CN105102776B - 阀座 - Google Patents
阀座 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105102776B CN105102776B CN201380075195.XA CN201380075195A CN105102776B CN 105102776 B CN105102776 B CN 105102776B CN 201380075195 A CN201380075195 A CN 201380075195A CN 105102776 B CN105102776 B CN 105102776B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- valve seat
- iron
- sintered alloy
- base sintered
- oxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229940056319 ferrosoferric oxide Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 7
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 35
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 25
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 14
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001149 41xx steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017060 Fe Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002544 Fe-Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001309 Ferromolybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017116 Fe—Mo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000976924 Inca Species 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000002853 Nelumbo nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006508 Nelumbo nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000006510 Nelumbo pentapetala Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTHLBYMFGWSRME-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cr].[Co].[Mo] Chemical compound [Cr].[Co].[Mo] MTHLBYMFGWSRME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000740 bleeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium iron Chemical compound [Cr].[Fe] UPHIPHFJVNKLMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052634 enstatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009940 knitting Methods 0.000 description 1
- BBCCCLINBSELLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Mg+2].O[Si](O)=O BBCCCLINBSELLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VCTOKJRTAUILIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Mn+2] VCTOKJRTAUILIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004452 microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001120 nichrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012222 talc Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
- B22F5/008—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of engine cylinder parts or of piston parts other than piston rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/007—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Co
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1078—Alloys containing non-metals by internal oxidation of material in solid state
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/001—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with only oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/10—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/10—Oxidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
- C23C8/10—Oxidising
- C23C8/12—Oxidising using elemental oxygen or ozone
- C23C8/14—Oxidising of ferrous surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K25/00—Details relating to contact between valve members and seats
- F16K25/005—Particular materials for seats or closure elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/15—Nickel or cobalt
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/35—Iron
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2302/10—Carbide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2302/00—Metal Compound, non-Metallic compound or non-metal composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2302/25—Oxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
- C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2301/00—Using particular materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2301/00—Using particular materials
- F01L2301/02—Using ceramic materials
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2303/00—Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L2820/00—Details on specific features characterising valve gear arrangements
- F01L2820/01—Absolute values
