CN111154952A - Isothermal heat treatment process for high-wear-resistance loader bucket parts - Google Patents
Isothermal heat treatment process for high-wear-resistance loader bucket parts Download PDFInfo
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- CN111154952A CN111154952A CN202010044923.2A CN202010044923A CN111154952A CN 111154952 A CN111154952 A CN 111154952A CN 202010044923 A CN202010044923 A CN 202010044923A CN 111154952 A CN111154952 A CN 111154952A
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- parts
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- loader bucket
- bucket
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
- C21D1/20—Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/60—Aqueous agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Abstract
The invention discloses an isothermal heat treatment process for parts of a high-wear-resistance loader bucket, which comprises the following steps: preparing a salt bath composition by taking nitrate and water as raw materials, preserving the heat of parts of a loader bucket for 15-35 min at 850-980 ℃ to ensure that the parts are completely austenitized, taking out the parts, quickly putting the parts into a constant-temperature salt bath composition at 250-400 ℃ to preserve the heat for 20-40 min, carrying out isothermal quenching treatment to form a bainite tissue, taking out the bainite tissue, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain the finished product. Under the action of fine grains and phase change reinforcement, the strength and toughness of parts of the loader bucket after heat treatment are greatly improved, the wear resistance is obviously improved, the service life of the loader bucket is prolonged, and the isothermal heat treatment process is simple and easy to control, low in cost, high in production efficiency and suitable for industrial popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical part heat treatment, and particularly relates to an isothermal heat treatment process for bucket parts of a high-wear-resistance loader.
Background
The bucket teeth and the cutting board are one of main abrasion parts of large excavators and loaders, the required quantity of the bucket teeth and the cutting board is increased along with the continuous increase of the using quantity of the excavators and the loaders in large-scale engineering construction in China, but the bucket teeth and the cutting board are easily abraded by serious abrasive materials due to the fact that the bucket teeth and the cutting board are directly contacted with sand, soil, rocks, coal and minerals in the working process, and the consumption is very large. According to statistics, the current serving 2m of China3The large-scale ore excavator is 2000-2500, the direct economic loss of the bucket teeth and the cutting plates reaches about 3000 ten thousand yuan per year, meanwhile, the bucket teeth and the cutting plates are easy to break, the phenomenon of non-wear resistance seriously affects the working efficiency of the loader, and the quality and the service life of the loader greatly affect the market application.
At present, Guangxi Yuchai machine corporation, Inc. selects an excavator bucket tooth to perform trial-manufacture tests, develops a novel carbide isothermal quenched ductile iron (CADI) metal material, and can be used for manufacturing parts which require high strength, higher fatigue performance and certain toughness and good wear resistance. A bucket tooth technical team of Guangxi willow work mechanical products Co., Ltd uses a microalloying technology for a bucket tooth material, develops a multi-element composite microalloying bucket tooth wear-resistant material and provides a heat treatment process matched with the multi-element composite microalloying bucket tooth wear-resistant material. After the new material bucket tooth is successfully manufactured in a trial mode, the new material bucket tooth and the Kate bucket tooth are subjected to the same operation life test, the wear-resisting life of the new material bucket tooth is the same as that of the Kate bucket tooth, the selling price of the Kate bucket tooth is 8-10 times that of the Kate bucket tooth, and the economic cost is greatly reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a cutter plate, a bucket tooth, and other parts having high wear resistance for use in a loader.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defect that the wear resistance of a cutting board and bucket teeth of a loader bucket is insufficient under severe working conditions in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an isothermal heat treatment process for high-wear-resistance loader bucket parts.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the aim of the invention is as follows:
the isothermal heat treatment process for the parts of the high-wear-resistance loader bucket comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing salt bath compositions with different melting points by taking nitrate and water as raw materials according to the material components and the proportion of parts of a loader bucket;
(2) preserving the heat of the loader bucket parts at 850-980 ℃ for 15-35 min to completely austenitize the loader bucket parts;
(3) taking out the parts completely austenitized in the step (2), quickly putting the parts into the constant-temperature salt bath composition at the temperature of 250-400 ℃ in the step (1), preserving the heat for 20-40 min, and carrying out isothermal quenching treatment to form a bainite structure;
(4) taking out, and cooling to room temperature.
In the technical scheme, the loader bucket parts subjected to isothermal heat treatment are subjected to fine grain effect and phase transformation strengthening, the whole loader bucket parts mainly comprise mixed phases of bainite and tempered martensite, and all the phases are in a non-parallel arrangement state.
Further, the salt bath composition consists of 99-99.9 wt% of nitrate and 0.1-1 wt% of water. In certain preferred embodiments, the nitrate salt is selected from KNO3、NaNO3、NaNO2、NaNO3And NaNO2The mass ratio is 19: 1 mixture, NaNO3And KNO3The mass ratio is 1: 1 of a mixture ofOne kind of (1).
