CN105075779A - Method for cultivating roxburgh rose seedlings on saline and alkaline land - Google Patents
Method for cultivating roxburgh rose seedlings on saline and alkaline land Download PDFInfo
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- CN105075779A CN105075779A CN201510536000.8A CN201510536000A CN105075779A CN 105075779 A CN105075779 A CN 105075779A CN 201510536000 A CN201510536000 A CN 201510536000A CN 105075779 A CN105075779 A CN 105075779A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating roxburgh rose seedlings on saline and alkaline land. The method comprises the steps that phosphogypsum is dried and smashed to obtain phosphogypsum powder; the phosphogypsum powder and stable manure are mixed and stacked to obtain manure fertilizer; the water content in the saline and alkaline land is regulated, then the phosphogypsum powder is evenly broadcast in the saline and alkaline land, and rotary tillage processing is performed; after the land is covered with thin film for a period of time, the thin film is taken away, and leaching processing is performed; the manure fertilizer and oil cakes are evenly applied on the processed saline and alkaline land; after ditching is performed for a period of time, roxburgh rose cuttings are cut on the ditch face, and finally the roxburgh rose seedlings are managed. According to the method, the soil PH value and salinization degree of the saline and alkaline land can be significantly lowered, so that the saline and alkaline land is suitable for cultivating the roxburgh rose seedlings, and the significant economical benefit is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the improving technology field in saline land, specifically, relate to a kind of method of cultivating Rosa roxburghii seedling on saline land.
Background technology
Saline land be saline land with alkali ground general name.Solonchak mainly refers to chloride or the higher salinization soil of sulphate, and soil is in alkalescence, but pH value is not necessarily very high.Refer to carbonate containing or heavy phosphatic soil, pH value is higher, and soil is in alkalescence alkali.The content of organic matter in saline land is few, and soil fertility is low, and physicochemical character is poor, and the anions and canons harmful to crop is many, and crop is short seedling not easily.The area in saline land, the whole world is 9.5438 hundred million hectares, and wherein China is 9,913 ten thousand hectares.The formation of China's alkali ground and alkali-affected soil, major part is accumulative relevant with Carbonates In Soil, and thus basicity is general higher, and serious saline land regional plant almost can not be survived.The salinization of soil in soil has been worldwide ecological problem, and the saline Land degree in current global range is obvious ascendant trend, and the salinization of soil in soil has become the important limiting factor of world agriculture sustainable development.For the improvement in saline land, conventional method has: 1, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, and the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is poured into water in saline land exactly, and soil salt is dissolved, by under being oozed and be discharged in deep soil or drip washing is gone out saline and alkaline for the solubility in topsoil, infiltration drain ditch, side is got rid of; 2, level land, level land under can making uniform moisture and ooze, improve the effect that rainfall is drenched salt and irrigated the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, prevent the salination of soil plaque-like; 3, rake the soil level, the table soil that can loosen of raking the soil level, blocks soil capillary water and carries salinity to earth's surface, play the effect preventing the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in good time; 4, applying organic manure, rational use of chemical fertilizer, fertilizer forms humus through microbial decomposition, conversion, can improve the buffer capacity of soil, and can form sodium humate with sodium carbonate effect, reduces surface soil alkalinity.5, effectively can improve soil with saline land special-purpose soil conditioner " solodization ".
Ardealite is the accessory substance in production process of phosphoric acid, often produce one ton of phosphorus pentoxide by-product, five tons of ardealites, utilization at present for ardealite mainly contains four aspects, 1, phosphoric acid cream is used for backfill pit, fill mine working with ardealite, fill cost and account for 1/5 of mining cost, not only saved filling cost, and improve utilization of three wastes rate, decrease environmental pollution.But, due to factors such as ardealite gelling agent casting resin viscosity is high, sedimentation fast, condensation is fast, many, the easy pluggings of fine grained, difficult cleanings; 2, by the agent of ardealite production Flocculated Cement, the crystal habit of ardealite is identical with the plaster of paris, for prismatic or cylindricality plate crystal, chemical composition and plaster of paris composition basic simlarity, but due to containing solubility phosphorus pentoxide, phosphate, soluble fluoride, insoluble phosphorus pentoxide and organic impurities etc., the hydration time of cement can be extended, reduce early strength and extend setting time, therefore ardealite directly can not be used as the set retarder of cement; 3, by ardealite sulphur ammonium and calcium carbonate, the method utilizes ammonia and carbonic acid gas that ardealite is changed into sulphur ammonium and calcium carbonate, and the quality requirement of the method to ardealite is higher, and production procedure is long, and investment is large; 4, ardealite is used for improve basic soil, containing phosphorus pentoxide in ardealite, cause ardealite aobvious acid, its pH value is 1.5 ~ 4.5, can be used to the alkalescence in sweetening of the soil, and the compositions such as the phosphorus contained in ardealite, iron, magnesium, silicon, zinc, sulphur and the calcium nutritive element that to be plant growth necessary.