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供径向压渍强度和耐磨损性出色的阀座;该阀座由通过对铁基烧结合金进行氧化处理而在该铁基烧结合金的表面和内部形成有以四氧化三铁Fe3O4及氧化钴CoO为主体的氧化物的氧化处理铁基烧结合金构成,其中,该铁基烧结合金含有4wt%~15wt%的Co颗粒和硬质颗粒,该硬质颗粒包含含有从周期表4a~6a族中选择的一种以上元素的金属互化物、碳化物、硅化物、氮化物及硼化物中的至少一种化合物且硬度为600HV~1600HV;氧化处理铁基烧结合金在被安装到汽缸头上之前的状态下,氧化处理铁基烧结合金截面上的上述氧化物的面积比率为5%~25%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及使用于内燃机的阀座。
背景技术
阀座是成为吸气阀、排气阀的阀底座的部件,是与阀(valve)接触且保持燃烧室的气密性所必需的部件。
阀座要求具有以下功能:(1)用于防止压缩气体、燃烧废气向歧管漏泄的气密性保持功能,(2)用于将阀的热量释放到汽缸头侧的热传导功能,(3)能够耐受阀落位时阀带来的冲击的强度,(4)在高热且高负荷环境下也不易磨损的耐磨损功能等。
另外,作为阀座的要求特性,可以举出:(5)对作为配对部件的阀的攻击性小、(6)价格合理、(7)加工时易于切削。
因此,为了满足上述功能、特性,对阀座采用铁基烧结合金。
例如,专利文献1中公开了下述阀座,即:通过氧化处理,在铁基烧结合金的表面和内部形成以四氧化三铁为主体的氧化物,并且,在被安装到汽缸头上之前的状态下,铁基烧结合金截面上的、以四氧化三铁为主体的氧化物的面积比率为5%~20%。
【现有技术文献】
【专利文献】
专利文献1:日本公报、特开2013-113220号
发明内容
近年来,内燃机的运行条件变得严苛,对于安装在内燃机的汽缸头上的阀座要求具有更高的耐磨损性或径向压溃强度。
因此,本发明的目的在于提供耐磨损性和径向压溃强度出色的阀座。
本发明者们进行了各种研究后发现,通过对含有Co(钴)颗粒的铁基烧结合金进行氧化处理,能够获得耐磨损性和径向压溃强度出色的阀座,从而达成了上述目的。
即,本发明为安装在内燃机的汽缸头上的阀座的制造方法,该阀座的制造方法的特征在于:制造具有氧化处理铁基烧结合金的阀座,其中,所述氧化处理铁基烧结合金是通过对铁基烧结合金进行氧化处理而在所述铁基烧结合金的表面和内部形成有以四氧化三铁Fe3O4及氧化钴CoO为主体的氧化物、且在被安装到汽缸头上之前的状态下截面上的所述氧化物的面积比率为5%~25%的氧化处理铁基烧结合金,所述铁基烧结合金含有4wt%~15wt%的Co颗粒和5wt%~45wt%的硬质颗粒,所述Co颗粒中Co成分的纯度为99wt%以上,所述硬质颗粒的硬度为600HV~1600HV且由Co基合金颗粒构成。
根据本发明的阀座,由于其是由通过对含有4wt%~15wt%的Co颗粒和上述硬质颗粒的铁基烧结合金进行氧化处理所得的氧化处理铁基烧结合金构成,因此,通过氧化处理,Co颗粒生成氧化钴(CoO),阀座的径向压溃强度得到提高,并且,通过氧化钴(CoO)获得了自润滑剂的作用(抑制阀座或作为阀座配对部件的阀的磨损的作用),从而耐磨损性提高。另外,由于硬质颗粒的添加效果,使得径向压溃强度得到了提高。另外,由于在表面和内部形成有以四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)及氧化钴(CoO)为主体的氧化物,因此,在运行时以阀座表面上预先形成的氧化物为起点而在与阀接触的抵接面上容易形成氧化物。通过在与阀接触的抵接面上形成氧化物,阀与阀座之间的金属接触被抑制,从而提高阀座的耐磨损性。而且,通过将氧化处理铁基烧结合金截面上的所述氧化物的面积比率设定为5%~25%,能够维持径向压溃强度并提高耐磨损性。
在本发明中,优选所述Co颗粒的平均粒径为10μm~40μm。根据该形态,铁基烧结合金中的Co颗粒的分散性良好,能够抑制耐磨损性或径向压溃强度的偏差。
在本发明中,优选所述硬质颗粒为含有28wt%~38wt%的Co且含有碳化物的Co基合金颗粒。根据该形态,在进行铁基烧结合金的氧化处理时,从硬质颗粒中扩散出的Co成分生成Co氧化物,因此能够进一步提高阀座的耐磨损性或径向压溃强度。
在本发明中,优选在所述铁基烧结合金中,所述铁基烧结合金截面上的所述硬质颗粒的面积比率为5%~45%。根据该形态,铁基烧结合金的塑性流动被抑制,从而能够进一步提高阀座的耐磨损性。
在本发明中,优选所述铁基烧结合金进一步含有固体润滑剂。另外,优选固体润滑剂的平均粒径为1μm~10μm。根据该形态,能够进一步提高阀座的耐磨损性。
(发明效果)
根据本发明,能够提供径向压溃强度和耐磨损性出色的阀座。
附图说明
图1中示出对组成1-1~组成1-4的铁基烧结合金进行氧化处理后的阀座的耐磨损试验的结果。
图2中示出对组成2-1~组成2-4的铁基烧结合金进行氧化处理后的阀座的耐磨损试验的结果。
