CN105098935A - 非接触式充电设备的可变增益参考天线 - Google Patents

非接触式充电设备的可变增益参考天线 Download PDF

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CN105098935A
CN105098935A CN201510151826.2A CN201510151826A CN105098935A CN 105098935 A CN105098935 A CN 105098935A CN 201510151826 A CN201510151826 A CN 201510151826A CN 105098935 A CN105098935 A CN 105098935A
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G·R·汤普森
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/35—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles
    • B60L53/38—Means for automatic or assisted adjustment of the relative position of charging devices and vehicles specially adapted for charging by inductive energy transfer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/60—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power responsive to the presence of foreign objects, e.g. detection of living beings
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0042—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by the mechanical construction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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Abstract

本申请公开了一种非接触式充电设备的可变增益参考天线。用于对电池(22)充电的非接触式充电设备(16)包括源谐振器(30)、参考天线(52)和可变增益放大器(56)。源谐振器(30)被配置成将电能转移至车辆(12)中的捕捉谐振器(20)。参考天线(52)被配置成检测源自源谐振器(30)的参考信号(54)。参考天线(52)被配置成相比参考天线(52)附近的外物(36)检测(FOD)天线而言对外物(36)的存在较不敏感。可变增益放大器(56)被配置成放大来自参考天线(52)的参考信号(54)。

Description

非接触式充电设备的可变增益参考天线
发明领域
本公开一般涉及非接触式充电设备，且尤其涉及利用可变增益放大器装备该设备以放大来自该设备的参考天线的参考信号。
背景技术
已提出了用于电动车辆或混合电动车辆的非接触式或无线充电系统。这样的系统对于给车辆充电是方便的，因为无需手动地将充电设备附连或插入到车辆中。电磁能从通常位于车辆下方的停泊表面上的底座单元中的源谐振器被传送或输送到附连至车辆的并且通常位于车辆的下侧上的捕捉谐振器。由于存在电磁能被耦合至在源谐振器和捕捉谐振器附近的非预期外物(例如工具、玩具或宠物)的可能性，因而提供检测这样的外物的装置是有利的。
发明内容
根据一个实施例，提供了用于对车辆中的电池充电的非接触式充电设备。该设备包括源谐振器，以及外物检测器。源谐振器被配置成将电能转移至车辆中的捕捉谐振器。外物检测器被配置成检测源谐振器附近的外物。外物检测器包括配置成检测在源谐振器上方的外物的垂直天线，和配置成检测在源谐振器旁边的外物的水平天线。
在另一实施例中，提供了用于对车辆中的电池充电的非接触式充电设备。该设备包括源谐振器、参考天线和可变增益放大器。源谐振器被配置成将电能转移至车辆中的捕捉谐振器。参考天线被配置成检测源自源谐振器的参考信号。参考天线被配置成相比参考天线附近的外物检测(FOD)天线而言对外物的存在较不敏感。可变增益放大器被配置成放大来自参考天线的参考信号。
在阅读优选实施例的下列详细描述后，进一步的特征和优势将更清楚地呈现出，这些优选实施例仅作为非限定性的示例且结合附图而给出。
附图简述
现在将参考附图借助示例来描述本发明，在附图中：
图1是根据一个实施例的用于对车辆中的电池充电的非接触式充电系统和设备的一侧；以及
图2是根据一个实施例的图1的设备的透视图。
详细描述
图1示出了用于对车辆12中的电池22充电的车辆充电系统(在下文中称为系统10)的非限制性示例。系统10一般包括非接触式充电设备，下文称为设备16，该设备16通常包括位于停泊表面18(诸如车辆12下方的车库地板)上的底座单元14。设备16一般被配置成将电能从底座单元14转移到位于车辆12的下侧24上的捕捉谐振器20。设备16可包括控制面板26，该控制面板26被配置成，例如指示捕捉谐振器何时在底座单元14上居中并指示电池22的充电状态以及调节传递至底座单元14的电能。
图2示出了底座单元14的非限制性示例。底座单元14通常包括保护罩，未示出该保护罩仅是为了简化图示。底座单元14一般包括配置成向捕捉谐振器20(图1)发射电磁能32的源谐振器30。所确信的是，不期望将某些物体耦合或暴露至电磁能32，因而设备16被装备有配置成检测源谐振器30附近的外物36的外物检测器34。
在此非限制性示例中，外物检测器34包括垂直天线38，该垂直天线38被配置成检测在源谐振器30上方(例如，在源谐振器30和捕捉谐振器20之间)的外物。已观察到电磁能32中的一些可行进或被发射超过由位于底部的源谐振器30和位于顶部的捕捉谐振器20所限定的间隙区域42，因而设备16还可有利地包括水平天线40，该水平天线40配置成检测位于源谐振器30旁边(即，在间隙区域42外)的外物(例如外物36)。一般而言，垂直天线38优选地检测源自底座单元之上的方向或从该方向反射并朝向捕捉谐振器20的电磁能，而水平天线40优选地检测源自被表征为处在远离底座单元14的径向或水平方向中的方向或从该方向反射的电磁能。
以示例的方式而非限制，垂直天线38可被布置在设备16的衬底44或电路板组件上。垂直天线38可有利地位于衬底44的周界内，其中衬底的周界一般由源谐振器的形状所确定。这样的配置允许垂直天线38被更好地引导以检测间隙区域42中的外物。相反，水平天线40可被耦合至此周界，但被配置成“越”过(“reach”over)源谐振器30并且被取向为被表征为垂直于垂直天线的方向。这样的配置允许水平天线40更好地被引导以检测位于间隙区域42外的停泊表面18上的外物。
通过进一步的示例的方式，垂直天线38可包括垂直定向元件46的阵列。利用这样的配置，可改变垂直天线38的灵敏度和焦点以更好地估算间隙区域42中的物体的尺寸、成分和/或位置。为了做到这一点，衬底44可包括或限定电组件48，其中对于本领域人员而言是已知的各种电组件(未示出)可被连接至衬底44上的电迹线(未示出)并由此形成例如，外物检测器34的控制器或处理器。同样地，水平天线40可包括多个水平定向元件50，可改变该多个水平定向元件50的功能组合以更好地估算间隙区域42外的物体的尺寸、成分和/或位置。
如上所述，用于对车辆12中的电池22充电的非接触式充电设备(设备16)一般包括配置成将电能(即电磁能)转移至车辆12中的捕捉谐振器20的源谐振器30。为了确定正被发射的电磁能的量，设备16的底座单元14可包括配置成检测源自源谐振器30的参考信号54的参考天线52。有可能垂直定向元件46的阵列中的一个可用作参考天线。然而，已观察到小于典型垂直元件的参考天线是有利的，因为减小尺寸的参考天线对外物的存在较不敏感，如果外物存在的话。即，优选参考天线52对外物的存在具有灵敏度特性，该灵敏度特性对于用作垂直元件中的一个而言将被认为是不期望的。由此，相比参考天线52附近的外物检测(FOD)天线(例如，垂直天线和/或水平天线40)而言，参考天线52优选地对于外物36的存在较不敏感。
由于将较小的天线用于参考天线52意味着参考天线52将较不敏感，且设备处于待机模式时使用该参考天线。待机模式是当设备16没有在对电池22充电，而是在‘寻找’要到达的车辆并使捕捉谐振器靠近底座单元14从而可启动充电时。在待机模式中，源谐振器30可被操作以发射相对低的能量的量以允许检测接近的车辆。
由于来自参考天线52的减小的信号，衬底44可有利地包括可变增益放大器，下文中称为放大器56，该放大器56被配置成放大由参考天线52所检测的或从参考天线52输出的参考信号54。通过提供可变增益，可升高来自参考天线52的信号的电平以由外物检测器34的控制器或处理器进行更好地分析。
因此，放大器56可在设备16正对车辆12中的电池22充电时以第一选定增益操作以使由参考天线所检测到的信号相对较强，并且在设备没有在对车辆中的电池充电时以大于第一选定增益的第二选定增益操作，因为由参考天线52所检测到的信号相对较弱。放大器56的增益可由天线的反馈环中的电阻器值所确定，如将由本领域人员了解的那样。由此，如果放大器56包括可操作以将放大器56的增益确定为多个增益值的电阻器网络58，则会是有利的。例如，在设备16的校准程序期间，可单独地调节电阻器网络58的各种电阻器的值以补偿可影响由参考天线52输出的信号的强度的设备16的其它特征中的正常变化。
设备16还可包括在整个衬底44上布置的多个参考天线62以及配置成选择性地将该多个参考天线62中的一个或多个连接到放大器56的开关设备60。具有什么被用作参考天线的选择可被有利地用于自诊断设备16且在以待机模式操作的同时更好地检测小的外物。
因此，提供了用于对车辆中的电池充电的系统10和设备16。设备16包括垂直天线38和水平天线40，以使可在很多可能的方向中容易地检测到外物，以及可变增益放大器(放大器56)以使参考天线52可被更好地优化以用于监测由源谐振器30输出的参考信号。
尽管已针对其优选实施例对本发明进行了描述，然而本发明不旨在如此限制，而是仅受后面权利要求书中给出的范围限制。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于对车辆(12)中的电池(22)充电的非接触式充电设备(16)，
所述设备(16)包括：
源谐振器(30)，配置成将电能转移至车辆(12)中的捕捉谐振器(20)；
参考天线(52)，配置成检测源自所述源谐振器(30)的参考信号(54)，其中，所述参考天线(52)被配置成相比所述参考天线(52)附近的外物(36)检测(FOD)天线而言对外物(36)的存在较不敏感；以及
可变增益放大器(56)，配置成放大来自所述参考天线(52)的参考信号(54)。
2.如权利要求1所述的设备(16)，其特征在于，所述放大器(56)在所述设备(16)正对所述车辆(12)中的电池(22)充电时以第一选定增益操作，并且在所述设备(16)没有在对所述车辆(12)中的电池(22)充电时以大于所述第一选定增益的第二选定增益操作。
3.如权利要求1所述的设备(16)，其特征在于，所述放大器(56)包括可操作以将所述放大器(56)的增益确定为多个增益值的电阻器网络(58)。
4.如权利要求1所述的设备(16)，其特征在于，所述设备(16)包括多个参考天线(52)以及配置成选择性地将所述多个参考天线(52)中的一个或多个连接到所述放大器(56)的开关设备(60)。
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