CN103789603A - Ausferrite nodular iron casting with adjustable performance and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Ausferrite nodular iron casting with adjustable performance and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an ausferrite nodular iron casting with an adjustable performance and a manufacturing method thereof, and the ausferrite nodular iron casting and the method are applicable to wear-resisting casting fields of existing casting processes including swage sand covering, a Disa process, sodium silicate-bonded sand and the like. A certain quantity of carbides and graphite nodules are formed in a casting tissue of the iron casting; then an isothermal quenching process is carried out to obtain an ausferrite base body with a good comprehensive mechanic property; the contents of pearlites and the carbides in the base body are greatly adjusted by the mass percent of adding a representative element chromium in heat treatment including a quenching process and the like, so that the enhancement of some performances of the iron casting is greatly adjusted and controlled or the overall performance adaptive with a certain field can be obtained, and furthermore, the aims of pointed design and production, and high applicability of a final product are realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the adjustable iron body nodular iron casting difficult to understand of a kind of performance and manufacture method thereof, belong to material processing field.
Background technology
At present, ironcasting has following features: first, ironcasting is widely used in military, civilian every field as a kind of basic material, this make how to find one possess there is high strength, the material of high tenacity, antifatigue and the over-all properties such as wear-resisting, wear-resistant, become a very important problem.Research in recent years shows, so-called in the microtexture that spheroidal graphite cast iron obtains after austenitizing means of isothermal quenching " bainite ", the bainite that not we see conventionally in steel in fact.Because the bainite in steel is the eutectoid structure that superfine acicular ferrite and carbide are arranged alternately, and matrix in austempored ductile iron is made up of rich carbon austenitic and acicular ferrite, there is no carbide.Although there is good surrender elasticity, impact, intensity and wear resisting property are generally poor, and being not suitable for some needs over-all properties or biases toward wear resistance and the use of the industry of intensity.As varied in the material of manufacturing grinding element, as forging steel ball, ductile iron grinding ball, Chrome metal powder cast grinding ball etc., specification is larger diameter even from 6mm to 150mm also.High-chromium cast grinding element wear resisting property is good, but is not suitable for large-sized grinder, autogenous mill, semi-autogenous mill.Low chromium grinding element wears no resistance, and percentage of damage is high, poor toughness.Forge grinding element, good toughness, wear resistance is poor.For another example liner plate is example, contrasts existing material and all has over-all properties advantage.And for example, forklift bucket tooth needs hard wear resistant, and good toughness meets the application of this technology very much, and the wide market space and rare production capacity are the successes at last of this technology.
The second, current premium casting, realizes the raising of performance mainly with interpolation rare metal, and unnecessary resource is a kind of waste, and cost is high.
The 3rd, current austempering ductile iron technology is relatively simple and single, fails comprehensively to consider the different demands of every field, be difficult to unlike material, or the different product of Chemical Composition difference or Application Areas is accomplished the processing of Performance optimization.1.: be difficult to realize allowing, unlike material performance is convergent, thereby is difficult to the material of selecting cost performance the highest; 2.: be difficult to realize the different performance of identical material, thereby be difficult to realize and draw materials in single situation, multiple performance is selected or multiple performance comprehensive, the market adaptability of widening product performance.
The 4th, at present isothermal quenching nodular cast iron material, only do not use 1-2 first usually with the variation of quenching technology, significantly change material capability, realize easy operability.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to Design of Problems in the background technology adjustable iron body nodular iron casting difficult to understand of a kind of performance and manufacture method thereof, its object is: provide one to be applicable to device for sand coated iron mould, enlightening sand technique, the wear resistance castings field of the existing casting technique such as sodium silicate sand, in ironcasting as-cast structure, form carbide and the graphite pebbles of some amount, then pass through isothermal quenching technique, obtain the good iron body matrix difficult to understand of comprehensive mechanics, and only by the mass percent that to add as chromium be representative element, in thermal treatment as quenching technology etc., significantly regulate perlite in matrix and the content of carbide, reach significantly to regulate and control some aspect hydrodynamics of ironcasting, or obtain the over-all properties that adapts to certain field, thereby the specific aim design that realizes the finished product is produced and the object of high suitability.
