CN105081568B - Method for laser welding - Google Patents
Method for laser welding Download PDFInfo
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- CN105081568B CN105081568B CN201410163798.1A CN201410163798A CN105081568B CN 105081568 B CN105081568 B CN 105081568B CN 201410163798 A CN201410163798 A CN 201410163798A CN 105081568 B CN105081568 B CN 105081568B
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
- B23K26/123—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of particular gases
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for laser welding, comprise the following steps：Irradiated by laser and the to-be-welded region of workpiece is pre-processed, the to-be-welded region surface that pretreatment finishes the rear workpiece forms layer of oxide layer；Laser welding is carried out to the pretreated workpiece.Above-mentioned method for laser welding so that the to-be-welded region reflectivity of workpiece is substantially reduced, improves absorptivity of the material to laser, substantially reduces the loss of energy；Technique is simple, with low cost, the oxidation of the to-be-welded region of workpiece is realized without other materials, therefore reduce the introducing of foreign particle, it is ensured that weld strength；Workpiece can be welded using the laser of lower-wattage, the field such as welding, encapsulation in highly reflective material has broad application prospects.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to welding technology field, more particularly to a kind of method for laser welding.
Background technology
Because the materials such as aluminium, copper are higher than 90% to the reflectivity of wavelength 1064nm laser, the high reflections such as aluminium, copper are realized
The welding of rate material is always a problem.The high reflectances such as aluminium, copper could be realized by generally requiring laser more than multikilowatt
The welding of material, not only results in the significant wastage of energy, and if soldering angle control is improper, reflected light can be caused direct
Into laser head, optical system is damaged.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of method for laser welding that can improve material to laser absorption rate.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention is adopted the following technical scheme that：
A kind of method for laser welding, comprises the following steps：
Irradiated by laser and the to-be-welded region of workpiece is pre-processed, pre-processed after finishing in the to be welded of the workpiece
Connect region surface formation layer of oxide layer；And
Laser welding is carried out to the pretreated workpiece.
In one of the embodiments, the thickness of the oxide layer is 10 μm~50 μm.
In one of the embodiments, it is described irradiated by laser the to-be-welded region of workpiece is carried out pretreatment include with
Lower step：
To-be-welded region to the workpiece is positioned；
The to-be-welded region of the workpiece is scanned using first laser device, it is scanned after treating in the workpiece
Welding region surface formation layer of oxide layer；And
The dirt of the oxidation layer surface is removed, and is wiped with solvent.
In one of the embodiments, the first laser device is pulse laser, and the transmitting of the pulse laser swashs
The wavelength of light is 355nm~1064nm, and pulse width is nanosecond or nanosecond following magnitude.
In one of the embodiments, the utilization first laser device is scanned to the to-be-welded region of the workpiece
During, the power output of the first laser device is 30W~50W, and sweep speed is 5m/s~10m/s, and spot size is 50
~80 μm.
In one of the embodiments, it is described that the process pre-processed to the to-be-welded region of workpiece is irradiated by laser
In, oxidation pathway and oxidation depth are controlled by ccd image system and scanning galvanometer.
In one of the embodiments, it is described that the pretreated workpiece progress laser welding is comprised the following steps：
The pretreated workpiece is fixed；And
Under atmosphere of inert gases, the oxide layer using second laser along the workpiece is welded.
In one of the embodiments, the power of the second laser is 200W~1000W.
In one of the embodiments, when the oxide layer using second laser along the workpiece is welded, weldering
Speed is connect for 3mm/s~5mm/s, defocusing amount is 0mm~+5mm.
In one of the embodiments, the workpiece includes copper workpiece and aluminum workpiece.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
The method for laser welding of the present invention, before laser welding is carried out to workpiece, first the to-be-welded region to workpiece is entered
Row pretreatment, makes the to-be-welded region surface of workpiece form layer of oxide layer.When the laser that first laser device is launched gets to workpiece
To-be-welded region surface when, because the heat of laser is higher, can make workpiece to-be-welded region surface occur oxidation reaction, shape
Into oxide layer；Also, when laser gets to the to-be-welded region surface of workpiece, workpiece surface has some particles by laser splash
Go out or gasify at high temperature, therefore, after being scanned through first laser device, it is fine that the to-be-welded region surface of workpiece can form some
Structure, increases the roughness on the to-be-welded region surface of workpiece.Usually, the reflectivity of metallic film is higher than correspondence metal oxidation
The reflectivity of thing film, and roughness is higher, reflectivity is lower.Therefore, after pretreatment, the to be welded of workpiece is greatly reduced
The reflectivity in region, improves absorptivity of the material to laser.Simultaneously as the to-be-welded region reflectivity reduction of workpiece, can
Workpiece is welded using the laser of lower-wattage, method for laser welding of the invention is in highly reflective materials such as copper, aluminium
The field such as welding, encapsulation have broad application prospects.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 for the method for laser welding institute use device of an embodiment structural representation.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiment.It should be noted that in the case where not conflicting, the application
In embodiment and the feature in embodiment can be mutually combined.
