CN111471838A - High-strength and high-toughness spring steel and heat treatment process thereof - Google Patents

High-strength and high-toughness spring steel and heat treatment process thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111471838A
CN111471838A CN202010417845.6A CN202010417845A CN111471838A CN 111471838 A CN111471838 A CN 111471838A CN 202010417845 A CN202010417845 A CN 202010417845A CN 111471838 A CN111471838 A CN 111471838A
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spring steel
strength
heat treatment
temperature
treatment process
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杜芳芳
朱海亚
余超
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Jiangsu Soviet Peak Industry Co ltd
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Jiangsu Soviet Peak Industry Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of spring steel metallurgy, and particularly relates to high-strength and high-toughness spring steel and a heat treatment process thereof. The high-strength high-toughness spring steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.34-0.49%, Si: 1.00-2.80%, Mn: 0.60-1.50%, Cr: 0.50-2.0%, P: 0.006-0.008% of S: 0.002-0.005%, Ni: 0.1-0.5%, Mo: 0.05-0.5%, V: 0.05-0.20%, Al: 0.015-0.035%, N: 0.0035 to 0.0065%, Ni: 0.0005-0.01%, rare earth trace elements: 0.23-0.25%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. Reversible rolling and low-temperature tempering are mainly adopted in the heat treatment process; fully continuous rolling and warm tempering treatment; and (5) water-cooling finish rolling. The high-strength and high-toughness spring steel prepared by the method is mainly suitable for production and processing of high-strength and high-toughness spring steel products, such as manufacturing of spring parts with high design stress and long fatigue life. The invention has reasonable component design and simple processing method, and can be directly used for industrialized large-scale production.

