CN203941085U - A kind of fine particle measurement mechanism - Google Patents
A kind of fine particle measurement mechanism Download PDFInfo
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- CN203941085U CN203941085U CN201420244684.5U CN201420244684U CN203941085U CN 203941085 U CN203941085 U CN 203941085U CN 201420244684 U CN201420244684 U CN 201420244684U CN 203941085 U CN203941085 U CN 203941085U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of fine particle measurement mechanism, for detection of the content of airborne PM2.5, comprise PM10 gatherer for collecting air sample, for separating of the PM2.5 cutter of described air sample fine particle, for detection of the pick-up unit of fine particle content in air sample and for the air pump of steady air flow, described pick-up unit comprises laser light scattering instrument, signal processor of photoelectron emissions detector, described fine particle measurement mechanism is simple and reliable, cheap, and can save equipment.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of fine particle measurement mechanism.
Background technology
Because fine particulates produces very large harm to the health of human body, especially be less than the particle of 2.5 microns, PM2.5 is because volume is smaller, there is very large specific surface area, thereby easily adsorb noxious material, and these particles can arrive deep lung easily, thereby cause various pulmonary disease, country has issued " ambient air quality " standard of new revision for this reason.New standard has increased the concentration limit examination criteria of PM2.5.Therefore need a simple and reliable and cheap PM2.5 real-time measurement equipment badly.
Measuring the most classical method of PM2.5 is exactly the filter membrane method of the utility model fifties, this method only needs a PM2.5 cutting head, pump and film frame and filter membrane thereof, gather after 24 hours samples, taking off filter membrane weighs, if desired can 3 samples of parallel acquisition, after constant temperature and humidity, weigh again.This reliable and practical method has been write into Deutsche industry norm (DIN) in 1975, for calibrating various surveying instruments.The shortcoming of this method is, air-flow is long-time constantly by sampling membrane, and the material collecting on filter membrane is along with the variation of air-flow and temperature can cause volatility and half volatile material damage.Meanwhile, some superfine little particles still can cause testing result on the low side through filter membrane; On the contrary, gaseous material also may be adsorbed by filter membrane, causes result higher.And the method can not realize the Real-Time Monitoring of PM2.5.
Quartz trace concussion sedimentation balance method is the most frequently used method of current China a lot of city monitoring PM10, also can be used for determining the concentration of PM2.5.The method has been utilized the piezoelectric property of quartz-crystal resonator, quartz crystal oscillator electrode surface quality is changed to the frequency change that is converted into quartz crystal oscillator circuit output electrical signals.Advantage is that quantitative relationship is clear and definite, especially to granule.Shortcoming is the loss that current technology cannot solve the rear volatility of sample heating and half volatile material, causes measurement result to be considered on the low side; If increase film dynamic calibration system, can cause because technology is immature that cost significantly increases, complicated operation, most critical be that instrument failure rate significantly raises, be difficult to obtain quality data.And quartz trace concussion sedimentation balance method is very high to the requirement of measurement environment, such as air themperature, humidity, pressure, is therefore not suitable for southern humid area and pollutes too serious city.
Another more common method of measuring PM10 or PM2.5 is β rays method.First certain thickness particle is collected in the filter membrane surface between β source and Geiger tube.In the time that β ray passes through, its intensity is weak gradually along with the increase of thickness.Can extrapolate the quality of the particle adsorbing on filter membrane according to the numerical value change of the Geiger tube before and after sampling.β rays method occupy two hypothesis: the one, and the sampling membrane band homogeneous of instrument; The 2nd, the particle physics characteristic homogeneous collecting.Often and be false, therefore determination data is generally considered to higher to above-mentioned two hypothesis, and this detection method is at relative clean and dry regional failure rate is low, higher in moist high-temperature area failure rate.And this equipment cost is relatively high.
