CN115074634A - High-strength non-quenched and tempered steel front shaft for heavy-duty automobile and production process thereof - Google Patents
High-strength non-quenched and tempered steel front shaft for heavy-duty automobile and production process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
- B60B35/00—Axle units; Parts thereof ; Arrangements for lubrication of axles
- B60B35/02—Dead axles, i.e. not transmitting torque
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-strength non-quenched and tempered steel front axle for a heavy-duty automobile and a production process thereof, and belongs to the field of automobile manufacturing. The chemical components by mass percent: 0.10-0.15% of C, 0.80-1.40% of Si, 2.40-3.00% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.015% of P, 0.020-0.050% of S, 0.40-0.80% of Cr0.05-0.10% of V, 0.040-0.060% of Nb0.015-0.035% of Al, 0.010-0.030% of Ti0.0020-0.0040% of B, less than or equal to 0.0015% of O, 0.014-0.020% of N, less than or equal to 0.0002% of H, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The product has yield strength of more than or equal to 900MPa, good toughness, low-temperature impact energy of more than or equal to 50J and grain size of more than or equal to 9.0 grade, and can meet the performance requirements of the front axle of a heavy-duty automobile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of automobile manufacturing, and particularly relates to a high-strength non-quenched and tempered steel front axle for a heavy-duty automobile and a production process thereof.
Background
The front axle assembly is one of the main structures of the automobile, and utilizes the swing of a steering knuckle to realize the steering of the automobile, so the front axle assembly is also called as a steering axle. It is also known as a "front axle" because it is located in the front of the car. In order to ensure the safe running of the vehicle, the front axle assembly is provided with a proper front wheel positioning angle.
The front axle has very complicated stress condition, and besides bearing the weight of the automobile, the front axle also needs to bear vertical load, braking force, lateral force, bending moment caused by the lateral force and the like between the ground and a frame, and the service environment is very harsh, so that the front axle has strict requirements on indexes such as strength, plasticity and the like of a finished product of the front axle.
In recent years, with the rapid development of the automobile industry, particularly the proposition of the concept of 'carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization', green and environment-friendly non-quenched and tempered steel gradually becomes a hot point of research. The non-quenched and tempered steel can not only omit the quenching and tempering process, but also reduce the deformation and cracking caused by heat treatment, the potential risks such as microcracks caused by quenching and the like, thereby reducing the rejection rate and the correction proportion, greatly reducing the production cost and obviously improving the processing efficiency. However, compared with the quenched and tempered steel such as 42CrMo, the non-quenched and tempered steel has a lower yield strength and a lower toughness, which is a problem of limiting the rapid development of the quenched and tempered steel. Particularly, when a truck passes through a mountain area or a region with poor road conditions such as a gobi desert or the like, the transient load is very large, if the yield strength is low, the deformation of the front axle cannot be completely recovered, and the deformation is accumulated more seriously, so that the performance of the whole truck is seriously affected.
Based on the above, it is imperative to develop a high-strength and high-toughness non-quenched and tempered steel front axle and a production process thereof, which comprehensively replace quenched and tempered steel such as 42CrMo and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-strength non-quenched and tempered steel front axle for heavy-duty automobiles and a production process thereof, which realize that the yield strength of the non-quenched and tempered steel front axle is more than or equal to 900MPa, the toughness is better, the low-temperature impact energy at minus 40 ℃ is more than or equal to 50J, the grain size is more than or equal to 9.0 grade, and the performance requirements of various road conditions on the front axle of a commercial vehicle are met through brand-new chemical component design, optimized alloy adding sequence, proper rolling process and controlled cooling of a quick cooling chamber after forging.