Ardealite is utilized and improves saline land, after ardealite is manured into soil, can be the solubility calcium that soil provides sufficient, sodium ion in colloidal complex is replaced out, thus the basicity in reduction soil, promote the formation of soil aggregate, prevent soil epidermis from crusting, reduce the pH value of soil, increase the infiltration capacity of soil.At present, adopting and using separately ardealite to improve saline land method is applied after in saline land by ardealite, carry out leaching process immediately, the method can improve the soil structure in saline land to a certain extent, but it is consuming time longer, general needs two triennium ability Planting Crops, and use ardealite process on slight alkaline land after, the germination rate of crops is still lower and later stage growing way is bad.Someone utilizes ardealite to be mixed with into modifying agent with flyash, humus and high nitrogen fertilizer material etc., and the effect obtained is better than using separately ardealite, but high expensive, and effect is still not good enough.Be soil conditioner of producing of raw material and production and preparation method thereof as the application number application for a patent for invention that is 201210522182.X discloses with ardealite, this modifying agent has ardealite, humus, ferrous sulfate, urea and sulfuric acid to be mixed, and it has improves soil structure, adjustment soil pH, characteristic such as activation soil nutrient elements and supplementary Trace Elements in Soil calcium, sulphur, iron and zinc etc. to a certain extent.But this modifying agent cost is relatively high, lower to the adjustment force of soil pH.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of method of cultivating Rosa roxburghii seedling on saline land, the method adopts ardealite, oil cake and compost to process saline land, the soil structure in effective improvement saline land, reduction soil pH, thus realizes on saline land, cultivate Rosa roxburghii seedling.
The concrete technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Saline land is cultivated a method for Rosa roxburghii seedling, comprises the following steps:
(1) ardealite pretreatment: drying to its moisture by ardealite is after 3 ~ 7%, sends in cracker to pulverize and obtains phosphogypsum powder;
(2) compost: mixed with barnyard manure by phosphogypsum powder and stack process 100 ~ 140 days, in stacking process, stirs once in every 3 ~ 5 days, obtains compost;
(3) saline land pretreatment: first regulate the moisture in saline land to be 30 ~ 50%, then dig in saline land be deeply 5 ~ 10cm, wide be the ditch of 20 ~ 30cm, ditch distance is 30 ~ 40cm, phosphogypsum powder is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields earthing after in ditch to fill and lead up, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 350 ~ 2000kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, cover film after 14 ~ 30 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process, then even compost and oil cake in this saline land, the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 800 ~ 2000kg/ mu and 500 ~ 1500kg/ mu;
(4) put up a shed, open railway carriage or compartment: after saline land pretreatment terminates 15 ~ 30 days, 240m is taken in this saline land
2standard booth, then in booth, open railway carriage or compartment by wide 1.5 ~ 2m, and make railway carriage or compartment face width be 1.3 ~ 1.9m, the wide 0.4 ~ 0.6m of pavement, face, railway carriage or compartment exceeds pavement 0.2 ~ 0.5m;
(5) cuttage: the moisture of soil on face, railway carriage or compartment is adjusted to 40 ~ 50%, then the healthy and strong and peripheral branch that is that set without the Rosa roxburghii of lifes in 2 ~ 3 years of damage by disease and insect of growth selection, be cut into the cutting that length is 9 ~ 15cm, by cutting with after root-inducing powder immersion treatment 30 ~ 50min, by cutting cuttage on face, railway carriage or compartment;
(6) final-period management: after cutting cuttage, canopy temperature is regulated to be 20 ~ 25 DEG C, humidity regulation is 70 ~ 80%, and keep the moisture of face, railway carriage or compartment soil to be 40 ~ 45%, cuttage is after 25 ~ 30 days, each booth executes the mixing fertilizer 6 ~ 10kg of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure, cuttage is after 2 months, the sunshade net of large ceiling is opened, and each booth executes the mixing fertilizer 6 ~ 10kg of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure, Rosa roxburghii seedling, after 4 ~ 6 months, can be transplanted by cuttage.
The fineness of described phosphogypsum powder is 60 ~ 200 orders.
The weight ratio of described phosphogypsum powder and barnyard manure is (30 ~ 40): 100.
In described step (3), for slight alkaline land, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 350 ~ 550kg/ mu, and the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 800 ~ 1000kg/ mu and 500 ~ 700kg/ mu; For moderate saline-alkali soil, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 550 ~ 1000kg/ mu, and the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 1000 ~ 1500kg/ mu and 700 ~ 1000kg/ mu; For heavy salinized, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 1000 ~ 2000kg/ mu, and the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 1500 ~ 2000kg/ mu and 1000 ~ 1500kg/ mu.
In described step (3), for slight alkaline land, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 400kg/ mu, and the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 900kg/ mu and 600kg/ mu; For moderate saline-alkali soil, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 800kg/ mu, and the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 1200kg/ mu and 800kg/ mu; For heavy salinized, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 1500kg/ mu, and the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 1800kg/ mu and 1200kg/ mu.
The spacing in the rows of described cutting is 5 ~ 10cm, and line-spacing is 15 ~ 20cm, and the degree of depth of cuttage is 1/3 ~ 2/3 of cutting length.
Described Rosa roxburghii is without seed Rosa roxburghii.
In described oil cake containing organic 75 ~ 85%, nitrogen 1.1 ~ 7.0%, phosphorus pentoxide 0.4 ~ 3.0%, potassium oxide 0.9 ~ 2.1%, protein be 1.5 ~ 3.7%, raw fiber 6 ~ 10.7%, calcium 0.8 ~ 11%, choline 0.27 ~ 0.70%, nicotinic acid 0.6 ~ 1.5% and other vitamin substances 1.3 ~ 2.0.
The application process of the mixing fertilizer of described urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure is: by fertile for the mixing of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure with water with (6 ~ 10): after the weight ratio of 120 mixes, the mixed liquor of acquisition is watered in cutting base portion.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. the present invention is by first regulating the moisture in saline land, again by after the table in ardealite and saline land soil Homogeneous phase mixing, overlay film moisturizing a period of time, make sodium bicarbonate free in ardealite and soil, sodium carbonate fully reacts, generate calcium bicarbonate, calcium phosphate and sodium sulphate are to reduce surface soil alkalinity, sodium ion in colloidal complex replaces out by calcium ion, sodium-clay is become calcium-clay, reduce P in soil H value, activate soil nutrient elements activity and supplementary Trace Elements in Soil etc., and promote the formation of soil aggregate, prevent soil epidermis from crusting, increase the infiltration capacity of soil, and then carry out leaching process again, moisture can penetrate in soil smoothly, the harmful ions such as the sodium ion in soil are taken away, the content of sodium ion in soil is made to reduce by more than 50%, greatly reduce the salinization of soil degree in saline land.
2. the present invention is by stacking process by phosphogypsum powder and barnyard manure mixing, and ardealite reduces CO in composting process
2, CH
4and N
2the discharge capacity of O, effectively raises the fertilizer efficiency of compost, and barnyard manure is stacked the amount reproduction that process can promote microorganism, executes in saline land, can provide a large amount of microbial cells to saline land by the barnyard manure of stacking.
3. the present invention is by adopting ardealite to after the pretreatment of saline land, compost and oil cake is used again in saline land, the protein contained in oil cake, raw fiber, nicotinic acid and other vitamin substances can make microorganism Fast-propagation, and the vital movement of microorganism can effectively reduce alkaline land soil pH value.Moreover, also containing materials such as a large amount of organic matters in oil cake, occur to act synergistically widely with ardealite, soil can be improved, increase fertility, help to increase the space that air and water can be allowed to enter, decompose mineral and produce plant necessary nitrogen, sulphur, potassium and phosphorus.
4. the present invention is by after adopting above-mentioned process to saline land, adopt this saline land to cultivate Rosa roxburghii seedling, utilize Rosa roxburghii strong stress resistance, the characteristic such as drought-enduring and barren-resistant, Rosa roxburghii well-grown in the moderate saline-alkali soil adopting ardealite, compost and oil cake process can be guaranteed.
5. the present invention is by Rosa roxburghii planting process, and in each operation in whole, cuttage and final-period management process and operation, the control of parameter, achieves the high and stable yields of Rosa roxburghii, reach the high yield of more than 2500kg/ hectare.
6. primary raw material ardealite of the present invention, oil cake and barnyard manure etc. are not only cheap, and wide material sources, are particularly used to ardealite and oil cake, effectively can solve the stacking of ardealite and oil cake and the Cost Problems brought and problem of environmental pollution.
Test is adopted to verify beneficial effect of the present invention below:
Ardealite used is the ardealite that Xifeng Heavy Calcium Factory, Kailin Group. Guizhou produces, the content of its calcium sulphate dihydrate is 67.8%, the content of total phosphorus pentoxide is 6.1%, the content of solubility phosphorus pentoxide is 0.44%, magnesian content is 0.39%, the content of fluorine ion is 0.31%, and pH value is 3.7.In oil cake used containing organic 81%, nitrogen 4.5%, phosphorus pentoxide 2.3%, potassium oxide 1.9%, protein be 2.7%, raw fiber 6.8%, calcium 3.1%, choline 0.39%, nicotinic acid 0.9% and other vitamin substances 1.6.With the saline land on Bing Jie farm, Haixing County for experimental field, it is 0.40% that its 0 ~ 20cm shows native total salt content, measures its ion component content, and wherein, pH acidometer measures, and EC value conductivity gauge measures; Ca
2+and Mg
2+mensuration adopt EDTA titration; K
+and Na
+measure and adopt flame spectrometry; HCO
3 -and CO
3 2-adopt Dual-indicator neutralization titration; Cl
-mensuration adopt silver nitrate titration method; SO
4 2-mensuration adopt the method for EDTA indirect compleximetric determination.Measurement result is as table 1, and following table result is the mean value of 3 replications.
Table 1 soil ion composition analysis
Wherein, total amount percentage refers to the percentage that anion accounts for total anion total amount, and cation accounts for the percentage of cation total amount.