Secondly conventional method also has laser scattering method.The method utilization be that in air, particle can light scattering.Can indirectly determine the concentration of particle by measuring scattering light intensity.Utilize the measurement of laser scattering method to be subject to the impact of grain size.By determining number concentration and the big or small mass concentration that can calculate particle of particle.Conventionally laser scattering method is only more responsive to 0.3 micron of above particle, and the density of particle is also unknown, produces very large error thereby cause PM2.5 to measure.
In addition, also having a kind of is exactly photoelectron emissions detection method for the method for determining the granule density producing from combustion process.The party's ratio juris is exactly that the particle that carrys out spontaneous combustion generation contains aromatic hydrocarbons conventionally, and these materials are very responsive to ultraviolet ray.By ultraviolet irradiation, these materials will discharge electronics.Remove the electronics that these eject, particle will become positively charged like this.The carried charge of particle becomes ratio with the mass concentration of particle.This method is suitable for the measurement that is less than a micron particles.
Utility model content
For addressing the above problem, it is a kind of simple and reliable that the utility model provides, and cheap fine particle measurement mechanism.
For achieving the above object, the utility model provides following technical scheme: a kind of fine particle measurement mechanism, for detection of the content of airborne PM2.5, comprise PM10 gatherer for collecting air sample, for separating of the PM2.5 cutter of described air sample fine particle, for detection of the pick-up unit of fine particle content in air sample and for the air pump of steady air flow, described pick-up unit comprises
Laser light scattering instrument, for measuring air sample fine particle scattering strength;
Photoelectron emissions detector, for measuring air sample fine particle carried charge;
Signal processor, for being converted to fine particle concentration by described fine particle scattering strength and fine particle carried charge;
Described PM10 gatherer connects described PM2.5 cutter;
Described PM2.5 cutter connects described laser light scattering instrument;
Described laser light scattering instrument connects described photoelectron emissions detector;
Described photoelectron emissions instrument connects described air pump;
Described laser light scattering instrument is also connected respectively described signal processor with photoelectron emissions detector.
Described laser light scattering instrument comprises air duct, laser module and detecting module,
Described laser module comprise the laser channeling that passes through for laser and be located at described laser channeling two ends for the lasing light emitter of Emission Lasers with for the laser capture device of absorbing laser;
Described detecting module comprise for the scatter channel of laser light scattering and be located at described scatter channel two ends detection air sample fine particle scattering strength laser intensity detection instrument and for the laser capture device of ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING laser;
Described air duct, laser channeling and scatter channel are provided with the intersection space of having measured;
What described lasing light emitter incident ray had been measured described in being located at the intersection region of laser light scattering light intersects in space;
The outlet of described PM2.5 cutter connects the import of described air duct;
Described laser intensity detection instrument connects described signal processor.
Between described lasing light emitter and intersection region, be also provided with the prism for focusing on.
Described photoelectron emissions detector comprises,
Space is irradiated in ultraviolet ray, for exciting the electronics of air sample fine particle;
Electron collector, for removing the electronics of air sample fine particle;
Filtrator, for collecting the fine particle of air sample;
Faraday cup, for measuring the carried charge of described filtrator fine particle;
Amplifier, for amplifying the signal of carried charge;
The outlet of described air duct connects the import that space is irradiated in described ultraviolet ray;
The outlet that space is irradiated in described ultraviolet ray connects the import of described electron collector;
The outlet of described electron collector connects described filtrator;
Described filtrator is located in described Faraday cup and is connected described amplifier;
Described amplifier connects described signal processor;
The outlet of described Faraday cup connects described air pump.
Preferably, between described Faraday cup and air pump, be also provided with the exsiccator for removing air moisture.
Preferably, in described exsiccator, be provided with the active carbon layer for removing gaseous state acidic materials.
Preferably, be also provided with the part flow arrangement that purifies rear air for recycling after described air pump, described part flow arrangement is the kapillary for shunting gas; Described gas delivery side of pump connects described import capillaceous; Described outlet capillaceous connects respectively described PM10 gatherer and the external world.