The technology of the present invention solution:
The adjustable iron body nodular iron casting difficult to understand of a kind of performance, is characterized in that: the mass percent of its chemical element composition is: all the other are Fe for C:2.8～4.0%, Si:0.2～3.3%, Mn:0～3.6%, Cr:0.2～8%, P:< 0.5%, S:< 0.3%, Mg:0～0.05%, Re:0～0.05%.
The metallographic structure of described ironcasting is mainly made up of iron body difficult to understand, martensite, carbide and graphite pebbles.
The adjustable iron body nodular iron casting manufacture method difficult to understand of a kind of performance, is characterized in that, comprises following processing step:
Step 1, preparation of raw material and melting: being 2.8～4.0%C, 0.2～3.3%Si, 0～3.6%Mn, 0.2～8%Cr, < 0.5%P, < 0.3%S, 0～0.05%Mg, 0～0.05%Re and all the other by the mass percent of element prepares for Fe, the raw material preparing is put into medium-frequency induction furnace, be warming up to whole feed composition fusings, and being smelted into iron body spheroidal graphite cast iron original iron melt difficult to understand, tapping temperature is 1480～1580 ℃;
Step 2, determines applicable spheroidizing, inoculation and casting according to performance requriements: the first step is made to the iron body spheroidal graphite cast iron original iron melt difficult to understand of coming out of the stove, first add-on is the rare earth magnesium nodularizer of iron body spheroidal graphite cast iron original iron melt quality 1.1～2.5% difficult to understand; Secondly add-on be iron body spheroidal graphite cast iron original iron melt quality 0.4～1.0% difficult to understand containing ferrous alloy containing barium and silicon nucleating agent, then nodularization and the good iron body molten ductile cast iron difficult to understand of inoculation are poured in mould at 1320～1400 ℃, pearlite matrix ductile iron grinding ball for containing graphite pebbles and carbide after this iron body spheroidal graphite cast iron original iron melt difficult to understand of handling well is cooling, its carbide content is 1～40% of this abrading-ball total mass;
Step 3, carries out optionally isothermal quenching thermal treatment according to performance requriements: pack the pearlite matrix nodular iron casting that contains graphite pebbles and carbide into process furnace and carry out austenitizing processing, the first stage rises to 300-350 ℃, time 2-3 hour by normal temperature; Subordinate phase is warming up to 500-550 ℃, time 1-2 hour; Phase III is warming up to 650 ℃, time 1-2 hour; Fourth stage is heated to 860～980 ℃, be incubated 1～5 hour, then the temperature of quenching is rapidly that the mass percent concentration of 180～390 ℃ is that 50%NaNO3+ mass percent concentration is in 50%KNO3 nitrate solution or other isothermal quenching agent, 0.3～10 hour hold-time, then take out and in air, be cooled to room temperature, or put into 180～390 ℃ of temperature in the stove slow cooling that has a power failure.
Finally making collective is lower bainite, residual austenite, and martensite, carbide performance possesses the iron body nodular iron casting difficult to understand of height adjustability.
Step 3 can be replaced by following technology generations: pack the pearlite matrix nodular iron casting that contains graphite pebbles and carbide into process furnace and carry out austenitizing processing, the first stage rises to 300-350 ℃, time 2-3 hour by normal temperature; Subordinate phase is warming up to 500-550 ℃, time 1-2 hour; Phase III is warming up to 650 ℃, time 1-2 hour; Fourth stage is heated to 860～980 ℃, be incubated 1～5 hour, then in two steps, carry out 340 ℃～390 ℃ two step isothermal quenching of quenching of 280 ℃ of insulation forming core+high temperature of low temperature, 0.3～10 hour hold-time, then take out and in air, be cooled to room temperature, or put into 180～390 ℃ of temperature in the stove slow cooling that has a power failure.