According to one technical scheme, the high-strength non-quenched and tempered steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.10-0.15%, Si: 0.80-1.40%, Mn: 2.40-3.00%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S: 0.020-0.050%, Cr: 0.40-0.80%, V: 0.05 to 0.10%, Nb: 0.040-0.060%, Al: 0.015-0.035%, Ti: 0.010-0.030%, B: 0.0020-0.0040%, O is less than or equal to 0.0015%, N: 0.014-0.020%, H not more than 0.0002% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
According to the second technical scheme of the invention, the production process of the high-strength non-quenched and tempered steel comprises the following steps:
and blowing molten iron through a converter, adding alloy raw materials (added in the tapping process), and then sequentially carrying out the steps of refining, vacuum treatment, continuous casting of a bloom, heating of a heating furnace, dephosphorization, rolling, cooling, cutting to length and round steel to obtain the high-strength non-quenched and tempered steel.
Further, adding ferrotitanium in the converter tapping process after converter blowing is finished; adding alloy raw materials with main aluminum content in the refining process; the vacuum treatment is RH vacuum treatment, the maintaining time of the vacuum degree less than 67Pa is 12-18min, and the circulating gas is nitrogen.
Further, ferrotitanium is added when the converter taps 1/3 after the converter blowing is finished, and the alloy raw material with the main aluminum content is fed in an aluminum wire mode after being refined for 15min, and the feeding time is 16-18 min.
The ferrotitanium is added when the converter taps 1/3 in the converter blowing process to form a large amount of ferrotitaniumTiO 2 The inclusion can inhibit the formation of TiN inclusion and is beneficial to improving the fatigue life of the product.
Further, the heating conditions of the heating furnace are: the heating temperature of the high-temperature section is 1200 ℃ and 1240 ℃, and the heating time is more than or equal to 5 hours; the dephosphorization is high-pressure water dephosphorization; the rolling conditions are as follows: the starting rolling temperature is 1080-1140 ℃, water cooling is carried out before finish rolling, and the rolling finishing temperature is 820-880 ℃; the cooling is that the cooling bed passes quickly and enters a slow cooling pit for slow cooling, the entering pit temperature is 400-550 ℃, and the slow cooling time is more than or equal to 24 hours.
Furthermore, the pit entry temperature is 420-.
According to the third technical scheme, the high-strength non-quenched and tempered steel is applied to the front axle material of the automobile.
The fourth technical scheme of the invention is that the preparation method of the high-strength non-quenched and tempered steel front axle for the heavy-duty automobile comprises the following steps: the high-strength non-quenched and tempered steel is used as a raw material, and the high-strength non-quenched and tempered steel front axle for the heavy-duty automobile is obtained by sequentially carrying out sawing, blanking, induction heating, forging, trimming, correcting, controlled cooling, stacking, machining and inspecting.
Further, the temperature of the high-strength non-quenched and tempered steel after induction heating is 1200-.
Further, the control cooling is carried out in a suspension way in a quick cooling chamber, the temperature of the quick cooling chamber is 860-900 ℃, the temperature of the quick cooling chamber is 400-480 ℃, and the time in the quick cooling chamber is 5-20 min.
Furthermore, the time in the quick cooling chamber is 8-14 min.
According to the fifth technical scheme, the high-strength non-quenched and tempered steel front axle for the heavy-duty automobile is prepared by the preparation method of the high-strength non-quenched and tempered steel front axle for the heavy-duty automobile.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method is characterized in that grain refinement is a means capable of improving strength and toughness, the Ti + Nb + V composite reinforcement can obviously improve strength and increase toughness compared with simple V reinforcement, particularly, the addition of Ti and Nb can obviously inhibit grain coarsening caused by high-temperature forging, but the dissolution temperature of Nb (N, C) is high, long-time high-temperature diffusion is required, and the addition amount of Nb also needs to be searched through a systematic test. The invention ensures the temperature and time of the high-temperature section of the heating furnace and adjusts the addition amount of Nb, so that Nb (N, C) is fully dissolved and diffused, and observation and analysis carried out by a transmission electron microscope find that the problems are finally overcome.