Adopt the beneficial effect of above technical scheme to be: the feature of the method has combined laser scattering method and photoelectron emissions detection method exactly, in laser scattering method, signal increases along with the increase of grain size, and for photoelectron emissions detection method, signal reduces along with the increase of grain size; Otherwise the signal of laser scattering method reduces along with reducing of grain size, and photoelectron emissions detection method is along with particle limit is little, change is large; By combining this two kinds of methods, can slacken particle properties to the impact of measuring; Simultaneously by adopting purification plant and part flow arrangement, air-air sample that can direct circulation utilization cleaning dilutes, and has saved equipment.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is compositional block diagram of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of laser light scattering instrument in the utility model;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of photoelectron emissions detector in the utility model;
Fig. 4 is the process chart that a kind of PM2.5 of the utility model measures measuring method.
Wherein, 1.PM10 gatherer 2.PM2.5 separation vessel 3. laser light scattering instrument 31. air duct 321. laser channeling 322. lasing light emitter 323. prism 324. laser capture device 331. scatter channel 332. laser intensity detection instrument 333. scattering laser catchers 34. intersect space 35. intersection region 4. photoelectron emissions detectors 41. ultraviolet rays and irradiate space 411. ultraviolet rays and irradiate space import 412. quartz burner 42. electron collector 43. filtrator 44. Faraday cup 441. Faraday cup import 442. Faraday cups and export 45. amplifier 5. signal processor 6. exsiccator 61. active carbon layer 7. air pump 8. part flow arrangement 81. kapillary I 82. kapillary II
embodiment
Describe preferred implementation of the present utility model in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, as shown in legend wherein, a kind of fine particle measurement mechanism, for detection of the content of airborne PM2.5, comprise a PM10 gatherer 1 for collecting air sample, for separating of a PM2.5 cutter 2 of described air sample fine particle, for detection of a pick-up unit of fine particle content in air sample, for remove an exsiccator 6 of air sample moisture, for an air pump 7 of steady air flow and for recycle purify after a part flow arrangement 8 of air, described pick-up unit comprises
One laser light scattering instrument 3, for measuring air sample fine particle scattering strength;
Described laser light scattering instrument 3 comprises an air duct 31, a laser module and a detecting module,
Described laser module comprise the laser channeling 321 passing through for laser and be located at described laser channeling 321 two ends for a lasing light emitter 322 of Emission Lasers with for a laser capture device 324 of absorbing laser;
Described detecting module comprise for a scatter channel 331 of laser light scattering and be located at described scatter channel 331 two ends detection air sample fine particle scattering strength a laser intensity detection instrument 332 and for a laser capture device 333 of ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING laser;
Described air duct 31, laser channeling 321 and scatter channel 331 are provided with an intersection space 34 of having measured.
What described lasing light emitter 322 incident raies had been measured described in being located at the intersection region 35 of laser light scattering light intersects in space 34;
Between described lasing light emitter 322 and intersection region 35, be also provided with the prism 323 for focusing on.
One photoelectron emissions detector 4, for measuring air sample fine particle carried charge;
Described photoelectron emissions detector 4 comprises,
Space 41 is irradiated in one ultraviolet ray, for exciting the electronics of air sample fine particle;
One electron collector 42, for removing the electronics of air sample fine particle;
One filtrator 43, for collecting the fine particle of air sample;
One Faraday cup 44, for measuring the carried charge of described filtrator fine particle;
One amplifier 45, for amplifying the signal of carried charge;
One signal processor 5, for being converted to fine particle concentration by described fine particle scattering strength and fine particle carried charge;
One exsiccator 6, for removing the moisture of air sample, is provided with one for removing an active carbon layer 61 of gaseous state acidic materials in described exsiccator 6;
Described PM10 gatherer 1 connects described PM2.5 cutter 2;
Described PM2.5 cutter sweep 2 connects the entrance of described air duct 31;
The outlet of described air duct 31 connects described ultraviolet ray and irradiates space entrance 411;
Described ultraviolet ray is irradiated space 41 and is connected described electron collector 42;
Described ultraviolet ray is irradiated in space 41 and is provided with quartz burner 412, for irradiating the air passing through;
Described electron collector 42 connects described filtrator 43 by described Faraday cup import 441;
Described filtrator 43 is located in described Faraday cup 44 and is connected described amplifier 45;
Described laser intensity detection instrument 332 is all connected described signal processor 5 with amplifier 45;
Described Faraday cup outlet 442 connects described exsiccator 6;
Described exsiccator 6 connects described air pump 7.
