CN108303356A - A kind of atmosphere particulate matter monitoring instrument - Google Patents
A kind of atmosphere particulate matter monitoring instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN108303356A CN108303356A CN201711500931.8A CN201711500931A CN108303356A CN 108303356 A CN108303356 A CN 108303356A CN 201711500931 A CN201711500931 A CN 201711500931A CN 108303356 A CN108303356 A CN 108303356A
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- sampling
- measuring chamber
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- processor
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
- G01N15/0606—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions by collecting particles on a support
- G01N15/0637—Moving support
- G01N15/0643—Moving support of the filter type
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
- G01N1/4077—Concentrating samples by other techniques involving separation of suspended solids
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
- G01N1/4077—Concentrating samples by other techniques involving separation of suspended solids
- G01N2001/4088—Concentrating samples by other techniques involving separation of suspended solids filtration
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of atmosphere particulate matter monitoring instruments, and cutter is transferred by sampling pipe and is inserted into measuring chamber, and sampling pipe heater is provided with outside sampling pipe, and sampling pipe heater lower end is provided with tube wall temperature sensor;The top and bottom of measuring chamber are respectively arranged with scintillator detector component and radioactive source, sampling Temperature Humidity Sensor is provided in measuring chamber, measuring chamber both sides are respectively arranged with paper feeding roller and paper collecting roller, and the filter paper on paper feeding roller passes through after measuring chamber around being connected on paper collecting roller;Measuring chamber quality of connection flow control system, mass flow control system are connected with each other with processor and control circuit.The present invention uses β ray methods, reflection sources use half-life period (more than 5700 years) very long C14, it is constant that the front and back radiation source emittance of sampling can be approximately considered, according to langbobier law combination sampling volume calculate atmosphere particle concentration value, high-performance, low cost, high-precision, being capable of real time on-line monitoring.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technology of instrument and meter fields, and in particular to a kind of atmosphere particulate matter monitoring instrument special instrument.
Background technology
With the rapid economic development in our country, urban air pollution situation is increasingly serious, using PM2.5 as the novel dirt of representative
Haze weather caused by object is contaminated again and again to occur in each large- and-medium size cities.Atmospheric particulates PM10, PM2.5 etc., have gradually replaced
NO2 becomes one of the main harm of human health.Automatic atmospheric particulate matter monitoring system is divided into β ray methods and oscillation day at present
Flat two kinds of method (TEOM).In general, precision and the real-time for being based on the automonitor of oscillating balance method (TEOM) are slightly good, but
It is that the apparatus structure based on TEOM is complicated, bulky, expensive, and the instrument for lacking FDMS seriously affects PM2.5 concentration
Measurement, therefore do not meet FUTURE ENVIRONMENT monitoring instrument development trend.
Automonitor based on β ray methods is a kind of novel measuring system, and suspended particles are sucked by vacuum pump, is passed through
Sampling head at the top of analyzer enters instrument, and then particle is deposited on mineral wool filter paper.Filter paper can be between the sources β and detector
Movement measures the quality of sediment on filter membrane by the radioactive ray count difference before and after measurement precipitation particles, and this method can be accurate
The really reliable concentration for measuring particulate in air.At abroad, 50% or more automonitor is designed based on β ray methods,
It can be seen that β ray method monitors are the inexorable trends of particle monitoring development.
Conventional β ray method monitors are required for an enrichment process that cannot reflect that particulate matter is dense in real time currently on the market
Degree is not that true β ray methods are real even if it is also that cooperation light scattering module measures to have individual producers that can go out instantaneous value
When monitor.
Invention content
Use β ray methods, reflection sources very long using half-life period (more than 5700 years) the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of
C14, radiation source emittance is constant before and after being approximately considered sampling, and air is calculated according to langbobier law combination sampling volume
Particle concentration value, high-performance, low cost, high-precision, the atmosphere particulate matter monitoring instrument for capableing of real time on-line monitoring.
