelerating cooling (air-cooled or air cooling), obtain with bainite, martensite is the mechanical property that main quenching structure carries out that low-temperaturetempering obtains excellence again, the air-cooled hardening spring steel of the low middle carbon microalloy of a kind of high-strong toughness and shaping thereof and thermal treatment process are provided.
For achieving the above object, the air-cooled hardening spring steel of the low middle carbon microalloy of high-strong toughness of the present invention, is characterized in that this spring steel comprises the chemical composition of following weight percent:
C：0.15%～0.50%，
Si：0.30%～2.00%，
Mn：0.60%～2.50%，
S：≤0.020%，
P：≤0.025%，
B：0.0005%～0.0035%，
Surplus is iron.
As the optimization technique means of the air-cooled hardening spring steel of the low middle carbon microalloy of high-strong toughness of the present invention, this spring steel also comprises at least one in the chemical composition of following weight percent:
Mo：0.10%～0.50%，
Cr:0.20% ~ 1.00%; Or/and
Comprise at least one in the chemical composition of following weight percent:
V：0.03%～0.12%，
Nb：0.02%～0.1%,
Ti：0.005%～0.5%。
As the optimization technique means of the air-cooled hardening spring steel of the low middle carbon microalloy of high-strong toughness of the present invention, in the steel that this spring steel is rolled into H content for≤0.8ppm, O content is≤15ppm, N content is 50ppm ~ 130ppm.
As the optimization technique means of the air-cooled hardening spring steel of the low middle carbon microalloy of high-strong toughness of the present invention, described steel are round steel or the wire rod steel of Φ 10mm ~ Φ 60mm.
As the optimization technique means of the air-cooled hardening spring steel of the low middle carbon microalloy of high-strong toughness of the present invention, this spring steel pours into steel ingot or continuous casting becomes steel billet through smelting after external refining, rerolls and makes steel.
As the optimization technique means of the air-cooled hardening spring steel of the low middle carbon microalloy of high-strong toughness of the present invention, described steel are thermal treatment sclerosis state or soft state.
As the optimization technique means of the air-cooled hardening spring steel of the low middle carbon microalloy of high-strong toughness of the present invention, the minimum mechanical property that this spring steel reaches is: tensile strength R
m>=1350MPa, yield strength R
p0.2>=1050MPa, elongation after fracture A>=10%, relative reduction in area Z>=35%.
For achieving the above object, the shaping of the air-cooled hardening spring steel of the low middle carbon microalloy of high-strong toughness of the present invention and thermal treatment process, it is characterized in that adopting the shaping of following arbitrary form and thermal treatment process to obtain final metallographic structure to spring steel of the present invention, this final metallographic structure be based on the bainite and martensite through tempering, to be no more than containing volume percent 5% residual austenite and not containing the metallographic structure of other non-martensite microstructure:
(1) the low-temperaturetempering process of 250 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C is carried out after heat treated hard state material adopts cold machine-shaping;
(2) thermoforming, then directly hardening by cooling after soft state heating materials to 900 DEG C ~ 1050 DEG C, then carry out the low-temperaturetempering process of 250 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C;
(3) spring of soft state material cold shaping is heated to 900 DEG C ~ 1050 DEG C direct hardenings by cooling, then carries out the low-temperaturetempering process of 250 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C.
As the shaping of the air-cooled hardening spring steel of the low middle carbon microalloy of high-strong toughness of the present invention and the optimization technique means of thermal treatment process, described final metallographic structure contains the carbonitride of at least one in micro alloying element V, Nb, Ti.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: due to do not need adopt liquid quenching medium just avoid above described Conventional springs steel in the multiple disadvantage of oil quenching, thus significantly can reduce manufacturing cost acquisition economic benefit in save energy, simplification operation, and also can obtain corresponding social benefit because environmental protect meets society's requirement more and more higher to environmental protection.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below.
The air-cooled hardening spring steel of the low middle carbon microalloy of high-strong toughness of the present invention, its basic design is: this spring steel comprises the chemical composition of following weight percent:
C：0.15%～0.50%，
Si：0.30%～2.00%，
Mn：0.60%～2.50%，
S：≤0.020%，
P：≤0.025%，
B：0.0005%～0.0035%，
Surplus is iron.
Further, this spring steel also comprises at least one in the chemical composition of following weight percent:
Mo：0.10%～0.50%，
Cr:0.20% ~ 1.00%; Or/and
Comprise at least one in the chemical composition (micro alloying element) of following weight percent:
V：0.03%～0.12%，
Nb：0.02%～0.1%,
Ti：0.005%～0.5%。
In the steel that this spring steel is rolled into H content for≤0.8ppm, O content is≤15ppm, N content is 50ppm ~ 130ppm.Steel are round steel or the wire rod steel of Φ 10mm ~ Φ 60mm.This spring steel pours into steel ingot or continuous casting becomes steel billet through smelting after external refining, rerolls and makes steel.Steel are thermal treatment sclerosis state or soft state.
