CN105092441A - Fine particle matter measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents
Fine particle matter measuring device and measuring method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105092441A CN105092441A CN201410201872.4A CN201410201872A CN105092441A CN 105092441 A CN105092441 A CN 105092441A CN 201410201872 A CN201410201872 A CN 201410201872A CN 105092441 A CN105092441 A CN 105092441A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a fine particle matter measuring device for detecting the content of PM2.5 in the air, the fine particle matter measuring device includes a PM10 collector for collecting an air sample, a PM2.5 cutter for separating fine particulate matters in the air sample, a detecting device for detecting the content of the fine particulate matters in the air sample, and an air pump for stabilizing the air flow, the detecting device comprises a laser light scattering apparatus, a photoemission detector, and a signal processor, the fine particulate matter measuring device is simple, reliable, low in price , and apparatus-saving, and the present invention also discloses a measuring method using the fine particle matter measuring device.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fine particle measurement mechanism, particularly relate to a kind of fine particle measurement mechanism and measuring method thereof.
Background technology
Because fine particulates produces very large harm to the health of human body, especially the particle of 2.5 microns is less than, PM2.5 is because volume is smaller, there is very large specific surface area, thus easily noxious material is adsorbed, and these particles can arrive deep lung easily, thus cause various pulmonary disease, country has issued " ambient air quality " standard of new revision for this reason.New standard adds the concentration limit examination criteria of PM2.5.Therefore a simple and reliable and cheap PM2.5 real-time measurement equipment is needed badly.
Measure the filter membrane method that the most classical method of PM2.5 is exactly the invention fifties, this method only needs a PM2.5 cutting head, a pump and film frame and filter membrane thereof, after gathering 24 hr sample, takes off filter membrane and weighs, if desired can parallel acquisition 3 samples, weigh again after constant temperature and humidity.This reliable and practical method write into Deutsche industry norm (DIN) in 1975, for calibrating various surveying instrument.The shortcoming of this method is, air-flow is for a long time constantly by sampling membrane, and the material that filter membrane collects can cause volatility and half volatile material damage along with the change of air-flow and temperature.Meanwhile, some superfine little particles still can cause testing result on the low side through filter membrane; On the contrary, gaseous material also may be adsorbed by filter membrane, causes result higher.And the method can not realize the Real-Time Monitoring of PM2.5.
Quartz Crystal concussion sedimentation balance method is the most frequently used method of current China a lot of city monitoring PM10, also can be used for determining the concentration of PM2.5.This process employs the piezoelectric property of quartz-crystal resonator, the change of quartz crystal oscillator electrode surface quality is converted into the frequency change that quartz crystal oscillator circuit exports electric signal.Advantage is that quantitative relationship is clear and definite, especially to granule.Shortcoming is the loss that current technology cannot solve the rear volatility of sample heating and half volatile material, causes measurement result to be considered on the low side; If increase film dynamic calibration system, then cost can be caused significantly to increase because technology is immature, complicated operation, it is crucial that instrument failure rate significantly raises, be difficult to obtain quality data.And Quartz Crystal concussion sedimentation balance method is very high to the requirement of measurement environment, such as air themperature, humidity, pressure, is therefore not suitable for southern humid area and pollutes too serious city.
Another the more common method measuring PM10 or PM2.5 is β rays method.First certain thickness particle is collected in the filter membrane surface between 3 sources and Geiger tube.When β ray passes through, its intensity is weak gradually along with the increase of thickness.The quality of the particle that filter membrane adsorbs can be extrapolated according to the numerical value change of the Geiger tube before and after sampling.β rays method occupy two hypothesis: one is that the sampling membrane band of instrument is homogeneous; Two is that the particle physics characteristic that collects is homogeneous.Often suppose and be false for above-mentioned two, therefore determination data is generally considered to higher, and this detection method is at relative clean and dry regional failure rate is low, higher in moist high-temperature area failure rate.And this equipment cost is relatively high.
Secondly conventional method also has laser scattering method.What the method utilized is that in air, particle can light scattering.The concentration of particle indirectly can be determined by the intensity measuring scattered light.Utilize the impact of measurement by grain size of laser scattering method.The mass concentration of particle can be calculated by the number concentration and size determining particle.Usual laser scattering method is only more responsive to the particle of more than 0.3 micron, and the density of particle is also unknown, thus causes PM2.5 to measure the very large error of generation.
In addition, a kind of method for determining the granule density produced from combustion process is also had to be exactly photoelectron emissions detection method.The party's ratio juris is exactly that the particle carrying out spontaneous combustion generation contains aromatic hydrocarbons usually, and these materials are very responsive to ultraviolet.By ultraviolet irradiation, these materials will discharge electronics.Remove the electronics that these eject, such particle will become positively charged.The carried charge of particle follows the mass concentration of particle to become ratio.This method is suitable for the measurement being less than a micron particles.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem, the invention provides a kind of simple and reliable, and cheap fine particle measurement mechanism.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme: a kind of fine particle measurement mechanism, for detecting the content of the PM2.5 in air, comprise the PM10 gatherer for collecting air sample, for separating of the PM2.5 cutter of fine particle in described air sample, for detecting the pick-up unit of fine particle content in air sample and the air pump for steady air flow, described pick-up unit comprises
Laser light scattering instrument, for measuring fine particle scattering strength in air sample;
Photoelectron emissions detector, for measuring fine particle carried charge in air sample;
Signal processor, for being converted to fine particle concentration by described fine particle scattering strength and fine particle carried charge;
Described PM10 gatherer connects described PM2.5 cutter;
Described PM2.5 cutter connects described laser light scattering instrument;
Described laser light scattering instrument connects described photoelectron emissions detector;
Described photoelectron emissions instrument connects described air pump;
Described laser light scattering instrument is also connected described signal processor respectively with photoelectron emissions detector.
Described laser light scattering instrument comprises air duct, laser module and detecting module,
Described laser module comprises the laser channeling that passes through for laser and is located at the lasing light emitter for Emission Lasers at described laser channeling two ends and the laser capture device for absorbing laser;
Described detecting module comprise for laser light scattering scatter channel and be located at described scatter channel two ends detection air sample in the laser intensity detection instrument of fine particle scattering strength and the laser capture device for ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING laser;
Described air duct, laser channeling and scatter channel are provided with the crossing spatial measured;
The incident ray of described lasing light emitter and the intersection region of laser light scattering light be located at described in the crossing spatial measured;
The outlet of described PM2.5 cutter connects the import of described air duct;
Described laser intensity detection instrument connects described signal processor.
The prism for focusing on also is provided with between described lasing light emitter and intersection region.
Described photoelectron emissions detector comprises,
Ultraviolet radiation space, for exciting the electronics of fine particle in air sample;
Electron collector, for removing the electronics of fine particle in air sample;
Filtrator, for collecting the fine particle in air sample;
Faraday cup, for measuring the carried charge of fine particle in described filtrator;
Amplifier, for amplifying the signal of carried charge;
The outlet of described air duct connects the import in described Ultraviolet radiation space;
The outlet in described Ultraviolet radiation space connects the import of described electron collector;
The outlet of described electron collector connects described filtrator;
Described filtrator to be located in described Faraday cup and to be connected described amplifier;
Described amplifier connects described signal processor;
The outlet of described Faraday cup connects described air pump.
Preferably, the exsiccator for removing moisture in air is also provided with between described Faraday cup and air pump;
Preferably, the active carbon layer for removing gaseous acid material is provided with in described exsiccator.
Preferably, be also provided with the part flow arrangement for recycling the rear air of purification after described air pump, described part flow arrangement is the kapillary for shunt gas; Described gas delivery side of pump connects the import of described kapillary; The outlet of described kapillary connects described PM10 gatherer and the external world respectively.
The present invention also provides another technical scheme, a kind of fine particle measuring method, the technological process of described fine particle measuring method is: (1) is collected air sample (2) fine particle (3) be separated in air sample and measured the fine particle scattering strength in air sample and the fine particle concentration (4) be converted in air sample measures fine particle carried charge in air sample and the fine particle concentration be converted in air sample.
Preferably, the technological process of described fine particle measuring method also comprises: a, dry decontamination residual air; B, residual air recycle.