The invention provides a kind of method for laser welding, it is adaptable to the welding for the workpiece that metal material is made, especially suitable
The welding for the workpiece being made in highly reflective materials such as copper, aluminium, the method for laser welding is remarkably improved suction of the workpiece to laser
Yield, solves the problem of multikilowatt above laser need to be used when being welded to highly reflective material.
The method for laser welding of the present invention comprises the following steps：
S100：Irradiated by laser and the to-be-welded region of workpiece is pre-processed, treating in workpiece after pretreatment is finished
Welding region surface formation layer of oxide layer.
In the present invention, before laser welding is carried out, the to-be-welded region first to workpiece is pre-processed, the pretreatment
Process is irradiated by laser to be completed.After pretreatment, the to-be-welded region surface of workpiece forms layer of oxide layer.Usually, workpiece
It is made up of metal material, and the color of the more corresponding metal of color of most metals oxide is deep；Generally, workpiece
Color it is deeper, reflectivity is lower, therefore, after pretreatment, the reduction of the to-be-welded region reflectivity of workpiece, absorptivity increase.
When the laser that first laser device is launched gets to the to-be-welded region surface of workpiece, because the heat of laser is higher,
The to-be-welded region surface of workpiece can be made to occur oxidation reaction, oxide layer is formed；Also, when laser gets to the area to be welded of workpiece
During field surface, workpiece surface has some particles and is gone out or gasified at high temperature by laser splash.Therefore, swept through first laser device
After retouching, the to-be-welded region surface of workpiece can form some fine structures, increase the roughness on the to-be-welded region surface of workpiece.
Usually, the reflectivity of metallic film is higher than the reflectivity of correspondence metal-oxide film.For example, when workpiece is contour by copper, aluminium
When the material of reflectivity is made, the reflectivity of aluminum oxide or cupric oxide is less than the reflectivity of aluminium or copper, and therefore, oxide layer can be reduced
The reflectivity of the to-be-welded region of workpiece；And fine structure adds the roughness of workpiece surface, roughness is higher, and reflectivity is got over
It is low, thus, fine structure reduce further the reflectivity of the to-be-welded region of workpiece.
In this step, depending on the thickness (i.e. oxidation depth) of oxide layer is according to specific workpiece and welding requirements.Usually,
Workpiece to be welded is thicker, it is desirable to weld strength it is higher, oxide layer is also correspondingly thicker.It is preferred that the thickness of oxide layer is 10 μ
M~50 μm, the thickness can not only effectively reduce reflectivity, and technique is simple, easily realize.
Preferably, the to-be-welded region progress pretreatment to workpiece by way of laser irradiates comprises the following steps：
S110：To-be-welded region to workpiece is positioned.
The effect of the step is to determine the particular location of welding, it is preferred that to-be-welded region is located through CCD
(Charge-coupled Device, Charged Couple original paper) picture system is realized.Specific method is as follows：
First, coordinate (X of the laser spot relative to ccd image center (typically having cross hairs with a scale) is found0, Y0)；
Then, by the workbench where travelling workpiece, the central point in the region to be welded of workpiece is made (to be generally with ccd image central point
Cross hairs center) it is completely superposed, then mobile work platform is to relative position (X0, Y0) place, that is, complete and to-be-welded region is determined
Position.
S120：The to-be-welded region of workpiece is scanned using first laser device, it is scanned after in the to be welded of workpiece
Connect region surface formation layer of oxide layer.
In this step, first laser device is preferably pulse laser, and the wavelength of transmitting laser is 355nm~1064nm, arteries and veins
Width is rushed less than or equal to nanosecond order.Pulse laser can realize the accurate control to workpiece scanning pattern (i.e. oxidation pathway),
Only it is scanned in to-be-welded region, it is to avoid damage is caused to other positions of workpiece.
In one of the embodiments, during being scanned to the to-be-welded region of workpiece, pulse laser
Power output is 30W~50W, and sweep speed is preferably 5m/s~10m/s, and spot size is 50 μm~70 μm.In above-mentioned parameter
Under, it can not only effectively reduce the loss of energy of lasers, and can realize accurate control of the laser to workpiece scanning pattern,
The uniformity of the oxide layer formed after increase scanning, and then increase the uniformity of weld seam after laser welding.