In order to solve the problems existing in background technology, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:A kind of Atmospheric particulates
Monitor, it include cutter, environment humidity sensor, touch screen, sampling pipe heater, integrated dynamic DHS, processor and
Control circuit, scintillator detector component, measuring chamber, cam motor, positioning motor one, motor driver, sampling humiture pass
Sensor, radioactive source, paper collecting roller, mass flow control system, sampling drive system of pump, sampling pump, paper feeding roller, two and of positioning motor
Tube wall temperature sensor, the cutter is transferred by sampling pipe and is inserted into measuring chamber, and sampling pipe is provided with outside sampling pipe
Heater, sampling pipe heater lower end are provided with tube wall temperature sensor;Environment is installed on the sampling pipe of the cutter lower end
Temperature Humidity Sensor, and environment humidity sensor and tube wall temperature sensor are connected to processor and control circuit;It is described
Processor and control circuit are connected to sampling pipe heater by integrated dynamic DHS;Distinguish the top and bottom of the measuring chamber
It is provided with scintillator detector component and radioactive source, sampling Temperature Humidity Sensor, and scintillator detector are provided in measuring chamber
Component and sampling Temperature Humidity Sensor are connected to processor and control circuit;The measuring chamber both sides be respectively arranged with paper feeding roller and
Paper collecting roller, and the filter paper on paper feeding roller passes through after measuring chamber around being connected on paper collecting roller;Cam electricity is provided with above the paper collecting roller
Machine and positioning motor one, the paper feeding roller top is provided with positioning motor two, and processor and control circuit are driven by motor
Device connects cam motor, one connection processing device of positioning motor and control circuit;The measuring chamber quality of connection flow control system,
Mass flow control system is connected with each other with processor and control circuit;The processor and control circuit are separately connected touch screen
With sampling drive system of pump, and samples drive system of pump and mass flow control system and connect with sampling pump.
As a further improvement on the present invention;The environment humidity sensor, mass flow control system, processor
And control circuit and touch screen constitute flow closed-loop control system.
As a further improvement on the present invention;Touch screen, processor and the control circuit, integrated dynamic DHS, heating
Device, sampling Temperature Humidity Sensor, environment humidity sensor and tube wall temperature sensor constitute and integrate dynamic DHS control systems.
As a further improvement on the present invention;Radioactive source, detector and the measuring chamber axle center is located along the same line
Dirt sampling structure is constituted, and the position of radioactive source and detector immobilizes.
As a further improvement on the present invention;The cam motor, positioning motor one are installed on body frame, motor control
Line is connected to motor driver, by processor and control circuit control motor driving cam motor, positioning motor one, cam motor
Pressure head lifting is controlled, positioning motor one controls paper tape movement, and system carries out sampling spot according to diaphragm load factor and replaces.
Whole system host installation of the present invention is connected by the pipeline of sealing with outdoor cutter indoors, using the sources β
As radioactive source, air sample and combine using sampling pump to integrate dynamic DHS to sample gas progress humid control, is adopted
Flow carries out closed-loop control in real time according to environmental change when sample, and particulate matter is attracted to the filter paper table between radioactive source and detector
Face is evacuated the amount of adsorption particle object on the change quantitative response of front and back explorer count value filter paper, in conjunction with sampling volume according to bright
Primary Beer law calculates the hour concentration of particulate matter.
After adopting the above technical scheme, the invention has the advantages that:
The unique Sample acquisition structure of the present invention, carries out particle concentration inverting while particulate matter is enriched with, system according to
The environmental factors such as temperature, air pressure, humidity carry out concentration offsets to measuring real-time compensation, without auxiliary instrumentation, it is ensured that when actual implementation
Measure particle concentration.The system uses high speed arm processor, based on operating system, 32 bit processors of high speed and based on behaviour
Function cutting can be facilitated by making the software architecture of system, can upgrade the timely respective market demand of extension quickly
Description of the drawings
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technology description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
Obtain other attached drawings according to these attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is the system block diagram of embodiment provided by the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the integrated dynamic DHS control logic figures of embodiment provided by the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the detector signal processing circuit of embodiment provided by the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the software algorithm logic chart of embodiment provided by the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the system software logic chart of embodiment provided by the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the transmission mechanism schematic diagram of embodiment provided by the present invention;
Reference numeral:
1- cutters;2- environment humidity sensors;3- touch screens;4- samples pipe heater;5- integrates dynamic DHS;6-
Processor and control circuit;7- scintillator detector components;8- measuring chambers;9-cam motors;10- positioning motors one;11- electricity
Machine driver;12- samples Temperature Humidity Sensor;13- radioactive sources;14- paper collecting rollers;15- mass flow control systems;16- is sampled
Drive system of pump;17- sampling pumps;18- paper feeding rollers;19- positioning motors two;20- tube wall temperature sensors.