Thereby matrix is formed and there is the residual austenite that carbon content is higher, and thinning microstructure, when obtaining high strength, high rigidity to improve the comprehensive mechanical property of workpiece, crack growth rate is also slow than traditional isothermal quenching nodular cast iron, finally making collective is lower bainite, residual austenite, martensite, carbide performance possesses the iron body nodular iron casting difficult to understand of height adjustability.
Step 3 can be replaced by following technology generations: pack the pearlite matrix nodular iron casting that contains graphite pebbles and carbide into process furnace and carry out austenitizing processing, the first stage rises to 300-350 ℃, time 2-3 hour by normal temperature; Subordinate phase is warming up to 500-550 ℃, time 1-2 hour; Phase III is warming up to 650 ℃, time 1-2 hour; Fourth stage is heated to 860～980 ℃, be incubated 1～5 hour, then before isothermal quenching, workpiece is heated between As and Az, carry out partial austenitizing, then the temperature of quenching is rapidly that the mass percent concentration of 180～390 ℃ is that 50%NaNO3+ mass percent concentration is in 50%KNO3 nitrate solution or other isothermal quenching agent, 0.3～10 hour hold-time, then take out and in air, be cooled to room temperature, or put into 180～390 ℃ of temperature in the stove slow cooling that has a power failure.
Thereby make to utilize the part proeutectoid ferrite existing in tissue to improve the plasticity and toughness of austempering ductile iron, reduce hardness, improve processing characteristics, but the amplitude that tensile strength, yield strength and bending fatigue strength are reduced is little, finally making collective is lower bainite, residual austenite, martensite, carbide performance possesses the iron body nodular iron casting difficult to understand of height adjustability.
Described step 2 middle-weight rare earths magnesium nodulizer nodulizing agent adopts the mass percent of elementary composition be 5～7%Mg, 1～3%Re, 40～45%Si and all the other for iron or 1-8%Re, 6-10%Mg, 1-4%Ba, 40-48%Si surplus be that iron is made.
In described step 2, to adopt the mass percent of elementary composition be that to be iron make containing ferrous alloy containing barium and silicon for 1～3%Ba, 70～75%Si and all the other to nucleating agent.
Depend on treated material and performance requriements direct heating to 860～980 ℃.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1. the present invention can comprehensively promote the over-all properties of the steel part using in every field, and can, according to the different demands of different industries, the performance of ironcasting be made targetedly and being adjusted, to reach the effect of suiting measures to local conditions.For the reduction labour intensity of national economy, energy-saving and cost-reducing, increase the benefit helpful.
2. reduce the dependence of every field for rare metal alloy foundry goods, protection of the environment, reduces using and wasting of Nonrenewable resources, realizes clean green production operation.
3. the problems such as solve current austempering ductile iron, technical matters is single, simple, and controllability is poor, and specific aim is poor.Finally strive for 1.: make unlike material performance convergent, thereby can select the material that cost performance is the highest, 2.: realize the different performance of identical material, draw materials in single situation thereby realize, multiple performance is selected or multiple performance comprehensive, the market adaptability of widening product performance.
4. only use the variation of 1-2 element and quenching technology, significantly change material capability, realize easy operability.
