CN109540754B - Atmospheric particulate on-line monitoring device and method based on beta-ray method - Google Patents
Atmospheric particulate on-line monitoring device and method based on beta-ray method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109540754B CN109540754B CN201811619787.4A CN201811619787A CN109540754B CN 109540754 B CN109540754 B CN 109540754B CN 201811619787 A CN201811619787 A CN 201811619787A CN 109540754 B CN109540754 B CN 109540754B
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- 230000005250 beta ray Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
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Abstract
The invention discloses an on-line monitoring device and method for atmospheric particulates based on a beta-ray method, comprising a sampling chamber and a vacuum pump, wherein one end of the sampling chamber is connected with an air inlet, and the other end of the sampling chamber is connected with an air outlet; the upper part of the sampling chamber is connected with a detector, and the lower part of the sampling chamber is connected with a beta ray source; the paper tape passes through the sampling chamber and is positioned between the detector and the beta-ray source, one end of the paper tape is connected with the paper feeding driving wheel, and the other end of the paper tape is connected with the paper feeding driven wheel; the spots of the detector, the beta ray source and the paper tape are on the same straight line; the sampling chamber is also connected with a pressure sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor, and probes of the pressure sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor are positioned in the sampling chamber. According to the invention, through monitoring the temperature and pressure changes of the sampling chamber, the temperature and pressure changes are respectively counted, compensated and corrected, so that the accuracy of online measurement of the concentration of the particulate matters is greatly improved, and the method has important significance for online real-time measurement of the concentration of the particulate matters in the atmosphere.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of online detection of atmosphere, in particular to an online monitoring device and an online monitoring method of atmospheric particulate matters based on a beta-ray method.
Background
Particulate matter in air is a major cause of atmospheric pollution, and particularly PM10 (particulate matter having a diameter of 10 μm or less) and PM2.5 (particulate matter having a diameter of 2.5 μm or less) inhalable particulate matters may affect the health of a human body. Therefore, the detection of the particulate matters in the atmosphere has important significance for environmental management and human health protection.
The beta-ray method is a detection method based on radiation attenuation. When the beta rays pass through the filter paper with the collected particles, the energy is attenuated, and the detection values before and after the energy attenuation are detected by the detector, so that the concentration of the particles can be calculated. Along with the increasing requirement on the real-time performance of the particle monitoring data, the concentration of the particles is required to be measured by a beta-ray method while the particles are collected. However, as a civil environmental monitoring instrument, the energy of the beta rays is low. The gas acts as an absorbing medium for the beta rays, and when the beta rays are low in energy, the change of the density of the gas can influence the counting of the beta rays by the detector. However, during sampling, according to a gas state equation, the change of the pressure and the temperature in the sampling chamber can influence the change of the gas density in the sampling chamber, so as to influence the counting of the beta rays by the detector, which influences the accuracy of the concentration measurement of the particulate matters to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that when the concentration of particulate matters is measured by adopting a beta-ray method, the change of the pressure and the temperature of a sampling chamber can influence the change of the density of air in the sampling chamber, and the change of the density of the air can influence the counting of a detector, so that the accuracy of the concentration measurement of the particulate matters is influenced, and provides an on-line monitoring device and an on-line monitoring method for the atmospheric particulate matters based on the beta-ray method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an on-line monitoring device for atmospheric particulates based on a beta-ray method comprises a sampling chamber and a vacuum pump, wherein one end of the sampling chamber is connected with an air inlet, and the other end of the sampling chamber is connected with an air outlet; the upper part of the sampling chamber is connected with a detector, and the lower part of the sampling chamber is connected with a beta ray source; the paper tape passes through the sampling chamber and is positioned between the detector and the beta-ray source, one end of the paper tape is connected with the paper feeding driving wheel, and the other end of the paper tape is connected with the paper feeding driven wheel; the spots of the detector, the beta ray source and the paper tape are on the same straight line; the sampling chamber is also connected with a pressure sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor, and probes of the pressure sensor and the temperature and humidity sensor are positioned in the sampling chamber.
An on-line monitoring method of atmospheric particulates based on beta-ray method comprises the following steps: 1) At the same time of sampling, recording the current detector count value N1, the temperature value T1 and the pressure value P1 of the sampling chamber; 2) After a period of time, recording the detector count value N2, the temperature value T2 and the pressure value P2 of the sampling chamber again; 3) Correcting the count value of the detector according to the change of the temperature value and the pressure value of the sampling chamber; 4) And calculating the concentration of the current particulate matters by combining the corrected count value with the system parameters.
As a further improvement of the invention, a bracket is fixedly connected to the outside of the sampling chamber, and a detector, a beta ray source, a temperature and humidity sensor and a pressure sensor are respectively arranged on the bracket.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the correction formula of the count value is n2+ (T1-T2) x1+ (P1-P2) X2, where X1 and X2 are respectively factory test values of the device.