Test one
Divided into groups this experimental field, the area often organizing experimental field is 300m
2, processing method is as follows:
The different leaching time of table 2 is on the impact of experimental field
As can be seen from the table, leaching again after aluminum coated steel a period of time, not only in the pH value reducing soil to a greater extent, and can significantly can reduce the total salt content of soil.Test shows: after using ardealite, overlay film carries out leaching in 14 days again, the decline of soil pH value and total salt content is the most obvious, and along with the increase of overlay film time, and the amount of the slippage of soil pH value and total salt content and overlay film 14 days leaching does not again have much changes.
Test two:
Divided into groups experimental field, the area often organizing experimental field is 300m
2, processing method is as follows:
Table 3 different phosphate gypsum amount of application is to the improved effect in saline land
As can be seen from the above table, when the amount of application of ardealite is less than 550kg/ mu, its soil pH value and total salt content decline very fast, and the amount of application of ardealite is when being greater than 550kg/ mu, the degree change that soil pH value and total salt content decline is little, therefore, when the amount of application of ardealite is 550 ~ 1000kg/ mu, best results.
Test three
Divided into groups experimental field, the area often organizing experimental field is 300m
2, processing method is as follows:
Table 4 different ratios of raw materials is to the improved effect in saline land
In table 4, some test procedure does not provide in detail, and the test procedure do not provided in detail all adopts method of the present invention to process, and the processing method of experimental group one to experimental group eight is the same.As can be seen from Table 4, use separately ardealite and process saline land, the survival rate of Rosa roxburghii cutting is lower, and later stage growing way is bad; The effect executing ardealite and compost treatment is better than executing separately ardealite, but effect is undesirable; Execute that ardealite and oil cake process saline land, effect is than executing the good of ardealite and compost, but still undesirable; Execute ardealite, compost and oil cake to process saline land, effectiveness comparison is good.Can be found out by the result of the test of experimental group four to experimental group 7, when compost amount of application is below 1000kg/ mu and oil cake amount of application is below 700kg/ mu, along with the increase of amount of application, the survival rate of Rosa roxburghii significantly improves, and after at compost amount of application, that to be more than 1000kg/ mu and oil cake amount of application be is more than 700kg/ mu, the survival rate change of Rosa roxburghii is little, and the later stage growing way of Rosa roxburghii is all better, therefore determine that the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 1000 ~ 1500kg/ mu and 700 ~ 1000kg/ mu, consumption too much causes the waste of fertilizer, increases cost.
What illustrate is, several test examples that above-mentioned experiment is only used to verify beneficial effect of the present invention and enumerates, the test done to complete the present invention is far above in this, simultaneously, above-mentioned test just illustrates, does not form any pro forma restriction of the present invention.
Embodiment
Conveniently those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.Embodiment is only illustrating this invention, is not limitation of the invention, and the step not doing in embodiment to illustrate is all prior arts, is not described in detail at this.
Embodiment one
Saline land is cultivated a method for Rosa roxburghii seedling, comprises the following steps:
(1) ardealite pretreatment: ardealite is dried to its moisture be after 5%, sending into and being ground into fineness in cracker is 60 order phosphogypsum powders, after pulverizing, be conducive to the contact area increasing ardealite and soil, accelerate the reaction of salinity in ardealite and soil;
(2) compost: after being mixed with barnyard manure by phosphogypsum powder, stack process 100 days, the weight ratio of described phosphogypsum powder and barnyard manure is 30:100, and ardealite reduces CO in composting process
2, CH
4and N
2the discharge capacity of O, effectively raise the fertilizer efficiency of compost, and barnyard manure is stacked the amount reproduction that process can promote microorganism, a large amount of microbial cells is provided to saline land, in stacking process, within every 3 days, stir once, to reduce the temperature of compost, the too high meeting of temperature causes some nutritive element volatilization in compost, obtains compost;
(3) saline land pretreatment: the saline land selecting Bing Jie farm, Haixing County, it is 0.24% that its 0 ~ 20cm shows native total salt content, first the moisture in saline land is regulated to be 30%, be conducive to the formation of granular structure, then digging dark in saline land is 5cm, wide is the ditch of 20cm, ditch distance is 30cm, phosphogypsum powder is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields earthing after in ditch to fill and lead up, ardealite and table soil is conducive to mix, the amount of application of ardealite is 350kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 5cm, cover film 14 days, make sodium bicarbonate free in ardealite and soil, sodium carbonate fully reacts, generate calcium bicarbonate, calcium phosphate and sodium sulphate are to reduce surface soil alkalinity, sodium ion in colloidal complex replaces out by calcium ion, sodium-clay is become calcium-clay, reduce P in soil H value, activate soil nutrient elements activity and supplementary Trace Elements in Soil etc., and promote the formation of soil aggregate, prevent soil epidermis from crusting, increase the infiltration capacity of soil, film is taken away and carries out leaching process, moisture can penetrate in soil smoothly, the harmful ions such as the sodium ion in soil are taken away, greatly reduce the salinization of soil degree in saline land, then in saline land, oil cake and compost is evenly executed, the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 800kg/ mu and 500kg/ mu, the protein contained in oil cake, raw fiber, nicotinic acid and other vitamin substances can make microorganism Fast-propagation, the vital movement of microorganism can effectively reduce alkaline land soil pH value, moreover, also containing materials such as a large amount of organic matters in oil cake, occur to act synergistically widely with ardealite, soil can be improved, increase fertility, help to increase the space that air and water can be allowed to enter, decompose mineral and produce the necessary nitrogen of plant, sulphur, potassium and phosphorus,