S130：The dirt of oxidation layer surface is removed, and is wiped with solvent.
Because after scanned through first laser device, oxidation layer surface can remain some impurity and dirt, in order to ensure
Welding quality, before being welded to workpiece, in addition it is also necessary to which the oxide regions to workpiece are handled, will aoxidize layer surface
Dirt removal, and it is clean with solvent wiping, and the solvent is preferably acetone.
Above-mentioned pretreatment mode technique is simple, with low cost, and oxidation is uniform；The to-be-welded region of workpiece can be significantly reduced
Reflectivity；Also, pre-processed by laser irradiation, the oxygen of the to-be-welded region of workpiece is realized without other materials
Change, therefore reduce the introducing of foreign particle, in follow-up welding process, weldquality has been effectively ensured.
S200：Laser welding is carried out to pretreated workpiece.
As a kind of embodiment, laser welding is carried out to pretreated workpiece and comprised the following steps：
S210：Pretreated workpiece is fixed.
, it is necessary to first fix workpiece to be welded on the table, to ensure the precision and standard of welding before being welded
Degree.Usually, workpiece to be welded is fixed by fixture.
S220：Under atmosphere of inert gases, welded using second laser along the oxide layer of workpiece.
After being pre-processed to the to-be-welded region of workpiece, because the to-be-welded region of workpiece forms oxide layer, therefore,
The to-be-welded region reflectivity reduction of workpiece, the absorptivity increase to incident laser, even if workpiece is the high reflectance materials such as copper, aluminium
When material is made, welding process can also be completed using the relatively low laser of power.Preferably, the power of second laser is 200W
~1000W.Using the laser of low-power, the waste of energy is reduced, cost is reduced, reduced to laser optical system
Cause the probability of damage.
Preferably, in welding process, speed of welding is 3mm/s~5mm/s, and defocusing amount is 0mm~+5mm, is conducive to increasing
The uniformity of seam is welded with, strengthens weld strength.
As a kind of embodiment, inert gas uses argon gas, and it is prepared simply, with low cost；And with stabilization
Chemical property, is difficult to react with other materials, can play preferably protective effect.
After pretreatment, the to-be-welded region of workpiece is substantially reduced to the reflectivity of incident laser, therefore, and low work(can be achieved
Welding of the laser of rate to the material of the high reflectances such as copper, aluminium, effectively reduce the loss of energy, it is to avoid in welding process
Due to the too high damage caused to laser optical system of reflectivity；Simultaneously because the to-be-welded region of workpiece is to incident laser
Absorptivity increase so that the melting rate of the to-be-welded region of workpiece is accelerated, and then improves bonding speed.
It should be noted that in the present invention, the power of laser refers to the peak power output of laser, and laser
Power output refers to the real output of laser in the course of work.
Referring to Fig. 1, during the mode irradiated above by laser is pre-processed to the to-be-welded region of workpiece,
Oxidation pathway (i.e. scanning pattern of the first laser device 100 along the to-be-welded region of workpiece) and oxidation depth (the i.e. thickness of oxide layer
Degree) controlled by ccd image system 500 and scanning galvanometer 600, detailed process is as follows：
(1) workpiece 300 is placed on workbench 400, it is preferable that workbench 400 is servo-worktable, and and control system
700 are connected, and workbench 400 is acted under the control of control system 700；Ccd image system 500 is placed in the upper of workpiece 300
Side, while ccd image system 500 is connected with control system 700, to be welded area of the ccd image system 500 to workpiece 300
Domain is positioned, and the optical image of the workpiece monitored is converted into data signal is sent to control system 700.
(2) by the mobile work platform 400 of control system 700, workpiece 300 is made to be located at the underface of scanning galvanometer 600；Connection
First laser device 100 arrives the light path of scanning galvanometer 600, and first laser device 100 is electrically connected into control system 700, passes through control
The parameters such as sweep speed, power output and spot size of the system 700 processed to adjust first laser device 100.
(3) after the completion of scanning, the to-be-welded region formation layer of oxide layer of workpiece 300.
Pass through ccd image system 500 and scanning galvanometer 600 so that preprocessing process realizes automation, adds pretreatment
Speed；Meanwhile, ccd image system 500 and scanning galvanometer 600 cause the laser that first laser device 100 is launched along zoneofoxidation
Domain carries out accurate scan, and the accurate control of oxidation depth and oxidation pathway can be achieved, and then improves the uniformity of oxide layer, profit
Laser welding in subsequent step simultaneously protects workpiece.