Described air pump 7 connects described kapillary I81 and kapillary II82;
Described kapillary I81 is connected respectively PM10 gatherer 1 and the external world with kapillary II82.
The utility model also provides another technical scheme, a kind of fine particle measuring method, the technological process of described fine particle measuring method is: (1) is collected air sample (2) and separated the fine particle scattering strength in fine particle (3) the mensuration air sample in air sample and be converted to the fine particle carried charge in fine particle concentration (4) the mensuration air sample in air sample and be converted to fine particle concentration (5) the dry decontamination residual air in air sample; (6) residual air recycles.
Referring to Fig. 4, the concrete steps of described fine particle measuring method are:
(1) collect air sample, collect the air sample that will measure by PM10 gatherer, and according to air situation, described air sample is heated and/or diluted;
(2) separate the fine particle in air sample, separate by PM2.5 cutter, diameter is greater than the particle of 2.5 microns and is removed, and diameter is less than and equals 2.5 microns by described PM2.5 cutter;
(3) measure the fine particle scattering strength in air sample and be converted to fine particle concentration, measure the scattering strength of fine particle in air sample by laser light scattering instrument, and by signal processor, the scattering strength of fine particle in described air sample is converted to the concentration of fine particle in air sample;
(4) measure the fine particle carried charge in air sample and be converted to fine particle concentration, collect the fine particle in air sample by photoelectron emissions detector, and measure the carried charge of fine particle, then amplify the signal of carried charge by amplifier, then by signal processor, the carried charge of fine particle in described air sample is converted to the concentration of fine particle in air sample;
(5) dry decontamination residual air, air sample is collected the residual air after fine particle, removes moisture and the gaseous state acidic materials in described residual air by being provided with the exsiccator of active carbon layer;
(6) residual air recycles, and by air pump steady air flow, and by kapillary, the residual air after purifying is branched to respectively to PM10 gatherer for diluent air sample and the external world.
Adopt the beneficial effect of above technical scheme to be: the feature of the method has combined laser scattering method and photoelectron emissions detection method exactly, in laser scattering method, signal increases along with the increase of grain size, and for photoelectron emissions detection method, signal reduces along with the increase of grain size; Otherwise the signal of laser scattering method reduces along with reducing of grain size, and photoelectron emissions detection method is along with particle limit is little, change is large; By combining this two kinds of methods, can slacken particle properties to the impact of measuring; Simultaneously by adopting purification plant and part flow arrangement, air-air sample that can direct circulation utilization cleaning dilutes, and has saved equipment.
Above-described is only preferred implementation of the present utility model; it should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, do not departing under the prerequisite of the utility model creation design; can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (7)
1. a fine particle measurement mechanism, for detection of the content of airborne PM2.5, comprise PM10 gatherer for collecting air sample, for separating of the PM2.5 cutter of described air sample fine particle, for detection of the pick-up unit of fine particle content in air sample and for the air pump of steady air flow, it is characterized in that, described pick-up unit comprises
Laser light scattering instrument, for measuring air sample fine particle scattering strength;
Photoelectron emissions detector, for measuring air sample fine particle carried charge;
Signal processor, for being converted to fine particle concentration by described fine particle scattering strength and fine particle carried charge;
The outlet of described PM10 gatherer connects the import of described PM2.5 cutter;
The outlet of described PM2.5 cutter connects described laser light scattering instrument;
Described laser light scattering instrument connects described photoelectron emissions detector;
Described photoelectron emissions instrument connects described air pump;
Described laser light scattering instrument is also connected respectively described signal processor with photoelectron emissions detector.