In any of the above embodiments, the loader bucket component is fully austenitized by holding the loader bucket component at 920 ℃ for 20min, and/or the fully austenitized component is tempered in a 300 ℃ constant temperature salt bath composition for 30min to form a bainite structure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the workpiece obtained through isothermal quenching treatment has small deformation, does not have quenching cracks, can obtain good toughness, has higher hardness and strength, obviously improves the wear resistance, solves the problem of low wear resistance of the parts of the traditional loader bucket, and greatly prolongs the service life of the parts.
(2) The high-wear-resistance loader bucket part heat treatment process is few, simple to operate, low in cost, high in production efficiency and suitable for industrial application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is XRD patterns of loader bucket components of example 1 before (top) and after (bottom) heat treatment.
FIG. 2 is a metallographic structure diagram of parts of a loader bucket in example 1 before and after heat treatment; wherein, fig. 2(a) is the metallographic structure morphology before heat treatment, and fig. 2(b) is the metallographic structure morphology after heat treatment.
FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional profile of wear scars before (a) and after (b) heat treatment of loader bucket parts in example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the drawing, which are intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention in any way.
In the following examples, to characterize the performance of the prepared loader bucket components, the prepared samples were characterized using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and a metallographic microscope, while measuring the wear rate of the samples.
Example 1
Carrying out isothermal quenching heat treatment on the loader bucket part to obtain the high-wear-resistance loader bucket part consisting of a mixed phase of bainite and tempered martensite, and specifically comprising the following steps of:
keeping the temperature of loader bucket parts at 920 ℃ for 20min to ensure that the loader bucket parts are completely austenitized, taking out the loader bucket parts, quickly putting the loader bucket parts into a constant-temperature salt bath composition at 300 ℃ for heat preservation for 30min, carrying out isothermal quenching treatment to form a bainite structure, taking out, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain the loader bucket parts, wherein the salt bath composition is prepared from 99.88 wt.% of NaNO3And KNO3The mass ratio is 1: 1 and 0.12 wt.% water.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the prepared loader bucket component sample is characterized by an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and a metallographic microscope, and the material spectral lines before and after heat treatment are basically the same, which indicates that the heat treatment has little influence on the material components; FIG. 2(a) shows the metallographic structure before heat treatment, and it can be seen that the grain structure is very coarse; FIG. 2(b) shows the metallographic structure after heat treatment, which shows that the grain size after heat treatment is significantly refined, a mixed phase of bainite and tempered martensite appears, the martensite is in the form of lath, and laths have different orientations.
Meanwhile, the abrasion rates of parts of the loader bucket before and after heat treatment are tested, the three-dimensional appearance of the corresponding grinding mark is shown in FIG. 3, and the results show that: the wear rate of the loader bucket parts before heat treatment is 0.0094%, the wear rate after heat treatment is 0.0047%, and the wear resistance of the loader bucket parts can be obviously improved by isothermal heat treatment.
Example 2
In this example, the salt bath composition was made up of 99.9% NaNO3And 0.1% of water, and the other preparation conditions were exactly the same as in example 1. The abrasion rate of parts of the loader bucket before and after heat treatment is tested, and the results show that: the wear rate of the loader bucket parts before heat treatment is 0.0094%, the wear rate after heat treatment is 0.0061%, and the wear resistance of the loader bucket parts can be obviously improved by isothermal heat treatment.
Example 3
In this example, the salt bath composition consisted of 99.9% KNO3And 0.1% of water, the other preparation conditions were exactly the same as in example 1. The abrasion rate of parts of the loader bucket before and after heat treatment is tested, and the results show that: the wear rate of the loader bucket parts before heat treatment is 0.0094%, the wear rate after heat treatment is 0.0058%, and the wear resistance of the loader bucket parts can be obviously improved by isothermal heat treatment.
Example 4
In this example, the salt bath composition was made up of 99 wt.% NaNO3And KNO3The mass ratio is 1: 1 and 1 wt.% of water, and the other preparation conditions were exactly the same as in example 1. The abrasion rate of parts of the loader bucket before and after heat treatment is tested, and the results show that: the wear rate of the loader bucket parts before heat treatment is 0.0094%, the wear rate after heat treatment is 0.0067%, and the wear resistance of the loader bucket parts can be obviously improved by isothermal heat treatment.
Example 5
In this example, the heating temperature for complete austenitizing the loader bucket components was 980 ℃, and the other preparation conditions were exactly the same as those in example 1. The abrasion rate of parts of the loader bucket before and after heat treatment is tested, and the results show that: the wear rate of the loader bucket parts before heat treatment is 0.0094%, the wear rate after heat treatment is 0.0055%, and the wear resistance of the loader bucket parts can be obviously improved by isothermal heat treatment.
Example 6
In this example, the heating temperature for complete austenitizing the loader bucket components was 850 ℃, and the other preparation conditions were exactly the same as those in example 1. The abrasion rate of parts of the loader bucket before and after heat treatment is tested, and the results show that: the wear rate of the loader bucket parts before heat treatment is 0.0094%, the wear rate after heat treatment is 0.0071%, and the wear resistance of the loader bucket parts can be obviously improved by isothermal heat treatment.