(4) put up a shed, open railway carriage or compartment: after saline land pretreatment terminates 15 days, 240m is taken in this saline land
2standard booth, then in booth, open railway carriage or compartment by wide 1.5m, and make railway carriage or compartment face width be 1.3m, the wide 0.4m of pavement, face, railway carriage or compartment exceeds pavement 0.2m, unpack be conducive to control Rosa roxburghii density and prevent ponding;
(5) cuttage: the moisture of soil on face, railway carriage or compartment is adjusted to 40%, then the healthy and strong and peripheral branch set without seed Rosa roxburghii of life in 2 years without damage by disease and insect of growth selection, be cut into the cutting that length is 9cm, by cutting with after root-inducing powder immersion treatment 30min, by cutting cuttage on face, railway carriage or compartment; The spacing in the rows of described cutting is 5cm, and line-spacing is 15cm, and the degree of depth of cuttage is 1/3 of cutting length;
(6) final-period management: after cutting cuttage, canopy temperature is regulated to be 20 DEG C, humidity regulation is 70%, and keep the moisture of face, railway carriage or compartment soil to be 40%, interpolation to be carried out in time for the cutting do not survived, cuttage is after 25 days, each booth executes the fertile 6kg of mixing of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure, cuttage is after 2 months, the sunshade net of large ceiling is opened, and each booth executes the fertile 6kg of mixing of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure, Rosa roxburghii seedling, after 4 months, can be transplanted by cuttage.
The weight ratio of described urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure is 10:20:15:100, application process is: after being mixed with the weight ratio of 6:120 with water by the mixing of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure fertilizer, water the mixed liquor of acquisition in cutting base portion.
Through statistics, adopt the method to cultivate Rosa roxburghii seedling on this saline land, the survival rate of cutting is 98%.
Embodiment two
Saline land is cultivated a method for Rosa roxburghii seedling, comprises the following steps:
(1) ardealite pretreatment: ardealite is dried to its moisture be after 7%, sending into and being ground into fineness in cracker is 80 order phosphogypsum powders, after pulverizing, be conducive to the contact area increasing ardealite and soil, accelerate the reaction of salinity in ardealite and soil;
(2) compost: after being mixed with barnyard manure by phosphogypsum powder, stack process 110 days, the weight ratio of described phosphogypsum powder and barnyard manure is 32:100, and ardealite reduces CO in composting process
2, CH
4and N
2the discharge capacity of O, effectively raise the fertilizer efficiency of compost, and barnyard manure is stacked the amount reproduction that process can promote microorganism, a large amount of microbial cells is provided to saline land, in stacking process, within every 4 days, stir once, to reduce the temperature of compost, the too high meeting of temperature causes some nutritive element volatilization in compost, obtains compost;
(3) saline land pretreatment: the saline land selecting Bing Jie farm, Haixing County, it is 0.33% that its 0 ~ 20cm shows native total salt content, first the moisture in saline land is regulated to be 35%, be conducive to the formation of granular structure, then digging dark in saline land is 6cm, wide is the ditch of 23cm, ditch distance is 32cm, phosphogypsum powder is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields earthing after in ditch to fill and lead up, ardealite and table soil is conducive to mix, the amount of application of ardealite is 550kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 6cm, cover film 18 days, make sodium bicarbonate free in ardealite and soil, sodium carbonate fully reacts, generate calcium bicarbonate, calcium phosphate and sodium sulphate are to reduce surface soil alkalinity, sodium ion in colloidal complex replaces out by calcium ion, sodium-clay is become calcium-clay, reduce P in soil H value, activate soil nutrient elements activity and supplementary Trace Elements in Soil etc., and promote the formation of soil aggregate, prevent soil epidermis from crusting, increase the infiltration capacity of soil, film is taken away and carries out leaching process, moisture can penetrate in soil smoothly, the harmful ions such as the sodium ion in soil are taken away, greatly reduce the salinization of soil degree in saline land, then in saline land, oil cake and compost is evenly executed, the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 1000kg/ mu and 700kg/ mu, the protein contained in oil cake, raw fiber, nicotinic acid and other vitamin substances can make microorganism Fast-propagation, the vital movement of microorganism can effectively reduce alkaline land soil pH value, moreover, also containing materials such as a large amount of organic matters in oil cake, occur to act synergistically widely with ardealite, soil can be improved, increase fertility, help to increase the space that air and water can be allowed to enter, decompose mineral and produce the necessary nitrogen of plant, sulphur, potassium and phosphorus,
(4) put up a shed, open railway carriage or compartment: after saline land pretreatment terminates 18 days, 240m is taken in this saline land
2standard booth, then in booth, open railway carriage or compartment by wide 1.6m, and make railway carriage or compartment face width be 1.4m, the wide 0.5m of pavement, face, railway carriage or compartment exceeds pavement 0.3m, unpack be conducive to control Rosa roxburghii density and prevent ponding;
(5) cuttage: the moisture of soil on face, railway carriage or compartment is adjusted to 43%, then the healthy and strong and peripheral branch set without seed Rosa roxburghii of life in 3 years without damage by disease and insect of growth selection, be cut into the cutting that length is 11cm, by cutting with after root-inducing powder immersion treatment 35min, by cutting cuttage on face, railway carriage or compartment; The spacing in the rows of described cutting is 6cm, and line-spacing is 17cm, and the degree of depth of cuttage is 2/3 of cutting length;
(6) final-period management: after cutting cuttage, canopy temperature is regulated to be 22 DEG C, humidity regulation is 73%, and keep the moisture of face, railway carriage or compartment soil to be 42%, interpolation to be carried out in time for the cutting do not survived, cuttage is after 26 days, each booth executes the fertile 7kg of mixing of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure, cuttage is after 2 months, the sunshade net of large ceiling is opened, and each booth executes the fertile 8kg of mixing of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure, Rosa roxburghii seedling, after 5 months, can be transplanted by cuttage.