In addition, Ti is liable to form hard angular non-metallic inclusions TiN with N, and particularly, when the Ti content exceeds 0.030%, chain-like TiN inclusions seriously affect the fatigue life of parts in interdendritic or central regions where segregation is severe. In order to overcome the technical problem, the invention limits the addition of ferrotitanium when the converter taps 1/3, and based on the characteristic of strong binding capacity of Ti and O, Ti is added at the moment to preferentially form TiO 2 Thereby greatly reducing the generation amount of TiN and simultaneously forming TiO 2 And the ferrite can be used as the core of intragranular ferrite, so that a large amount of acicular ferrite is induced to generate, grains are refined, the structure is refined, the strength is improved, and the toughness is also improved.
The yield strength of the non-quenched and tempered steel prepared by the invention can be stably controlled to be more than or equal to 900MPa, the low-temperature impact energy at minus 40 ℃ is more than or equal to 50J, the grain size is more than or equal to 9.0 grade, the average value of the fatigue life reaches more than 150 ten thousand times, and the performance requirements of various road conditions on the front axle of a commercial vehicle can be met.
According to the technical scheme, a quenching and tempering process is omitted, the rejection rate caused by quenching cracking is greatly reduced, and potential risks such as microcracks and the like caused by quenching can be completely avoided.
The front shaft prepared from the non-quenched and tempered steel material does not need to be corrected basically any more, and meanwhile, a certain S content is added, so that the machining is facilitated, the machining efficiency is greatly improved, the cost is lower than that of 42CrMo quenched and tempered steel, and the energy-saving and consumption-reducing effects are very obvious.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in the present disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, to the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
Examples 1-6 preparation of non-quenched and tempered steel front axle:
the mass percentage range of the element components is C: 0.10-0.15%, Si: 0.80-1.40%, Mn:
2.40-3.00%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S: 0.020-0.050%, Cr: 0.40-0.80%, V: 0.05 to 0.10%, Nb: 0.040-0.060%, Al: 0.015-0.035%, Ti: 0.010-0.030%, B: 0.0020-0.0040%, O is less than or equal to 0.0015%, N: 0.014-0.020%, H is less than or equal to 0.0002%, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities. (the chemical composition of each example is shown in Table 4).
The production process of the non-quenched and tempered steel front shaft comprises the following steps: molten iron is blown through a converter (adding alloy element raw materials after finishing the blowing → LF furnace refining → RH vacuum treatment → continuous casting bloom → heating furnace heating → high-pressure water dephosphorization → rolling → cooling bed cooling → cutting sizing → round steel → sawing blanking → induction heating → forging → trimming → correction → controlled cooling → stacking cooling → machining → inspection → front axle.
Weighing the following raw materials in percentage by mass: molten iron, scrap steel, silicomanganese, low-carbon ferromanganese, low-carbon ferrochrome, ferrotitanium, ferroniobium, ferrovanadium, lime, fluorite, silicon carbide, aluminum particles and aluminum iron;
the raw material treatment process and conditions before converter blowing of the raw materials are as follows: the temperature of molten iron poured into the converter is more than or equal to 1300 ℃, and silicon-manganese, low-carbon ferromanganese and other alloys need to be heated by coal gas to ensure that the surface is dry and has no moisture;
refining conditions of an LF furnace: lime and fluorite are adopted to produce top slag, silicon carbide and aluminum particles are used for deoxidation, the electrode power is high in the early stage of refining, and the top slag is guaranteed to be melted in 10min, so that white slag (namely top slag) with weak oxidizability is formed as early as possible.
The production process parameters are shown in tables 1-3 (parameters not related in tables 1-3 are conventional operations in the field, and are not described herein);
for converter blowing, ferrotitanium, silicomanganese, low-carbon ferromanganese, low-carbon ferrochrome and the like are added when 1/3 is tapped from the converter, alloys with aluminum content as main components, such as aluminum and iron, are not added in the tapping process of the converter, but are added in a mode of feeding aluminum wires after LF refining is carried out for 15min, ferrovanadium and ferroniobium are added in the LF refining process, the high and stable yield is ensured, and ferroboron is added before RH vacuum treatment is carried out after LF refining is finished.