Embodiment
Embodiment:
First, preparation of raw material and melting: be that C:2.8～4.0%, Si:0.2～3.3%, Mn:0～3.6%, Cr:0.2～8%, P < 0.5%, S < 0.3%, Mg:0～0.05%, Re:0～0.05% and all the other are Fe by the mass percent of element, the raw material preparing is put into medium-frequency induction furnace, be warming up to whole feed composition fusings, and being smelted into iron body spheroidal graphite cast iron original iron melt difficult to understand, tapping temperature is 1480～1580 ℃;
Second, spheroidizing, inoculation and casting: the first step is made to the iron body spheroidal graphite cast iron original iron melt difficult to understand of coming out of the stove and carry out spheroidizing and inoculation, it is Mg:5～7%, Re:1～3%, Si:40～45% and RE-Mg-ferrosilicon alloy that all the other are iron or Re:1-8%, Mg:6-10%, Ba:1-4%, Si:40-48%, Ti etc. that rare earth magnesium nodularizer adopts the mass percent of elementary composition, surplus is iron yttrium base middle-weight rare earths nodulizing agent, and its add-on is 1.1～2.5% of iron body spheroidal graphite cast iron original iron melt quality difficult to understand; It is that Ba:1～3%, Si:70～75% and all the other are iron containing ferrous alloy containing barium and silicon that nucleating agent adopts the mass percent of elementary composition, its add-on is 0.4～1.0% of iron body spheroidal graphite cast iron original iron melt quality difficult to understand, then nodularization and the good iron body molten ductile cast iron difficult to understand of inoculation is poured in mould at 1320～1400 ℃;
The 3rd, isothermal quenching thermal treatment: pack the pearlite matrix nodular iron casting that contains graphite pebbles and carbide into process furnace and carry out austenitizing processing, the first stage rises to 300-350 ℃, time 2-3 hour by normal temperature; Subordinate phase is warming up to 500-550 ℃, time 1-2 hour; Phase III is warming up to 650 ℃, time 1-2 hour; Fourth stage is heated to 860～980 ℃, also can direct heating to 860～980 ℃, (depending on performance requriements) insulation 1～5 hour, then the temperature of quenching is rapidly that the mass percent concentration of 180～390 ℃ is that 50%NaNO3+ mass percent concentration is in 50%KNO3 nitrate solution or other isothermal quenching agent, 0.3～10 hour hold-time, then take out and in air, be cooled to room temperature, or put into 180～390 ℃ of temperature in the stove slow cooling that has a power failure.Finally making collective is lower bainite, residual austenite, and martensite, carbide performance possesses the iron body nodular iron casting difficult to understand of height adjustability.
Manufacture experimently out 1,2,3 sample through three times, and obtain that first to close experimental data as shown in table 1.
Table 1
| Sample | Cr% | Hardness HRC | Impelling strength J/CM2 | Wear-resisting rate m/mg |
| 1 | 0.027 | 46.2 | 28.9 | 0.50 |
| 2 | 1.12 | 58.5 | 10.6 | 1.31 |
| 3 | 3.1 | 62.2 | 5.1 | 1.64 |
To sum up, the present invention accomplishes the end in view.
Claims (8)
1. the adjustable iron body nodular iron casting difficult to understand of performance, it is characterized in that, the mass percent of its chemical element composition is: all the other are Fe for C:2.8～4.0%, Si:0.2～3.3%, Mn:0～3.6%, Cr:0.2～8%, P:< 0.5%, S:< 0.3%, Mg:0～0.05%, Re:0～0.05%.
2. the adjustable iron body nodular iron casting difficult to understand of a kind of performance according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the metallographic structure of described ironcasting is mainly made up of iron body difficult to understand, martensite, carbide and graphite pebbles.