Description

High-strength and high-toughness spring steel and heat treatment process thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of spring steel metallurgy, and particularly relates to high-strength and high-toughness spring steel and a heat treatment process thereof.
Background
The working environment of the spring is various and complex, and the spring mainly bears various stress effects of periodic bending, torsion, tension and compression, impact extrusion and the like in the using process, and the stress condition is also very complex. In addition, it is subject to corrosion in open air, wet areas. Therefore, the spring steel has many requirements on performance, and not only is high in hardenability and low in decarburization sensitivity required, but also requires excellent comprehensive mechanical properties including higher fatigue resistance, anti-elastic degradation performance, delayed fracture resistance and the like.
The research on high-strength spring steel materials is more and more focused. The development trend of the current high-strength spring steel is clear, and the high-strength spring steel mainly has two aspects, namely, micro-alloying elements such as Nb and V are added in the aspect of component design; and secondly, the processing method and the heat treatment process are improved on the basis of basically unchanging components of the existing steel grade.
As an important vibration damping and functional component, springs are widely used in the fields of social production and daily life. With the improvement of science and technology and the increasing improvement of manufacturing level, various industries put forward higher requirements on spring performance, and according to the actual application requirements of the market, the continuous improvement of the toughness of spring steel becomes a problem which is always concerned in the field of steel.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the requirements of the prior art, the invention provides the high-strength and high-toughness spring steel and the heat treatment process thereof from the two aspects of steel components and the heat treatment process, and the spring steel has the strength of more than 2100MPa and also has good plastic toughness, elasticity and fatigue resistance.
The present invention achieves the above-described object by the following technical means.
The high-strength high-toughness spring steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.34-0.49%, Si: 1.00-2.80%, Mn: 0.60-1.50%, Cr: 0.50-2.0%, P: 0.006-0.008% of S: 0.002-0.005%, Ni: 0.1-0.5%, Mo: 0.05-0.5%, V: 0.05-0.20%, Al: 0.015-0.035%, N: 0.0035 to 0.0065%, Ni: 0.0005-0.01%, rare earth trace elements: 0.23-0.25%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Further, the high-strength and high-toughness spring steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.4%, Si: 1.5%, Mn: 0.8%, Cr: 1.2%, P: 0.007%, S: 0.0035%, Ni: 0.3%, Mo: 0.25%, V: 0.16%, Al: 0.025%, N: 0.0045%, Ni: 0.002%, rare earth trace elements: 0.24%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The invention also provides a heat treatment process:
(1) after the hard material is formed by cold working, reversibly rolling the hard material at 1150-1200 ℃ for 7-8 hours, and then performing low-temperature tempering treatment at 250-500 ℃;
the reversible rolling can fully dissolve the carbonitride in the steel, and the slow strain rate is controlled during hot working, namely the rolling rate of the reversible rolling mill is reduced, so that the acting time of the rolling mill on the blank is prolonged, the rolling mill continuously acts on the cladding for a long time, the precipitation probability of the carbonitride nano-scale particles is improved, the coarsening effect of the carbonitride nano-scale particles is fully exerted, and the refined grain structure is ensured to be obtained. In addition, the diffusion of alloy elements can be further promoted by high-temperature heating, and the higher component uniformity is ensured.
(2) Rolling the material obtained in the step (1) at 900-1000 ℃ for 2-3 hours in a fully continuous manner, then directly cooling and hardening, and then carrying out low-temperature tempering treatment at 250-500 ℃;
the full continuous rolling can avoid the generation of austenite grains from coarsening and growing.
(3) And (3) controlling cooling: and controlling the finish rolling temperature by adopting water cooling to ensure that the finish rolling temperature is 800-850 ℃.
And water cooling to inhibit the recrystallization austenite grains from coarsening, and finally obtaining a fine grain structure.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the conventional spring steel has various defects in oil quenching, and the defects are avoided without adopting an oil quenching medium, so that the manufacturing cost can be greatly reduced on the aspects of saving energy and simplifying the working procedure, and the economic benefit is obtained.
(2) The high-strength and high-toughness spring steel is obtained through reasonable component design and a heat treatment process, and is mainly suitable for production and processing of high-strength and high-toughness spring steel products, such as manufacturing of spring parts with high design stress and long fatigue life.
(3) The invention has reasonable component design and simple processing method, and can be directly used for industrialized large-scale production.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The high-strength high-toughness spring steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.34%, Si: 1.00%, Mn: 0.60%, Cr: 0.50%, P: 0.006%, S: 0.002%, Ni: 0.1%, Mo: 0.05%, V: 0.05%, Al: 0.015%, N: 0.0035%, Ni: 0.0005%, rare earth trace elements: 0.23%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The adopted heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) after the hard material is formed by cold working, reversibly rolling for 8 hours at 1150 ℃, and then carrying out low-temperature tempering treatment at 250 ℃;
(2) rolling the material obtained in the step (1) at 900 ℃ for 3 hours in a full-continuous manner, then directly cooling and hardening, and then carrying out low-temperature tempering treatment at 250 ℃;
(3) and (3) controlling cooling: and controlling the finish rolling temperature by adopting water cooling to ensure that the finish rolling temperature is 800 ℃.
Example 2
The high-strength high-toughness spring steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.49%, Si: 2.80%, Mn: 1.50%, Cr: 2.0%, P: 0.008%, S: 0.005%, Ni: 0.5%, Mo: 0.5%, V: 0.20%, Al: 0.035%, N: 0.0065%, Ni: 0.01%, rare earth trace elements: 0.25%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The adopted heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) after the hard material is formed by cold processing, reversibly rolling for 7 hours at 1200 ℃, and then carrying out low-temperature tempering treatment at 500 ℃;
(2) rolling the material obtained in the step (1) at 1000 ℃ for 2 hours in a full-continuous manner, then directly cooling and hardening, and then carrying out low-temperature tempering treatment at 500 ℃;
(3) and (3) controlling cooling: and controlling the finish rolling temperature by adopting water cooling to ensure that the finish rolling temperature is 850 ℃.
Example 3
The high-strength high-toughness spring steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.4%, Si: 1.5%, Mn: 0.8%, Cr: 1.2%, P: 0.007%, S: 0.0035%, Ni: 0.3%, Mo: 0.25%, V: 0.16%, Al: 0.025%, N: 0.0045%, Ni: 0.002%, rare earth trace elements: 0.24%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The adopted heat treatment process comprises the following steps:
(1) after the hard material is formed by cold working, reversibly rolling the hard material for 7.5 hours at 1180 ℃, and then performing low-temperature tempering treatment at 400 ℃;
(2) rolling the material obtained in the step (1) at 950 ℃ for 2.5 hours in a full-continuous manner, then directly cooling and hardening, and then carrying out low-temperature tempering treatment at 400 ℃;
(3) and (3) controlling cooling: and controlling the finish rolling temperature by adopting water cooling to ensure that the finish rolling temperature is 825 ℃.
Tensile strength/MPa Spring stress/MPa Fatigue life/time Torsional creep strain after 24 hours
Example 1 2105 1020 6.0*105 1280*10-6
Example 2 2115 1080 6.5*105 1150*10-6
Example 3 2150 1100 7.0*105 1300*10-6
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any obvious improvements, substitutions or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. The high-strength high-toughness spring steel is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.34-0.49%, Si: 1.00-2.80%, Mn: 0.60-1.50%, Cr: 0.50-2.0%, P: 0.006-0.008% of S: 0.002-0.005%, Ni: 0.1-0.5%, Mo: 0.05-0.5%, V: 0.05-0.20%, Al: 0.015-0.035%, N: 0.0035 to 0.0065%, Ni: 0.0005-0.01%, rare earth trace elements: 0.23-0.25%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. The high-toughness spring steel according to claim 1, wherein the composition and mass percentage are: c: 0.4%, Si: 1.5%, Mn: 0.8%, Cr: 1.2%, P: 0.007%, S: 0.0035%, Ni: 0.3%, Mo: 0.25%, V: 0.16%, Al: 0.025%, N: 0.0045%, Ni: 0.002%, rare earth trace elements: 0.24%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
3. The heat treatment process of high-toughness spring steel according to claim 1,
(1) after the hard material is formed by cold processing, reversible rolling is firstly adopted, and then low-temperature tempering treatment is carried out;
(2) carrying out full-continuous rolling on the material obtained in the step (1), directly cooling and hardening, and then carrying out low-temperature tempering treatment;
(3) and (3) controlling cooling: and controlling the finish rolling temperature by adopting water cooling.
4. The heat treatment process of high strength and toughness spring steel as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the temperature of the reversible rolling is 1150-1200 ℃, and the time is 7-8 hours; the temperature of the low-temperature tempering treatment is 250-500 ℃.
5. The heat treatment process of high strength and toughness spring steel as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step (2), the temperature of 900-1000 ℃ full continuous rolling is 2-3 hours, and the temperature of low temperature tempering treatment is 250-500 ℃.
6. The heat treatment process of high toughness spring steel as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step (3), the finish rolling temperature is controlled to 800-.
CN202010417845.6A 2020-05-18 2020-05-18 High-strength and high-toughness spring steel and heat treatment process thereof Pending CN111471838A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114875327A (en) * 2022-05-25 2022-08-09 湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司 High-strength high-toughness spring flat steel and production method thereof
CN114875326A (en) * 2022-05-21 2022-08-09 湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司 Production method of flat spring steel