2. fine particle measurement mechanism according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described laser light scattering instrument comprises air duct, laser module and detecting module,
Described laser module comprise the laser channeling that passes through for laser and be located at described laser channeling two ends for the lasing light emitter of Emission Lasers with for the laser capture device of absorbing laser;
Described detecting module comprise for the scatter channel of laser light scattering and be located at described scatter channel two ends detection air sample fine particle scattering strength laser intensity detection instrument and for the laser capture device of ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING laser;
Described air duct, laser channeling and scatter channel are provided with the intersection space of having measured;
What described lasing light emitter incident ray had been measured described in being located at the intersection region of laser light scattering light intersects in space;
The outlet of described PM2.5 cutter connects the import of described air duct;
Described laser intensity detection instrument connects described signal processor.
3. fine particle measurement mechanism according to claim 2, is characterized in that, is also provided with the prism for focusing between described lasing light emitter and intersection region.
4. fine particle measurement mechanism according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described photoelectron emissions detector comprises,
Space is irradiated in ultraviolet ray, for exciting the electronics of air sample fine particle;
Electron collector, for removing the electronics of air sample fine particle;
Filtrator, for collecting the fine particle of air sample;
Faraday cup, for measuring the carried charge of described filtrator fine particle;
Amplifier, for amplifying the signal of carried charge;
The outlet of described air duct connects the import that space is irradiated in described ultraviolet ray;
The outlet that space is irradiated in described ultraviolet ray connects the import of described electron collector;
The outlet of described electron collector connects described filtrator;
Described filtrator is located in described Faraday cup and is connected described amplifier;
Described amplifier connects described signal processor;
The outlet of described Faraday cup connects described air pump.
5. fine particle measurement mechanism according to claim 4, is characterized in that, is also provided with the exsiccator for removing air moisture between described Faraday cup and air pump.
6. fine particle measurement mechanism according to claim 5, is characterized in that, is provided with the active carbon layer for removing gaseous state acidic materials in described exsiccator.
7. fine particle measurement mechanism according to claim 6, is characterized in that, is also provided with the part flow arrangement that purifies rear air for recycling after described air pump, and described part flow arrangement is the kapillary for shunting gas; Described gas delivery side of pump connects described import capillaceous; Described outlet capillaceous connects respectively described PM10 gatherer and the external world.
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| CN201420244684.5U CN203941085U (en) | 2014-05-14 | 2014-05-14 | A kind of fine particle measurement mechanism |
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| CN201420244684.5U CN203941085U (en) | 2014-05-14 | 2014-05-14 | A kind of fine particle measurement mechanism |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104456870A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-03-25 | 重庆大学 | Fresh air and return air adjusting method and device for air-conditioning systems |
| CN105092441A (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2015-11-25 | 苏州元泰自动化科技有限公司 | Fine particle matter measuring device and measuring method |
| CN110662952A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2020-01-07 | Tsi有限公司 | Particulate matter sensor and method thereof |
-
2014
- 2014-05-14 CN CN201420244684.5U patent/CN203941085U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105092441A (en) * | 2014-05-14 | 2015-11-25 | 苏州元泰自动化科技有限公司 | Fine particle matter measuring device and measuring method |
| CN104456870A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2015-03-25 | 重庆大学 | Fresh air and return air adjusting method and device for air-conditioning systems |
| CN104456870B (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2017-01-25 | 重庆大学 | Fresh air and return air adjusting method and device for air-conditioning systems |
| CN110662952A (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2020-01-07 | Tsi有限公司 | Particulate matter sensor and method thereof |
| CN110662952B (en) * | 2017-04-17 | 2022-09-06 | Tsi有限公司 | Particulate matter sensor and method thereof |
| US11604131B2 (en) | 2017-04-17 | 2023-03-14 | Tsi Incorporated | Particulate matter sensor and method therefor |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20141112 Termination date: 20150514 |
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| EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |