CN1050897A - 低粘度阴离子和两性离子表面活性剂组合物 - Google Patents
低粘度阴离子和两性离子表面活性剂组合物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1050897A CN1050897A CN 90108441 CN90108441A CN1050897A CN 1050897 A CN1050897 A CN 1050897A CN 90108441 CN90108441 CN 90108441 CN 90108441 A CN90108441 A CN 90108441A CN 1050897 A CN1050897 A CN 1050897A
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- Prior art keywords
- composition
- alkyl
- alkylpolyglycosides
- weight
- alkali metal
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 239000002280 amphoteric surfactant Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 239000002563 ionic surfactant Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- -1 alkylaryl sulphonate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 8
- DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Cl] Chemical compound [Na].[Cl] DPDMMXDBJGCCQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002461 imidazolidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008163 sugars Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 claims 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 27
- 150000002338 glycosides Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 4
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000004141 Sodium laurylsulphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- LPQOADBMXVRBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1ldcw0 Chemical compound Cl.C1CN(C)CCN1C1=C(F)C=C2C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN3CCSC1=C32 LPQOADBMXVRBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003165 hydrotropic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 3
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-CBPJZXOFSA-N D-Gulose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-CBPJZXOFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cocamidopropyl betaine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCC[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O MRUAUOIMASANKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;dodecane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCS([O-])(=O)=O DAJSVUQLFFJUSX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZAVOQJRULYMVIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)-2-methylicosanoic acid Chemical compound C(CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)C(C(=O)O)(C)N(C)C ZAVOQJRULYMVIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXALIOUHXMVTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCCCCCCCC([Na])=O Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC([Na])=O FXALIOUHXMVTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-WHZQZERISA-N D-aldose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-WHZQZERISA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-IVMDWMLBSA-N D-allopyranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-IVMDWMLBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N D-ribofuranose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-SOOFDHNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VSOAQEOCSA-N L-altropyranose Chemical compound OC[C@@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VSOAQEOCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBCLFIOYTREPJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N1(C=NCC1)C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCC Chemical compound N1(C=NCC1)C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCCCC GBCLFIOYTREPJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N Ribose Natural products OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)C=O PYMYPHUHKUWMLA-LMVFSUKVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004443 Ricinus communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000528 Ricinus communis Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010077895 Sarcosine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[S] Chemical compound [Na].[S] BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005257 alkyl acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000008055 alkyl aryl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-D-Furanose-Ribose Natural products OCC1OC(O)C(O)C1O HMFHBZSHGGEWLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-STGXQOJASA-N alpha-D-lyxopyranose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1CO[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-STGXQOJASA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PQMKYFCFSA-N alpha-D-mannose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PQMKYFCFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-QMKXCQHVSA-N alpha-L-arabinopyranose Chemical compound O[C@H]1CO[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O SRBFZHDQGSBBOR-QMKXCQHVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MKHVZQXYWACUQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-hydroxyethyl)azanium;dodecyl sulfate Chemical compound OCCNCCO.CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O MKHVZQXYWACUQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940073507 cocamidopropyl betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JMGZBMRVDHKMKB-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;2-sulfobutanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OS(=O)(=O)C(C([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O JMGZBMRVDHKMKB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 YRIUSKIDOIARQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940071161 dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl propionate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC FKRCODPIKNYEAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002402 hexoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002454 idoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N isethionic acid Chemical compound OCCS(O)(=O)=O SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M naphthalene-1-sulfonate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002811 oleoyl group Chemical group O=C([*])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000002972 pentoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- YHUVMHKAHWKQBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinoline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical class C1=CC=C2N=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC2=C1 YHUVMHKAHWKQBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940048098 sodium sarcosinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SXHLENDCVBIJFO-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-[2-(2-dodecoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOCCOCCOS([O-])(=O)=O SXHLENDCVBIJFO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940104261 taurate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical compound NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A61K8/23—Sulfur; Selenium; Tellurium; Compounds thereof