As a further improvement of the invention, X1 is the pressure of the sampling chamber, and the counting change value is obtained after the temperature is changed; and X2 is a counting change value obtained after the temperature and the pressure of the sampling chamber are unchanged.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, through monitoring the temperature and pressure changes of the sampling chamber, the temperature and pressure changes are respectively counted, compensated and corrected, so that the accuracy of online measurement of the concentration of the particulate matters is greatly improved, and the method has important significance for online real-time measurement of the concentration of the particulate matters in the atmosphere.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
The figure shows: 1. the device comprises an air inlet, a2 detector, a 3 paper tape, a 4 paper feeding driving wheel, a 5 temperature and humidity sensor, a 6 beta radioactive source, a 7 air outlet, an 8 pressure sensor and a 9 paper feeding driven wheel.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to fig. 1.
As shown in fig. 1, the on-line monitoring device for the atmospheric particulates based on the beta-ray method comprises a sampling chamber and a vacuum pump, wherein one end of the sampling chamber is connected with an air inlet 1, and the other end of the sampling chamber is connected with an air outlet 7; the upper part of the sampling chamber is connected with a detector 2, and the lower part of the sampling chamber is connected with a beta ray source 6; the paper tape 3 passes through the sampling chamber and is positioned between the detector 2 and the beta-ray source 6, one end of the paper tape 3 is connected with the paper feeding driving wheel 4, and the other end is connected with the paper feeding driven wheel 9; the spots of the detector 2, the beta ray source 6 and the paper tape 3 are on a straight line;
The sampling chamber is also connected with a pressure sensor 8 and a temperature and humidity sensor 5, and probes of the pressure sensor 8 and the temperature and humidity sensor 5 are positioned in the sampling chamber.
Air flows in from an air inlet above the paper tape and flows out from an air outlet below the paper tape, particles in the air are filtered to the paper tape, the paper feeding driving wheel and the paper feeding driven wheel are used for driving the paper tape to feed paper, and when sampling of one spot is finished, the paper feeding driving wheel drives the paper tape to feed paper to the next spot, and a new period is started. The pressure sensor is used for measuring the pressure of the sampling chamber, and the pressure of the sampling chamber is smaller than the ambient atmospheric pressure because the vacuum pump pumps the sampling chamber to negative pressure. The temperature and humidity sensor is used for measuring the temperature and humidity of the sampling chamber;
The particle concentration on-line monitoring device can be used for real-time on-line measurement. The whole system is used for carrying out air extraction and counting the particulate matters at the same time.
According to the equation of state of the gas,，/>，/>Where P is the gas pressure, M is the gas molar mass, ρ is the gas density, R is the gas constant, and T is the gas temperature. As can be seen from the formula, changes in pressure and temperature in the sampling chamber during sampling can affect changes in gas density in the sampling chamber, which can affect the detector's counting of beta rays, which can affect the accuracy of the particulate concentration measurement to some extent.
In the device, a detector, a sampling spot and a beta-ray radiation source are on the same straight line, sampling gas flows in from a near-term port, and particles in the gas are filtered on a paper tape to form the sampling spot. The temperature and humidity detector and the pressure detector respectively record temperature values and pressure values before and after sampling, so that the temperature and pressure changes in the sampling chamber are counted, compensated and corrected, and the current concentration of the particulate matters can be calculated by combining system parameters.
The online monitoring method for the concentration of the particulate matters is characterized in that when the temperature and the pressure in the sampling chamber are changed, the temperature and the pressure are respectively counted, compensated and corrected, so that the accuracy of online measurement of the concentration of the particulate matters is greatly improved, and the online monitoring method for the concentration of the particulate matters in the atmosphere is of great significance to online real-time measurement of the concentration of the particulate matters in the atmosphere.
In the embodiment 1, under the action of a vacuum pump, air flows into a sampling chamber from an air inlet 1 and is discharged from an air outlet 7, and particulate matters in the air are filtered on a paper tape 3; the paper strip 3 passes through the sampling chamber and is mounted between the detector 2 and the beta radiation source 6. The detector 2 and the beta ray source 6 are arranged on the bracket, and the detector 2, the beta ray source 6 and the paper tape 3 are in a straight line; the temperature and humidity sensor 5 and the pressure sensor 8 are arranged on the bracket, and the probe is arranged in the sampling chamber and respectively detects the temperature and humidity and the pressure in the sampling chamber.
As air continuously flows in, particles gradually accumulate, the current detector count N1 is recorded by the detector while sampling is performed, the current temperature value T1 is recorded by the temperature sensor, and the current pressure value P1 is recorded by the pressure sensor; after a time interval, the detector count N2, the temperature value T2, the pressure value P2 are again recorded.
When the energy of the beta rays is low, the gas serves as an absorption medium of the beta rays, and the counting of the beta rays by the detector is affected by the change of the density of the gas. If the temperature of the sampling chamber increases, the gas density is reduced, and the detector count becomes larger; if the pressure of the sampling chamber becomes large, the gas density becomes large, and the detector count becomes small; it is necessary to correct for changes in the count caused by changes in temperature and pressure within the sampling chamber.