For RH vacuum treatment, the vacuum degree is less than 67Pa, the retention time is 12-18min, and the circulating gas is nitrogen.
TABLE 1 parameters of the examples in the converter blowing, LF refining and RH vacuum treatment sequence
Heating in a heating furnace, wherein the heating temperature of the high-temperature section is 1200-1240 ℃, the heating time is more than or equal to 5 hours, the rolling temperature of the continuous casting billet is 1080-1140 ℃, water cooling is carried out before finish rolling, the rolling finishing temperature is 820-880 ℃, the cooling bed is too fast, the continuous casting billet enters a slow cooling pit for slow cooling, the pit entry temperature is 400-550 ℃, the slow cooling time is more than or equal to 24 hours, the pit entry temperature is preferably 420-480 ℃, and the slow cooling time is preferably 30-40 hours.
TABLE 2 parameters of the examples in the heating furnace heating and continuous casting billet rolling process
For the processes of forging, trimming and correcting the round steel, the temperature after the induction heating of the round steel is 1200-1260 ℃, the forging starting temperature is 1120-1180 ℃, the forging finishing temperature is 980-1020 ℃, the trimming finishing temperature is 930-980 ℃, and the correcting finishing temperature is 870-920 ℃.
The controlled cooling of the front axle blank is carried out in a quick cooling chamber in a hanging way, the temperature of the quick cooling chamber is 860-900 ℃, the temperature of the quick cooling chamber is 400-480 ℃, the time of the quick cooling chamber is 5-20min, preferably 8-14min, and finally the stacking cooling is carried out in a slow cooling chamber.
TABLE 3 temperature parameters of the examples in round steel forging, trimming, calibration and front axle blank cooling
TABLE 4 chemical composition (in mass%) of examples
| Examples | C/％ | Si/％ | Mn/％ | P/％ | S/％ | Cr/％ | V/％ | Nb/％ |
| 1 | 0.13 | 1.15 | 2.75 | 0.012 | 0.024 | 0.58 | 0.07 | 0.047 |
| 2 | 0.14 | 1.13 | 2.72 | 0.009 | 0.029 | 0.63 | 0.08 | 0.053 |
| 3 | 0.13 | 1.16 | 2.69 | 0.011 | 0.031 | 0.62 | 0.08 | 0.048 |
| 4 | 0.13 | 1.12 | 2.73 | 0.012 | 0.030 | 0.61 | 0.07 | 0.054 |
| 5 | 0.14 | 1.09 | 2.71 | 0.010 | 0.032 | 0.59 | 0.08 | 0.048 |
| 6 | 0.14 | 1.17 | 2.68 | 0.011 | 0.028 | 0.65 | 0.07 | 0.051 |
| Examples | Al/％ | Ti/％ | B/％ | O/％ | N/％ | H/％ | —— | —— |
| 1 | 0.025 | 0.018 | 0.0031 | 0.0009 | 0.0165 | 0.00012 | —— | —— |
| 2 | 0.019 | 0.023 | 0.0026 | 0.0010 | 0.0183 | 0.00011 | —— | —— |
| 3 | 0.028 | 0.024 | 0.0033 | 0.0008 | 0.0191 | 0.00009 | —— | —— |
| 4 | 0.024 | 0.022 | 0.0027 | 0.0007 | 0.0178 | 0.00008 | —— | —— |
| 5 | 0.021 | 0.025 | 0.0025 | 0.0009 | 0.0185 | 0.00010 | —— | —— |
| 6 | 0.026 | 0.021 | 0.0036 | 0.0010 | 0.0176 | 0.00009 | —— | —— |
The performance of the front axle prepared in the above embodiment is tested; the results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 mechanical Properties and fatigue Life of front axle of examples
As can be seen from Table 5, the yield strength of the non-quenched and tempered steel front axle prepared by the invention is all more than or equal to 900MPa, the ductility and toughness are good, the low-temperature impact energy at minus 40 ℃ is all more than or equal to 50J, the grain size is more than or equal to 9.0 grade, the average value of the fatigue life is more than 150 ten thousand times, the average life which far exceeds the requirement of the industry standard is more than or equal to 80 ten thousand times, and the minimum life is more than or equal to 50 ten thousand times, so that the performance requirements of various road conditions on the commercial front axle can be met.