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- A61K8/40—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing nitrogen
- A61K8/44—Aminocarboxylic acids or derivatives thereof, e.g. aminocarboxylic acids containing sulfur; Salts; Esters or N-acylated derivatives thereof
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- A61K8/46—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur
- A61K8/463—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing sulfur containing sulfuric acid derivatives, e.g. sodium lauryl sulfate
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- A61K8/49—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds
- A61K8/494—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing heterocyclic compounds with more than one nitrogen as the only hetero atom
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- A61K8/72—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic macromolecular compounds
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- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
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- A61K2800/40—Chemical, physico-chemical or functional or structural properties of particular ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
本发明是一种由至少一种阴离子或两性离子表
面活性剂、水和一种降低粘度有效量的至少一种烷基
聚苷和至少一种碱金属氯化物所组成的组合物。
Description
本发明涉及低粘度的阴离子或两性离子表面活性剂组合物。该组合物是表面活性剂和能降低粘度的量的烷基聚苷和碱金属氯化物的混合物。
众所周知，阴离子表面活性剂和两性离子表面活性剂具有很多用途。它们通常是以含有30-80%表面活性剂的水的混合物形式销售。该混合物还可以含有水溶助长剂，其可使表面活性剂与水配伍并降低粘度。通常，当表面活性剂的量在混合物中超过约30%（重量）时，混合物变得很粘直到成为浆糊状物或凝胶体，如果能有效地提供一种减低含水表面活性剂混合物粘度的手段便可以在较高的表面活性剂浓度下将混合物发货运输和在生产过程中传送表面活性剂浓度较高的混合物。在浓度大于50%（重量）时，阴离子和两性离子表面活性剂的水溶液具有粘性液体，凝胶体或糊状固体的特性。
在一些应用中，表面活性剂被喷雾干燥成粉状物质，以便能与其它干燥物质调合制成洗涤剂组合物。如果能有效地提供可泵抽的有较高浓度表面活性剂的组合物，那么便可使喷雾干燥器具有较高的生产能力。
烷基聚苷添加到磷酸酯中组成的含水搅拌机浆液能够减低浆料的粘度是已知的（见美国专利4，675，127）。美国专利申请号为07/260646的申请公开了将烷基聚苷和碱金属氯化物添加到含有搅拌机浆液的碳酸盐中，减低了浆液的粘度。
此外，还知道烷基聚苷和氯化铵加到含水的液体洗涤剂中能够增加洗涤剂的粘度（美国专利4732696）。美国专利申请07/353，723号公开了在一定的范围内添加烷基聚苷和碱金属氯化物以增加某些液体磺基琥珀酸盐洗涤剂组合物的粘度。美国专利4488981公开了将具有烷基并在烷基上有6个或更少碳原子的烷基单苷和聚苷添加到溶于水中的阴离子或阴离子和非离子表面活性剂的含水混合物中以降低该混合物的粘度。
除了操作实施例外，或除非另有说明，在所有实施例中用于表示组分量或其所用反应条件的全部数值都用术语“大约”进行修正。
根据本发明，阴离子或两性离子表面活性剂组合物的粘度在其表面活性剂的浓度为约30-80%（重量）时，可通过向组合物中添加可降低粘度的量的烷基聚苷和碱金属氯化物的混合物来降低其粘度。
添加到组合物中的烷基聚苷的量基于表面活性剂，水和烷基聚苷和金属氯化物混合物的量为计，一般为约0.1-10%（重量）。优选的烷基聚苷添加到组合物中的量约为0.25%（重量）至约5%（重量），最优选的为混合物重量的约0.5-3%（重量）。
添加到组合物中的碱金属氯化物的量一般为混合物重量的约0.1-10%（重量），优选的约为0.5-5%（重量），最好为混合物重量的大约0.75-3%（重量）。
烷基聚苷和碱金属氯化物添加到含水表面活性剂混合物中的量由表面活性剂的物质和所需降低粘度的程度来决定。
通过添加烷基聚苷和碱金属氯化物便能降低其粘度的阴离子表面活性剂包括任何常用的且分类成阴离子表面活性剂的表面活性剂。这类表面活性剂包括α-烯烃磺酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、烷芳基磺酸盐、烷基芳基醚硫酸盐、烷基醚硫酸盐、硫酸化的醇乙氧基化物、牛磺酸盐、石油磺酸盐、烷基萘磺酸盐、烷基肌氨酸盐和烷基磺基琥珀酸盐的碱金属盐、铵和镁盐。
上面提到的表面活性剂中，典型的表面活性剂有十二烷基磺酸钠，十二烷基磺酸铵、十二烷基苯磺酸盐、十二烷基醚硫酸钠、二乙醇胺十二烷基硫酸盐、硫酸化醇乙氧基化物的铵盐、椰子基羟乙磺酸钠、N-甲基-N-油酰牛磺酸钠、N-甲基-N-椰子基牛硫酸钠、三乙醇胺十二烷基酸盐、单油酰PEG-2磺基琥珀酸二钠、石油磺酸钠盐、烷基萘磺酸钠、十二烷酰肌氨酸钠、和烷基磺基琥珀酸钠。
两性离子表面活性剂其水溶液的粘度可以被降低的两性离子表面活性剂包括甜菜碱、磺内酰酯（Sultaines），咪唑啉衍生物等。
典型的两性离子表面活性剂包括蓖麻醇酰氨丙基甜菜碱、椰子酰氨丙基甜菜碱（Cocamidopropyl betaine）、硬脂酰甜菜碱、硬脂酰两性羧基甘氨酸酯、十二氨基丙酸钠、椰子酰氨丙基羟基磺内酯（Cocoamidoprpyl hydroxy Sultaine）、十二烷基亚氨基丙酸二钠、脂亚氨基二丙酸酯、椰子两性羧基甘氨酸酯、椰子咪唑啉羧酸酯、十二烷基咪唑啉单羧酸酯、十二咪唑啉二羧酸酯、十二烷基肉豆蔻酸甜菜碱、椰子酰氨磺基甜菜碱、烷基酰氨磷酸甜菜碱等类似物。