With continued reference to Fig. 1, pretreatment and welding process can be realized by same complete equipment.Connection second laser 200 is to sweeping
The light path of galvanometer 600 is retouched, while second laser 200 is electrically connected with control system 700, is adjusted by control system 700
The parameters such as power output, speed of welding and the defocusing amount of second laser 200.
The method for laser welding of the present invention, before laser welding is carried out to workpiece, the to-be-welded region first to workpiece
Pre-processed, the to-be-welded region surface of workpiece is formed layer of oxide layer, so that the to-be-welded region of workpiece is to incidence
The absorptivity increase of laser, reduces energy loss, it is to avoid the laser optical system that is caused because the reflectivity of workpiece is too high
The damage of system.
The present invention is pre-processed using laser irradiation, and technique is simple, with low cost, and work is realized without other materials
The oxidation of the to-be-welded region of part, therefore reduce the introducing of foreign particle, it is ensured that weld strength.
Also, because the to-be-welded region of workpiece increases the absorptivity of incident laser so that the to-be-welded region of workpiece
Melting rate accelerate, and then improve bonding speed.
In addition, the method for laser welding of the present invention realized by ccd image system and scanning galvanometer to oxidation pathway and
The accurate control of oxidation depth, improves the uniformity of oxidation, so as to improve the uniformity of weld seam, weldquality has been effectively ensured；
Meanwhile, the welding of workpiece can be carried out using the laser of low-power, energy loss is reduce further, in highly reflective material
The fields such as welding, encapsulation have broad application prospects.
The present invention is further illustrated below by three specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1
Thickness is cut into 40mm × 80mm for 0.5mm copper plate, placed on the table；Utilize ccd image system
To-be-welded region to copper plate is positioned；After the completion of positioning, start workbench, make copper plate move on to scanning galvanometer just under
Side；First laser device and scanning galvanometer are opened, wherein, first laser device is that wavelength is that the psec that 1064nm, power are 300W swashs
The transmission power of first laser device, is adjusted to 30W, sweep speed by control system and is set to 5m/s, then utilized by light device
Focal beam spot pre-processes for 70um laser to copper plate, forms the oxide layer that thickness is 10 μm.
The copper plate finished to above-mentioned pretreatment carries out the test of reflectivity, and test result is：Pretreated region pair
The reflectivity of 1064nm laser is 75%, and not pretreated region is 93% to the reflectivity of 1064nm laser.It can be seen that,
The reflectivity in the region after preprocessed is significantly reduced.
After the completion of pretreatment, the dirt of oxidation layer surface is removed, and it is clean with acetone thoroughly cleaning；Then swash using second
Light device is welded.Wherein, second laser is the continuous wave optical fiber laser that power is 500W, in welding process, is passed through
The power output of second laser is adjusted to 239W, speed of welding and is adjusted to 5mm/s by control system, and defocusing amount is adjusted to+
5mm。
Embodiment 2
Thickness is cut into 40mm × 80mm for 0.5mm aluminium sheet, placed on the table；Utilize ccd image system pair
The to-be-welded region of aluminium sheet is positioned；After the completion of positioning, start workbench, aluminium sheet is moved on to the underface of scanning galvanometer；Open
First laser device and scanning galvanometer are opened, wherein, first laser device is that wavelength is the picosecond laser that 355nm, power are 90W, is led to
Cross control system the transmission power of first laser device is adjusted to 50W, sweep speed and be set to 10m/s, then using focusing on light
Spot pre-processes for 50um laser to aluminium sheet, forms the oxide layer that thickness is 50 μm.
The aluminium sheet finished to above-mentioned pretreatment carries out the test of reflectivity, and test result is：Pretreated region pair
The reflectivity of 1064nm laser is 70%, and not pretreated region is 92% to the reflectivity of 1064nm laser.It can be seen that,
The reflectivity in the region after preprocessed is significantly reduced.
After the completion of pretreatment, the dirt of oxidation layer surface is removed, and it is clean with acetone thoroughly cleaning；Then swash using second
Light device is welded.Wherein, second laser is the continuous wave optical fiber laser that power is 500W, in welding process, is passed through
The power output of second laser is adjusted to 300W, speed of welding and is adjusted to 3mm/s by control system, and defocusing amount is adjusted to 0mm.
Embodiment 3
Thickness is cut into 40mm × 80mm for 0.5mm copper plate, placed on the table；Utilize ccd image system
To-be-welded region to copper plate is positioned；After the completion of positioning, start workbench, make copper plate move on to scanning galvanometer just under
Side；First laser device and scanning galvanometer are opened, wherein, first laser device is that wavelength is the nanosecond laser that 850nm, power are 200W
The transmission power of first laser device, is adjusted to 40W, sweep speed by control system and is set to 8m/s by device, then using poly-
Burnt hot spot pre-processes for 80um laser to copper plate, forms the oxide layer that thickness is 30 μm.