图3中示出对组成1-1~组成1-4的铁基烧结合金进行氧化处理后的阀座的径向压溃强度试验的结果。
图4中示出对组成2-1~组成2-4的铁基烧结合金进行氧化处理后的阀座的径向压溃强度试验的结果。
图5中示出试验例2的阀座的氧图像。
图6中示出组成3-3的阀座在金相显微镜下的组织照片(500倍)。
图7中示出同一阀座在扫描型电子显微镜下的组织照片(500倍)。
图8中示出与图7的组织照片对应的、同一阀座的由能量色散型X射线光谱仪(EDX)测定的Co图像。
图9中示出与图7的组织照片对应的、同一阀座的由能量色散型X射线光谱仪(EDX)测定的O图像。
图10中示出与图7的组织照片对应的、同一阀座的由能量色散型X射线光谱仪(EDX)测定的Fe图像。
图11中示出试验例2的阀座的耐磨损试验和径向压溃强度试验的结果。
图12是阀座磨损试验机的示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的阀座(valve seat)是由通过对铁基烧结合金进行氧化处理而在该铁基烧结合金的表面和内部形成有以四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)及氧化钴(CoO)为主体的氧化物的氧化处理铁基烧结合金构成,其中,上述铁基烧结合金含有Co(钴)颗粒和硬质颗粒,该硬质颗粒包含含有从周期表4a~6a族中选择的一种以上元素的金属互化物、碳化物、硅化物、氮化物及硼化物中的至少一种化合物且硬度为600HV~1600HV。
在本发明中,在阀座被安装到汽缸头上之前的状态下,氧化处理铁基烧结合金截面上的所述氧化物的面积比率为5%~25%,更优选为5%~20%。当所述氧化物的面积比率处于上述范围内时,能够形成为径向压溃强度和耐磨损性出色的阀座。当所述氧化物的面积比率超过25%时,径向压溃强度降低,由于阀在阀座上落位时的冲击而容易导致阀座破损。当所述氧化物的面积比率小于5%时,耐磨损性变差。作为将所述氧化物的面积比率调整为5%~25%的方法,可以举出调整氧化处理时的氧化处理时间这一方法。
另外,在本发明中,如后述的实施例所示,按照下述方式求出以四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)及氧化钴(CoO)为主体的氧化物的面积比率,即:利用扫描型电子显微镜观察阀座(氧化处理铁基烧结合金)的任意截面,对该观察得到的图像使用能量色散型X射线光谱仪(EDX)的氧图像而求出氧图像(Oxygen Map),将所得到的氧图像数据的亮度二值化,求出亮度为5以上的面积比,并将N=3处/个×10点的平均值作为以四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)及氧化钴(CoO)为主体的氧化物的面积比率。
在本发明中,氧化处理前的铁基烧结合金中Co颗粒的含量为4wt%~15wt%,优选为6wt%~13wt%。通过对含有Co颗粒的铁基烧结合金进行氧化处理,生成氧化钴(CoO)。生成的氧化钴(CoO)作为自发润滑剂而发挥作用,能够抑制阀座及作为阀座配对部件的阀的磨损。因此,阀座的耐磨损性提高。另外,阀座的径向压溃强度也提高。当Co颗粒的含量小于4wt%时,阀座的径向压溃强度或耐磨损性存在不足的倾向。通过增加Co颗粒的含量,径向压溃强度或耐磨损性得到提高,但是,当Co颗粒的含量超过15wt%时,阀座变得过硬而导致作为阀座配对部件的阀的磨损有增加的倾向。另外,会导致成本变高。
Co颗粒的纯度(Co含量)优选在99wt%以上。
在本发明中,氧化处理前的铁基烧结合金截面上的硬质颗粒的面积比率优选为5%~45%,更优选为15%~40%。通过使铁基烧结合金中含有硬质颗粒,能够抑制阀座的塑性流动,且能够进一步提高耐磨损性。当硬质颗粒的面积比率超过45%时,可制造性差。进而,存在铁基烧结合金的密度降低,从而径向压溃强度降低的倾向。当硬质颗粒的面积比率小于5%时,存在无法充分获得硬质颗粒的添加效果的情况。
另外,在本发明中,如后述实施例所示,按照下述方式求出硬质颗粒的面积比率,即:利用光学显微镜或电子显微镜以200倍的倍率观察氧化处理前的铁基烧结合金的任意截面,并将1mm×1mm范围的截面组织照片的硬质颗粒部描图(trace)于坐标纸上而求出面积,将四个部位处测定值的平均值作为硬质颗粒的面积比率。
在本发明中,氧化处理前的铁基烧结合金中硬质颗粒的含量优选为5wt%~45wt%,更优选为15wt%~40wt%。通过增加硬质颗粒的含量,能够增大铁基烧结合金截面上的硬质颗粒的面积比率。而且,通过将硬质颗粒的含量设定为5wt%~45wt%,能够将铁基烧结合金截面上的硬质颗粒的面积比率设定为5%~45%。
在本发明中,硬质颗粒的硬度优选为600HV~1600HV,更优选为650HV~1400HV。当硬质颗粒的硬度小于600HV时,阀座的耐磨损性存在不足的倾向。当硬质颗粒的硬度超过1600HV时,作为阀座配对部件的阀的磨损存在增加的倾向。另外,在本发明中,硬质颗粒的硬度是指按照JIS Z2244“维氏硬度试验-试验方法”测定的值。