3. the adjustable iron body nodular iron casting manufacture method difficult to understand of performance, is characterized in that, comprises following processing step:
Step 1, preparation of raw material and melting: being 2.8～4.0%C, 0.2～3.3%Si, 0～3.6%Mn, 0.2～8%Cr, < 0.5%P, < 0.3%S, 0～0.05%Mg, 0～0.05%Re and all the other by the mass percent of element prepares for Fe, the raw material preparing is put into medium-frequency induction furnace, be warming up to whole feed composition fusings, and being smelted into iron body spheroidal graphite cast iron original iron melt difficult to understand, tapping temperature is 1480～1580 ℃;
Step 2, determines spheroidizing, inoculation and casting according to performance requriements: the first step is made to the iron body spheroidal graphite cast iron original iron melt difficult to understand of coming out of the stove, first add-on is the rare earth magnesium nodularizer of iron body spheroidal graphite cast iron original iron melt quality 1.1～2.5% difficult to understand; Secondly add-on be iron body spheroidal graphite cast iron original iron melt quality 0.4～1.0% difficult to understand containing ferrous alloy containing barium and silicon nucleating agent, then nodularization and the good iron body molten ductile cast iron difficult to understand of inoculation are poured in mould at 1320～1400 ℃, pearlite matrix ductile iron grinding ball for containing graphite pebbles and carbide after this iron body spheroidal graphite cast iron original iron melt difficult to understand of handling well is cooling, its carbide content is 1～40% of this abrading-ball total mass;
Step 3, carries out optionally isothermal quenching thermal treatment according to performance requriements: pack the pearlite matrix nodular iron casting that contains graphite pebbles and carbide into process furnace and carry out austenitizing processing, the first stage rises to 300-350 ℃, time 2-3 hour by normal temperature; Subordinate phase is warming up to 500-550 ℃, time 1-2 hour; Phase III is warming up to 650 ℃, time 1-2 hour; Fourth stage is heated to 860～980 ℃, be incubated 1～5 hour, then the temperature of quenching is rapidly that the mass percent concentration of 180～390 ℃ is that 50%NaNO3+ mass percent concentration is in 50%KNO3 nitrate solution or other isothermal quenching agent, 0.3～10 hour hold-time, then take out and in air, be cooled to room temperature, or put into 180～390 ℃ of temperature in the stove slow cooling that has a power failure.
4. the adjustable iron body nodular iron casting manufacture method difficult to understand of a kind of performance according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in described step 2 nodulizing agent to adopt the mass percent of elementary composition be 5～7%Mg, 1～3%Re, 40～45%Si and all the other for iron or 1-8%Re, 6-10%Mg, 1-4%Ba, 40-48%Si surplus be that iron is made.
5. the adjustable iron body nodular iron casting manufacture method difficult to understand of a kind of performance according to claim 3, is characterized in that: in described step 2, to adopt the mass percent of elementary composition be that to be iron make containing ferrous alloy containing barium and silicon for 1～3%Ba, 70～75%Si and all the other to nucleating agent.
6. the adjustable iron body nodular iron casting manufacture method difficult to understand of a kind of performance according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: step 3 can be replaced by following technology generations: pack the pearlite matrix nodular iron casting that contains graphite pebbles and carbide into process furnace and carry out austenitizing processing, the first stage rises to 300-350 ℃, time 2-3 hour by normal temperature; Subordinate phase is warming up to 500-550 ℃, time 1-2 hour; Phase III is warming up to 650 ℃, time 1-2 hour; Fourth stage is heated to 860～980 ℃, be incubated 1～5 hour, then in two steps, carry out 340 ℃～390 ℃ two step isothermal quenching of quenching of 280 ℃ of insulation forming core+high temperature of low temperature, 0.3～10 hour hold-time, then take out and in air, be cooled to room temperature, or put into 180～390 ℃ of temperature in the stove slow cooling that has a power failure.
7. the adjustable iron body nodular iron casting manufacture method difficult to understand of a kind of performance according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: step 3 can be replaced by following technology generations: pack the pearlite matrix nodular iron casting that contains graphite pebbles and carbide into process furnace and carry out austenitizing processing, the first stage rises to 300-350 ℃, time 2-3 hour by normal temperature; Subordinate phase is warming up to 500-550 ℃, time 1-2 hour; Phase III is warming up to 650 ℃, time 1-2 hour; Fourth stage is heated to 860～980 ℃, be incubated 1～5 hour, then before isothermal quenching, workpiece is heated between As and Az, carry out partial austenitizing, then the temperature of quenching is rapidly that the mass percent concentration of 180～390 ℃ is that 50%NaNO3+ mass percent concentration is in 50%KNO3 nitrate solution or other isothermal quenching agent, 0.3～10 hour hold-time, then take out and in air, be cooled to room temperature, or put into 180～390 ℃ of temperature in the stove slow cooling that has a power failure.
8. according to the adjustable iron body nodular iron casting manufacture method difficult to understand of a kind of performance described in claim 3,6 or 7 any one, it is characterized in that: directly carry out fourth stage and be heated to 860～980 ℃ according to processing material and performance requriements, be incubated 1～5 hour.
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