CN104805258A - 42CrMo steel fast spheroidizing annealing method - Google Patents
42CrMo steel fast spheroidizing annealing method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a 42CrMo steel fast spheroidizing annealing method and belongs to the technical field of metallurgy. The method comprises the following steps of 1, selecting 42CrMo steel as a hot rolling wire rod, wherein the 42CrMo steel comprises, by weight, 0.38-0.45% of C, 0.17-0.37% of Si, 0.50-0.80% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.030% of S, less than or equal to 0.030% of P, 0.90-1.20% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.25% of Ni, less than or equal to 0.030% of Cu, 0.15-0.25% of Mo and the balance Fe, 2, heating the 42CrMo steel to 816-836 DEG C improved by 20-40 DEG C than Ac3 in heating time of 10-20min and keeping the temperature for 20-30min, 3, cooling the 42CrMo steel subjected to thermal insulation to 601 DEG C reduced by 10 DEG C than Ar1 at a cooling rate of 0.8-4 DEG C/s, and keeping the temperature of 10min, 4, heating the 42CrMo steel to 781-766 DEG C reduced by 15-30 DEG C than Ac3 in heating time of 10-20min and keeping the temperature for 5-7h, and 5, carrying out furnace cooling on the 42CrMo steel re-subjected to thermal insulation to a room temperature so that spheroidizing annealing is finished. The method has the advantages of short thermal insulation time, simple processes, operation convenience, clear principle, obviously reduced hardness after spheroidizing annealing, and fine and uniform carbides.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgical technology field, particularly a kind of method of 42CrMo steel Fast Spheroidizing Annealing.
Background technology
The current production capacity of China's steel industry is seriously superfluous, the 12.9 grades of high-end bolt steels of a large amount of import of China simultaneously, bolting steel as higher in safe classes such as engine cylinder cap bolt, connecting rod bolt, bolt of main bearing cap, bolts of flywheel, this parts are subject to the impact of high-frequency alternating load, work under bad environment, therefore very harsh to index request fatigue lifetime, be a kind of widely used high-end cold-heading product.42CrMo is a kind of typical medium carbon alloy steel, and its hardening capacity is higher, has stronger fatigue strength and impact resistance after modified, and low-temperature impact toughness is good, and without obvious temper brittleness.Therefore, the high-level bolting steel of domestic and international this key position is mainly based on cold heading steels such as 42CrMo.This steel contains certain metallic element Cr, Mo, can significantly improve the intensity of steel, hardness, wear resistance, hardening capacity and thermostrength, needs Spheroidizing Annealing to reduce hardness, intensity, improved plasticity and deformability before bolt is shaping.Disperse, the tiny quality of spherodized structure directly affect nodularization effect, and also need in industrial production can be quick, effective, succinct Process planning flow.
For the annealing process of 42CrMo steel, current published patent is as follows: as CN102329943B patent, disclose a kind of heat treating method of large-scale electroslag smelting cast 42 CrMo steel crankshaft, its object is the bent axle of electroslag casting, object improves blank original structure state and mechanical property, reaches and reduces raw-material blank weight, shortening process for processing cycle; CN101705342B patent, discloses a kind of thermal treatment process improving 42CrMo bearing low-temperature ballistic work, and object can improve low-temperature impact work and the mechanical property thereof of wind power bearing significantly, etc.
At present for the Spheroidizing Annealing technology of iron and steel domain, studying more is GCr15 steel, H
13the Spheroidizing Annealing technology of the steel grades such as steel, Pinion Steel, Cutlery Steel, as CN102382962B patent, discloses a kind of GCr15 Steel Pipe For Bearing Quick spheroidizing annealing technology; ZL200310110486.6 patent, discloses a kind of H
13steel isothermal spheroidizing technique; CN101363077 patent, discloses a kind of isothermal spheroidizing technology of cold precision forging gear blank; CN102382949A patent, discloses a kind of isothermal spheroidizing method of shield cutter steel 5Cr5MoSiV1; ZL200610057536.2 patent, discloses a kind of spheroidal annealing process of deep-punched steel plate for preventing bullet, etc.
Compared with the Controlling Technology invented herein, research object, object are different, and concrete control process is also different.As can be seen here, current no one studied the method for simple, quick, effective Spheroidizing Annealing of 42CrMo steel.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above that existing 42CrMo steel technically exists in Spheroidizing Annealing, the invention provides a kind of method of 42CrMo steel Fast Spheroidizing Annealing, by adjusting the holding temperature of Spheroidizing Annealing, soaking time and rate of temperature fall, improve the Spheroidizing Annealing efficiency of 42CrMo steel, improve Spheroidizing Annealing effect.
The method of a kind of 42CrMo steel of the present invention Fast Spheroidizing Annealing is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) the 42CrMo steel selected is hot rolling wire, its composition is by weight percentage containing C:0.38 ~ 0.45%, Si:0.17 ~ 0.37%, Mn:0.50 ~ 0.80%, S :≤0.030%, P≤0.030%, Cr:0.90 ~ 1.20%, Ni :≤0.25%, Cu :≤0.030, Mo:0.15 ~ 0.25%, surplus is Fe;
(2) 42CrMo steel is warming up to Ac
3above 20 ~ 40 DEG C, namely 816 ~ 836 DEG C, control the heating-up time at 10 ~ 20min, be then incubated 20 ~ 30min;
(3) the 42CrMo steel after insulation is cooled to Ar with the speed of 0.8 ~ 4 DEG C/s
110 DEG C below, namely 601 DEG C, insulation 10min;
(4) again 42CrMo steel is warming up to Ac
315 ~ 30 DEG C below, namely 781 ~ 766 DEG C, control the heating-up time at 10 ~ 20min, and then insulation 5 ~ 7h;
(5) by again insulation after 42CrMo steel cool to room temperature with the furnace, complete Spheroidizing Annealing.
The diameter of selected hot rolling wire is at 5.5 ~ 15mm.
The microtexture of the 42CrMo steel after the Spheroidizing Annealing obtained is that on ferrite, Dispersed precipitate granular carbide, and described granular carbide is spherodized structure, is rated 5 ~ 6 grades.
42CrMo steel after described Spheroidizing Annealing, when room temperature 25 DEG C, 294.2N macroscopical Vickers' hardness during pressure lower maintenance 13s is between 163 ~ 171HV, tensile strength 522 ~ 546Mpa during tension test, yield strength 481 ~ 511Mpa, Young's modulus 209 ~ 225Gpa, relative reduction in area is 75 ~ 82%, elongation after fracture 20 ~ 24%.
Specific embodiment as shown in Figure 1.
For the first time insulating process in step 2, its principle passes through Ac
3more than control holding temperature and soaking time, make the quick austenitizing of 42CrMo steel, because in actual production overlap joint and non-overlapping place histological difference very large, on-the-spot other factors also causes the complicated of tissue, and austenitizing is the tissue in order to be simplification, homogenizing by original complicated weave construction uniform conversion in austenite process of cooling.Controlling heating-up time, holding temperature and soaking time is growing up or producing abnormal grain in order to avoid austenite crystal.Fig. 2, Fig. 3 are gren rod tissue complicated and inconsistent in actual production, and Fig. 2 is mainly ferrite and pearlitic structure, and Fig. 3 is mainly bainite, martensitic stucture, a small amount of ferrite and pearlitic structure.