The minimum mechanical property that this spring steel reaches is: tensile strength R
m>=1350MPa, yield strength R
p0.2>=1050MPa, elongation after fracture A>=10%, relative reduction in area Z>=35%.
The shaping of the low middle carbon microalloy of high-strong toughness of the present invention air-cooled hardening spring steel and thermal treatment process adopt the shaping of following arbitrary form and thermal treatment process to obtain final metallographic structure to spring steel of the present invention, this final metallographic structure be based on the bainite and martensite through tempering, to be no more than containing volume percent 5% residual austenite and not containing the metallographic structure (metallographic structure of non-martensite comprises free ferrite, perlite and the upper bainite that Cooling Austenite Transformation produces) of non-martensite:
(1) the low-temperaturetempering process of 250 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C is carried out after heat treated hard state material adopts cold machine-shaping;
(2) thermoforming, then directly hardening by cooling after soft state heating materials to 900 DEG C ~ 1050 DEG C, then carry out the low-temperaturetempering process of 250 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C;
(3) spring of soft state material cold shaping is heated to 900 DEG C ~ 1050 DEG C direct hardenings by cooling, then carries out the low-temperaturetempering process of 250 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C.
Final metallographic structure contains the carbonitride of at least one in micro alloying element V, Nb, Ti.
Above scheme of the present invention, has following substantive distinguishing features and significant progress:
(1) Composition Design of spring steel of the present invention: spring steel of the present invention take C-Mn-Si-B as basal component, wherein Mn and B is the principal element that the hardening capacity improving steel makes the ferrite-pearlite transformation line of the supercooled austenite continuous cooling transformation curve (CCT curve) of steel move to right, and the composite alloying adding Cr and Mo can improve hardening capacity further, after heat, namely can obtain the high-intensity high-tenacity tissue of bainite and partial martensite and a small amount of residual austenite under air cooling or air-cooled condition.
(2) save valuable alloy resource to give full play to alloys producing, the draw point of the present invention specification limit different to spring part material determines that the ideal critical through hardening diameter Schwellenwert of required steel carries out the optimized design of alloying constituent.For the Automotive Stabilizer Bar that material diameter is below Φ 30mm, then should be 130-160mm by the ideal critical through hardening diameter of computing method assessment steel; For the hot rolling whisker that material diameter is 30-60mm, then should be >=200mm by the ideal critical through hardening diameter of computing method assessment steel; For the automotive suspension screw spring that material diameter is below Φ 20mm, then by computing method assessment steel ideal critical through hardening diameter be 100-130mm.
(3) steel of the present invention contain one or more in micro alloying element V, Nb, Ti be because of growing up of austenite crystal when the carbonitride of these elements and carbide can hinder hot-work and crystal grain thinning, also improve intensity and toughness further by dispersion hardening effect simultaneously.
(4) nitrogen in steel element N of the present invention is as the useful element in microalloyed steel, thus needs to control its content.N has impact to the carbonitride of microalloy element and the precipitation process of carbide, and the quantity of these disperse phases, granular size and distribution are also the important factors of strengthen and toughen.
(5) draw point of the present invention to spring-like part material cross section unanimously and more uniform feature, air accelerated cooling device can be adopted to avoid producing non-martensite microstructure in tissue, and not need too much alloying element to increase its hardening capacity with comparatively faster speed of cooling (45 DEG C/min ~ 155 DEG C/min) cooling.
Air accelerated cooling device used is the air cooling equipment automatically controlled, and realizes part speed of cooling be on request quickly cooled to assigned temperature by the real-time Survey control air quantity of Part temperature and wind speed.Its advantage is without quenching oil or other cooling liqss, does not produce the pollution of oil smoke and does not need common oil cooling and oil-temperature control device, and not only running cost is low and improve the environment in workshop.
(6) steel heat (shaping) of the present invention and air cooling sclerosis after temper carry out at lower temperature (250 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C), now will there is various change in the microtexture of material.Feature due to the multiple element alloying of steel of the present invention makes steel microstructure when temper that complicated change can occur, comprising transformation and stabilization, the Precipitation of alloy carbonitride, the tempering malleableize etc. of martensite (dislocatrion martensite is main) tissue of residual austenite, the present invention utilizes the optimizing of temper technique to make the obdurability of steel not only can not reduce and increase on the contrary.
Embody rule of the present invention is as follows:
(1) carry out external refining after adopting converter or electrosmelting by the Composition Design that the purposes of steel of the present invention is different remove impurity and add trace element, after enforcement ingot casting or continuous casting become steel billet, carry out stepless control rolling by material supply of material requirement.To the requirement of the non-metallic inclusion content (rank) of steel be:
The supply status of material divides following a few class:
1. the soft state material of non-heat treated, material is in the thermoforming of spring manufactory and heat-treat;
2. as-heat-treated condition material, after material hot rolling, controlled cooling model reaches low-carbon bainite, martensitic tissue, and material can carry out temper, also can carry out temper after the cold shaping of spring manufactory.
