CN203929582U - A kind of photoelectron emissions pick-up unit for detection of fine particle - Google Patents
A kind of photoelectron emissions pick-up unit for detection of fine particle Download PDFInfo
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- CN203929582U CN203929582U CN201420246897.1U CN201420246897U CN203929582U CN 203929582 U CN203929582 U CN 203929582U CN 201420246897 U CN201420246897 U CN 201420246897U CN 203929582 U CN203929582 U CN 203929582U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of photoelectron emissions pick-up unit for detection of fine particle, comprise the PM10 gatherer for collecting air sample, for separating of the PM2.5 cutter of fine particle in described air sample, for measuring the pick-up unit of air sample fine particle concentration and the air pump for steady air flow, described pick-up unit comprises photoelectron emissions sensor for measuring air sample fine particle carried charge and for described fine particle carried charge being converted to the signal processor of fine particle concentration, the utility model is simple in structure, with low cost, be applicable to the Real-Time Monitoring of PM2.5 in air.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of pick-up unit, particularly relates to a kind of photoelectron emissions pick-up unit for detection of fine particle.
Background technology
Because fine particulates produces very large harm to the health of human body, especially be less than the particle of 2.5 microns, PM2.5 is because volume is smaller, there is very large specific surface area, thereby easily adsorb noxious material, and these particles can arrive deep lung easily, thereby cause various pulmonary disease, country has issued " (ambient air quality) " standard of new revision for this reason.New standard has increased the concentration limit examination criteria of PM2.5.Therefore need a simple and reliable and cheap PM2.5 real-time measurement equipment badly.
Measuring the most classical method of PM2.5 is exactly the filter membrane method of the utility model fifties, this method only needs a PM2.5 cutting head, pump and film frame and filter membrane thereof, gather after 24 hours samples, taking off filter membrane weighs, if desired can 3 samples of parallel acquisition, after constant temperature and humidity, weigh again.This reliable and practical method has been write into Deutsche industry norm (DIN) in 1975, for calibrating various surveying instruments.The shortcoming of this method is, air-flow is long-time constantly by sampling membrane, and the material collecting on filter membrane is along with the variation of air-flow and temperature can cause volatility and half volatile material damage.Meanwhile, some superfine little particles still can cause testing result on the low side through filter membrane; On the contrary, gaseous material also may be adsorbed by filter membrane, causes result higher.And the method can not realize the Real-Time Monitoring of PM2.5.
Quartz trace concussion sedimentation balance method is the most frequently used method of current China a lot of city monitoring PM10, also can be used for determining the concentration of PM2.5.The method has been utilized the piezoelectric property of quartz-crystal resonator, quartz crystal oscillator electrode surface quality is changed to the frequency change that is converted into quartz crystal oscillator circuit output electrical signals.Advantage is that quantitative relationship is clear and definite, especially to granule.Shortcoming is the loss that current technology cannot solve the rear volatility of sample heating and half volatile material, causes measurement result to be considered on the low side; If increase film dynamic calibration system, can cause because technology is immature that cost significantly increases, complicated operation, most critical be that instrument failure rate significantly raises, be difficult to obtain quality data.And quartz trace concussion sedimentation balance method is very high to the requirement of measurement environment, such as air themperature, humidity, pressure, is therefore not suitable for southern humid area and pollutes too serious city.
Another more common method of measuring PM10 or PM2.5 is β rays method.First certain thickness particle is collected in the filter membrane surface between β source and Geiger tube.In the time that β ray passes through, its intensity is weak gradually along with the increase of thickness.Can extrapolate the quality of the particle adsorbing on filter membrane according to the numerical value change of the Geiger tube before and after sampling.β rays method occupy two hypothesis: the one, and the sampling membrane band homogeneous of instrument; The 2nd, the particle physics characteristic homogeneous collecting.Often and be false, therefore determination data is generally considered to higher to above-mentioned two hypothesis, and this detection method is at relative clean and dry regional failure rate is low, higher in moist high-temperature area failure rate.And this equipment cost is relatively high.
Utility model content
For addressing the above problem, it is a kind of simple and reliable that the utility model provides, and the cheap photoelectron emissions pick-up unit for detection of fine particle.