Example 7
In this example, the constant temperature salt bath temperature was 250 ℃, and other preparation conditions were exactly the same as in example 1. The abrasion rate of parts of the loader bucket before and after heat treatment is tested, and the results show that: the wear rate of the loader bucket parts before heat treatment is 0.0094%, the wear rate after heat treatment is 0.0078%, and the wear resistance of the loader bucket parts can be obviously improved by isothermal heat treatment.
Example 8
In this example, the constant temperature salt bath temperature was changed to 400 ℃, and other preparation conditions were exactly the same as in example 1. The abrasion rate of parts of the loader bucket before and after heat treatment is tested, and the results show that: the wear rate of the loader bucket parts before heat treatment is 0.0094%, the wear rate after heat treatment is 0.0053%, and the wear resistance of the loader bucket parts can be obviously improved by isothermal heat treatment.
Example 9
In this example, the constant temperature salt bath heat preservation time was 20min, and other preparation conditions were completely the same as in example 1. The abrasion rate of parts of the loader bucket before and after heat treatment is tested, and the results show that: the wear rate of the loader bucket parts before heat treatment is 0.0094%, the wear rate after heat treatment is 0.0062%, and the wear resistance of the loader bucket parts can be obviously improved by isothermal heat treatment.
Example 10
In this example, the constant temperature salt bath heat preservation time was 40min, and other preparation conditions were completely the same as in example 1. The abrasion rate of parts of the loader bucket before and after heat treatment is tested, and the results show that: the wear rate of the loader bucket parts before heat treatment is 0.0094%, the wear rate after heat treatment is 0.0059%, and the wear resistance of the loader bucket parts can be obviously improved by isothermal heat treatment.
In conclusion, the treated high-wear-resistance loader bucket part fully exerts the advantages that a workpiece obtained in isothermal quenching has small deformation and does not have quenching cracks, and the workpiece has good toughness and higher hardness and strength, the main component of the high-wear-resistance loader bucket part is composed of a mixed phase of bainite and tempered martensite, the problem of low wear resistance of the traditional loader bucket is solved, and the service life is obviously prolonged. Meanwhile, the isothermal heat treatment process is simple, few in process flow, low in cost, high in production efficiency and suitable for industrial production.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. An isothermal heat treatment process for parts of a high-wear-resistance loader bucket is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a salt bath composition by taking nitrate and water as raw materials;
(2) preserving the heat of the loader bucket parts at 850-980 ℃ for 15-35 min to completely austenitize the loader bucket parts;
(3) taking out the parts completely austenitized in the step (2), quickly putting the parts into the constant-temperature salt bath composition at the temperature of 250-400 ℃ in the step (1), preserving the heat for 20-40 min, and carrying out isothermal quenching treatment to form a bainite structure;
(4) taking out, and cooling to room temperature.
2. The isothermal heat treatment process for the bucket component of claim 1, wherein the loader bucket component is subjected to isothermal heat treatment to form a mixed phase structure consisting of bainite and tempered martensite, and the phases are arranged in a non-parallel state.
3. The isothermal heat treatment process for a bucket part of claim 1, wherein the salt bath composition consists of 99 to 99.9 wt% of a salt and 0.1 to 1 wt% of water.
4. Isothermal heat treatment process for bucket components according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the nitrate is chosen from KNO3、NaNO3、NaNO2、NaNO3And NaNO2The mass ratio is 19: 1, a mixture of,NaNO3And KNO3The mass ratio is 1: 1.
5. Isothermal heat treatment process for bucket parts according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the loader bucket parts are fully austenitized by holding at 920 ℃ for 20 min.
6. Isothermal heat treatment process of parts of the bucket according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the fully austenitized parts being austempered in a constant temperature salt bath composition at 300 ℃ for 30min to form a bainite structure.
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| CN202010044923.2A CN111154952A (en) | 2020-01-16 | 2020-01-16 | Isothermal heat treatment process for high-wear-resistance loader bucket parts |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111575586A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-25 | 唐山冶金锯片有限公司 | Steel for hard alloy tooth circular saw blade and heat treatment method thereof |
| CN113215376A (en) * | 2021-04-28 | 2021-08-06 | 徐工集团工程机械股份有限公司科技分公司 | Loader bucket tooth and heat treatment method thereof |
| CN116377189A (en) * | 2023-03-02 | 2023-07-04 | 徐州徐工矿业机械有限公司 | Heat treatment method of wear-resistant bucket teeth for oversized excavator |
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| CN116377189A (en) * | 2023-03-02 | 2023-07-04 | 徐州徐工矿业机械有限公司 | Heat treatment method of wear-resistant bucket teeth for oversized excavator |
| CN116377189B (en) * | 2023-03-02 | 2023-10-20 | 徐州徐工矿业机械有限公司 | Heat treatment method of wear-resistant bucket teeth for oversized excavator |
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Application publication date: 20200515 |