The concrete steps of described fine particle measuring method are:
(1) collect air sample, collected the air sample that will measure by PM10 gatherer, and according to air conditions described air sample heated and/or dilute;
(2) be separated the fine particle in air sample, be separated by PM2.5 cutter, the particle that diameter is greater than 2.5 microns is removed, and diameter is less than and equals 2.5 microns by described PM2.5 cutter;
(3) measure the fine particle scattering strength in air sample and be converted to fine particle concentration, measured the scattering strength of fine particle in air sample by laser light scattering instrument, and by signal processor, the scattering strength of fine particle in described air sample is converted to the concentration of fine particle in air sample;
(4) measure the fine particle carried charge in air sample and be converted to fine particle concentration, the fine particle in air sample is collected by photoelectron emissions detector, and measure the carried charge of fine particle, then amplified the signal of carried charge by amplifier, then by signal processor, the carried charge of fine particle in described air sample is converted to the concentration of fine particle in air sample;
(5) dry decontamination residual air, air sample is collected the residual air after fine particle, removes moisture in described residual air and gaseous state acidic materials by the exsiccator being provided with active carbon layer;
(6) residual air recycles, and by air pump steady air flow, and by kapillary, the residual air after purification is branched to PM10 gatherer respectively and is used for diluent air sample and the external world.
The beneficial effect of above technical scheme is adopted to be: the feature of the method is combined with laser scattering method and photoelectron emissions detection method exactly, in laser scattering method, signal increases along with the increase of grain size, and for photoelectron emissions detection method, signal reduces along with the increase of grain size; Otherwise the signal of laser scattering method reduces along with the reduction of grain size, and photoelectron emissions detection method is along with particle limit is little, and change is large; By combining this two kinds of methods, particle properties can be slackened on the impact of measuring; Simultaneously by adopting purification plant and part flow arrangement, can clean air-air sample be utilized to dilute by direct circulation, save equipment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is compositional block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of laser light scattering instrument in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of photoelectron emissions detector in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the process chart that a kind of PM2.5 of the present invention measures measuring method.
Wherein, 1.PM10 gatherer 2.PM2.5 separation vessel 3. laser light scattering instrument 31. air duct 321. laser channeling 322. lasing light emitter 323. prism 324. laser capture device 331. scatter channel 332. laser intensity detection instrument 333. scattering laser catcher 34. crossing spatial 35. intersection region 4. photoelectron emissions detector 41. Ultraviolet radiation space 411. Ultraviolet radiation space import 412. quartz burner 42. electron collector 43. filtrator 44. Faraday cup 441. Faraday cup import 442. Faraday cup exports 45. amplifier 5. signal processor 6. exsiccator 61. active carbon layer 7. air pump 8. part flow arrangement 81. kapillary I82. kapillary II
Embodiment
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1
See Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, as shown in legend wherein, a kind of fine particle measurement mechanism, for detecting the content of the PM2.5 in air, comprise the PM10 gatherer 1 for collecting air sample, for separating of fine particle in described air sample a PM2.5 cutter 2, for detect fine particle content in air sample a pick-up unit, for remove moisture in air sample an exsiccator 6, for an air pump 7 of steady air flow and for recycling a part flow arrangement 8 of air after purification, described pick-up unit comprises
One laser light scattering instrument 3, for measuring fine particle scattering strength in air sample;
Described laser light scattering instrument 3 comprises air duct 31, laser module and a detecting module,
Described laser module comprises the laser channeling 321 passed through for laser and the lasing light emitter 322 for Emission Lasers and the laser capture device 324 for absorbing laser of being located at described laser channeling 321 two ends;
Described detecting module comprise for laser light scattering a scatter channel 331 and be located at described scatter channel 331 two ends detection air sample in a laser intensity detection instrument 332 of fine particle scattering strength and the laser capture device 333 for ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING laser;
Described air duct 31, laser channeling 321 and scatter channel 331 are provided with a crossing spatial measured 34.
Described lasing light emitter 322 and the intersection region 35 of scattered beam be located at described in the crossing spatial 34 measured;
The prism 323 for focusing on also is provided with between described lasing light emitter 322 and intersection region 35.