For achieving the above object, the utility model provides following technical scheme: a kind of photoelectron emissions pick-up unit for detection of fine particle, comprise the PM10 gatherer for collecting air sample, for separating of the PM2.5 cutter of fine particle in described air sample, for measuring the pick-up unit of air sample fine particle concentration and the air pump for steady air flow, described pick-up unit comprises photoelectron emissions sensor for measuring air sample fine particle carried charge and for described fine particle carried charge being converted to the signal processor of fine particle concentration, described photoelectron emissions sensor comprises,
Space is irradiated in ultraviolet ray, for exciting the electronics of air sample fine particle;
Electron collector, for removing the electronics of air sample fine particle;
Filtrator, for collecting the fine particle of air sample;
Faraday cup, for measuring the carried charge of described filtrator fine particle;
Amplifier, for amplifying the signal of carried charge;
The outlet of described PM10 gatherer connects the import of described PM2.5 cutter;
The outlet of described PM2.5 cutter connects the import that space is irradiated in described ultraviolet ray;
The outlet that space is irradiated in described ultraviolet ray connects the import of described electron collector;
The outlet of described electron collector connects the import of described filtrator;
Described filtrator is located in described Faraday cup, and connects described amplifier;
The outlet of described Faraday cup connects described air pump;
Described amplifier connects described signal processor.
Preferably, between described Faraday cup and air pump, be also provided with the exsiccator for removing air moisture.
Preferably, in described exsiccator, be provided with the active carbon layer for removing gaseous state acidic materials.
Preferably, after described air pump, be also provided with the part flow arrangement that purifies rear air for recycling.
Preferably, described part flow arrangement is the proportional kapillary of flow for shunting gas; Described gas delivery side of pump connects described entrance capillaceous; Described outlet capillaceous connects respectively described PM10 gatherer and the external world.
Adopt the beneficial effect of above technical scheme to be: by determining the method for the granule density producing from combustion process, i.e. photoelectron emissions detection method; The party's ratio juris is exactly that the particle that carrys out spontaneous combustion generation contains aromatic hydrocarbons conventionally, and these materials are very responsive to ultraviolet ray; By ultraviolet irradiation, these materials will discharge electronics.Remove the electronics that these eject, particle will become positively charged like this.The carried charge of particle becomes ratio with the mass concentration of particle.This method simple practical, and cost is low.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is compositional block diagram of the present utility model;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of photoelectron emissions sensor in the utility model;
Fig. 3 is process chart of the present utility model.
Wherein, 1.PM10 gatherer 2.PM2.5 separation vessel 3. photoelectron emissions sensor 31. ultraviolet ray irradiation space 311. ultraviolet ray irradiation space import 312. quartz burner 32. electron collector 33. filtrator 34. Faraday cup 341. Faraday cup import 342. Faraday cups export 35. amplifier 4. signal processor 5. exsiccator 51. active carbon layer 6. air pump 7. part flow arrangement 71. kapillary I 72. kapillary II
Embodiment
Describe preferred implementation of the present utility model in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, as shown in legend wherein, for detection of a photoelectron emissions pick-up unit for fine particle, comprise a PM10 gatherer 1 for collecting air sample, for separating of a PM2.5 cutter 2 of described air sample fine particle, for measure a pick-up unit of air sample fine particle concentration, for remove an exsiccator 5 of air moisture, for an air pump 6 of steady air flow and for recycle purify after the flow of air be 10:1 kapillary I71 and kapillary II72.
Described pick-up unit comprises a photoelectron emissions sensor 3 for measuring air sample fine particle carried charge and for described fine particle carried charge being converted to a signal processor 4 of fine particle concentration, and described photoelectron emissions sensor comprises,
Space 31 is irradiated in one ultraviolet ray, for exciting the electronics of air sample fine particle;
One electron collector 32, for removing the electronics of air sample fine particle;
One filtrator 33, for collecting the fine particle of air sample;
One Faraday cup 34, for measuring the carried charge of described filtrator fine particle;
One amplifier 35, for amplifying the signal of carried charge;
The outlet of described PM10 gatherer 1 connects the import of described PM2.5 cutter 2;
The outlet of described PM2.5 cutter 2 connects the import 311 that space is irradiated in described ultraviolet ray;
The outlet that space 31 is irradiated in described ultraviolet ray connects the import of described electron collector 32;
The outlet of described electron collector 32 connects the import of described filtrator 33 by the import 341 of described Faraday cup;
Described filtrator 33 is located in described Faraday cup 34, and connects described amplifier 35;
The outlet 342 of described Faraday cup connects described exsiccator 5; Described exsiccator 5 connects described air pump 6;
Described amplifier 35 also connects described signal processor 4.
The outlet of described kapillary I71 connects described PM10 gatherer 1
The outlet of described kapillary II72 connects extraneous.
The technological process of described PM2.5 measuring method is: (1) is collected air sample (2) and separated the fine particle carried charge in fine particle (3) the mensuration air sample in air sample and be converted to fine particle concentration (4) the dry decontamination residual air in air sample; (5) residual air recycles.