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1350070A (en) * 2001-10-16 2002-05-22 黎业生 High-stress low-carbon martensitic spring steel 35Si2CrVB and its production process
CN103484781A (en) * 2013-09-26 2014-01-01 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 High-strength and high-toughness spring steel and manufacturing method thereof
CN105112774A (en) * 2015-08-28 2015-12-02 浙江美力科技股份有限公司 Air cooling hardened spring steel with high obdurability, low-medium-carbon and microalloy and forming and heat treatment process thereof
CN105821311A (en) * 2015-12-07 2016-08-03 苏州市吴中区胥口丰收机械配件厂 High-toughness spring steel and preparation method thereof
CN109735765A (en) * 2019-01-17 2019-05-10 江苏利淮钢铁有限公司 A kind of big specification, Ultra-fine Grained, high-strength tenacity spring steel and its production method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1350070A (en) * 2001-10-16 2002-05-22 黎业生 High-stress low-carbon martensitic spring steel 35Si2CrVB and its production process
CN103484781A (en) * 2013-09-26 2014-01-01 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 High-strength and high-toughness spring steel and manufacturing method thereof
CN105112774A (en) * 2015-08-28 2015-12-02 浙江美力科技股份有限公司 Air cooling hardened spring steel with high obdurability, low-medium-carbon and microalloy and forming and heat treatment process thereof
CN105821311A (en) * 2015-12-07 2016-08-03 苏州市吴中区胥口丰收机械配件厂 High-toughness spring steel and preparation method thereof
CN109735765A (en) * 2019-01-17 2019-05-10 江苏利淮钢铁有限公司 A kind of big specification, Ultra-fine Grained, high-strength tenacity spring steel and its production method

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114875326A (en) * 2022-05-21 2022-08-09 湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司 Production method of flat spring steel
CN114875327A (en) * 2022-05-25 2022-08-09 湖南华菱湘潭钢铁有限公司 High-strength high-toughness spring flat steel and production method thereof

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Application publication date: 20200731