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. The high-strength non-quenched and tempered steel is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.10-0.15%, Si: 0.80-1.40%, Mn: 2.40-3.00%, P is less than or equal to 0.015%, S: 0.020-0.050%, Cr: 0.40-0.80%, V: 0.05 to 0.10%, Nb: 0.040-0.060%, Al: 0.015-0.035%, Ti: 0.010-0.030%, B: 0.0020-0.0040%, O is less than or equal to 0.0015%, N: 0.014-0.020%, H is less than or equal to 0.0002%, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. A process for producing a high strength non heat treated steel according to claim 1, comprising: and blowing molten iron through a converter, adding alloy raw materials, and then sequentially carrying out refining, vacuum treatment, continuous casting of a bloom, heating of a heating furnace, dephosphorization, rolling, cooling, cutting to length and round steel to obtain the high-strength non-quenched and tempered steel.
3. The process for producing high-strength non-quenched and tempered steel according to claim 2, wherein ferrotitanium is added during tapping of the converter after completion of blowing in the converter; adding alloy raw materials with main aluminum content in the refining process; the vacuum treatment is RH vacuum treatment, the maintaining time of the vacuum degree less than 67Pa is 12-18min, and the circulating gas is nitrogen.
4. The process for producing high-strength non-quenched and tempered steel according to claim 3, wherein ferrotitanium is added at the time of converter tapping 1/3 after converter blowing is completed, and the alloy raw material mainly containing aluminum is fed by an aluminum wire after refining for 15min for 16-18 min.
5. The process for producing a high-strength non-heat-treated steel according to claim 2, wherein the heating furnace is one of: the heating temperature of the high-temperature section is 1200 ℃ and 1240 ℃, and the heating time is more than or equal to 5 hours; the dephosphorization is high-pressure water dephosphorization; the rolling conditions are as follows: the starting rolling temperature is 1080-1140 ℃, water cooling is carried out before finish rolling, and the rolling finishing temperature is 820-880 ℃; the cooling is that the cooling bed passes quickly and enters a slow cooling pit for slow cooling, the entering pit temperature is 400-550 ℃, and the slow cooling time is more than or equal to 24 hours.
6. Use of the high-strength non-heat-treated steel according to claim 1 as a material for an automobile front axle.
7. The preparation method of the high-strength non-quenched and tempered steel front axle for the heavy-duty automobile is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the high-strength non-quenched and tempered steel front axle for the heavy-duty automobile is obtained by taking the high-strength non-quenched and tempered steel as claimed in claim 1 as a raw material and sequentially carrying out sawing blanking, induction heating, forging, trimming, correcting, controlled cooling, heap cooling, machining and inspecting.
8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the high strength non-quenched and tempered steel is induction heated at a temperature of 1200-1260 ℃, a forging start temperature of 1120-1180 ℃, a forging end temperature of 980-1020 ℃, an edge cutting end temperature of 930-980 ℃, and a calibration end temperature of 870-920 ℃.
9. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the controlled cooling is performed in a fast cooling chamber with a temperature of 860 ℃ and 900 ℃ at the entrance, a temperature of 400 ℃ and 480 ℃ at the exit, and a time of 5-20min in the fast cooling chamber.
10. The high-strength non-quenched and tempered steel front axle for the heavy-duty automobile, prepared by the preparation method of the high-strength non-quenched and tempered steel front axle for the heavy-duty automobile according to any one of claims 7 to 9.
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