Specific implementation mode
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, below in conjunction with attached drawing and specific implementation
Mode, the present invention will be described in further detail.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are only explaining this
Invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
- Fig. 6 is please referred to Fig.1, present embodiment uses following technical scheme:A kind of atmosphere particulate matter monitoring instrument, it
Including cutter 1, environment humidity sensor 2, touch screen 3, sampling pipe heater 4, integrated dynamic DHS 5, processor and control
Circuit 6 processed, scintillator detector component 7, measuring chamber 8, cam motor 9, positioning motor 1, motor driver 11, sampling temperature
Humidity sensor 12, radioactive source 13, paper collecting roller 14, mass flow control system 15, sampling drive system of pump 16, sampling pump 17,
Paper feeding roller 18, positioning motor 2 19 and tube wall temperature sensor 20, the cutter 1 are transferred by sampling pipe and are inserted into measuring chamber 8
In, and sampling pipe heater 4 is provided with outside sampling pipe, 4 lower end of sampling pipe heater is provided with tube wall temperature sensor 20;Institute
It states and environment humidity sensor 2 is installed on 1 lower end sampling pipe of cutter, and environment humidity sensor 2 and tube wall temperature pass
Sensor 20 is connected to processor and control circuit 6;The processor and control circuit 6 are connected to by integrated dynamic DHS 5
Sample pipe heater 4;The top and bottom of the measuring chamber 8 are respectively arranged with scintillator detector component 7 and radioactive source 13, survey
Sampling Temperature Humidity Sensor 12 is provided in amount room 8, and scintillator detector component 7 and sampling Temperature Humidity Sensor 12 connect
To processor and control circuit 6;8 both sides of the measuring chamber are respectively arranged with paper feeding roller 18 and paper collecting roller 14, and on paper feeding roller 18
Filter paper pass through after measuring chamber 8 around being connected on paper collecting roller 14;14 top of the paper collecting roller is provided with cam motor 9 and positioning motor
One 10,18 top of the paper feeding roller is provided with positioning motor 2 19, and processor and control circuit 6 are connected by motor driver 11
Connect cam motor 9, one 10 connection processing device of positioning motor and control circuit 6;8 quality of connection flow control system of the measuring chamber
15, mass flow control system 15 is connected with each other with processor and control circuit 6;The processor and control circuit 6 connect respectively
Touch screen 3 and sampling drive system of pump 16 are connect, and samples drive system of pump 16 and mass flow control system 15 and sampling pump
17 connections, sampling pump 17 use constant current aspiration pump.
The cutter 1 is transferred by sampling pipe and is inserted into measuring chamber 8, and sample gas outlet is connected with tracheae behind host
It is connected at 17 bleeding point of sampling pump in sampling system, the power supply of sampling pump 17 is connected to the driving of the sampling pump in sampling system
The output port of system 16 will sample the input port access AC 220V of drive system of pump 16.Sampling pipe heater 4 is installed
The computer heating control port that line is connected to integrated 5 rear panels of dynamic DHS is fixed and is heated on to sampling pipe, environment is warm and humid
Degree sensor 2 is connected to the DB9 connectors of the humiture collection of host rear panel, powers to system host, and debugging traffic parameter makes to cut
It cuts place and shows that operating mode flow is (16.7 ± 0.3) L/min.
Environment humidity sensor 2, mass flow control system 15, processor and the control circuit 6 and touch screen
3 constitute flow closed-loop control system, according to the detection ambient temperature and humidity of internal AD acquisitions, the flow value meter of atmospheric value and feedback
It calculates the digital quantity of the aperture of the valve of control and converts digital quantity to by internal DA the aperture of (0~5) V Analog control valves,
Sampling flow is adjusted in real time to realize, ensures the cutting efficiency of cutter 1.
Touch screen 3, processor and the control circuit 6, integrated dynamic DHS 5, heater 1, sampling temperature and humidity sensing
Device 12, environment humidity sensor 2 and tube wall temperature sensor 20, which are constituted, integrates dynamic DHS control systems, interior in heater 1
Overheat protector is set, causes the excessively high protector of temperature to disconnect automatically when heating is out of control, stops heating.Processor and control circuit 6
Dynamic DHS operating modes are integrated according to sampling Temperature Humidity Sensor 12 dynamic control of the acquisition after heated:When humidity value is less than
Lower limit or when heating temperature be higher than temperature upper limit when, system stop heating;When humidity value is higher than upper limit value, system maximum power
Heating;Copped wave is heated when between, to reduce the relative humidity for the air-flow for reaching filter paper, prevents moisture cold on filter paper
It is solidifying, it is ensured that the accuracy of sampling.
