CN105097963A - Selectively textured crystal silicon solar cell and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Selectively textured crystal silicon solar cell and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105097963A
CN105097963A CN201510423095.2A CN201510423095A CN105097963A CN 105097963 A CN105097963 A CN 105097963A CN 201510423095 A CN201510423095 A CN 201510423095A CN 105097963 A CN105097963 A CN 105097963A
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silicon
positive electrode
region
preparation
making herbs
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Inventor
方结彬
秦崇德
石强
黄玉平
何达能
陈刚
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Guangdong Aiko Solar Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Guangdong Aiko Solar Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201510423095.2A priority Critical patent/CN105097963A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02Details
    • H01L31/0236Special surface textures
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/18Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L31/1804Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof comprising only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/547Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a selectively textured crystal silicon solar cell. The method comprises the following steps: (1) cleaning a silicon wafer; (2) forming a silicon dioxide layer on the front surface of the silicon wafer; (3) printing corrosive slurry on the silicon dioxide layer; (4) removing the silicon dioxide layer in a printing region of the corrosive slurry; (5) carrying out acid texturing on the silicon wafer, forming the surface of the region corresponding to a positive electrode grid line into a smooth surface, and forming the other regions into a textured structure; (6) carrying out high-sheet resistance phosphorus diffusion on the front surface of the silicon wafer, so that the surface of the region corresponding to the positive electrode grid line has uniform high-sheet resistance phosphorus doping concentration; (7) removing front phosphorosilicate glass and peripheral PN junctions, which are formed by phosphorus diffusion; (8) forming an anti-reflection film on the front surface of the silicon wafer; (9) printing a back electrode and an aluminium-back surface field on the back surface of the silicon wafer; (10) printing positive electrode slurry on the front surface of the silicon wafer to form a positive electrode; and (11) sintering the silicon wafer to form the solar cell. The preparation method of the selectively textured crystal silicon solar cell has the beneficial effect that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell is effectively improved.

Description

A kind of selectivity making herbs into wool crystal silicon solar batteries and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of solar batteries, particularly relate to a kind of selectivity making herbs into wool crystal silicon solar batteries and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Crystal silicon solar batteries is that one absorbs solar radiant energy effectively, utilize photovoltaic effect that transform light energy is become the device of electric energy, when solar irradiation is in semiconductor P-N junction (P-NJunction), form new hole-electron to (V-Epair), under the effect of P-N junction electric field, hole flows to P district by N district, and electronics flows to N district by P district, just forms electric current after connecting circuit.
The preparation technology of crystal silicon solar batteries is divided into making herbs into wool, diffusion, etching, front plated film, silk screen printing, the large operation of sintering six.Wherein, the object of making herbs into wool forms rough texturing suede structure at front side of silicon wafer, increases the absorption area of sunlight, reduces sun light reflectance.Be all adopt the mode of whole acid system making herbs into wool to polycrystalline silicon surface wool manufacturing in industry, while reduction reflectivity, the few sub-compound of silicon chip surface also increases greatly, constrains the lifting of battery open circuit voltage and short circuit current.In addition, because the surface of the positive electrode corresponding region on silicon chip is making herbs into wool face, phosphorus source doping uneven concentration, have impact on the ohmic contact of electrode and silicon, thus constrains the lifting of photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is, a kind of selectivity making herbs into wool crystal silicon solar batteries and preparation method thereof is provided, effectively can reduce the few sub-recombination region of battery surface, strengthen the ohmic contact of positive electrode and silicon simultaneously, thus promote the photoelectric efficiency of crystal silicon solar batteries.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of preparation method of selectivity making herbs into wool crystal silicon solar batteries, comprising the following steps:
Step one: silicon chip is cleaned;
Step 2: the front of silicon chip is oxidized, forming a layer thickness is the silicon dioxide layer of 80-200nm;
Step 3: print corrosive slurry by screen printing screens on described silicon dioxide layer, half tone is provided with positive electrode grid line, region corresponding to positive electrode grid line can not be printed corrosive slurry;
Step 4: carry out cleaning, drying up after placing 1-5 minute through the silicon chip of above-mentioned steps process, remove the silicon dioxide layer of described corrosive slurry printing zone;
Step 5: carry out acid system making herbs into wool on described silicon chip, the surface in the region that positive electrode grid line is corresponding has silicon dioxide protection, and after making herbs into wool, the surface in the region that positive electrode grid line is corresponding is still even curface, and other region forms suede structure;
Step 6: carry out the diffusion of high square resistance phosphorus at described front side of silicon wafer, the surface in the region making positive electrode grid line corresponding has uniform high square resistance phosphorus doping density;
Step 7: remove front phosphorosilicate glass and periphery P N knot that described phosphorus diffuses to form;
Step 8: carry out PECVD plated film at described front side of silicon wafer, forms silicon nitride anti-reflection film;
Step 9: in silicon chip back side printing back electrode and aluminium back surface field;
Step 10: the surface printing positive electrode slurry in region corresponding to the positive electrode grid line of front side of silicon wafer forms positive electrode;
Step 11: sintering is carried out to silicon chip and forms solar cell.