作为硬质颗粒的具体例子,可以举出:Fe-Mo(钼铁合金)、Fe-Cr(铬铁合金)、Co-Mo-Cr(钴-钼-铬)等金属互化物颗粒,分散有从Cr、Mo等的碳化物、硅化物、氮化物及硼化物中选择的一种以上物质的Fe基合金颗粒,分散有从Cr、Mo等的碳化物、硅化物、氮化物及硼化物中选择的一种以上物质的Co基合金颗粒,分散有从Cr、Mo等的碳化物、硅化物、氮化物及硼化物中选择的一种以上物质的Ni基合金颗粒等。其中,优选使用含有28wt%~38wt%的Co且含有碳化物的Co基合金颗粒。通过将Co基合金颗粒用作硬质颗粒,在铁基烧结合金的氧化处理时,从硬质颗粒中扩散出的Co成分会生成Co氧化物,因此容易获得自润滑剂的效果,从而耐磨损性提高。进而,能够进一步提高径向压溃强度。在将Co基合金颗粒用作硬质颗粒的情况下,阀座中的Co含量(Co颗粒和硬质颗粒中的Co的总和)优选为5wt%~32wt%,更优选为10wt%~28wt%。
本发明的阀座也可以进一步含有固体润滑剂。通过含有固体润滑剂,阀座的耐磨损性提高。作为固体润滑剂无特别限定,可以举出例如氟化钙、硫化锰、硫化钼、硫化钨、硫化铬、顽辉石、滑石、氮化硼等。
阀座中的固体润滑剂的含量优选为0wt%~5wt%,更优选为0wt%~3wt%。由于固体润滑剂的含量增多时径向压溃强度存在降低的倾向,因此,固体润滑剂含量的上限优选为5wt%。
在本发明中,阀座也可以进一步含有Co、硬质颗粒及固体润滑剂以外的其他添加元素。作为其他添加元素,存在C(碳)、Cu(铜)、Ni(镍)、Cr(铬)、Mo(钼)、P(磷)、Mn(锰)等。
本发明的阀座的径向压溃强度和耐磨损性出色,因而能够适宜地用作安装在与燃气机、酒精发动机等内燃机的汽缸头的阀抵接的抵接面上的阀座。
本发明的阀座也可以仅由上述氧化处理铁基烧结合金构成。另外,也可以是不同材料的层压体,即:相当于与阀抵接的抵接面的部分由上述氧化处理铁基烧结合金构成,相当于汽缸头侧支承面的部分由以往所采用的低价铁基烧结合金构成。通过形成为层压体,能够谋求材料成本的降低。
本发明的阀座的制造方法无特别限定,例如能够通过以下的方法制造。
首先,作为铁基烧结合金的原料,在纯铁粉、Cr钢粉、Mn钢粉、MnCr钢粉、CrMo钢粉、NiCr钢粉、NiCrMo钢粉、工具钢粉、高速钢粉、Co合金钢粉、Ni钢粉等原料铁粉中,添加Co颗粒、硬质颗粒、以及作为任意成分的其他添加元素、固体润滑剂等并进行混合。
各原料的混合比例无特别限定。例如,可以举出原料铁粉35wt%~91wt%、硬质颗粒5wt%~45wt%、Co颗粒4wt%~15wt%、固体润滑剂0wt%~5wt%。通过增加硬质颗粒的混合比例,能够增大铁基烧结合金截面上的硬质颗粒的面积比率。例如,通过将硬质颗粒的混合比例设定为5wt%~45wt%,能够使铁基烧结合金截面上的硬质颗粒的面积比率为5%~45%。
原料铁粉的平均粒径优选为40μm~150μm。当原料铁粉的平均粒径小于40μm时,由于流动性降低而导致压粉体的密度产生偏差,从而阀座的径向压溃强度容易产生偏差。当原料铁粉的平均粒径超过150μm时,粉末彼此间的间隙变大而导致压粉体的密度降低,从而阀座的径向压溃强度容易降低。另外,在本发明中,平均粒径的值是指利用激光衍射散射式粒度分布测定装置测定的值。
硬质颗粒的平均粒径优选为20μm~70μm。当硬质颗粒的平均粒径小于20μm时,阀座的耐磨损性容易降低。当硬质颗粒的平均粒径超过70μm时,铁基烧结合金中的硬质颗粒容易变得稀疏,难以均匀地分散,从而阀座的耐磨损性容易产生偏差。
Co颗粒的平均粒径优选为10μm~40μm。当Co颗粒的平均粒径小于10μm时,Co发生凝聚而难以均匀地分散在铁基烧结合金中,从而阀座的耐磨损性容易产生偏差。当Co颗粒的平均粒径超过40μm时,铁基烧结合金中的Co容易变得稀疏,难以均匀地分散,从而阀座的耐磨损性容易产生偏差。
固体润滑剂的平均粒径优选为1μm~10μm。当固体润滑剂的平均粒径小于1μm时,固体润滑剂发生凝聚而难以均匀地分散在铁基烧结合金中,从而阀座的耐磨损性容易产生偏差。当固体润滑剂的平均粒径超过10μm时,成形时会阻碍压缩性而导致压粉体的密度容易降低,从而阀座的径向压溃强度容易降低。
其他的添加元素也可以以氧化物、碳酸盐、元素单质、合金等形态添加。
接着,将原料粉末的混合物填充至模具中,利用压型机进行挤压成形而制造压粉体。
然后,烧固压粉体而制造烧结体(铁基烧结合金)。烧固条件优选为1050℃~1200℃、0.2小时~1.5小时。
接下来,对铁基烧结合金进行氧化处理。从氧化气氛环境的稳定性方面考虑,氧化处理优选为水蒸气处理,但是,只要为能够在铁基烧结合金的表面和内部生成四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)及氧化钴(CoO)的方法便无特别限定,也可以采用在加热炉中在氧化气氛环境下进行氧化的方法等。