For the temperature-fall period after the first time insulation in step 3, its principle is the cooling rate by controlling in austenite process of cooling, austenitic transformation is become lower bainite tissue and partial martensite tissue.Because martensite easily makes Carbide Precipitation grow up and form spheroidized carbide when high tempering, under this state, spherodized structure is even, and nodularization speed is very fast, but too high martensite causes hardness higher, causes the threshold value reducing crack initiation, be easy to cracking, so will control martensitic generation, because this steel grade is very responsive to cooling rate, in cooling, martensitic stucture controls≤40%; Lower bainite also easily obtains evenly tiny globular carbide; Because perlite needs long-time heat preservation in Spheroidizing Annealing, the control of cooling rate should avoid perlite, especially the generation of coarse pearlity, and insulation is also difficult to complete nodularization for a long time, and pearlitic spheroidization easily makes carbide gathering in blocks, in heaps; The control of cooling rate also needs the generation avoiding large granular ferrite, and large granular ferrite is in the process of Spheroidizing Annealing, and what carbide was difficult to long distance is diffused into ferrite inside, after causing Spheroidizing Annealing, still exists without cementite or few cementite region.
For the second time insulating process in step 4, its principle is by Ac
3below be incubated for some time, make cementite nodularization gradually, controlled the size of Oxygen potential and spheroidized carburization body by holding temperature, soaking time.
Before technology implementation, the spherodized structure metallograph of 42CrMo steel as shown in Figure 2, can find out that microstructure is ferrite and spheroidized carburization body, and nodulizing grade, in 4-5 level, exists without cementite region and cementite aggregation zone; After technology implementation, the spherodized structure metallograph of 42CrMo steel as shown in Figure 3.
Method of the present invention is passed through at hot stage (816 ~ 836 DEG C) short period of time austenitizing, then strictly cooling rate is controlled, obtain lower bainite tissue and partial martensite tissue, martensitic stucture controls≤40%, avoids the generation of large granular ferrite and coarse pearlity.Control second time by certain temperature again and carry out Spheroidizing Annealing, the Spheroidizing Annealing time of the present invention is short, be easy to control, the granular carbide fine uniform of 42CrMo steel after nodularization, hardness obviously reduces, tissue and mechanical property all can meet follow-up plastic working forming requirements, can carry out tissue prepare for final Quench and temper; Method of the present invention has a good application prospect.
Compared to the prior art the present invention, has following characteristics: 1, the first isothermal platform is at Ac
3above 20 ~ 40 DEG C, complete austenitizing; 2, the first isothermal platform soaking time is short, avoids growing up of austenite crystal; 3, cooling fast after the first isothermal platform insulation, form lower bainite tissue and partial martensite tissue, martensitic stucture controls≤40%, avoids the generation of large granular ferrite and coarse pearlity; 4, whole process of the present invention has needs about 6 ~ 8h altogether; 5, only there are two isothermal platforms in the present invention, and soaking time is short, and flow process is simple, easy to operate, clear principle.
The present invention has following advantages and effect: (1) distribution of carbides is even, and the gathering avoiding carbide occurs.(2) carbide particle is tiny, essentially eliminates corynebacterium, short flaky carbide.(3) appearance of bulk ferritic structure is avoided; (4) all times is shorter, save energy; (5) technique is simple, principle is clear, is convenient to suitability for industrialized production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is specific embodiment schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the spherodized structure metallograph of 42CrMo steel before technology implementation;
Fig. 3 is the spherodized structure metallograph of 42CrMo steel after technology implementation;
Fig. 4 is that the common of gren rod organizes metallograph;
Fig. 5 is the hard phase constitution metallograph in gren rod;
Fig. 6 controls the metallographic structure that cooling rate obtains in the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 7 is the spherodized structure metallograph of the 42CrMo steel in the embodiment of the present invention 1 after Spheroidizing Annealing;
Fig. 8 is the spherodized structure metallograph of the 42CrMo steel in the embodiment of the present invention 2 after Spheroidizing Annealing;
Fig. 9 is the spherodized structure metallograph of the 42CrMo steel in the embodiment of the present invention 3 after Spheroidizing Annealing.
Embodiment
The equipment that in the embodiment of the present invention, Spheroidizing Annealing adopts is the box resistance heading furnace of SX2-6-13D-.