3. effects on surface and the higher material (as automotive suspension spring thermal treatment steel) of dimension precision requirement, carries out cold drawn again after can be rolled into wire rod and hard state spring wire is made in thermal treatment (carrying out bainite, marquench).
(2) thermoforming of spring and direct quenching
Refer to that 1. above-mentioned the plant the soft state material of non-heat treated, thermoforming after being heated to 900 DEG C-1050 DEG C by induction heating or electric furnace, Fuel Furnace also directly enters air accelerated cooling device and cools fast with the speed of cooling of (45 DEG C/min ~ 155 DEG C/min) and obtain the quenching structure such as bainite, martensite.Spring after quenching carries out tempering (as describing below).
(3) cold shaping of spring
Refer to described the 2. plant and 3. plant heat treated hard state material with the above, spring is shaped in cold conditions, and the spring after shaping need carry out low-temperaturetempering process immediately.
(4) temper
Steel of the present invention is middle low-carbon bainite, the martensitic steel of multicomponent microalloying, temper is low-temperaturetempering substantially, usually within the scope of 250 DEG C-500 DEG C, time 60min-150min, due to the feature of the multielement of alloy, during tempering can there is very complicated change in the microtexture of steel, and drawing process be made to be conducive to strengthen and toughen need, by the technological test determination processing parameter of system and the span of control of tempering temperature and heating and thermal insulation time, can adopt correct test design to reduce workload.
Claims (10)
1. the air-cooled hardening spring steel of the low middle carbon microalloy of high-strong toughness, is characterized in that this spring steel comprises the chemical composition of following weight percent:
C：0.15%～0.50%，
Si：0.30%～2.00%，
Mn：0.60%～2.50%，
S：≤0.020%，
P：≤0.025%，
B：0.0005%～0.0035%，
Surplus is iron.
2. the air-cooled hardening spring steel of the low middle carbon microalloy of high-strong toughness according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this spring steel also comprises at least one in the chemical composition of following weight percent:
Mo：0.10%～0.50%，
Cr：0.20%～1.00%。
3. the air-cooled hardening spring steel of the low middle carbon microalloy of high-strong toughness according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: this spring steel also comprises at least one in the chemical composition of following weight percent:
V：0.03%～0.12%，
Nb：0.02%～0.1%,
Ti：0.005%～0.5%。
4. the air-cooled hardening spring steel of the low middle carbon microalloy of high-strong toughness according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the steel that this spring steel is rolled into H content for≤0.8ppm, O content is≤15ppm, N content is 50ppm ~ 130ppm.
5. the air-cooled hardening spring steel of the low middle carbon microalloy of high-strong toughness according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described steel are round steel or the wire rod steel of Φ 10mm ~ Φ 60mm.
6. the air-cooled hardening spring steel of the low middle carbon microalloy of high-strong toughness according to claim 4, is characterized in that: this spring steel pours into steel ingot or continuous casting becomes steel billet through smelting after external refining, rerolls and makes steel.
7. the air-cooled hardening spring steel of the low middle carbon microalloy of high-strong toughness according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described steel are thermal treatment sclerosis state or soft state.
8. the air-cooled hardening spring steel of the low middle carbon microalloy of high-strong toughness according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the minimum mechanical property that this spring steel reaches is: tensile strength R
m>=1350MPa, yield strength R
p0.2>=1050MPa, elongation after fracture A>=10%, relative reduction in area Z>=35%.
9. the shaping of the air-cooled hardening spring steel of the low middle carbon microalloy of high-strong toughness and thermal treatment process, it is characterized in that adopting the shaping of following arbitrary form and thermal treatment process to obtain final metallographic structure to the spring steel according to any one of claim 1-2,4-8, this final metallographic structure be based on the bainite and martensite through tempering, to be no more than containing volume percent 5% residual austenite and not containing the metallographic structure of other non-martensite microstructure:
(1) the low-temperaturetempering process of 250 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C is carried out after heat treated hard state material adopts cold machine-shaping;
(2) thermoforming, then directly hardening by cooling after soft state heating materials to 900 DEG C ~ 1050 DEG C, then carry out the low-temperaturetempering process of 250 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C;
(3) spring of soft state material cold shaping is heated to 900 DEG C ~ 1050 DEG C direct hardenings by cooling, then carries out the low-temperaturetempering process of 250 DEG C ~ 500 DEG C.
10. the shaping of the air-cooled hardening spring steel of the low middle carbon microalloy of high-strong toughness according to claim 9 and thermal treatment process, is characterized in that: described final metallographic structure contains the carbonitride of at least one in micro alloying element V, Nb, Ti.
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