The corrected count value is represented by N2+ (T1-T2) X1+ (P1-P2) X2, wherein the coefficient X1 of the sampling chamber temperature caused the count change and the coefficient X2 of the sampling chamber pressure caused the count change are obtained through experiments respectively. The specific measurement method is as follows: firstly, the pressure of the sampling chamber is unchanged, the temperature is changed, the counting change is X1, the temperature of the sampling chamber is unchanged, the pressure is changed, and the counting change is X2.
And according to the N1 and the corrected N2, the concentration of the current particulate matters can be calculated by combining the system parameters. The calculation of the current particulate matter concentration from the count value in combination with the system parameters is prior art and will not be described in any great detail herein.
Three pieces of PM10 data measured by using the device are linearly fitted with PM10 data measured by a manual method. The first table is the result of linear fitting between the data acquired by the device and the manual measurement data, and the second table is the result of linear fitting between the data acquired by the device and the manual measurement data, so that the data acquired by the device are far better than the data which are not subjected to temperature and pressure correction, and the accuracy of online measurement of the concentration of the particulate matters is greatly improved.
According to the invention, through monitoring the temperature and pressure changes of the sampling chamber, the temperature and pressure changes are respectively counted, compensated and corrected, so that the accuracy of online measurement of the concentration of the particulate matters is greatly improved, and the method has important significance for online real-time measurement of the concentration of the particulate matters in the atmosphere.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the protection scheme of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various arrangements and modifications can be made on the basis of the above embodiments, and various modifications of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. An on-line monitoring method of atmospheric particulates based on a beta-ray method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) At the same time of sampling, recording the current detector count value N1, the temperature value T1 and the pressure value P1 of the sampling chamber;
2) After a period of time, recording the detector count value N2, the temperature value T2 and the pressure value P2 of the sampling chamber again;
3) Correcting the count value of the detector according to the change of the temperature value and the pressure value of the sampling chamber;
4) Calculating the concentration of the current particulate matters by combining the corrected count value with the system parameters;
the correction formula of the count value is N2+ (T1-T2) X1+ (P1-P2) X2, wherein X1 and X2 are respectively factory test values of an on-line monitoring device for the atmospheric particulates based on a beta-ray method, and X1 is the constant pressure of a sampling chamber and the count change value is obtained after the temperature is changed; and X2 is a counting change value obtained after the temperature and the pressure of the sampling chamber are unchanged.
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| CN110954455A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-04-03 | 深圳国技环保技术有限公司 | Damping paper feeding online environment atmosphere monitoring equipment and damping paper feeding adjusting method |
| CN112051193B (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2024-05-31 | 亚美智联数据科技有限公司 | Gas particulate concentration detection device, system and method |
| CN112098285B (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2021-04-06 | 天津同阳科技发展有限公司 | Volatile particulate matter compensation measuring device and method based on beta-ray method |
| CN113008745A (en) * | 2021-02-25 | 2021-06-22 | 德航（天津）智能科技有限公司 | Raise dust on-line monitoring device with binary channels beta ray |
| CN113670783A (en) * | 2021-03-22 | 2021-11-19 | 王庚 | Method and device for directly measuring and calculating concentration of particulate matters in gas based on beta-ray method |
| CN113670785A (en) * | 2021-09-27 | 2021-11-19 | 北京伟瑞迪科技有限公司 | Particulate matter concentration monitoring method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN115372220A (en) * | 2022-10-26 | 2022-11-22 | 杭州泽天春来科技有限公司 | Particulate matter concentration detection device |
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| CN204789249U (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2015-11-18 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | High accuracy beta penetrates device of line method on line measurement atmospheric particulates concentration |
| CN209485926U (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-10-11 | 安徽蓝盾光电子股份有限公司 | A kind of Atmospheric particulates on-Line Monitor Device based on β ray method |
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| JP2005315677A (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2005-11-10 | Canon Inc | Detector and detection method |
| CN2854570Y (en) * | 2005-12-27 | 2007-01-03 | 天津中和科技有限公司 | Gas-flow proportional counter tube gas density monitor |
| JP2009014359A (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-22 | Niigata Univ | Three-dimensional noncontact temperature measuring instrument, and three-dimensional noncontact temperature measuring method |
| JP2011145148A (en) * | 2010-01-14 | 2011-07-28 | Yokogawa Electric Corp | Harmonic analyzer and power measuring device |
| CN108303356A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-20 | 安徽蓝盾光电子股份有限公司 | A kind of atmosphere particulate matter monitoring instrument |
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| CN204789249U (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2015-11-18 | 中国工程物理研究院材料研究所 | High accuracy beta penetrates device of line method on line measurement atmospheric particulates concentration |
| CN209485926U (en) * | 2018-12-28 | 2019-10-11 | 安徽蓝盾光电子股份有限公司 | A kind of Atmospheric particulates on-Line Monitor Device based on β ray method |
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