The equipment observing spherodized structure metallograph adopt in the embodiment of the present invention is that the Axio Imager.M2m of Zeiss, Germany company is just putting full-automatic material microscope (Beijing Pu Ruisaisi Instrument Ltd. agency).
Measure hardness in the embodiment of the present invention and adopt 430/450SVDTM macroscopic view Vickers hardness tester.
Measure mechanical stretch in the embodiment of the present invention and adopt SANSCMT5000 electric mechanical experimental machine.
The national standard measuring hardness employing in the embodiment of the present invention is GB/T4340.1-2009.
The national standard measuring nodulizing grade employing in the embodiment of the present invention is JB/T5074-2007 medium and low carbon steel nodularization body ranking method.
The national standard that in the embodiment of the present invention, mechanical stretch adopts is GB/T228-2002.
The rolling technology of the hot rolling wire selected in the embodiment of the present invention carries out according to the following steps:
(1) 42CrMo steel 280mm × 325mm bloom is carried out cogging, in cogging process, cogging heater parameters is: Heating temperature 1080 ~ 1120 DEG C, heat-up time 225 ± 15min, remaining oxygen controls 2.5% ~ 4.5%;
(2) by heating and temperature control in the operation of rolling at 1080 ± 10 DEG C, heat-up time 120min, remaining oxygen controls about 2%, tapping temperature 1080 DEG C;
(3) be rolled by the steel billet after cogging, in the operation of rolling, roughing temperature is 1080 DEG C, and final rolling temperature is 820 DEG C, and laying temperature is 760 DEG C;
(4) roll rear stay-warm case and close cover, on roller-way cooling line, slow cooling is always to 300 ~ 350 DEG C of collection volumes.Roller table speed controls at 0.15m/s.Obtain 42CrMo steel hot rolling wire, its composition is by weight percentage containing C:0.38 ~ 0.45%, Si:0.17 ~ 0.37%, Mn:0.50 ~ 0.80%, S :≤0.030%, P≤0.030%, Cr:0.90 ~ 1.20%, Ni :≤0.25%, Cu :≤0.030, Mo:0.15 ~ 0.25%, surplus is Fe.Tissue is main based on ferrite and perlite, as shown in Figure 4.There is certain bainite structure in non-overlapping place, even a small amount of martensitic stucture sometimes, and the less hard phase constitution of specification is corresponding more, and the original structure at non-overlapping place as shown in Figure 5.
Embodiment 1
(1) Φ 10 hot rolling wire 42CrMo steel is selected, its composition is by weight percentage containing C:0.38 ~ 0.45%, Si:0.17 ~ 0.37%, Mn:0.50 ~ 0.80%, S :≤0.030%, P≤0.030%, Cr:0.90 ~ 1.20%, Ni :≤0.25%, Cu :≤0.030, Mo:0.15 ~ 0.25%, surplus is Fe;
(2) 42CrMo steel is placed in resistance heading furnace, is warming up to 825 DEG C, control the heating-up time at 15min, be then incubated 25min;
(3) after being incubated, be cooled to 601 DEG C with the speed of 2 DEG C/s, insulation 10min, its typical gold phase constitution as shown in Figure 6, is bainite structure and partial martensite tissue, without large-size massive ferritic structure, also without coarse pearlity tissue substantially;
(4) 42CrMo steel is warming up to 775 DEG C, controls the heating-up time at 15min, and then insulation 6h;
(5) by again insulation after 42CrMo steel cool to room temperature with the furnace, complete Spheroidizing Annealing.
By above Comprehensive Control, the particulate state spherical in shape of the carbide after the Spheroidizing Annealing of acquisition, evenly, Dispersed precipitate in the base, without the appearance of bulk ferrite area, the region of also carbides-free gathering, spherodized structure metallograph as shown in Figure 7, is rated 6 grades.42CrMo steel after above-mentioned Spheroidizing Annealing, when room temperature 25 DEG C, macroscopical Vickers' hardness during 294.2N pressure lower maintenance 13s is 163HV, tensile strength 522Mpa during tension test, yield strength 480Mpa, Young's modulus 225Gpa, relative reduction in area is 82%, elongation after fracture 21%.