One photoelectron emissions detector 4, for measuring fine particle carried charge in air sample;
Described photoelectron emissions detector 4 comprises,
One Ultraviolet radiation space 41, for exciting the electronics of fine particle in air sample;
One electron collector 42, for removing the electronics of fine particle in air sample;
One filtrator 43, for collecting the fine particle in air sample;
One Faraday cup 44, for measuring the carried charge of fine particle in described filtrator;
One amplifier 45, for amplifying the signal of carried charge;
One signal processor 5, for being converted to fine particle concentration by described fine particle scattering strength and fine particle carried charge;
One exsiccator 6, for removing the moisture in air sample, is provided with one for removing an active carbon layer 61 of gaseous acid material in described exsiccator 6;
Described PM10 gatherer 1 connects described PM2.5 cutter 2;
Described PM2.5 cutter sweep 2 connects the entrance of described air duct 31;
The outlet of described air duct 31 connects described Ultraviolet radiation space entry 411;
Described Ultraviolet radiation space 41 connects described electron collector 42;
Quartz burner 412 is provided with, for irradiating the air passed through in described Ultraviolet radiation space 41;
Described electron collector 42 connects described filtrator 43 by described Faraday cup import 441;
Described filtrator 43 to be located in described Faraday cup 44 and to be connected described amplifier 45;
Described laser intensity detection instrument 332 and amplifier 45 are all connected described signal processor 5;
Described Faraday cup outlet 442 connects described exsiccator 6;
Described exsiccator 6 connects described air pump 7.
Described air pump 7 connects described kapillary I81 and kapillary II82;
Described kapillary I81 and kapillary II82 are connected PM10 gatherer 1 and the external world respectively.
The present invention also provides another technical scheme, a kind of fine particle measuring method, the technological process of described fine particle measuring method is: (1) is collected air sample (2) fine particle (3) be separated in air sample and measured the fine particle scattering strength in air sample and the fine particle concentration (4) be converted in air sample measures fine particle carried charge in air sample and fine particle concentration (5) the dry decontamination residual air be converted in air sample; (6) residual air recycles.
The concrete steps of described fine particle measuring method are:
(1) collect air sample, collected the air sample that will measure by PM10 gatherer, and according to air conditions described air sample heated and/or dilute;
(2) be separated the fine particle in air sample, be separated by PM2.5 cutter, the particle that diameter is greater than 2.5 microns is removed, and diameter is less than and equals 2.5 microns by described PM2.5 cutter;
(3) measure the fine particle scattering strength in air sample and be converted to fine particle concentration, measured the scattering strength of fine particle in air sample by laser light scattering instrument, and by signal processor, the scattering strength of fine particle in described air sample is converted to the concentration of fine particle in air sample;
(4) measure the fine particle carried charge in air sample and be converted to fine particle concentration, the fine particle in air sample is collected by photoelectron emissions detector, and measure the carried charge of fine particle, then amplified the signal of carried charge by amplifier, then by signal processor, the carried charge of fine particle in described air sample is converted to the concentration of fine particle in air sample;
(5) dry decontamination residual air, air sample is collected the residual air after fine particle, removes moisture in described residual air and gaseous state acidic materials by the exsiccator being provided with active carbon layer;
(6) residual air recycles, and by air pump steady air flow, and by kapillary, the residual air after purification is branched to PM10 gatherer respectively and is used for diluent air sample and the external world.
The beneficial effect of above technical scheme is adopted to be: the feature of the method is combined with laser scattering method and photoelectron emissions detection method exactly, in laser scattering method, signal increases along with the increase of grain size, and for photoelectron emissions detection method, signal reduces along with the increase of grain size; Otherwise the signal of laser scattering method reduces along with the reduction of grain size, and photoelectron emissions detection method is along with particle limit is little, and change is large; By combining this two kinds of methods, particle properties can be slackened on the impact of measuring; Simultaneously by adopting purification plant and part flow arrangement, can clean air-air sample be utilized to dilute by direct circulation, save equipment.
Above-described is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, and without departing from the concept of the premise of the invention, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a fine particle measurement mechanism, for detecting the content of the PM2.5 in air, comprise the PM10 gatherer for collecting air sample, for separating of the PM2.5 cutter of fine particle in described air sample, for detecting the pick-up unit of fine particle content in air sample and the air pump for steady air flow, it is characterized in that, described pick-up unit comprises
Laser light scattering instrument, for measuring fine particle scattering strength in air sample;
Photoelectron emissions detector, for measuring fine particle carried charge in air sample;
Signal processor, for being converted to fine particle concentration by described fine particle scattering strength and fine particle carried charge;
The outlet of described PM10 gatherer connects the import of described PM2.5 cutter;
The outlet of described PM2.5 cutter connects described laser light scattering instrument;
Described laser light scattering instrument connects described photoelectron emissions detector;
Described photoelectron emissions instrument connects described air pump;
Described laser light scattering instrument is also connected described signal processor respectively with photoelectron emissions detector.