The weight ratio of described urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure is 13:24:17:100, application process is: after being mixed with the weight ratio of 7:120 with water by the mixing of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure fertilizer, water the mixed liquor of acquisition in cutting base portion.
Through statistics, adopt the method to cultivate Rosa roxburghii seedling on this saline land, the survival rate of cutting is 97%.
Embodiment three
Saline land is cultivated a method for Rosa roxburghii seedling, comprises the following steps:
(1) ardealite pretreatment: ardealite is dried to its moisture be after 7%, sending into and being ground into fineness in cracker is 200 order phosphogypsum powders, after pulverizing, be conducive to the contact area increasing ardealite and soil, accelerate the reaction of salinity in ardealite and soil;
(2) compost: after being mixed with barnyard manure by phosphogypsum powder, stack process 140 days, the weight ratio of described phosphogypsum powder and barnyard manure is 35:100, and ardealite reduces CO in composting process
2, CH
4and N
2the discharge capacity of O, effectively raise the fertilizer efficiency of compost, and barnyard manure is stacked the amount reproduction that process can promote microorganism, a large amount of microbial cells is provided to saline land, in stacking process, within every 5 days, stir once, to reduce the temperature of compost, the too high meeting of temperature causes some nutritive element volatilization in compost, obtains compost;
(3) saline land pretreatment: the saline land selecting Bing Jie farm, Haixing County, it is 0.41% that its 0 ~ 20cm shows native total salt content, first the moisture in saline land is regulated to be 45%, be conducive to the formation of granular structure, then digging dark in saline land is 8cm, wide is the ditch of 28cm, ditch distance is 36cm, phosphogypsum powder is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields earthing after in ditch to fill and lead up, ardealite and table soil is conducive to mix, the amount of application of ardealite is 1000kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 8cm, cover film 24 days, make sodium bicarbonate free in ardealite and soil, sodium carbonate fully reacts, generate calcium bicarbonate, calcium phosphate and sodium sulphate are to reduce surface soil alkalinity, sodium ion in colloidal complex replaces out by calcium ion, sodium-clay is become calcium-clay, reduce P in soil H value, activate soil nutrient elements activity and supplementary Trace Elements in Soil etc., and promote the formation of soil aggregate, prevent soil epidermis from crusting, increase the infiltration capacity of soil, film is taken away and carries out leaching process, moisture can penetrate in soil smoothly, the harmful ions such as the sodium ion in soil are taken away, greatly reduce the salinization of soil degree in saline land, then in saline land, oil cake and compost is evenly executed, the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 1500kg/ mu and 1000kg/ mu, the protein contained in oil cake, raw fiber, nicotinic acid and other vitamin substances can make microorganism Fast-propagation, the vital movement of microorganism can effectively reduce alkaline land soil pH value, moreover, also containing materials such as a large amount of organic matters in oil cake, occur to act synergistically widely with ardealite, soil can be improved, increase fertility, help to increase the space that air and water can be allowed to enter, decompose mineral and produce the necessary nitrogen of plant, sulphur, potassium and phosphorus,
(4) put up a shed, open railway carriage or compartment: after saline land pretreatment terminates 26 days, 240m is taken in this saline land
2standard booth, then in booth, open railway carriage or compartment by wide 1.8m, and make railway carriage or compartment face width be 1.6m, the wide 0.6m of pavement, face, railway carriage or compartment exceeds pavement 04m, unpack be conducive to control Rosa roxburghii density and prevent ponding;
(5) cuttage: the moisture of soil on face, railway carriage or compartment is adjusted to 48%, then the healthy and strong and peripheral branch set without seed Rosa roxburghii of life in 3 years without damage by disease and insect of growth selection, be cut into the cutting that length is 14cm, by cutting with after root-inducing powder immersion treatment 46min, by cutting cuttage on face, railway carriage or compartment; The spacing in the rows of described cutting is 8cm, and line-spacing is 18cm, and the degree of depth of cuttage is 2/3 of cutting length;
(6) final-period management: after cutting cuttage, canopy temperature is regulated to be 24 DEG C, humidity regulation is 76%, and keep the moisture of face, railway carriage or compartment soil to be 44%, interpolation to be carried out in time for the cutting do not survived, cuttage is after 28 days, each booth executes the fertile 9kg of mixing of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure, cuttage is after 2 months, the sunshade net of large ceiling is opened, and each booth executes the fertile 8kg of mixing of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure, Rosa roxburghii seedling, after 6 months, can be transplanted by cuttage.