Embodiment 2
(1) Φ 5.5 hot rolling wire 42CrMo steel is selected, its composition is by weight percentage containing C:0.38 ~ 0.45%, Si:0.17 ~ 0.37%, Mn:0.50 ~ 0.80%, S :≤0.030%, P≤0.030%, Cr:0.90 ~ 1.20%, Ni :≤0.25%, Cu :≤0.030, Mo:0.15 ~ 0.25%, surplus is Fe;
(2) 42CrMo steel is placed in resistance heading furnace, is warming up to 816 DEG C, control the heating-up time at 10min, be then incubated 20min;
(3) after being incubated, 601 DEG C are cooled to the speed of 0.8 DEG C/s, insulation 10min;
(4) 42CrMo steel is warming up to 766 DEG C, controls the heating-up time at 10min, and then insulation 7h;
(5) by again insulation after 42CrMo steel cool to room temperature with the furnace, complete Spheroidizing Annealing.
By above Comprehensive Control, the particulate state spherical in shape of the carbide after the Spheroidizing Annealing of acquisition, evenly, Dispersed precipitate in the base, without the appearance of bulk ferrite area, the region of also carbides-free gathering, spherodized structure metallograph as shown in Figure 8, is rated 6 grades.42CrMo steel after above-mentioned Spheroidizing Annealing, when room temperature 25 DEG C, macroscopical Vickers' hardness during 294.2N pressure lower maintenance 13s is 164HV, tensile strength 525Mpa during tension test, yield strength 480Mpa, Young's modulus 209Gpa, relative reduction in area is 78%, elongation after fracture 20%.
Embodiment 3
(1) Φ 15 hot rolling wire 42CrMo steel is selected, its composition is by weight percentage containing C:0.38 ~ 0.45%, Si:0.17 ~ 0.37%, Mn:0.50 ~ 0.80%, S :≤0.030%, P≤0.030%, Cr:0.90 ~ 1.20%, Ni :≤0.25%, Cu :≤0.030, Mo:0.15 ~ 0.25%, surplus is Fe;
(2) 42CrMo steel is placed in resistance heading furnace, is warming up to 836 DEG C, control the heating-up time at 20min, be then incubated 30min;
(3) after being incubated, 601 DEG C are cooled to the speed of 4 DEG C/s, insulation 10min;
(4) 42CrMo steel is warming up to 781 DEG C, controls the heating-up time at 20min, and then insulation 5h;
(5) by again insulation after 42CrMo steel cool to room temperature with the furnace, complete Spheroidizing Annealing.
By above Comprehensive Control, the particulate state spherical in shape of the carbide after the Spheroidizing Annealing of acquisition, evenly, Dispersed precipitate in the base, without the appearance of bulk ferrite area, the region of also carbides-free gathering, spherodized structure metallograph as shown in Figure 9, is rated 6 grades.42CrMo steel after above-mentioned Spheroidizing Annealing, when room temperature 25 DEG C, macroscopical Vickers' hardness during 294.2N pressure lower maintenance 13s is 171HV, tensile strength 547Mpa during tension test, yield strength 512Mpa, Young's modulus 216Gpa, relative reduction in area is 75%, elongation after fracture 24%.
Claims (4)
1. a method for 42CrMo steel Fast Spheroidizing Annealing, is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
(1) the 42CrMo steel selected is hot rolling wire, its composition is by weight percentage containing C:0.38 ~ 0.45%, Si:0.17 ~ 0.37%, Mn:0.50 ~ 0.80%, S :≤0.030%, P≤0.030%, Cr:0.90 ~ 1.20%, Ni :≤0.25%, Cu :≤0.030, Mo:0.15 ~ 0.25%, surplus is Fe;
(2) 42CrMo steel is warming up to Ac
3above 20 ~ 40 DEG C, namely 816 ~ 836 DEG C, control the heating-up time at 10 ~ 20min, be then incubated 20 ~ 30min;
(3) the 42CrMo steel after insulation is cooled to Ar with the speed of 0.8 ~ 4 DEG C/s
110 DEG C below, namely 601 DEG C, insulation 10min;
(4) again 42CrMo steel is warming up to Ac
315 ~ 30 DEG C below, namely 781 ~ 766 DEG C, control the heating-up time at 10 ~ 20min, and then insulation 5 ~ 7h;
(5) by again insulation after 42CrMo steel cool to room temperature with the furnace, complete Spheroidizing Annealing.