上面所列的阴离子和两性离子表面活性剂并没有包括全部，而只是一些具有代表性的表面活性剂的类型，这些表面活性剂能通过向其混合物中引入烷基聚苷和碱金属氯化物降低其含水混合物的粘度。表面活性剂和水的混合物在浓度为约30-80%（重量）时，一般为高粘性的液体、凝胶体或糊状物质。通过向表面活性剂和水的混合物中添加烷基聚苷和碱金属氯化物可充分地降低混合物的粘度。
本发明的优点在于添加到表面活性剂中的烷基聚苷也是一种表面活性剂，因此组合物中所含的非表面活性剂物质要比现有技术中所需的非表面活性物质要少。在现有技术中通过添加某些水溶助长剂降低粘度，水溶助长剂有助于将物质溶于水中并减低其粘度。
在本发明中所用的脂族聚苷表面活性剂是化学式为RO（R1O）mGr的非离子表面活性剂，其中R是约8-22碳原子，优选的约为10-18个碳原子的烷基或链烯基。脂基可以是烷基或链烯基，但优选的是无支链的烷基。在本发明中所用的短语烷基聚苷包括烷基和链烯基聚苷。R1是有2或3个碳原子的烷基，m是0-10，优选的为0的数值。G是还原糖类的残基，r是从约1.05-10，优选的约为1.1-2的数值。r是糖类（DP）的平均聚合度值。
脂族聚苷是公知的组合物，并且可用美国专利4713447公开的方法制备，该专利在本文列为参考文献。
用于制备本发明所用脂族聚苷的糖类是还原单糖或在制备聚苷组合物的工艺中能形成还原单糖的物质。还原糖包括己糖和戊糖。典型单糖的例子包括葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、古洛糖、塔罗糖、阿卓糖、阿洛糖、艾杜糖、阿拉伯糖、术糖、核糖、来苏糖等等。古洛糖由于有较低的成本和易得性，所以它是优选糖类。在本发明组合物中脂族聚苷的存在量约为混合物重量的0.1-10%（重量），优选的为约0.5-5%（重量），最好为约0.75-3%（重量）。
用于本发明的碱金属氯化物的典型例子是氯化锂、氯化钠和氯化钾，优选的碱金属氯化物是氯化钠或氯化钾。
本发明的组合物需要少量的但能降低粘度的有效量的碱金属氯化物。一般碱金属氯化物在组合物中的存在量约为0.1-10%（重量），优选的约为0.5-5%（重量），最好是约0.75-3.0%（重量）。在组合物中包括的碱金属氯化物的量取决于具体的表面活性剂和所需的降低粘度的量。通常，优选的是使碱金属氯化物在混合物中的量尽可能的低，以使在组合物中非表面活性剂物质保持在一个较低水平。然而，如果碱金属氯化物对于后面的混合物的使用不是有害的，那么任何有助于降低粘度的量都是适宜的。现在已经知道高含量的碱金属氯化物将增加某些表面活性剂混合物的粘度。
本发明的组合物主要由表面活性剂、烷基聚苷、碱金属氯化物和水组成。然而，在特殊条件下，尤其是打算喷雾干燥表面活性剂时，使其包含某些填料物质以提供一种干燥固体产物是很有用的。本发明并不是搅和浆料的减粘剂，因为该产品主要由表面活性剂、烷基聚苷、碱金属氯化物和任选的一种填料物质组成。一般填料物质是水溶性盐而且不具有洗涤剂性质。
本发明将用下列实施例的方法来说明。在这些实施例中，制备的一种组合物含有表面活性剂和水。制备的第二种组合物含有表面活性剂。一定量的能起降低粘度作用的烷基聚苷和碱金属氯化物和水。各种混合物的粘度使用Brookfield粘度计用4号心轴在10RPM 25℃时测量
实施例1
制备一种含有43%（重量）的α-烯烃磺酸钠盐的组合物，其中α-烯烃含有14至16个碳原子。α-烯烃磺酸盐的含水混合物是由56.8克表面活性剂（88%活性物质）与58.2克水混合制成的。该混合物具有高于50，000 CPS的粘度。
将56.8克上述表面活性剂、58.2克水、2.0克50%（重量）的APG 
500水溶液（一种具有12-13碳原子烷基的和1.4聚合度的烷基聚葡糖苷）和2.5克氯化钠混合制备一种混合物。混合物的粘度是14，000 CPS。
实施例2
制备一种含38% 12-13碳烷基醚硫酸钠盐的混合物，其中烷基醚硫酸钠含有2摩尔的环氧乙烷。该混合物是通过将81.6克47%烷基醚硫酸盐活性溶液与18.4克水混合制成的。该混合物的粘度大于50，000 CPS。
通过将81.6克47%的上述烷基醚硫酸盐活性溶液、18.4克水、2克50%（重量）的APG 500水溶液和2.5克氯化钠混合制备一种混合物。该混合物粘度是4，840 CPS。
实施例3
制备一种含有43%（重量）十二烷基硫酸钠含水混合物。该混合物是通过将89.3克含56%（重量）十二烷基硫酸钠的含水混合物与25.2克水混合制成的。该混合物具有大于50，000 CPS的粘度。
第二种混合物是通过将89.3克含56%（重量）十二烷基硫酸钠的含水十二烷基硫酸钠混合物与25.2克水、2克50%（重量）的APG 500水溶液和2.5克氯化钠混合制成的。该混合物的粘度是16，100 CPS。
实施例4
制备一种含有63%（重量）12-13碳原子烷基醚硫酸钠盐（含有3摩尔环氧乙烷）的混合物。该混合物粘度大于50，000 CPS。
第二种混合物制备成含有上面所用的100克63%（重量）的12-13碳烷基醚硫钠盐溶液、2克50%（重量）的APG 500水溶液和2.5克氯化钠的混合物。该混合物的粘度为2，400 CPS。
从上面实施例可以清楚地看到，加入少量本发明所定义的烷基聚苷和碱金属氯化物事实上降低了基本上由阴离子或两性离子表面活性剂和水组成的组合物的粘度。
Claims (18)
1、一种含水组合物主要由至少一种阴离子或两性离子表面活性剂、水和有效量能降低粘度的至少一种碱金属氯化物和至少一种化学式为RO(R1O)mCr的烷基聚苷组成，其中R是具有8-22个碳原子的烷基或链烯基，R1是有2或3个碳原子的烷基，m是0-10的数值，G是还原糖类的残基，并且r是约1.05至约10的数值。
2、根据权利要求1的组合物，其中至少一种烷基聚苷包括一个R是10-18个碳原子的烷基，m是0，G是葡萄糖基并且r是从约1.1到约2的数值的组合物。
3、根据权利要求1的组合物，其中烷基聚苷在组合物中的存在量约为0.1至10%（重量）。
4、根据权利要求3的组合物，其中烷基聚苷在组合物中的存在量为约0.25-5%（重量）。
5、根据权利要求2的组合物，其中烷基聚苷在组合物中的存在量为约0.1-10%（重量）。
6、根据权利要求5的组合物，其中烷基聚苷在组合物中的存在量约为0.25-5%（重量）。
7、根据权利要求1的组合物，其中碱金属氯化物在组合物中的存在量为约0.1-10%（重量）。
8、根据权利要求7的组合物，其中碱金属氯化物在组合物中的存在量约为0.5-5%（重量）。
9、根据权利要求2的组合物，其中碱金属氯化物在组合物中的存在量约为0.1-10%（重量）。
10、根据权利要求9的组合物，其中碱金属氯化物在组合物中的存在量约为0.5-5%（重量）。
11、根据权利要求1的组合物，其中阴离子表面活性剂包括至少一种选自烷基芳基磺酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、烷基醚硫酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、烷基牛磺酸盐、和烷基磺基琥珀酸盐的盐。
12、根据权利要求2的组合物，其中阴离子表面活性剂包括至少一种选自烷基芳基磺酸盐、烷基磺酸盐、烷基醚硫酸盐、烷基硫酸盐、烷基牛磺酸盐、和烷基磺基琥珀酸盐。
13、根据权利要求1的组合物，其中两性离子表面活性剂是一种甜菜碱或一种咪唑啉衍生物。
14、根据权利要求2的组合物，其中两性离子表面活性剂是一种甜菜碱或一种咪唑啉衍生物。
15、一种降低主要由至少一种阴离子或两性离子表面活性剂和水组成的混合物的粘度的方法，它包括向混合物中添加降低粘度有效量的碱金属氯化物和至少一种化学式为RO（R1O）mGr的烷基聚苷，其中R是8-22个碳原子的烷基，R1是2-3个碳原子的烷基，G是还原糖的残基，r是约1.05-10的数值。