The weight ratio of described urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure is 18:20-30:22:100, application process is: after being mixed with the weight ratio of 9:120 with water by the mixing of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure fertilizer, water the mixed liquor of acquisition in cutting base portion.
Through statistics, adopt the method to cultivate Rosa roxburghii seedling on this saline land, the survival rate of cutting is 97%.
Embodiment four
Saline land is cultivated a method for Rosa roxburghii seedling, comprises the following steps:
(1) ardealite pretreatment: ardealite is dried to its moisture be after 6%, sending into and being ground into fineness in cracker is 100 order phosphogypsum powders, after pulverizing, be conducive to the contact area increasing ardealite and soil, accelerate the reaction of salinity in ardealite and soil;
(2) compost: after being mixed with barnyard manure by phosphogypsum powder, stack process 140 days, the weight ratio of described phosphogypsum powder and barnyard manure is 40:100, and ardealite reduces CO in composting process
2, CH
4and N
2the discharge capacity of O, effectively raise the fertilizer efficiency of compost, and barnyard manure is stacked the amount reproduction that process can promote microorganism, a large amount of microbial cells is provided to saline land, in stacking process, within every 5 days, stir once, to reduce the temperature of compost, the too high meeting of temperature causes some nutritive element volatilization in compost, obtains compost;
(3) saline land pretreatment: the saline land selecting Bing Jie farm, Haixing County, it is 0.68% that its 0 ~ 20cm shows native total salt content, first the moisture in saline land is regulated to be 50%, be conducive to the formation of granular structure, then digging dark in saline land is 10cm, wide is the ditch of 30cm, ditch distance is 40cm, phosphogypsum powder is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields earthing after in ditch to fill and lead up, ardealite and table soil is conducive to mix, the amount of application of ardealite is 2000kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, the degree of depth of rotary tillage is 10cm, cover film 30 days, make sodium bicarbonate free in ardealite and soil, sodium carbonate fully reacts, generate calcium bicarbonate, calcium phosphate and sodium sulphate are to reduce surface soil alkalinity, sodium ion in colloidal complex replaces out by calcium ion, sodium-clay is become calcium-clay, reduce P in soil H value, activate soil nutrient elements activity and supplementary Trace Elements in Soil etc., and promote the formation of soil aggregate, prevent soil epidermis from crusting, increase the infiltration capacity of soil, film is taken away and carries out leaching process, moisture can penetrate in soil smoothly, the harmful ions such as the sodium ion in soil are taken away, greatly reduce the salinization of soil degree in saline land, then in saline land, oil cake and compost is evenly executed, the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 2000kg/ mu and 1500kg/ mu, the protein contained in oil cake, raw fiber, nicotinic acid and other vitamin substances can make microorganism Fast-propagation, the vital movement of microorganism can effectively reduce alkaline land soil pH value, moreover, also containing materials such as a large amount of organic matters in oil cake, occur to act synergistically widely with ardealite, soil can be improved, increase fertility, help to increase the space that air and water can be allowed to enter, decompose mineral and produce the necessary nitrogen of plant, sulphur, potassium and phosphorus,
(4) put up a shed, open railway carriage or compartment: after saline land pretreatment terminates 30 days, 240m is taken in this saline land
2standard booth, then in booth, open railway carriage or compartment by wide 2m, and make railway carriage or compartment face width be 1.9m, the wide 0.6m of pavement, face, railway carriage or compartment exceeds pavement 0.5m, unpack be conducive to control Rosa roxburghii density and prevent ponding;
(5) cuttage: the moisture of soil on face, railway carriage or compartment is adjusted to 50%, then the healthy and strong and peripheral branch set without seed Rosa roxburghii of life in 3 years without damage by disease and insect of growth selection, be cut into the cutting that length is 15cm, by cutting with after root-inducing powder immersion treatment 50min, by cutting cuttage on face, railway carriage or compartment; The spacing in the rows of described cutting is 10cm, and line-spacing is 20cm, and the degree of depth of cuttage is 2/3 of cutting length;
(6) final-period management: after cutting cuttage, canopy temperature is regulated to be 25 DEG C, humidity regulation is 80%, and keep the moisture of face, railway carriage or compartment soil to be 45%, interpolation to be carried out in time for the cutting do not survived, cuttage is after 30 days, each booth executes the fertile 10kg of mixing of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure, cuttage is after 2 months, the sunshade net of large ceiling is opened, and each booth executes the fertile 10kg of mixing of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure, Rosa roxburghii seedling, after 6 months, can be transplanted by cuttage.