在本发明中,以使铁基烧结合金截面上的、含有四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)和氧化钴(CoO)的氧化物的面积比率为5%~25%的方式,进行氧化处理。当将氧化处理时间设定为较长时,氧化物的面积比率变大,而当氧化处理时间设定为较短时,氧化物的面积比率变小。适当地调整氧化处理时间,以使氧化物的面积比率为5%~25%即可。在具体的一例中,通过在500℃~600℃的温度下进行0.2小时~5小时的水蒸气处理,能够使氧化物的面积比率达到5%~25%。
接着,通过对进行了氧化处理后的铁基烧结合金进行研磨、切削而获得阀座。
实施例
<测定方法>
·氧化物的面积比率的测定
利用扫描型电子显微镜取样阀座的截面的一部分,并使用能量色散型X射线光谱仪(EDX)的氧图像按照以下顺序求出氧化物的面积比率。
(1)将截断的阀座埋入树脂中,使用金刚石磨粒研磨样品。
(2)扫描型电子显微镜采用“VE8800”(商品名、日本KEYENCE株式会社制),并在加速电压15kV、倍率500倍的条件下进行观察。
(3)EDX采用“INCA 250 XTK”(商品名、日本Oxford Instruments株式会社制),EDX软件使用“The Microanalysis Suite-Issue 18d version4.15”(日本Oxford Instruments株式会社制)。
(4)将电子显微镜图像以图像分辨率512×384像素输入EDX软件中。
(5)X射线采集的条件设定为:处理时间刻度设置为6、光谱范围为0keV~20keV、通道数为2k,采集计数率调整为死区时间(dead time)30%,以停留时间(dwell time)100μs/像素进行10次积算。
(6)为了强调获得的氧图像的对比度(contrast),进行将2×2像素结合为1像素的处理,使X射线强度变为四倍。
(7)在进行了(6)的处理后,利用EDX软件的面积计算功能将氧图像数据的亮度二值化,求出亮度为5以上的面积比,并将N=3处/个×10点的平均值作为氧化物的面积比率。
·硬质颗粒的面积比率的测定
利用光学显微镜或电子显微镜以200倍的倍率观察铁基烧结合金的截面,将1mm×1mm范围的截面组织照片的硬质颗粒部描图于坐标纸上而求出面积,并将四个部位处测定值的平均值作为硬质颗粒的面积比率。
·耐磨损试验
将阀座3安装在图12所示的阀座磨损试验机上。即,该阀座磨损试验机被构成为:阀4的正面(face surface)在弹簧5的作用力下与嵌入框体1上端部的阀座支座2中的阀座3抵接。阀4被凸轮轴7经由杆8抬向上方,接着在弹簧5的作用下被返回,由此阀4与阀座3碰触,其中,凸轮轴7在电动机6的驱动下进行旋转。然后,利用煤气燃烧器9加热阀4,并利用热电偶10测定阀座3的温度,从而进行温度管理。另外,在加热阀4时,将煤气燃烧器的燃烧状态设定为完全燃烧,以使阀4的表面上不会产生氧化膜。另外,阀4、弹簧5、凸轮轴7等使用发动机实机部件。然后,按照表1所示的条件进行了耐磨损试验。
[表1]
阀4的材料 | SUH35 |
设定负荷 | 280N |
气氛环境 | 低氧环境(注入氮气) |
阀4与阀座3的偏离 | 0.2mm |
温度 | 300℃ |
凸轮轴转速 | 3500rpm |
时间 | 1.5小时 |
·径向压溃强度试验
按照JIS Z2507“烧结含油轴承的径向压溃强度试验方法”进行测定。
·硬度测定
按照JIS Z2245“洛氏硬度试验-试验方法”进行测定。
·密度测定
按照JIS Z2501“烧结金属材料-密度、含油率及开口气孔率试验方法”进行测定。
(试验例1)
将Fe粉末、硬质颗粒(Co基合金颗粒)、Co颗粒、固体润滑剂(硫化锰)按照表2、3所示的比例混合并填充至模具中后,利用压型机进行挤压成形。将所得到的压粉体在1120℃的温度下烧固0.5小时,获得了铁基烧结合金。
[表2]
[表3]
接着,在500℃~600℃的温度范围且处理时间0.2小时~5小时的范围内改变条件对该铁基烧结合金进行水蒸气处理而实施氧化处理,以不同的面积比率在铁基烧结合金的表面和内部生成以四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)及氧化钴(CoO)为主体的氧化物。如此,获得了氧化物的面积比率为0%、3%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%的阀座(氧化处理铁基烧结合金)。