Radioactive source 13, detector 7 and 8 axle center of measuring chamber is located along the same line a group dusting sampling structure, and puts
The position for penetrating source 13 and detector 7 immobilizes;Filter paper is between detector 7 and radioactive source 13, downtake seat when sampling every time
Compress filter paper upwards under the elastic force effect of spring, realize radioactive source 13, detector 7, filter paper three relative position fix not
Become.Sampling air flow is with constant flow velocity direction constant flow in test process, and the particulate matter in air-flow is enriched on filter paper and shape
Maculation is influenced by spot, and the ray particle across spot can also change correspondingly, and detector is with determining in the process
Frequency keeping count obtains β ray particle numbers, by calculating the instantaneous value for the concentration that can obtain particulate in air, therefore can
To realize the real-time measurement of particle concentration.
Referring to Fig. 5, after completing paper feed, counting, flow control and DHS controls after instrument booting, per 5s, the update second is dense
Angle value, per clock renewal hour concentration value, algorithm such as Fig. 4, morning 24:00 update annual average simultaneously replaces spot into next week
Phase measures.In the process in real time detection paper tape whether overburden (> 1500ug), if overburden paper tape advance a lattice continue
It measures.
In flow closed-loop control, since the variation of environment temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure can all lead to gaseous state
Variation, and then influence cutting efficiency.And the present invention utilizes processor and control circuit 6 acquisition environmental parameter and flowmeter in real time
Then value of feedback and the digital value for calculating flow meter valve opening are exported the Analog control of (0~5) V by internal D/A converter
The aperture of valve, and then achieve the purpose that control flow.
In integrated dynamic DHS 5 controls, processor and control circuit 6 are warm and humid according to sample gas of the acquisition after heated
Spend dynamic control heat driven operating mode:When humidity value less than lower limit or when heating temperature be higher than temperature upper limit when, system
Stop heating;When humidity value is higher than upper limit value, the heating of system maximum power;Copped wave is heated when between, is reached with reducing
The relative humidity of the air-flow of filter paper, prevents moisture from being condensed on filter paper, it is ensured that the accuracy of sampling.
The core component of instrument is dirt sampling structure, fixed detector component and radioactive source in dirt sampling structure, detector
Using High Precision Photoelectric Converter, conversion speed is fast, stablizes without response, output to white light, and processor and control circuit are further
Detector signal is filtered, is driven, the strict algorithm of software carries out step-by-step counting after shaping, it can be ensured that counting precision is better than
1‰。
The present invention carries out particle concentration real time inversion according to langbobier law, and the accurate particulate matter of reflection in real time is dense
Degree, refresh time 5s.Its main feature is that sensitivity is higher, particle concentration inverting, system root are carried out while particulate matter is enriched with
According to environmental factors such as temperature, air pressure, humidity to measuring real-time compensation, concentration offsets are carried out without auxiliary instrumentation, spot is measured and moves
The dynamic load factor according to sampling diaphragm is judged that spot movement interval was computation of Period day concentration more than 24 hours, sampling with
Design of going the same way is detected, error caused by transmission mechanism positioning is eliminated, has the function of to advance and pressure head rise and fall, it is fixed with optocoupler
, it can be achieved that β ray method instruments go out value in real time, complete touch screen design enriches human-computer interaction content for position.
It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, Er Qie
In the case of without departing substantially from spirit or essential attributes of the invention, the present invention can be realized in other specific forms.Therefore, no matter
From the point of view of which point, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the scope of the present invention is by appended power
Profit requires rather than above description limits, it is intended that all by what is fallen within the meaning and scope of the equivalent requirements of the claims
Variation is included within the present invention.
In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described in terms of embodiments, but not each embodiment is only wrapped
Containing an independent technical solution, this description of the specification is merely for the sake of clarity, and those skilled in the art should
It considers the specification as a whole, the technical solutions in the various embodiments may also be suitably combined, forms those skilled in the art
The other embodiment being appreciated that.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of atmosphere particulate matter monitoring instrument, which is characterized in that it includes cutter, environment humidity sensor, touch screen, adopts
Sample pipe heater, integrated dynamic DHS, processor and control circuit, scintillator detector component, measuring chamber, cam motor, positioning
Motor one, motor driver, sampling Temperature Humidity Sensor, radioactive source, paper collecting roller, mass flow control system, sampling pump driving
System, sampling pump, paper feeding roller, positioning motor two and tube wall temperature sensor, the cutter are transferred to be inserted by sampling pipe and be surveyed
It measures in room, and is provided with sampling pipe heater outside sampling pipe, sampling pipe heater lower end is provided with tube wall temperature sensor;Institute
It states and environment humidity sensor is installed on the sampling pipe of cutter lower end, and environment humidity sensor and tube wall temperature sensor
It is connected to processor and control circuit;The processor and control circuit are connected to sampling pipe by integrated dynamic DHS and heat
Device;The top and bottom of the measuring chamber are respectively arranged with scintillator detector component and radioactive source, are provided with and adopt in measuring chamber
Sample Temperature Humidity Sensor, and scintillator detector component and sampling Temperature Humidity Sensor are connected to processor and control circuit;Institute
It states measuring chamber both sides and is respectively arranged with paper feeding roller and paper collecting roller, and the filter paper on paper feeding roller passes through after measuring chamber around being connected on paper collecting roller
On;It is provided with cam motor and positioning motor one above the paper collecting roller, positioning motor two is provided with above the paper feeding roller, and
Processor and control circuit connect cam motor, one connection processing device of positioning motor and control circuit by motor driver;Institute
Measuring chamber quality of connection flow control system is stated, mass flow control system is connected with each other with processor and control circuit;It is described
Processor and control circuit are separately connected touch screen and sampling drive system of pump, and sample drive system of pump and mass flow control
System is connect with sampling pump.