2. the method for a kind of 42CrMo steel Fast Spheroidizing Annealing according to claim 1, is characterized in that the diameter of described hot rolling wire is at 5.5 ~ 15mm.
3. the method for a kind of 42CrMo steel Fast Spheroidizing Annealing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the microtexture of the 42CrMo steel after the Spheroidizing Annealing obtained is the granular carbide of ferrite and Dispersed precipitate, described granular carbide is spherodized structure, is rated 5 ~ 6 grades.
4. the method for a kind of 42CrMo steel Fast Spheroidizing Annealing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the Vickers' hardness of the 42CrMo steel after Spheroidizing Annealing is 163 ~ 171HV, tensile strength 522 ~ 546Mpa during tension test, yield strength 481 ~ 511Mpa, Young's modulus 209 ~ 225Gpa, relative reduction in area is 75 ~ 82%, elongation after fracture 20 ~ 24%.
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| CN106191396A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2016-12-07 | 武汉钢铁股份有限公司 | Cold formability 65Mn hot rolled steel plate Fast Spheroidizing Annealing method |
| CN106498281A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-03-15 | 广西大学 | A kind of high-strength bolt and its processing method |
| CN108950154A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-07 | 洛阳Lyc轴承有限公司 | A kind of annealing process of bearing parts |
| CN109182680A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-01-11 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | A kind of control method of the cold-heading annealing hardness of martensitic stain less steel Bar Wire Product |
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| CN111518997A (en) * | 2020-06-01 | 2020-08-11 | 宁波瑞国精机工业有限公司 | Machining process of anti-skid flange nut |
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| CN114686655A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2022-07-01 | 河北工业大学 | Rapid spheroidizing annealing method for GCr15 steel |
| CN115094208A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-23 | 江苏联峰能源装备有限公司 | Rapid isothermal spheroidizing annealing method for 42CrMoA steel |
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| CN106498281A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-03-15 | 广西大学 | A kind of high-strength bolt and its processing method |
| CN106498281B (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2018-06-19 | 佛山市南海区伟业高强度标准件有限公司 | A kind of high-strength bolt and its processing method |
| CN108950154A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-12-07 | 洛阳Lyc轴承有限公司 | A kind of annealing process of bearing parts |
| CN109182680B (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2020-06-16 | 攀钢集团江油长城特殊钢有限公司 | Method for controlling annealing hardness of martensitic stainless steel rod wire for cold heading |
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| CN114686655B (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2023-12-08 | 河北工业大学 | Rapid spheroidizing annealing method for GCr15 steel |
| CN115094208A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-09-23 | 江苏联峰能源装备有限公司 | Rapid isothermal spheroidizing annealing method for 42CrMoA steel |
| CN115094208B (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2024-04-26 | 江苏联峰能源装备有限公司 | Rapid isothermal spheroidizing annealing method for 42CrMoA steel |
| CN116288013A (en) * | 2023-03-28 | 2023-06-23 | 包头钢铁（集团）有限责任公司 | Preparation method of 42CrMoRE hot rolled round steel for automobile parts |
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Effective date of registration: 20181009 Address after: 056000 north of four street village, Chong Yi, Wuan, Handan, Hebei Patentee after: Wuan Yuhua iron and Steel Co., Ltd. Address before: 056038 199 Guangming South Street, Handan, Hebei. Patentee before: Hebei University of Engineering |