对各个阀座进行了耐磨损试验和径向压溃强度试验。试验结果表示于图1~图4中。图1中示出对组成1-1~组成1-4的铁基烧结合金进行氧化处理后的阀座的耐磨损试验的结果。图2中示出对组成2-1~组成2-4的铁基烧结合金进行氧化处理后的阀座的耐磨损试验的结果。图3中示出对组成1-1~组成1-4的铁基烧结合金进行氧化处理后的阀座的径向压溃强度试验的结果。图4中示出对组成2-1~组成2-4的铁基烧结合金进行氧化处理后的阀座的径向压溃强度试验的结果。另外,磨损量比是以下述值表示,即:相对于将Co颗粒的添加量设定为0wt%且没有进行氧化处理的阀座的磨损量设定为100时的相对值。另外,径向压溃强度比是以下述值表示,即:相对于将Co颗粒的添加量设定为0wt%且没有进行氧化处理的铁基烧结合金的径向压溃强度设定为100时的相对值。
如图1~图4所示,随着氧化物面积比率的增大,耐磨损性和径向压溃强度提高。并且,在氧化物面积比率为5%以上时效果显著增大,但在氧化物面积比率超过20%时效果的增大量减小。另外,通过在铁基烧结合金中添加Co颗粒,阀座的耐磨损性和径向压溃强度得到了提高。
(试验例2)
将Fe粉末、硬质颗粒(Co基合金颗粒)、Co颗粒、固体润滑剂(硫化锰)按照表4所示的比例混合并填充至模具中后,利用压型机进行挤压成形。将所得到的压粉体在1120℃的温度下烧固0.5小时,获得了铁基烧结合金。
[表4]
接着,在550℃、处理时间1小时的条件下对该铁基烧结合金进行水蒸气处理而实施氧化处理,在铁基烧结合金的表面和内部生成面积比率为约10%的、以四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)及氧化钴(CoO)为主体的氧化物,从而获得了阀座(氧化处理铁基烧结合金)。
图5中示出阀座的氧图像。图6中示出组成3-3(Co颗粒的添加量为8wt%)的阀座在金相显微镜下的组织照片(500倍)。图7中示出同一阀座在扫描型电子显微镜下的组织照片(500倍)。图8~图10中示出与图7的组织照片对应的、同一阀座的由能量色散型X射线光谱仪(EDX)测定的Co图像(Co Map)、O图像(O Map)、Fe图像(Fe Map)。在图6~图10中,以实线包围Co氧化物及Fe系氧化物存在的区域,以虚线包围硬质颗粒存在的区域。
从图6~图10可知:通过氧化处理,由添加到铁基烧结合金中的Co颗粒生成了氧化物(CoO)。另外,从硬质颗粒(Co-Mo-Cr)中扩散出的Co成分也生成了氧化物(CoO)。
另外,对获得的阀座进行了耐磨损试验和径向压溃强度试验。试验结果表示于图11中。另外,磨损量比是以相对于将组成3-1(Co颗粒的添加量为0wt%)的磨损量设定为100时的相对值进行表示。另外,径向压溃强度比是以相对于将组成3-1(Co颗粒的添加量为0wt%)的径向压溃强度设定为100时的相对值进行表示。
如图11所示,通过增加Co颗粒的添加量,阀座的耐磨损性和径向压溃强度得到了提高。
Claims (11)
1.一种阀座的制造方法,该阀座安装于内燃机的汽缸头上,所述阀座的制造方法的特征在于,
制造具有氧化处理铁基烧结合金的阀座,其中,
所述氧化处理铁基烧结合金是通过对铁基烧结合金进行氧化处理而在所述铁基烧结合金的表面和内部形成有以四氧化三铁Fe3O4及氧化钴CoO为主体的氧化物、且在被安装到汽缸头上之前的状态下截面上的所述氧化物的面积比率为5%~25%的氧化处理铁基烧结合金,
所述铁基烧结合金含有4wt%~15wt%的Co颗粒和5wt%~45wt%的硬质颗粒,所述Co颗粒中Co成分的纯度为99wt%以上,所述硬质颗粒的硬度为600HV~1600HV且由Co基合金颗粒构成。
2.如权利要求1所述的阀座的制造方法,其特征在于,
所述Co颗粒的平均粒径为10μm~40μm。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的阀座的制造方法,其特征在于,
所述Co基合金颗粒含有28wt%~38wt%的Co且含有碳化物。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的阀座的制造方法,其特征在于,
在所述铁基烧结合金中,所述铁基烧结合金截面上的所述硬质颗粒的面积比率为5%~45%。
5.如权利要求3所述的阀座的制造方法,其特征在于,
在所述铁基烧结合金中,所述铁基烧结合金截面上的所述硬质颗粒的面积比率为5%~45%。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的阀座的制造方法,其特征在于,
所述铁基烧结合金进而含有固体润滑剂。
7.如权利要求3所述的阀座的制造方法,其特征在于,
所述铁基烧结合金进而含有固体润滑剂。
8.如权利要求4所述的阀座的制造方法,其特征在于,
所述铁基烧结合金进而含有固体润滑剂。
9.如权利要求6所述的阀座的制造方法,其特征在于,
所述固体润滑剂的平均粒径为1μm~10μm。
10.如权利要求7所述的阀座的制造方法,其特征在于,
所述固体润滑剂的平均粒径为1μm~10μm。
11.如权利要求8所述的阀座的制造方法,其特征在于,
所述固体润滑剂的平均粒径为1μm~10μm。
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