2. a kind of atmosphere particulate matter monitoring instrument according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cutter passes through sampling
Pipe switching is inserted into measuring chamber, and sample gas outlet is connected to the sampling pump bleeding point in sampling system with tracheae behind host
The power supply of sampling pump is connected to the output port of the sampling drive system of pump in sampling system, will sample drive system of pump by place
Input port access AC 220V, will sampling pipe heater be installed on sampling pipe fix and be heated line be connected to it is integrated
Environment humidity sensor, is connected to the DB9 of the humiture collection of host rear panel by the computer heating control port of dynamic DHS rear panels
Connector is powered to system host, and debugging traffic parameter makes cut place show that operating mode flow is 16.7 ± 0.3L/min.
3. a kind of atmosphere particulate matter monitoring instrument according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the ambient temperature and humidity sensing
Device, mass flow control system, processor and control circuit and touch screen constitute flow closed-loop control system, are adopted according to internal AD
The flow value of the detection ambient temperature and humidity, atmospheric value and feedback of collection calculates the digital quantity of the aperture of the valve of control and passes through inside
DA converts digital quantity to the aperture of 0~5V Analog control valves, is adjusted in real time to sampling flow to realize.
4. a kind of atmosphere particulate matter monitoring instrument according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the touch screen, processor
And control circuit, integrated dynamic DHS, heater, sampling Temperature Humidity Sensor, environment humidity sensor and tube wall temperature sensing
Device, which is constituted, integrates dynamic DHS control systems, and built-in overheat protector in heater leads to the excessively high protector of temperature when heating is out of control
It is automatic to disconnect, stop heating;The sampling Temperature Humidity Sensor dynamic control of processor and control circuit according to acquisition after heated
Integrated dynamic DHS operating modes:When humidity value is less than lower limit or when heating temperature is higher than temperature upper limit, system stops adding
Heat;When humidity value is higher than upper limit value, the heating of system maximum power;Copped wave is heated when between.
5. a kind of atmosphere particulate matter monitoring instrument according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the radioactive source, detector
It is located along the same line a group dusting sampling structure with measuring chamber axle center, and the position of radioactive source and detector immobilizes;Filter paper
Between detector and radioactive source, downtake seat compresses filter paper upwards under the elastic force effect of spring when sampling every time, and realization is put
Penetrate source, detector, filter paper three relative position immobilize.
6. a kind of atmosphere particulate matter monitoring instrument according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the cam motor, positioning
Motor one is installed on body frame, and motor control line is connected to motor driver, by processor and control circuit control motor driving
Cam motor, positioning motor one, cam motor control pressure head lifting, and positioning motor one controls paper tape movement, and system is according to diaphragm
Load factor carries out sampling spot and replaces.
7. a kind of atmosphere particulate matter monitoring instrument according to claim 1, which is characterized in that whole system host is mounted on room
The interior pipeline by sealing is connected with outdoor cutter, using the sources β as radioactive source, is sampled to air using sampling pump
And combine and integrate dynamic DHS humid control is carried out to sample gas, flow carries out closed loop control in real time according to environmental change when sampling
System, particulate matter are attracted to the surface between radioactive source and detector, and the knots modification for being evacuated front and back explorer count value is anti-
The amount for having answered adsorption particle object on filter paper calculates the hour concentration of particulate matter in conjunction with sampling volume according to langbobier law.
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CN108709840A (en) * | 2018-07-28 | 2018-10-26 | 太原海纳辰科仪器仪表有限公司 | A kind of β rays particle concentration monitor |
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