The weight ratio of described urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure is 20:30:25:100, application process is: after being mixed with the weight ratio of 10:120 with water by the mixing of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure fertilizer, water the mixed liquor of acquisition in cutting base portion.
Through statistics, adopt the method to cultivate Rosa roxburghii seedling on this saline land, the survival rate of cutting is 94%.
The above, it is only better example of the present invention, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, anyly do not depart from technical solution of the present invention content, the any simple modification done above example according to technical spirit of the present invention, coversion material equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. on saline land, cultivate a method for Rosa roxburghii seedling, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) ardealite pretreatment: drying to its moisture by ardealite is after 3 ~ 7%, sends in cracker to pulverize and obtains phosphogypsum powder;
(2) compost: mixed with barnyard manure by phosphogypsum powder and stack process 100 ~ 140 days, in stacking process, stirs once in every 3 ~ 5 days, obtains compost;
(3) saline land pretreatment: first regulate the moisture in saline land to be 30 ~ 50%, then dig in saline land be deeply 5 ~ 10cm, wide be the ditch of 20 ~ 30cm, ditch distance is 30 ~ 40cm, phosphogypsum powder is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields earthing after in ditch to fill and lead up, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 350 ~ 2000kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, cover film after 14 ~ 30 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process, then even compost and oil cake in this saline land, the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 800 ~ 2000kg/ mu and 500 ~ 1500kg/ mu;
(4) put up a shed, open railway carriage or compartment: after saline land pretreatment terminates 15 ~ 30 days, 240m is taken in this saline land
2standard booth, then in booth, open railway carriage or compartment by wide 1.5 ~ 2m, and make railway carriage or compartment face width be 1.3 ~ 1.9m, the wide 0.4 ~ 0.6m of pavement, face, railway carriage or compartment exceeds pavement 0.2 ~ 0.5m;
(5) cuttage: the moisture of soil on face, railway carriage or compartment is adjusted to 40 ~ 50%, then the healthy and strong and peripheral branch that is that set without the Rosa roxburghii of lifes in 2 ~ 3 years of damage by disease and insect of growth selection, be cut into the cutting that length is 9 ~ 15cm, by cutting with after root-inducing powder immersion treatment 30 ~ 50min, by cutting cuttage on face, railway carriage or compartment;
(6) final-period management: after cutting cuttage, canopy temperature is regulated to be 20 ~ 25 DEG C, humidity regulation is 70 ~ 80%, and keep the moisture of face, railway carriage or compartment soil to be 40 ~ 45%, cuttage is after 25 ~ 30 days, each booth executes the mixing fertilizer 6 ~ 10kg of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure, cuttage is after 2 months, the sunshade net of large ceiling is opened, and each booth executes the mixing fertilizer 6 ~ 10kg of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure, Rosa roxburghii seedling, after 4 ~ 6 months, can be transplanted by cuttage.
2. on saline land, cultivate the method for Rosa roxburghii seedling as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the fineness of described phosphogypsum powder is 60 ~ 200 orders.
3. on saline land, cultivate the method for Rosa roxburghii seedling as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the weight ratio of described phosphogypsum powder and barnyard manure is (30 ~ 40): 100.
4. on saline land, cultivate the method for Rosa roxburghii seedling as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (3), for slight alkaline land, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 350 ~ 550kg/ mu, and the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 800 ~ 1000kg/ mu and 500 ~ 700kg/ mu; For moderate saline-alkali soil, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 550 ~ 1000kg/ mu, and the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 1000 ~ 1500kg/ mu and 700 ~ 1000kg/ mu; For heavy salinized, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 1000 ~ 2000kg/ mu, and the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 1500 ~ 2000kg/ mu and 1000 ~ 1500kg/ mu.
5. the method for cultivating Rosa roxburghii seedling on saline land as described in claim 1 or 4, it is characterized in that, in described step (3), for slight alkaline land, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 400kg/ mu, and the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 900kg/ mu and 600kg/ mu; For moderate saline-alkali soil, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 800kg/ mu, and the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 1200kg/ mu and 800kg/ mu; For heavy salinized, the amount of application of phosphogypsum powder is 1500kg/ mu, and the amount of application of compost and oil cake is respectively 1800kg/ mu and 1200kg/ mu.
6. on saline land, cultivate the method for Rosa roxburghii seedling as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the spacing in the rows of described cutting is 5 ~ 10cm, and line-spacing is 15 ~ 20cm, and the degree of depth of cuttage is 1/3 ~ 2/3 of cutting length.
7. on saline land, cultivate the method for Rosa roxburghii seedling as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Rosa roxburghii is without seed Rosa roxburghii.
8. on saline land, cultivate the method for Rosa roxburghii seedling as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the application process of the mixing fertilizer of described urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure is: by fertile for the mixing of urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ureaformaldehyde and farmyard manure with water with (6 ~ 10): after the weight ratio of 120 mixes, the mixed liquor of acquisition is watered in cutting base portion.
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| CN108901546A (en) * | 2018-06-30 | 2018-11-30 | 贵州京源生态农业发展有限公司 | A kind of breeding method of high-quality Rosa roxburghii Tratt |
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