Referring to Fig. 3, the concrete steps of described PM2.5 measuring method are:
(1) collect air sample, collect the air sample that will measure, and according to air situation, described air sample is heated and/or diluted by PM10 gatherer 1, described air mass flow is 3.3L/ minute;
(2) separate the fine particle in air sample, separate by PM2.5 cutter 2, diameter is greater than the particle of 2.5 microns and is removed, and diameter is less than and equals 2.5 microns by described PM2.5 cutter;
(3) measure the fine particle carried charge in air sample and be converted to fine particle concentration, collect the fine particle in air sample by photoelectron emissions sensor 3, and measure the carried charge of fine particle, then amplify the signal of carried charge by amplifier 35, then by signal processor 4, the carried charge of fine particle in described air sample is converted to the concentration of fine particle in air sample;
(4) dry decontamination residual air, air sample is collected the residual air after fine particle, removes the moisture in described residual air by exsiccator 5;
(5) residual air recycles, by air pump 6 steady air flows, and by kapillary I71 by the residual air after purifying within 3L/ minute, branch to PM10 gatherer 1 for diluent air sample, will after purifying, within residual air 0.3L/ minute, lead to the external world by kapillary II72.
Embodiment 2
All the other are identical with described embodiment 1, and difference is, is provided with the active carbon layer 61 for removing gaseous state acidic materials in described exsiccator 6.
Adopt the beneficial effect of above technical scheme to be: the feature of the method has combined laser scattering method and photoelectron emissions detection method exactly, in laser scattering method, signal increases along with the increase of grain size, and for photoelectron emissions detection method, signal reduces along with the increase of grain size; Otherwise the signal of laser scattering method reduces along with reducing of grain size, and photoelectron emissions detection method is along with particle limit is little, change is large; By combining this two kinds of methods, can slacken particle properties to the impact of measuring; Simultaneously by adopting purification plant and part flow arrangement, air-air sample that can direct circulation utilization cleaning dilutes, and has saved equipment.
Above-described is only preferred implementation of the present utility model; it should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, do not departing under the prerequisite of the utility model creation design; can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection domain of the present utility model.
Claims (5)
1. the photoelectron emissions pick-up unit for detection of fine particle, comprise PM10 gatherer for collecting air sample, for separating of the PM2.5 cutter of described air sample fine particle, for measuring the pick-up unit of air sample fine particle concentration and the air pump for steady air flow, it is characterized in that, described pick-up unit comprises photoelectron emissions sensor for measuring air sample fine particle carried charge and for described fine particle carried charge being converted to the signal processor of fine particle concentration, described photoelectron emissions sensor comprises
Space is irradiated in ultraviolet ray, for exciting the electronics of air sample fine particle;
Electron collector, for removing the electronics of air sample fine particle;
Filtrator, for collecting the fine particle of air sample;
Faraday cup, for measuring the carried charge of described filtrator fine particle;
Amplifier, for amplifying the signal of carried charge;
The outlet of described PM10 gatherer connects the import of described PM2.5 cutter;
The outlet of described PM2.5 cutter connects the import that space is irradiated in described ultraviolet ray;
The outlet that space is irradiated in described ultraviolet ray connects the import of described electron collector;
The outlet of described electron collector connects the import of described filtrator;
Described filtrator is located in described Faraday cup, and connects described amplifier;
The outlet of described Faraday cup connects described air pump;
Described amplifier connects described signal processor.
2. the photoelectron emissions pick-up unit for detection of fine particle according to claim 1, is characterized in that, is also provided with the exsiccator for removing air moisture between described Faraday cup and air pump.
3. the photoelectron emissions pick-up unit for detection of fine particle according to claim 2, is characterized in that, is provided with the active carbon layer for removing gaseous state acidic materials in described exsiccator.
4. the photoelectron emissions pick-up unit for detection of fine particle according to claim 3, is characterized in that, is also provided with the part flow arrangement that purifies rear air for recycling after described air pump.
5. the photoelectron emissions pick-up unit for detection of fine particle according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described part flow arrangement is the proportional kapillary of the flow for shunting gas; Described gas delivery side of pump connects described entrance capillaceous; Described outlet capillaceous connects respectively described PM10 gatherer and the external world.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420246897.1U CN203929582U (en) | 2014-05-14 | 2014-05-14 | A kind of photoelectron emissions pick-up unit for detection of fine particle |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420246897.1U CN203929582U (en) | 2014-05-14 | 2014-05-14 | A kind of photoelectron emissions pick-up unit for detection of fine particle |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN203929582U true CN203929582U (en) | 2014-11-05 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201420246897.1U Expired - Fee Related CN203929582U (en) | 2014-05-14 | 2014-05-14 | A kind of photoelectron emissions pick-up unit for detection of fine particle |
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2014
- 2014-05-14 CN CN201420246897.1U patent/CN203929582U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20141105 Termination date: 20150514 |
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| EXPY | Termination of patent right or utility model |