Preferably, the front side of silicon wafer oxidation in described step 2 adopts furnace oxidation mode, and be positioned over by silicon chip in diffusion furnace and pass into nitrogen and oxygen, after being warming up to 800-900 DEG C, silicon chip and oxygen reaction generate silicon dioxide.
Preferably, the flow of described oxygen and nitrogen is respectively 100-200sccm and 5-10slm, and the duration of ventilation of the mist of oxygen and nitrogen is 5-30min.
Preferably, the front side of silicon wafer oxidation in described step 2 adopts nitric acid oxidation mode, and the mass fraction of nitric acid is more than 60%.
Preferably, the live width of the positive electrode grid line on the half tone in described step 3 is 10-40um.
Preferably, in described step 5, the step of acid system making herbs into wool is that the front of described silicon chip is placed in HNO 3soak with in HF mixed solution acid tank, the silicon dioxide of positive electrode corresponding region will be removed, and retain smooth silicon face, and other region is by the suede structure described in formation.
Preferably, in described step 5, other region is absorbance region.
Preferably, the high square resistance phosphorus diffusion in described step 6 adopts tubular type phosphorus oxychloride method of diffusion to silicon chip surface doping high square resistance phosphorus.
Correspondingly, the present invention also provides a kind of selectivity making herbs into wool crystal silicon solar batteries, and it is obtained by above-mentioned preparation method.
Compared with prior art; the present invention has following beneficial effect: the present invention utilizes earth silicon mask; first form layer of silicon dioxide layer at silicon chip surface; then on described silicon dioxide layer, corrosive slurry is printed by screen printing screens by corrosive slurry and silicon dioxde reaction; half tone is provided with positive electrode grid line; region corresponding to positive electrode grid line can not be printed corrosive slurry makes the positive electrode grid line corresponding region on silicon chip be protected by silicon dioxide, then is immersed in by silicon chip HNO is housed 3with in HF mixed solution acid tank, thus form selectivity suede structure, namely the region that positive electrode grid line is corresponding is smooth silicon face, other region is textured making herbs into wool face, carry out the diffusion of high square resistance phosphorus at described front side of silicon wafer, the surface in the region making positive electrode grid line corresponding has uniform high square resistance phosphorus doping density; Relative to the crystal silicon solar batteries of whole acid system making herbs into wool, the crystal silicon solar batteries adopting the present invention to obtain obviously can reduce the few sub-recombination region of silicon chip surface, improve the phosphorus source uniform of the positive electrode area on silicon chip simultaneously, strengthen the ohmic contact of positive electrode and silicon, effectively improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of battery.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, below the present invention is described in further detail.
Process for etching due to existing crystal silicon battery is whole acid system making herbs into wool, limits the lifting of battery open circuit voltage, short circuit current and fill factor, curve factor, thus inhibits the increase of photoelectric conversion efficiency.
The present invention of the present invention's profit utilizes earth silicon mask; first form layer of silicon dioxide layer at silicon chip surface; then on described silicon dioxide layer, corrosive slurry is printed by screen printing screens by corrosive slurry and silicon dioxde reaction; half tone is provided with positive electrode grid line; region corresponding to positive electrode grid line can not be printed corrosive slurry makes the positive electrode grid line corresponding region on silicon chip be protected by silicon dioxide, then is immersed in by silicon chip HNO is housed 3with in HF mixed solution acid tank, thus form selectivity suede structure, namely the region that positive electrode grid line is corresponding is smooth silicon face, other region is textured making herbs into wool face, carry out the diffusion of high square resistance phosphorus at described front side of silicon wafer, the surface in the region making positive electrode grid line corresponding has uniform high square resistance phosphorus doping density; Relative to the crystal silicon solar batteries of whole acid system making herbs into wool, the crystal silicon solar batteries adopting the present invention to obtain obviously can reduce the few sub-recombination region of silicon chip surface, improve the phosphorus source uniform of the positive electrode area on silicon chip simultaneously, strengthen the ohmic contact of positive electrode and silicon, effectively improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of battery.
The preparation process of selectivity making herbs into wool crystal silicon solar batteries of the present invention is specific as follows:
Step one: silicon chip is cleaned;
Step 2: the front of silicon chip is oxidized, forming a layer thickness is the silicon dioxide layer of 80-200nm;
Front side of silicon wafer oxidation adopts furnace oxidation mode, silicon chip is positioned in diffusion furnace and passes into nitrogen and oxygen, after being warming up to 800-900 DEG C, silicon chip and oxygen reaction generate silicon dioxide, the flow of described oxygen and nitrogen is respectively 100-200sccm (sccm refers to sccm) and 5-10slm (slm refers to Standard Liters per Minute), and the duration of ventilation of the mist of oxygen and nitrogen is 5-30min.
Front side of silicon wafer oxidation also can be adopt nitric acid oxidation mode, and the mass fraction of nitric acid is more than 60%.
Step 3: print corrosive slurry by screen printing screens on described silicon dioxide layer, half tone is provided with positive electrode grid line, region corresponding to positive electrode grid line can not be printed corrosive slurry;
The live width of the positive electrode grid line on described half tone is 10-40um.
Step 4: carry out cleaning, drying up after placing 1-5 minute through the silicon chip of above-mentioned steps process, remove the silicon dioxide layer of described corrosive slurry printing zone;
Step 5: carry out acid system making herbs into wool on described silicon chip, the surface in the region that positive electrode grid line is corresponding has silicon dioxide protection, and after making herbs into wool, the surface in the region that positive electrode grid line is corresponding is still even curface, and other region forms suede structure;
The step of acid system making herbs into wool is that the front of described silicon chip is placed in HNO 3soak with in HF mixed solution acid tank, the silicon dioxide of positive electrode corresponding region will be removed, and retain smooth silicon face, and other region is by the suede structure described in formation; Other described region is absorbance region.
Step 6: carry out the diffusion of high square resistance phosphorus at described front side of silicon wafer, the surface in the region making positive electrode grid line corresponding has uniform high square resistance phosphorus doping density;
Described high square resistance phosphorus diffusion adopts tubular type phosphorus oxychloride method of diffusion to silicon chip surface doping high square resistance phosphorus.
Step 7: remove front phosphorosilicate glass and periphery P N knot that described phosphorus diffuses to form;
Step 8: carry out PECVD plated film at described front side of silicon wafer, forms silicon nitride anti-reflection film;
Step 9: in silicon chip back side printing back electrode and aluminium back surface field;
Step 10: the surface printing positive electrode slurry in region corresponding to the positive electrode grid line of front side of silicon wafer forms positive electrode;
Step 11: sintering is carried out to silicon chip and forms solar cell.
Correspondingly, the present invention also provides a kind of selectivity making herbs into wool crystal silicon solar batteries, and it is obtained by above-mentioned preparation method.
Finally to should be noted that; above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention but not limiting the scope of the invention; although be explained in detail the present invention with reference to preferred embodiment; those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that; can modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, and not depart from essence and the scope of technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a preparation method for selectivity making herbs into wool crystal silicon solar batteries, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step one: silicon chip is cleaned;
Step 2: the front of silicon chip is oxidized, forming a layer thickness is the silicon dioxide layer of 80-200nm;
Step 3: print corrosive slurry by screen printing screens on described silicon dioxide layer, half tone is provided with positive electrode grid line, region corresponding to positive electrode grid line can not be printed corrosive slurry;
Step 4: carry out cleaning, drying up after placing 1-5 minute through the silicon chip of above-mentioned steps process, remove the silicon dioxide layer of described corrosive slurry printing zone;
Step 5: carry out acid system making herbs into wool on described silicon chip, the surface in the region that positive electrode grid line is corresponding has silicon dioxide protection, and after making herbs into wool, the surface in the region that positive electrode grid line is corresponding is still even curface, and other region forms suede structure;
Step 6: carry out the diffusion of high square resistance phosphorus at described front side of silicon wafer, the surface in the region making positive electrode grid line corresponding has uniform high square resistance phosphorus doping density;
Step 7: remove front phosphorosilicate glass and periphery P N knot that described phosphorus diffuses to form;
Step 8: carry out PECVD plated film at described front side of silicon wafer, forms silicon nitride anti-reflection film;
Step 9: in silicon chip back side printing back electrode and aluminium back surface field;
Step 10: the surface printing positive electrode slurry in region corresponding to the positive electrode grid line of front side of silicon wafer forms positive electrode;
Step 11: sintering is carried out to silicon chip and forms solar cell.
2. the preparation method of a kind of selectivity making herbs into wool crystal silicon solar batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, front side of silicon wafer oxidation in described step 2 adopts furnace oxidation mode, silicon chip is positioned in diffusion furnace and passes into nitrogen and oxygen, after being warming up to 800-900 DEG C, silicon chip and oxygen reaction generate silicon dioxide.
3. the preparation method of a kind of selectivity making herbs into wool crystal silicon solar batteries as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the flow of described oxygen and nitrogen is respectively 100-200sccm and 5-10slm, and the duration of ventilation of the mist of oxygen and nitrogen is 5-30min.
4. the preparation method of a kind of selectivity making herbs into wool crystal silicon solar batteries as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the front side of silicon wafer oxidation in described step 2 adopts nitric acid oxidation mode, and the mass fraction of nitric acid is more than 60%.
5. the preparation method of a kind of selectivity making herbs into wool crystal silicon solar batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the live width of the positive electrode grid line on the half tone in described step 3 is 10-40um.
6. the preparation method of a kind of selectivity making herbs into wool crystal silicon solar batteries as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the step of acid system making herbs into wool in described step 5 is that the front of described silicon chip is placed in HNO 3soak with in HF mixed solution acid tank, the silicon dioxide of positive electrode corresponding region will be removed, and retain smooth silicon face, and other region is by the suede structure described in formation.
7. the preparation method of a kind of selectivity making herbs into wool crystal silicon solar batteries as claimed in claim 1, in described step 5, other region is absorbance region.
8. the preparation method of a kind of selectivity making herbs into wool crystal silicon solar batteries as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the high square resistance phosphorus diffusion in described step 6 adopts tubular type phosphorus oxychloride method of diffusion to silicon chip surface doping high square resistance phosphorus.
9. a selectivity making herbs into wool crystal silicon solar batteries, is characterized in that, it is obtained by the preparation method described in any one of claim 1-8.
CN201510423095.2A 2015-07-18 2015-07-18 Selectively textured crystal silicon solar cell and preparation method thereof Pending CN105097963A (en)

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108666243A (en) * 2018-05-09 2018-10-16 永嘉利为新能源有限公司 A kind of etching method of single crystal battery piece
CN109300999A (en) * 2018-12-03 2019-02-01 山东力诺太阳能电力股份有限公司 A kind of efficient crystal silicon solar batteries preparation method and its battery of preparation
CN109494168A (en) * 2018-12-10 2019-03-19 西安宏星电子浆料科技有限责任公司 A kind of crystal silicon solar batteries metallization grid line electric performance test method
CN113421943A (en) * 2021-01-29 2021-09-21 宣城睿晖宣晟企业管理中心合伙企业(有限合伙) Heterojunction solar cell and preparation method thereof
CN114171643A (en) * 2021-12-02 2022-03-11 中节能太阳能科技(镇江)有限公司 Method for manufacturing selective-texturing heterojunction solar cell
CN115050852A (en) * 2022-06-08 2022-09-13 宁夏隆基乐叶科技有限公司 Solar cell and preparation method thereof

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108666243A (en) * 2018-05-09 2018-10-16 永嘉利为新能源有限公司 A kind of etching method of single crystal battery piece
CN109300999A (en) * 2018-12-03 2019-02-01 山东力诺太阳能电力股份有限公司 A kind of efficient crystal silicon solar batteries preparation method and its battery of preparation
CN109494168A (en) * 2018-12-10 2019-03-19 西安宏星电子浆料科技有限责任公司 A kind of crystal silicon solar batteries metallization grid line electric performance test method
CN109494168B (en) * 2018-12-10 2022-07-26 西安宏星电子浆料科技有限责任公司 Method for testing electrical performance of metalized grid line of crystalline silicon solar cell
CN113421943A (en) * 2021-01-29 2021-09-21 宣城睿晖宣晟企业管理中心合伙企业(有限合伙) Heterojunction solar cell and preparation method thereof
CN114171643A (en) * 2021-12-02 2022-03-11 中节能太阳能科技(镇江)有限公司 Method for manufacturing selective-texturing heterojunction solar cell
CN115050852A (en) * 2022-06-08 2022-09-13 宁夏隆基乐叶科技有限公司 Solar cell and preparation method thereof
CN115050852B (en) * 2022-06-08 2024-04-30 宁夏隆基乐叶科技有限公司 Solar cell and preparation method thereof

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