16、根据权利要求15的方法，其中至少一种烷基聚苷包括一种R为10-18个碳原子的烷基，m是0，G是葡萄糖基和r是约为1.1-2的数值的组合物。
17、根据权利要求16的方法，其中降低粘度有效量的碱金属氯化物和烷基聚苷是约0.25%-5%（重量）的烷基聚苷，和约0.5-5%（重量）的碱金属氯化物。
18、根据权利要求17的方法，其中烷基聚苷的聚合度为约1.1-2，而且碱金属氯化物是选自氯化钠、氯化钾和其混合物。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US40699289A | 1989-09-14 | 1989-09-14 | |
| US406992 | 1989-09-14 |
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| CN1050897A true CN1050897A (zh) | 1991-04-24 |
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| WO (1) | WO1991004313A1 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101010137B (zh) * | 2004-05-13 | 2011-02-02 | 国立大学法人北海道大学 | 微细碳分散体 |
| CN1891195B (zh) * | 2005-06-08 | 2011-04-13 | 花王株式会社 | 表面活性剂组合物 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6087320A (en) * | 1989-09-14 | 2000-07-11 | Henkel Corp. | Viscosity-adjusted surfactant concentrate compositions |
| DE4105851A1 (de) * | 1991-02-25 | 1992-08-27 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur herstellung von alkyl- und/oder alkenylsulfat-pasten mit verbesserter fliessfaehigkeit |
| FR2679458A1 (fr) * | 1991-07-23 | 1993-01-29 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Mousse de decontamination a duree de vie controlee et installation de decontamination d'objets utilisant une telle mousse. |
| DE4137893A1 (de) * | 1991-11-18 | 1993-05-19 | Henkel Kgaa | Waessrige detergensgemische |
| ES2090996T3 (es) * | 1992-05-18 | 1996-10-16 | Henkel Kgaa | Mezcla suave de tensioactivos. |
| WO1993025650A1 (en) * | 1992-06-16 | 1993-12-23 | Henkel Corporation | Viscosity-adjusted surfactant concentrate compositions |
| DE4320119A1 (de) * | 1993-06-18 | 1994-12-22 | Henkel Kgaa | Flüssigkristalline wäßrige Tensidzubereitung |
| US5534500A (en) * | 1993-09-13 | 1996-07-09 | Henkel Corporation | Process for preparing surfactant mixtures having high solids content |
| DE4344991A1 (de) * | 1993-12-30 | 1995-07-06 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Verfahren zur Umwandlung hexagonal flüssig-kristalliner wäßriger Tensidphasen |
| DE4435387C2 (de) * | 1994-10-04 | 1997-08-14 | Henkel Kgaa | Pumpfähige wäßrige Tensidkonzentrate |
| DE19511670A1 (de) * | 1995-03-30 | 1996-10-02 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung wäßriger Tensidkonzentrate |
| US20060019847A1 (en) * | 2004-07-20 | 2006-01-26 | Unilever Home & Personal Care Usa, Division Of Conopco, Inc. | Mild, moisturizing cleansing compositions with improved storage stability |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US3985687A (en) * | 1974-12-26 | 1976-10-12 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Liquid detergent compositions of controlled viscosities |
| US4488981A (en) * | 1983-09-06 | 1984-12-18 | A. E. Staley Manufacturing Company | Lower alkyl glycosides to reduce viscosity in aqueous liquid detergents |
| JPS61247799A (ja) * | 1985-04-26 | 1986-11-05 | ライオン株式会社 | 高濃度界面活性剤スラリ− |
| DE3706015A1 (de) * | 1987-02-25 | 1988-11-17 | Henkel Kgaa | Fluessiges reinigungsmittel |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101010137B (zh) * | 2004-05-13 | 2011-02-02 | 国立大学法人北海道大学 | 微细碳分散体 |
| CN1891195B (zh) * | 2005-06-08 | 2011-04-13 | 花王株式会社 | 表面活性剂组合物 |
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| WO1991004313A1 (en) | 1991-04-04 |
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