The copper plate finished to above-mentioned pretreatment carries out the test of reflectivity, and test result is：Pretreated region pair
The reflectivity of 1064nm laser is 68%, and not pretreated region is 93% to the reflectivity of 1064nm laser.It can be seen that,
The reflectivity in the region after preprocessed is significantly reduced.
After the completion of pretreatment, the dirt of oxidation layer surface is removed, and it is clean with acetone thoroughly cleaning；Then swash using second
Light device is welded.Wherein, second laser is the continuous wave optical fiber laser that power is 600W, in welding process, is passed through
The power output of second laser is adjusted to 500W, speed of welding and is adjusted to 4mm/s by control system, and defocusing amount is adjusted to+
3mm。
Embodiment described above only expresses the several embodiments of the present invention, and it describes more specific and detailed, but simultaneously
Therefore the limitation to the scope of the claims of the present invention can not be interpreted as.It should be pointed out that for one of ordinary skill in the art
For, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, various modifications and improvements can be made, these belong to the guarantor of the present invention
Protect scope.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of method for laser welding, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Irradiated by laser and the to-be-welded region of workpiece is pre-processed, pre-processed after finishing in the area to be welded of the workpiece
Field surface formation layer of oxide layer；And
Laser welding is carried out to the pretreated workpiece；
Wherein, the pretreatment uses first laser device, and the first laser device is pulse laser, the pulse laser
The wavelength for launching laser is 355nm ~ 1064nm, and pulse width is nanosecond or nanosecond following magnitude；Utilize the first laser device
During being pre-processed to the to-be-welded region of the workpiece, the power output of the first laser device is 30W ~ 50W, is swept
Speed is retouched for 5 m/s ~ 10m/s, spot size is 50 ~ 80 μm；
It is described that the pretreated workpiece progress laser welding is comprised the following steps：
The pretreated workpiece is fixed；And
Under atmosphere of inert gases, the oxide layer using second laser along the workpiece is welded.
2. method for laser welding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the thickness of the oxide layer is 10 μm ~ 50 μm.
3. method for laser welding according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described to be irradiated by laser to the to be welded of workpiece
Region progress pretreatment is connect to comprise the following steps：
To-be-welded region to the workpiece is positioned；
The to-be-welded region of the workpiece is scanned using first laser device, it is scanned after in the to be welded of the workpiece
Region surface formation layer of oxide layer；And
The dirt of the oxidation layer surface is removed, and is wiped with solvent.
4. method for laser welding according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described to be irradiated by laser to the to be welded of workpiece
Connect during region pre-processed, pass through ccd image system and scanning galvanometer controls oxidation pathway and oxidation depth.
5. the method for laser welding according to Claims 1-4 any one, it is characterised in that the second laser
Power is 200W ~ 1000W.
6. the method for laser welding according to Claims 1-4 any one, it is characterised in that the utilization second laser
When oxide layer of the device along the workpiece is welded, speed of welding is 3mm/s ~ 5mm/s, and defocusing amount is 0mm ~+5mm.
7. method for laser welding according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the workpiece includes copper workpiece and aluminum work
Part.
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| EP3628417A4 (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2021-01-27 | Furukawa Electric Co., Ltd. | Copper alloy particles, surface-coated copper-based particles and mixed particles |
| CN107824963A (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2018-03-23 | 温州大学 | The method for improving high reflecting metal surface laser absorption rate |
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| CN108436270B (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2020-09-18 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 | Surface pretreatment method for aluminum alloy laser welding |
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| CN110695516A (en) * | 2019-11-11 | 2020-01-17 | 佛山市宝光新宇实业有限公司 | High-reflection-resistant laser processing system and processing method |
| CN111266744B (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-03-26 | 大连理工大学 | Pre-cutting-based laser high-precision machining method for copper-steel laminated plate |
| CN111673296B (en) * | 2020-06-29 | 2022-08-12 | 英诺激光科技股份有限公司 | Cutting device and cutting method capable of improving lens assembly precision |
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| DE102004027229A1 (en) * | 2004-06-03 | 2006-01-12 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Method for welding workpieces made from aluminum or aluminum alloy comprises electrolytically oxidizing the workpieces and vaporizing each anodized layer using a pulsed laser beam |
| CN102079013A (en) * | 2009-12-01 | 2011-06-01 | 南车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Aluminum alloy laser welding method |
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