2. fine particle measurement mechanism according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described laser light scattering instrument comprises air duct, laser module and detecting module,
Described laser module comprises the laser channeling that passes through for laser and is located at the lasing light emitter for Emission Lasers at described laser channeling two ends and the laser capture device for absorbing laser;
Described detecting module comprise for laser light scattering scatter channel and be located at described scatter channel two ends detection air sample in the laser intensity detection instrument of fine particle scattering strength and the laser capture device for ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING laser;
Described air duct, laser channeling and scatter channel are provided with the crossing spatial measured;
The incident ray of described lasing light emitter and the intersection region of laser light scattering light be located at described in the crossing spatial measured;
The outlet of described PM2.5 cutter connects the import of described air duct;
Described laser intensity detection instrument connects described signal processor.
3. fine particle measurement mechanism according to claim 2, is characterized in that, is also provided with the prism for focusing between described lasing light emitter and intersection region.
4. fine particle measurement mechanism according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described photoelectron emissions detector comprises,
Ultraviolet radiation space, for exciting the electronics of fine particle in air sample;
Electron collector, for removing the electronics of fine particle in air sample;
Filtrator, for collecting the fine particle in air sample;
Faraday cup, for measuring the carried charge of fine particle in described filtrator;
Amplifier, for amplifying the signal of carried charge;
The outlet of described air duct connects the import in described Ultraviolet radiation space;
The outlet in described Ultraviolet radiation space connects the import of described electron collector;
The outlet of described electron collector connects described filtrator;
Described filtrator to be located in described Faraday cup and to be connected described amplifier;
Described amplifier connects described signal processor;
The outlet of described Faraday cup connects described air pump.
5. fine particle measurement mechanism according to claim 4, is characterized in that, is also provided with the exsiccator for removing moisture in air between described Faraday cup and air pump.
6. fine particle measurement mechanism according to claim 5, is characterized in that, is provided with the active carbon layer for removing gaseous acid material in described exsiccator.
7. fine particle measurement mechanism according to claim 6, is characterized in that, be also provided with the part flow arrangement for recycling the rear air of purification after described air pump, described part flow arrangement is the kapillary for shunt gas; Described gas delivery side of pump connects the import of described kapillary; The outlet of described kapillary connects described PM10 gatherer and the external world respectively.
8. a fine particle measuring method, it is characterized in that, the technological process of described fine particle measuring method is: (1) is collected air sample (2) fine particle (3) be separated in air sample and measured the fine particle scattering strength in air sample and the fine particle concentration (4) be converted in air sample measures fine particle carried charge in air sample and the fine particle concentration be converted in air sample.
9. fine particle measuring method according to claim 8, is characterized in that, the technological process of described fine particle measuring method also comprises: a, dry decontamination residual air; B, residual air recycle.
10. fine particle measuring method according to claim 9, is characterized in that, the concrete steps of described fine particle measuring method are:
(1) collect air sample, collected the air sample that will measure by PM10 gatherer, and according to air conditions described air sample heated and/or dilute;
(2) be separated the fine particle in air sample, be separated by PM2.5 cutter, the particle that diameter is greater than 2.5 microns is removed, and diameter is less than and equals 2.5 microns by described PM2.5 cutter;
(3) measure the fine particle scattering strength in air sample and be converted to fine particle concentration, measured the scattering strength of fine particle in air sample by laser light scattering instrument, and by signal processor, the scattering strength of fine particle in described air sample is converted to the concentration of fine particle in air sample;
(4) measure the fine particle carried charge in air sample and be converted to fine particle concentration, the fine particle in air sample is collected by photoelectron emissions detector, and measure the carried charge of fine particle, then amplified the signal of carried charge by amplifier, then by signal processor, the carried charge of fine particle in described air sample is converted to the concentration of fine particle in air sample;
(5) dry decontamination residual air, air sample is collected the residual air after fine particle, removes moisture in described residual air and gaseous state acidic materials by the exsiccator being provided with active carbon layer;
(6) residual air recycles, and by air pump steady air flow, and by kapillary, the residual air after purification is branched to PM10 gatherer respectively and is used for diluent air sample and the external world.
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